Enclosing and Opening: Chinaâs Oceanic Structures of Feeling

Dongyang Li; Elspeth Probyn

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Chapter 3 Enclosing and Opening: Chinaâs Oceanic Structures of Feeling

in Entangled Waterscapes in Asia

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Dongyang Li

Dongyang Li
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Elspeth Probyn

Elspeth Probyn
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Art:: Kapitel

Seiten:: 41â60

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004719170_004

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The legal theorist, Surabhi Ranganathan, argues that âthe law of the sea [â¦] offers a microcosm of the opening and foreclosure of international lawâs rulemaking protocols.âi In this chapter, we argue that along with international law, there is a particularly Chinese structure of feeling that emerges over the late 19^th and 20^th centuries in major literary texts that charts Chinaâs enclosure as an âinland civilisationâ to its openings as a major maritime force.

In cultural studies, a conjunctural analysis tries to grasp the economic, social and cultural contours of the present and looks to their historical conditions of possibility. For instance, today Chinaâs over 3000 long-distance fishing fleets around the world with its many subsidised ports in the global south attest to its status as a major oceanic power. This rapid rise in power is in part surprising because of the relatively meagre Exclusive Economic Zones that were meted out by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, which set out the amount of EEZs nations were entitled to. While China was a participant in these debates, as Peter Nolan astutely points out, the maritime imperial nations such as France, and Britain were given the EEZs of their considerable colonies.ii For instance, the tiny British Indian Ocean Territory with a land mass of 60 square kilometres has an EEZ of 639,000 square kilometres whereas Chinaâs total is a paltry 900,000 square kilometres. This is in great part because China in the 19^th and 20^th centuries did not aspire to being an imperial colonialising marine power.

Examining the oceanic writings of Yuan Wei, Qichao Liang and their contemporaries who advocated Chinaâs turning from earthbound to the maritime, we find that Chinaâs hesitant opening up to the need for maritime power had to overcome a history of pride in its rich historical enclosed inland civilisation and the shame occasioned by the European conquests that led to colonial Treaties that installed foreign concessions in ports around China.

Notes

Surabhi Ranganathan, âDecolonization and International Law: Putting the Ocean on the Map,â Journal of the History of International Law 23, no. 1 (2021): 161.
Peter Nolan, âImperial Archipelagos: China, Western Colonialism and the Law of the Sea, New Left Review (2013): 77â95.

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Entangled Waterscapes in Asia

Reihe:Â African and Asian Anthropocene: Studies in the Environmental Humanities, Band: 1

ISBN:: 9789004719170

Verleger:: Brill

Print-Publikationsdatum:: 06 Feb 2025

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Chapter 3 Enclosing and Opening: Chinaâs Oceanic Structures of Feeling

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Chapter 3 Enclosing and Opening: Chinaâs Oceanic Structures of Feeling