4.1 Frontispiece, Jan van der Straet, Nova reperta (c.1600), engraved by Theodor Galle. Photo: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Public domain 40
4.2 Book Printing, Jan van der Straet, Nova reperta (c.1600), engraved by Theodor Galle. Photo: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Public domain 41
4.3 Ivory frigate by Jacob Zeller (1620). Courtesy of the Grünes Gewölbe, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden 44
5.1 (Attic red-figure chous) ‘reveler, pounding door as woman with lamp inside apprehensively waits’, ca. 430–420 BCE, NY, Metrop. Museum of Archeology, 37.11.19 Fletcher fund (in the public domain) 48
5.2 Illustrating Hero’s design for an automatically opening door; Bur 2016 (her figure 20, adapted from Schmidt 1899, 181, his figure 40) 53
5.3 Two reconstructions of the ekkuklêma; ‘revolving’ type on the right (after A.C. Mahr, New York 1938, Origin of the Greek Tragic Form. New York 1938, fig. 27a–b) 59
5.4 Design of revolving door (cf. Sluiter 2017, fig. 5b; source: Wikimedia, Life of Riley. CC-BY-SA 3.0) 59
5.5 Patent drawing of the revolving door by Theophilus Van Kannel (Augustus 1888) 60
5.6 Modern reconstruction of a stropheion (Casanova 2017, 9) 61
6.1 Axonometry of the foundations of the Theban Treasury (Michaud 1973, pl. 61) 72
6.2 Schematic view, from the west, of the Treasury of the Thebans, and its location on the terrace, with the three courses of the foundations and the frames. After Didier Laroche (Jacquemin and Laroche 2012, 110 fig. 12) 79
7.1 Remains of Rome’s Mid-republican wall circuit on the Esquiline. Photo: Lalupa / Wikimedia Commons 91
7.2 Rome, section of the Aurelian wall near Porta Metronia. Photo: LPLT / Wikimedia Commons 91
7.3 Pompeii, VII 4, 31. Wall in opus incertum of grey lava with door posts in Sarno stone. Photo: Miko Flohr 98
7.4 Pompeii, VII 3, 13. Wall in limestone-framework technique. Photo: Miko Flohr 99
7.5 Ostia, tabernae I X 1 (‘Taberne Repubblicane’). Late Republican opus reticulatum in tuff. Photo: Miko Flohr 101
7.6 Pompeii, Odeon: early colonial opus incertum with grey lava and brick. Photo: Miko Flohr 106
7.7 Pompeii, Temple of Fortuna Augusta. Photo: Miko Flohr 107
10.1 City Planning. 1) Workers’ village of Kahun, ca. 1835 BCE. Adapted from Petrie 1891, Pl. XIV, PD-1923. 2) Workers’ village at Tell el-Amarna, ca. 1353 BCE. Adapted from Woolley 1922, Pl. XVI, PD-1923. 3) Beer-Sheva, Stratum II, ca. 900–586 BCE (Z. Herzog 1993, 167) 151
10.2 Wind Catcher. 1) Clay model of Egyptian house with wind catcher on roof, ca. 1850 BCE. British Museum EA 32610. Image adapted from Budge 1925, 467, Pl. III, PD-1923. 2) Clay model of Egyptian house with wind catcher on roof, ca. 2181–2055 BCE. Image: Keith Schengili-Roberts / Wikimedia. 3) Clay model of Egyptian house with wind catchers on roof. Early Dynastic Period, Abou Rawsh, near Cairo. Louvre, E 14698. Image: Wikimedia 153
10.3 Assyrian Siege Engine. 1) Relief from the Palace of Nineveh of the ‘Siege of Lachish’, Israel, by Sennacherib, King of Assyria, Ca. 701 BCE (Layard 1853, Plate 21. PD-1923). 2) Relief of a siege engine from the Palace of Nimrud (Layard 1849, Plate 17, PD-1923) 155
10.4 Assyrian soldiers (or fugitives) under fire while crossing a moat/river using inflated animal skins. From the Palace of Nimrud, ca. 850 BCE. Adapted from Layard 1849, Plate 33, PD-1923 156
10.5 Hearth examples. 1–2) Type 4 hearths at Arslantepe, Turkey, period VI C (2700–2500 BCE). Adapted from Restelli 2015, 134, Fig. 4:2, 3. 2) Horse-shoe shaped hearth from Tell Arbid, H1 in Area D, Khabur ware period. Adapted from Smogorzewska 2012, 238, Fig. 13 157
10.6 Stoves. 1) Ebla, Royal Palace G. (ca. 2450–2300 BCE). Adapted from Peyronel, Vacca, Wachter-Starkady 2014, 17–18. 2) Ischali Kitîtum, room 1-Q.29 in Period IIB. Adapted from Hill and Jacobsen 1990, Pl. 18b. Free-standing cooking ranges. 3) Ishchali Kitîtum complex, Room 1-Q.29, Period III. Adapted from Hill and Jacobson 1990, Pl. 10b. 4) Abu Salabikh, Area E, Room 47. Adapted from Crawford 1981, 110, fig. 7 159
12.1 Waste from the production of inflated glass tubes, Jerusalem, mid-first century BCE (Israeli, Y. and N. Katsnelson, ‘Refuse of a Glass Workshop of the Second Temple Period from Area J’, in: H. Geva (ed.), Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem vol. 3, Jerusalem 2006, pl. 21.1, courtesy of the Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem) 184
12.2 Reconstruction of the large terra sigillata kiln at La Graufesenque (Coupe théorique est-ouest du four chargé (le trait indique la limite des parties conservées): fig. 10 in Vernhet 1981, Gallia 39.1) 191
13.1 Reconstruction of the Hierapolis sawmill of Ammianos based on Ritti, Grewe, and Kessener (2007). Wikimedia Commons CC BY 3.0 DEED. Illustration by Jahobr and Chrkl 200
13.2 Fragment of calcium carbonate recovered from the grain mill at Barbegal, Musée de l’Arles antique. Image: Cees Passchier 202
13.3 Ancient Roman models of the temple of Niha and the Great Altar at Baalbek, Lebanon. Drawings: Rabun Taylor 205
13.4 Hypothetical test model of a truss for the Odeion of Herodes Atticus. Drawing by Manolis Korres. Courtesy of Melissa Publishing House and Manolis Korres 207
13.5 Hypothetical sector of a Roman aqueduct with a siphon operating under drought and flood conditions. Image: Rabun Taylor 210
13.6 Progressive plow technologies of the Roman imperial period in northeastern Italy. Forni 2006. Courtesy of Casa Editrice Edipuglia 213