1.1 âBritannia between Newton and Willem Jacob âs Gravesandeâ (1787) by Giovanni Martino de Boni (1753â?) 3
2.1 City plan of Amsterdam probably made in 1683â1684 by Johannes de Ram (1648â1693) (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Object no. RP-P-AO-20-46) 29
2.2 Detail of an annotation in an unknown hand 45
2.3 Detail of an annotation in Verwerâs own hand 46
3.1 Engraving of Lambert ten Kate by Jacob Houbraken (1698â1780) after a painting by Jacob Christof Le Blon (1667â1741) (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Object no. RP-P-OB-48.671) 60
3.2 Figure 4 from Book I, Part II, Plate 1 in Newton, Opticks1704 85
4.1 Engraving of Bernard Nieuwentijt by Pieter van Gunst (c.1659â1731) after a painting by Dirk Valkenburg (1675â1721) (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Object no. RP-P-0B-55.696) 104
4.2 Engraving for Het regt gebruik der werelt beschouwingen by Jan Goeree (1670â1731) (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Object no. RP-P-1907-4575) 133
5.1 Engraving of Herman Boerhaave by Nicolas-Gabriel Dupuis (1698â1771) after a drawing by Jan Wandelaar (1690â1759) (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Object no. RP-P-AO-20-46) 180
5.2 Title-page of Herman Boerhaaveâs Sermo academicus de comparano certo in physicis (Lugduni Batavorum, 1715) 219
6.1 Engraving of Willem Jacob âs Gravesande by Jacob Houbraken (1698â1780) based on a drawing by Jan Wandelaar (1690â1759), Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, object no. RP-P-OB-48.788 253
6.2 Engraving of the device used in Experiment 1, Chapter 5, Part I, Book IV (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 2:Tab. LXVII, Fig. 1) 295
6.3 Engraving of the device used in Experiment 1, Chapter 15, Part III, Book II (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica1, 1:Tab. XXVIII, Fig. 2) 296
6.4 Engraving of the device used in Experiment, Chapter 24, Part II, Book I (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica1, 1:Tab. XV, Figs. 3â4) 298
6.5 Engraving of the device used in Experiment, Chapter 22, Part III, Book I (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 1:Tab. XIX, Fig. 3) 299
6.6 Engraving of the device used in the experiment in Chapter 23, Part III, Book I (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 1:Tab. XX) 300
6.7a Engraving of the ruler used in the experiment in Chapter 23, Part III, Book I (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 1:Tab. XXII, Fig. 2) 300
6.7b Engraving of the wooden box used in the experiment in Chapter 23, Part III, Book I (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 1:Tab. XXII, Fig. 3) 301
6.8 Engraving of the device used in Experiment 5, Chapter 5, Part I, Book I (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 1:Tab. III, Fig. 3) 302
6.9 Engraving of the device used in Experiments 3 and 4, Chapter 11, Part II, Book IV (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 2:Tab. LXXIX) 304
6.10 Engraving of âs Gravesandeâs hydrostatic balance (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 1:Tab. LII, Figs. 1â2) 306
6.11 Engraving of ââs Gravesandeâs bucketâ (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 1:Tab. XLVIII, Fig. 6) 307
6.12 âs Gravesandeâs heliostat (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 2:Tab. LXXXIII) 309
6.13 âs Gravesandeâs heliostat placed in a wooden box (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica3, 2:Tab. LXXXIV) 310
6.14 Engraving of the device used during Experiment 1, Chapter 22, Part IV, Book I (âs Gravesande, Physices elementa mathematica2, 1:Tab. XVI, Figs. 3 and 5) 318
7.1 Engraving of Pieter van Musschenbroek by Jacob Houbraken (1698â1780) after a painting by Jan Maurits Quinkhard (1688â1772) (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Object no. RP-P-1894-A-18513) 326
7.2 Annotations on p. 9 of Pieter van Musschenbroekâs copy of Beginsels der natuurkunde (1739) (LULSC, BPL 240.61, 9) 361
7.3 Van Musschenbroekâs steelyard scale used to determine absolute cohesion (Pieter van Musschenbroek, Physicae experimentales, et geometricae ⦠dissertationes, Tab. XIX, Fig. 6) 371
7.4 The sample used by Van Musschenbroek to determine the absolute cohesion of wood (Van Musschenbroek, Physicae experimentales, et geometricae ⦠dissertationes, Tab. XX, Fig. 1) 372
7.5 The balance Van Musschenbroek used to determine the magnetic force between magnets themselves or between magnets and iron (Van Musschenbroek, Physicae experimentales, et geometricae ⦠dissertationes, Tab. I, Fig. 2) 374
7.6 The method used by Van Musschenbroek to attach metal threads to the shackles (Van Musschenbroek, Physicae experimentales, et geometricae ⦠dissertationes, Tab. XX, Fig. 3) 377
7.7 Engraving illustrating Galileoâs account of the relative cohesion of a beam in the Discorsi (Galilei, Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, 114) 379
7.8 Engraving illustrating Leibnizâs method of conceiving the relative cohesion of a beam in his 1684 paper (Van Musschenbroek, Physicae experimentales, et geometricae ⦠dissertationes, Tab. XXIV, Fig. 12) 381