Index
Abdala of Edessa
307
Abdallah ibn Istifan
304
âAbdÄ«shÅ IV of Jezireh, Mar
308â309
Abela, Leonardo
306
Abraham Abdallah of Edessa
304
Abraham, Mar
309â310
Abram al-Suryani
293
Atallah, Mar, archbishop
306
absolution
63, 207, 370
Abuna
299
Act of Supremacy (1534)
351
Adel
306
Adrian VI
and diplomatic concerns
197
and Martin Luther
345â346, 355
as patron of the arts
167
Aegidian Constitution (1357)
14, 83, 97
Aegidius Romanus (Egidio Colonna)
27, 31, 33
Ailly, Pierre dâ
37, 41, 42, 45, 48
Albornoz, Gil
83
Aldiosi family
82
Aldobrandini, Ippolito
368
Aleandro, Girolamo
345, 355
Alexander V
335
Alexander VI
7, 225
and diplomatic concerns
192â194
and printed works
339
and reform
385â386
and the Borgia family
91
and the Spanish Inquisition
332
as patron of the arts
155â159
Alexis de Jesu de Menezes
311
Alfonso of Naples
85
Almain, Jacques
47, 48
Altoviti family
121
Alumbrados
334, 362
Alvarez, Francesco
298
Andrés de Oviedo
299
Andrew of Escobar
41
Anguillara, Everso dâ
87
Anne of Denmark
365
Annius of Viterbo
155
Antioch, Orthodox Church of
304â307
Antonio del Pollaiuolo
152
Apostoles, Michael
263
Aquinas, Thomas
28, 266, 267
Arasson, Jón
346
Archivum Historiae Pontificae
3
Argyropoulos, Ioannes
263
Armenians
268, 257â289
art and architecture in church life, role of
176
art, works of
Battle of Lepanto
179, 232
Battle of Ostia
224
Battle of the Milvian Bridge
167â168, 224
Conversion of Saint Paul
170
Crucifixion of Saint Peter
170
Last Judgement
170â172, 176â177
Lives of the Artists
178
Moses
172â173
Pope Boniface VIII Proclaiming the First Jubilee from the Lateran Loggia
131
Pope Paul III and His Grandsons
174â175
Pope Sixtus IV Charges Bartolommeo Platina with the Administration of the Vatican Library
149
Resurrection
160
Sistine Tapestries
165
St. Catherine disputing the elders of Alexandria
157
St. Paul Preaching to the Apostles
165â166
The Battle of Lepanto
178â179
The Consecration of St. Lawrence as Deacon
145
The Founding of Santa Maria Maggiore
136
The School of Athens
163
The Temptation of Christ
152
Tomb of Antipope John XXIII
132
Tomb of Sixtus IV
153
artisans
114
Assumption, Feast of the
125
Athanasius Johannes Ibrahim Qasha
305
Attila the Hun
224
Augsburg Interim
257
Augustinus, Triumphus
27, 33
authority, papal
challenges to
7
civil
15
plentitude of power
11
Averlino, Antonio see Filarete
Avignon
130
Avvakumov, Yury P.
18, 259â287
Azores
237
Baglioni family
92
bandits
97
Johannes Baptista of Ethiopia
305
Barbarossa
226
Barocci of Urbino, Federico
177
Barreto, João Nunes
299
Bartolomé de Carranza
202â203
Bartolomé de Las Casas
Basilicas / Churches
Holy Apostles see Ss. Dodici Apostoli
S. Agostino
122
Ss. Dodici Apostoli
109, 148
S. Giovanni in Laterano, see St. John Lateran
108, 129, 137, 138
S. Maria Maggiore see Mary Major
S. Maria del Popolo
108, 122, 124
S. Maria della Vittoria
232
S. Maria in Aracoeli
122
St. Mary Major
108
S. Maria sopra Minerva
122
S. Pietro in Vaticano see St. Peterâs
St. Peterâs
108
St. Paul Outside the Walls
129
S. Pietro in Vincoli
148, 172â173
S. Sabina
143
Báthory, Stephen
204, 368
Bayezid I
212
Bayezid II
154, 210
Beaton, James
365
Bellarmino S.J. Roberto
12, 26, 36â37
Bembo, Pietro
52
benediction loggia
147
Bentivoglio family
85, 92, 195
Bermudes, João
298
Berthold of Henneberg
338
Bessarion, John Basil, Cardinal
262, 384
bishops, absence of, conciliar
378, 394
Boccaccio, Giovanni
371
Boccapaduli family
115
Bohemia
4â6, 316, 321
Boleyn, Anne
199, 350
Bonaventure
28â29
bonds
13
Boniface VIII (1294â1303)
26
as patron of the arts
130, 131
Boniface IX
81
and Jubilee
134
and the crusades
210
as Lord of Rome
101
Borgia Apartments
156â158
Borgia family
Cesare
7, 91, 193, 195, 386
Joffrey
386
Juan
386
Lucrezia
7, 386
Rodrigo
382
Borja, Rodrigo de, see Alexander VI
Borgo San Sepolcro
85
Borromeo family
Agostino
19, 314â374
Carlo
64, 395
Federico
94
Borromini, Francesco
137, 138
Boseman, Lex
180
Botticelli, Sandro
150â152
Bracciano, Duchy of
96
Braccio da Montone
81, 82, 186
Bracciolini, Poggio
8
Bramante, Donato
160â161
Brandolini, Rafaello
52
Braniewo, city of
367
Bravo, Alfonso
293
Brethren of the Free Spirit
315
Bridget of Sweden
134
Bronze doors of Filarete
140, 141
Brunelleschi, Filippo
135
Bruni, Leonardo
8, 262
Brutus al Hadathi
303
Bull, Conciliar
Ad nostrum (1311)
315
Attendentes (1418)
378
Cantate Domino (1442)
292
Exultate Deo (1438)
268, 288
Frequens (1417)
11, 38, 42, 47, 270, 375
Great Reform Bull (1514)
387
Haec sancta (1415)
4, 11, 38, 42, 376
Laetentur coeli (1439)
6, 38, 214, 268, 273
Sicut pia mater (1434)
270
Unam sanctam (1302)
6, 26
Bull, Papal
Altitudo divini consilii (1537)
250, 251
Benedictus sit Deus (1445)
307
Coeli et terrae (1586)
338
Cum ad nihil (1531)
359
Cupientes Judaeos (1542)
251
Decet Romanum Pontificem (1596)
281, 344
Dum diversas (1452)
237
Ad abolendam (1184)
316
Execrabilis (1460)
46
Exsurge Domine (1521)
344
Sacrosanctae universalis ecclesiae regiminis (1515)
278
Eximiae devotionis affectus (1420)
237
Exponi nobis fecisti (1522)
243, 246, 247
Ezechielis propheta (1463)
217
Id nostri cordis (1487)
317
Illius fulciti presidio (1504)
241
In apostolicae dignitatis specula (1420)
237
In apostolicae sedis specula (1497)
386
Inter caetera (1493)
221, 241
Inter cetera quae (1456)
238
Inter coetera (1514)
194
Magnus Dominus et laudabilis nimis (1595)
281
Multa et admirabilis (1444)
305, 307
Nuper ad nos (1576)
249
Ortodoxae fidei propagationem (1486)
240
Pastor Aeternus (unpublished)
382
Pastorale officium (1537)
245â246
Pastoralis officii (1513)
7, 387
Quoniam regnatium cura (unpublished)
385
Rex regum (1418)
237
Romani Pontificis (1571)
251
Romanus pontifex (1454)
238
Sublimis deus (1537)
194, 245â246
Universalis ecclesiae (1508)
194, 242
Buonarroti, Michelangelo
8, 161â163, 170â173, 176, 226, 386
Burchard, Johann
8
Burns, James H.
40
Buttigeg, Ambrosius
293, 308, 310
Byzantine Empire
17
Caetani family
79, 113
Cajetan, Tommaso de Vio, Cardinal
26, 36, 37, 38, 47, 344, 388
Callixtus III
382
and crusades
215
and Eastern Churches
273
and missions
238
and Roman barons
87
and witchcraft
336
as patron of the arts
146
Calvin, John
349, 351
Campeggi, Lorenzo
55, 190, 350
Canary Islands
237
Capitoli
83
Capponi family
121
Capranica, Niccolò
384
Carafa family
Carlo
94, 394
Giampietro
390
Giovanni
93, 94
Olivero
176, 218
Pietro see Paul
IV
Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da
182
Cardinals
11, 42, 48, 54
and reform
395
as papal nephews
11
as protectors
55
College of
12
geographical origins of
70
gratuity (propina)
55, 66
Italianization
70
national origin
71
palatine
55
secularization of
384
social origins of
70â71
Carnesecchi, Pietro
361
Carracci, Annibale
182
Carranza, Bartolomé
363
Carvajal, Juan de
327
casino
177â178
Castro, duchy of
93
Catanei, Rosa Vannozza deâ
386
Catherine of Aragon
198, 350
Cattaneo, Alberto
317
Cauchon, Pierre
336
Cem Sultan
154, 220, 225â226
Cenci family
115
Cervia, city of
13, 85, 86, 195
Cervini, Marcello, Pope Marcellus II
278, 392
Cesarini, Giuliano
46, 187, 214
Cesena, city of
91
Chaldean Church
268
Chalkondyles, Demetrios
263
Charles de Bourbon
349
Charles de Lorraine
349
Charles IX
368
Charles of Poland
366
Charles V, Habsburg, Emperor
92, 197â198, 226, 245, 344â345, 350, 355, 372
Charles VIII of France
159, 220, 225
Chatillon, Odet de
349
Chieregati, Francesco
355
Chigi family
121
Agostino
161, 163
Chittolini, Giorgio
125
Christian II of Denmark
199, 200
Christian III of Denmark
346
Christians of Saint Thomas
238
Chrysoloras Manuel
261
Cibò, Franceschetto
88, 191
Cibò, Lorenzo
385
Città di Castello
85, 89
class structures
112â115
Clement VII
and Charles V
355
and England
350
and reform
390
and the Ethiopian Church
298
and the Reformation
347â348
as patron of the arts
167â169
diplomatic concern
197â200
Clement VIII
182
and diplomatic concerns
207
and French succession
369â370
Coeli et terrae (1586)
338
Coinage valuation
75â76
Colegio de Santa Cruz
248
Colombo, Emanuele
18, 234â258
Colonna Altarpiece
135, 136
Colonna family
14, 79, 82, 97, 113
Egidio (Romanus)
27, 31, 33
Giovanni
87
Marcantonio
96
Marcantonnio
230
Oddone, see Martin
V
Columbus, Christopher
193
Comacchio, salt flats of
19
Compactata
327â328
Conciliabulum of Pisa (1511â1512)
47
conciliar theory
44
conciliarism
11, 39
Momentum, conciliar
376â377
concordats
186, 188
Constance (1418)
16
Danish (1451)
188
French, of Bologna (1516)
196
German Concordat (1448)
16, 188
German Princes (1447)
16, 188
Spanish (1523, 1529)
194
Condottieri captains
79, 86, 88
Confraternities, Roman
Lay confraternities
122
Annunciation of via Oratoria
124
Divine Love
123
Forty Martyrs
124
Most Holy Annunciation at the Minerva
123
Recommended of the Savior
122
Recommended of the Virgin
122, 124
St. John the Beheaded
123
St. Lucy
124
St. Mary of the Consolation
124
Standardbearer
122
Congress of Mantova
17
Conrad of Gelnhausen
41â42
Consejo de la Suprema Inquisición
333
Constantinople
17
Constitutiones Egidiane see Aegidian Constitution
Constitution, Apostolic
Immensa aeterni Dei (1588)
73, 361
Licet ab initio (1542)
359
Meditatio cordis (1547)
359
Pastoralis officii munus (1562)
361
Contarini, Gasparo
356, 390â391
Conti family
79, 113
conventicle, Lutheran
362
conversion to Catholicism
207
Coptic College
295
Copts
268, 291â296
Correr
330
Corsignano see Pienza
Cosmati, Deodati
128
Cosmati, Jacopo
128
Councils
provincial councils
255
Council of Constance (1414â1418)
4, 16, 37, 41, 184, 185, 268, 375
Council of Basel-Lausanne (1431â1449)
16, 37, 216, 268, 326, 376, 380
Council of Ferrara-Florence-Rome (1437â1445)
6, 18, 38, 259â260, 265, 267â271, 288, 290, 381
Council of Goa, Third (1585)
311
Council of Lateran V
6, 11, 38, 46, 47, 48, 275, 304, 340, 387
Council of Lima, Second (1567â1568)
249
Council of Lima, Fourth (1591)
249, 255n78
Council of London (1382)
319, 320
Council of Mantua (1537)
356
Council of Mexico, First (1555)
249
Council of Mexico, Third (1585)
249
Council of Pavia-Siena (1423â1424)
41, 380
Council of Pisa (1409)
41, 269
Council of Pisa, Milan, Asti, Lyon (1511â1512)
196, 387
Council of Rome (1413)
319
Council of Trent (1545â1563)
6, 11, 36, 39, 201, 231, 254â255, 278, 300, 304, 308, 311â312, 357â358, 389, 391â395
Council of Vatican I (1870)
36
Council of Vienne (1311)
41, 315
Synod of Angamali (1583)
311
Synod of Brest (1596)
281, 282
Council of Chalcedon (451)
292
Synod of Champforan (1525)
317
Synod of Constantinople 1484, decree of
264
Synod of Diamper (1599)
282, 312
Synod of Goa II (1575)
311
Synod of Memphis (1583)
295
Synod of Sis (1341/2)
287
Court, Papal
13, 51â54
Almoner, Papal
53
Camerarii see Chamberlains
Chamber clerks
52
Chamberlains
52
Clerics of the chapel
53
Cost of
51, 54
Couriers
53
Cubicularii see Chamber clerks
Divisions of
51
Domestic prelates
52
Greek scholars
53
Household servants
53
Liturgy, papal
53
Master of the Sacred Palace
53, 339, 340
Membership of
52
San Stefano, Ethiopian monks of
53
Scutiferi see Shield-bearers
Secret court
51
Sergeants-at-arms
53
Shield-bearers
52
St. Peterâs, anchoresses of
53
Cranmer, Thomas
199, 351
creolization
253
Crescenzio, Marcello
393
CrniÄ, Thomas
347
Crusades
210â233
against Ladislas of Naples
228
against Bohemian Utraquists
228
against Christians
227â230
crypto-Judaism
332
Curia
12â13, 54â66
abbreviators
60
accountant
60
Annates
66, 67
apostolic letters, scribes of
60
Banker, papal
56, 193
Camera, Apostolic
14, 56, 95
Camera, clerics of the
56, 68
Chamberlain
12, 56
chancery location
58
Chancery, Apostolic
57, 58
Collectors
56
Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
18, 235, 256â257
Congregation of the Index
372
Congregation
65, 97
Congregazione del buon governo
98
Consistorial appointment
55
Consulta
96, 97
contradictory letters, judge of
60, 68
Corrector of bulls
68
correctors
60
Cost of
69
Curial offices, sale of
67
datarius
12, 59, 60, 61, 62
Datary
62, 394
distributor
60
Episcopal college
388
Governor of the city of Rome
56
Grand Penitentiary
12, 64
Inquisition, Roman
65, 338, 359â360
Janissaries, see solicitors of apostolic letters
Judges
61, 65
Length of career
70
Lifespan
70
Master of the register
61
Minor penitentiaries
64
notaries
65
Notary
68
Number of officials
58
Nuncios
61, 193, 396
Procurators
68
Protonotaries
57, 68
Referrers
59
Reform
72
register, clerics of
59
Registrars
62
Resignation
69
Revenues
73, 89, 94
Sacred Congregation of the Council of Trent
65, 255
Sacred Consistory
54, 94
Sacred Rota
13, 65
Sacro Consiglio see Sacred Consistory
sealers
60
Secretariat of Briefs
62
Secretariat, Apostolic
61, 68
Secretaries, domestic
61
Secretary of State
12
Secretary, intimate
62
Signature of Justice
13
Signature
59
solicitors of apostolic letters
59, 68
Taxes
67
Tenure
69
Treasurer
56
Treasury
98
Vice-chamberlain
56
Vice-chancellor
12, 57
Writers of the Penitentiary
69
Writers, apostolic
68
Dandini, Girolamo
304
Daniel of Tabriz
287
Dauphiné
316
Dawud of Antioch, patriarch
294
Decretum pro Armenis
288
Deitrich of Niem
41
Delumeau, Jean
79
demographics
15
Dengal, Lebna
297
Denha, Mar
309
Denmark
16, 188, 200, 346
Diets
Hagenau
356
Regensburg
356
Worms
345, 356
Dioscorus
292, 295
Dispensations
63
Dogana dei Pascoli
84
Domenico Domenichi
48, 382
Dominici, Giovanni
326
Donatello deâ Bardi
132, 133
Doni family
121
Dorpat
367
Duarte (Edward) of Portugal
237
Dudley, John
351
Earnest of Bavaria
204
Edward VI of England
351, 352
Einarsson, Gissur
346
Electoral capitulations
48
Elia VI
309
Eliano, Giovanni Batista
293, 304
Elias, metropolitan
310
Elizabeth I of England
203, 227, 353, 365
Encomienda
245
England
16, 198â199, 201â204
Episcopalism
49
Erard de la Marck
362
Erasmus
223, 231, 362, 371, 389
Esposito, Anna
15, 101â127
dâEste family
Alfonso
92, 195
Alfonso II
98
Cesare
98
Ippolito
368
Ethiopian practices, suppression of
284
Ethiopians
296â300
Eucharist sub utraque specie
324
Eugenius IV
46, 84, 85
and crusades
218
and diplomatic concern
187
and heresy
330â331
and mission
237
and reform
380â381
and witchcraft
336
as patron of the arts
139â142
Eutyches
292, 295
Excommunication
203
Fabi family
115
Faculty of Theology of the University of Paris
349, 370
Faenza, city of
91
Farnese family
92
Alessandro
8, 390
Ottavio
8, 93
Pier Luigi
8, 93, 201
fees for documents
13
Felipe de Berbegal
331
Ferdinand, Emperor
305
Fermo, city of
81
Fernando de Valdés
362
Ferrara, duchy of
98
Ferreri Zaccaria
246
Filarete
139â142
Finland
346
Florensz, Nicolaes (Gaudanus)
364
Florentine legacy
283
Fontana, Domenico
180
Foreigners
114â115
Forlì, city of
91
Fornovo
192
Fougeyron, Ponce
335
Four Articles of Prague
190, 326
Fra Angelico
142â145
France
205, 345â350
Francis I
17, 196, 197, 220â221
Francisco da Barcelona
303
Fratricelli de opinione
328â331
Fray Diogo da Silva
359
Frederick I
200
Frederick III
215
Frederick the Wise
198
Frederick the Wise of Saxony
343
French missionaries
289
Fugger family
193
Fugger, Jakob
161
Funchal
239
Gabriel Ibn Brutus Ibn Guriya
303
Gabriel VII, Patriarch
293, 295
GalÄwdÄwos, Negus
299
Gallery of Maps
180
Garcés, Julián
245
Gaspard, Count
349
Gazes, Theodore
263
Genitle da Fabriano
137
Gentile da Fabriano
151
George of Christ
310, 311
George of PodÄbrady, King of Bohemia
190, 327
George of the Cross
312
George of Trebizond
262
Georgians
290â291
Gergis Sulayman al-Qubursi
304
German College
396
Gerson, Jean (1363â1429)
37, 41, 42, 45, 46, 269
Ghibelline
14
Ghinucci, Girolamo
344
Ghirlandaio, Domenico
150
Ghislieri, Michele
361
Giacomo della Marca
330
Giacomo di Buronzo
316
Gibbon, Edward
265
Giles of Viterbo
161, 222
Giordano, Silvano
16, 184â219
Giotto di Bondone
130, 131
Giustiniani family
121
Paolo
274
Tommaso
47
Goa
239
Godunov, Boris
279
governors
83
Gozzoli, Benozzo
143
Gratian
38
Greece
331
Greek college in Rome
263, 276
Greek emigration to the West
261
Gregory III of Constantinople, Patriarch
272
Gregory VII
25
Gregory XI
319
Gregory XII
81
Gregory XIII
and diplomatic concern
203
and missions
244
and noble titles
96
and patronage of art
178â180
and reform
396
and Spain
363
and the Church of the East
312
calendar reform
12, 178
Gregory XV
256
grievances, conciliar
376
Grimaldi family
121
Gryphon
303
Gudziak, Borys
280
Guelph
14
Guidobaldo da Montefeltro
92
Guillaume de Peyre Godin
335
Gutenberg, Johannes
338
Hall of Constantine
167â168, 224
Hamilton, Alastair
295
head of St. Andrew
223
Helena of Lithuania
277
Henrique, Cardinal
310
Henry de Guise
206
Henry II of France
349
Henry IV, Bourbon, of France and Navarre
206â207
Henry of Langenstein
41, 42
Henry of Valois
367
Henry the Navigator
194, 237
Henry VIII of England
198, 220, 350, 352
Herbest, Benedict
280
Hereford, Nicholas
320
Historian
Baron, Hans
4
Burckhardt, Jacob
4
Bzowski, Abraamo
1
Chacón, Alfonso
2
Alfonso V
237
Ciccarelli, Antonio
1
Creighton, Mandell
2
Jedin, Hubert
3, 41, 48
Kristeller, Paul Oskar
4
Michelet, Jules
4
Morales Cabrera, Francisco
2
OâMalley, John
3, 375â397
Panvino, Onofrio
1
Papal
1â4
Pastor, Ludwig von
2
Ranke, Leopold von
2
Sacchi, Bartolomeo (Platina)
1
Stringa, Giovanni
1
Voigt, Georg
4
Hobbes, Thomas
28
Hohenzollern, Albrecht von
344, 347
Holy Lance
154
Holy of Holies chapel of the Lateran
122
Hosius, Stanislaus
205, 366
Hospices, Roman, based on nations
124â125
S. Ambrogio
124
S. Giacomo
124
S. Giovanni
124
S. Maria dellâAnima
124
San Tommaso
124
Hospitals, Roman
Incurables
123
S. Giacomo in Augusta
109, 124
Santo Spirito in Sassia
108, 123
Hostiensis (Henry of Seguisa)
32, 42
Housley, Norman
219
Hübner, Johannes
322
Huguenots
178, 349
Hulst, François vander
361
Humanism
4
Hungary
189, 205
Hunyadi, John
214
Hus, Jan
228, 321â323
Hussites
228
Iceland
346
Ignatius Naâmatallah
306
Ignatius of Loyola
389
Ignatius Petrus Dawud II Shah
305, 306
Ignatius Shimâun Shukr-allah Ibn Niâmatallah al-Daddagh
306
Ignatius V
304
Imola, city of
86, 88, 91
Indexes
370
Indulgences
13, 219
Innocent VIII
and diplomatic concerns
88, 191â192
and heresy
317
and mission
240
and reform
385
and witchcraft
337
as patron of the arts
154
tomb of
154
Inquisition, Portuguese
194, 255
Inquisition, Spanish
255, 332â334
Institoris (Kramer), Henricus
337
Inter multiplices (1487)
339
Investing
121
Investiture Conflict
25â26
Iosyf of Kyiv, Metropolitan
264
Ireland
203
Isidore of Kyiv, Metropolitan
262, 272, 276
Ivan III of Moscow
191, 277
Ivan IV of Russia
279
Jacob, Mar
309
Jacob of Mies
324
James IV of Scotland
354
James V of Scotland
354
James VI of England and Scotland
365
James of Viterbo (Giacomo Capocci)
27, 28, 29
JamometriÄ, Andija
229
Jean de Monluc
367
Jean de Roma
348
Jean Le Maître
336
Jeremiah II Tranos of Constantinople
279, 280
Jerome of Prague
323â324
Jesi of Naples
85
Jesuit missionary methods
256
Jews
115â117
Coexistence
116
Intolerance
117
Loan banks
116
Joanna of Naples
82
Job of Moscow, Patriarch
279
Johannes, Monachus
42
John III of Sweden
204
John Mair
47, 48
John of Capistrano
327
John of Paris
37
John of Ragusa
41
John of Segovia
41, 44
John Suid SulÄqÄ
307, 308
John VIII Paleologus
214
John XI of Alexandria, Patriarch
291
John XXII
328, 335
John XXIII
81
as antipope
130, 132
tomb of
130, 132, 133â134
Joseph, Mar
310
Josyf I of Kyiv
277
Juan de SanmartÃn
332
Juan de Torquemada
26, 36, 37, 48
Juan of Beruit
303
Jubilee year
of 1300
130
of 1400
134
of 1423
134
of 1450
142, 189
of 1475
111, 148
of 1600
6
Judaizing
297
Julius II
195
and crusades
222
and England
350
and mission
239, 241
and reform
386â387
and the Papal States
91
as patron of the arts
160â165
tomb of
172â173
Julius III
and land acquisition
93
and Mary Tudor
352
and the Church of Antioch
305
and the Church of the East
307
and the Council of Trent
357, 393
as patron of the arts
175
diplomatic concern
201
Katherin Jagellon of Poland
365
Keroularios, Patriarch Michael
259
Knightood, Papal
Of Loreto
53
Of Pius
53
Of St. George
53
Of St. Paul
53
Of St. Peter
53
Of the Lilly
53
Knox, John
354
Kydones, Demetrios
266
Ladislas of Naples
14, 79, 81
LaÃnez, Diego
367, 368
Laskaris, Janos
263
Laski, archbishop of Gniezno, Jan
277
de Laude, Gabrielle
52
Leo X
8, 17, 47, 72
and crusades
222
and Eastern Churches
274
and land disputes
89
and Martin Luther
343â345
and missions
239
and reform
387
and religious institutions
123
and the Ethiopian Church
297
and the Spanish Inquisition
334
as patron of the arts
165â167
diplomatic concern
196â197
Lerma, Gonzalez de
59
Letters of the Church
64
Letters, Papal
57
Leuven, University of
370
Liber pontificalis
1
Ligorio, Pirro
177
Lippomano, Luigi
366
Lollard
319
Loreto, Shrine of
224
Loschi, Antonio (1368â1441)
8
Louis of Orleans
324
Louis XII of France
92, 195, 220
Luther, Martin
13, 220, 223, 230, 334, 342â345, 379, 388
Machiavelli, Niccoló
7, 371
Madeira
236
Malatesta, Novello
86
Malatesta, Roberto
86
Malatesta, Sigismondo
86
Malleus maleficarum
337
Mamluks
213
Manfredi, Taddeo
85â86
Mantegna, Andrea
154
Manuel I of Portugal
239, 358
Marcellus II
175, 278
Margaret of Austria
8
MarÃa de Cazalla
334
Marie de Guise
354, 364
Mark V of Alexandria
296
Maronite college
304
Maronites
268, 303â304
MÄrquos of Ethiopia, patriarch
297
Marquos, Abuna
297
Martin V (1417â1431)
9, 46, 82
and crusades
214
and diplomatic concern
185â186
and heresy
320, 322, 326
and Jubilee
134
and mission
237
and reform
379â380
and the Eastern Church
268
and the Fratricelli
329â330
and witchcraft
336
as patron of the arts
134â139
Mary Tudor
201
Maryam, Kefla
294
Masaccio da Panicale
135
Mascoli, Gabriele
71
Masolino da Panicale
135, 136
Mathew of Armenia
297
Mattingly, Garrett
219
Maximilian I, Emperor
220
Maximillian III of Austria
368
Mazzolini, Silvestro
344
McIlwain, Charles Howard
33
dâMedici family
120, 187
Alessandro
8
Catherine
368
Cosimo the Elder
187
Francesco Maria
93
Giovanni
191, 385
Giovanni di Bicci
133
Giuliano
92
Guido
52
Lorenzo (The Magnificent)
7
Lorenzo
7, 92â93, 229
Mehmed I
213
Mehmed II
214, 260
Melozzo da Forlì
148, 149
Mendes, Afonso
300
Mendoza y Pacheco, Antonio de
246
merchant bankers
110, 115
merchant families
113
Merici, Angela
389
Meserve, Margaret
17, 210â223
Mestizos
249
Michelotti, Biordo dei
81
Michelozzo Michelozzi
132, 133
Mignanelli, Beltramo
212
Miguel de Morillo
332
Military Conflict
Agnadello, Battle of (1509)
195
Alcácar, Battle of (1578)
211
Belgrade, Battle of (1456)
210
Blackbirds, Field of the (1389)
212
Cambrai, War of the League of
92
Cologne, War of (1577)
204
Constantinople, Fall of (1453)
214, 259
Cueta, Conquest of (1415)
193, 232n54, 236
Cyprus, Battle of (1570)
226, 230, 260
Cyprus, Defense of (1538)
211, 226, 230
Granada, Battle of (1492)
221
Italian Wars
90, 91, 94
Lepanto, Battle of (1571)
211, 226, 230
Malta, Defense of (1565)
226
Marignano, Battle of (1515)
196
Mohacs, Battle of (1521)
225
Mühlberg, Battle of (1547)
201, 356
Nicopolis, Battle of (1396)
210
Otranto, Fall of (1480)
190, 210, 218
Pazzi War (1478â1479)
229
Rhodes, Siege of (1480)
210, 218
Siege of (1521)
211
Rome, Sack of (1527)
93, 169, 355, 390
Ruthenians and Tatars, War againt (1503)
228
Spanish Armada (1588)
229, 353
St. Bartholomewâs Day Massacre (1572)
369
Varna, Battle of (1444)
17, 210, 214, 260
Vienna, Siege of (1529)
211, 225, 261
White Mountain, Battle of the (1620)
232
Minas, Negus
299
Minnich, Nelson H.
1â25, 51â77, 303â313
Modena, city of
92, 93, 98
Modigliani, Anna
119
Mohelnice, Anton Brus z
205
Monte della Fede
94
Montefeltro family
82
Morone, Giovanni
359, 361, 393, 395
Mosé
305
Mousa Saade el-Akari Kafroun
304
Murad II
214
Musurus, Marcus
263
Native peoples
artistic representation of
159
as clergy and religious
247â249
Baptism of
250
Condemnation of enslavement of
244
Defense of
244â247
Education of
246
Marriage of
251
Penance of
252
Sacraments of
249â252
Society of Jesus ban on admission of
248
training and ordination of
247
Nephon II, Patriarch
264
nepotism
88
Neri, Philip
389
Netherlands
361
new laws
246
Nicholas de Albis
52
Nicholas of Cusa
41, 42, 381
Nicholas V
8, 85
and crusades
215, 218
and diplomatic concern
189â190
and heresy
316, 327
and mission
237
as patron of the arts
142â145
Nicolò da Massaccio
331
Nielsen, Laurentius (Norvegus)
204, 365
Nobili, Roberto di
312
nomination of bishops
205
Norvegus, see Nielsen
Nunciatures of reform
204
OâMalley, John W.
20, 375â397
Oakley, Francis A.
11, 25â50
opinio
328
Ordelaffi family
82
Order of Christ
194
Ordinances (Laws) of Burgos (1512)
245
Orsini family
14, 79, 83, 97, 113
Gerolamo
330
Napoleone
87
Paolo Giordano
96
Our Lady of Victory (Rosary)
230
Páez, Pedro
300
Palazzo Venezia
147
Paliano, duchy of
94, 96
Pallavicino family
121
Parampil, Thomas
306, 312
Parlements of France
348
Parma, city of
92, 93
pase regio
194, 242
passion play
125
patronage of missions, royal
235â242
rights of patronage
194
patrons of art and letters
8
Paul II
as patron of the arts
147â148
Paul III
8, 72, 372
and Charles V
356
and mission
239
and reform
382, 390â393
and support of native people
246
and the Council of Trent
357
and the Ethiopian Church
298
as patron of the arts
170â175
diplomatic concern
200â201
Paul IV
175â176
and diplomatic concerns
202
and England
353
and reform
393â394
and the Inquisition
359â360
and the Reformation
349
Pavia, city of
380
Pazzi conspiracy
190, 384
Pelagius, Alvarus
27, 33
Peraudi, Raymond
219
Peretti, Michele
97
Perron, Jacques David du
207
Perugino, Pietro
150
Pesaro, city of
85, 92
Peter of Ethiopia
296
Petit, Jean
324
Petrarch, Francesco
9, 134
Petros, Walatta
300
Philip II, Habsburg of Spain
93, 352â353, 363
Philip IV of France
26
Philip Habsburg of Portugal
203
Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy
214â215
Philippines
249
Photios, Patriarch
259
Piacenza, city of
92, 93
Piccinino, Jacopo
87, 88
Piccinino, Niccolò
85
Piccolomini, Aeneas Sylvius, Pope Pius II
215
Piccolomini, Antonio
87
Piedmont
316
Pienza
146
Pietri, Olaf
199
Pietro da Ferrara
303
Pinelli family
121
Pinturicchio, Bernardino
154â159
Pisanello
137, 151
Pius II
8, 17
and crusades
215â217
and diplomatic concern
190
and heresy
317, 327â328
and land acquisition
87
as patron of the arts
146â147
Pius IV
and artistic reform
176â177
and censorship
371
and judicial action
94
and the Church of the East
310
and the Council of Trent
357
diplomatic concern
202â203
Pius V
8, 230
and diplomatic concern
203
and England
353
and fiefdoms
96
and missions
244
and Spain
363
as patron of the arts
178â180
tomb of
231
Plousiadenos, John
266, 273
Poissy Coloquies
368
Poland
16, 189, 316, 346â348, 366
Pole, Reginald
201, 352â353, 359, 390â390
Ponte Sisto
148
Pontelli, Baccio
150
Pope(s)
and censorship
370â372
and crusades
210â233
and wariness of councils
375
as administrators
10
as arbiters
17
as common father of all Christians
16, 185
as fathers of illegitimate children
7
as foreigners
9
as Italian princes
7â8, 342
as leading reprehensible private lives
342
as morally discredited
342
as prisoners
20
as religious
10
as secular clergy
10
average ages
10
education
9â10
elected by cardinals
10â11
fatherâs occupation
9
financial support of the crusades
226
personalities
21
Porta, Giacomo della
179â180
Portugal
203, 358
Possevino, Antonio
365
Pragmatic sanction
187
Prester John
238
printed works, censure of
338â340
Prodi, Paolo
79
Prokop the Great
326
Provinces of Papal States
83
Bologna
81, 83â85, 196
Campagna and Marittima
83
Marche
83
Patrimony, the
83
Perugia
81, 83
Romagna
83
Spoleto (Umbria)
83, 89
Public abjuration
207
Public events
125
Quastenberg, Jakob
59
Querini, Pietro (Vicenzo)
38, 47, 274
Rabelais, François
371
Raphael Rooms (Stanze)
163â164
Rahoza, Michael
281
Ravenna, city of
85, 93
rector, papal official in provinces of Papal States
83
Reggio, city of
92, 93, 98
Regis, Thomas
59
Religious orders
and missions
243â244
Mendicant churches
122
Mendicant orders
389
Augustinians, Observant
122
Barnabites
389
Dominicans
122
Franciscans
122
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
244, 248, 256, 367, 389
Theatines
389
Ursulines
389
Repington, Philip
320
Residences, embassies, diplomatic
193
Riario, Girolamo
7, 87, 88, 150
Riario, Pietro
383
Riario, Raffaelle
150
Riccardi Antoine
348
Ricci, Matteo
312
Ricci, Sebastiano
232
Ricciarelli, Daniele (da Volterra)
177
Rijkel, Denys van
42
Rimini, city of
86, 91
Rochette, Louis
348
RodrÃguez, Christóforo
293
Roman College
396
Roman index of prohibited books
371, 396
Romano, Antoniazzo
159
Romanus Pontifex
194
Romanus, Aegidius (Egidio Colonna)
27, 31, 33
Rome, commune institutions
102â105
Camera Urbis see Capitoline Chamber
Capitoline Chamber
103
Caporioni see Heads of the principal districts
Capotori see Constables
Conservators
103
Consiglio generale see council, general
Consiglio privato see council, private
Constables
104
Council, General
104
Council, Private
104
Felice Società dei Balestrieri e Pavesati see Felicitious Society of Crossbowsmen and Shieldbearers
Felicitious Society of Crossbowsmen and Shieldbearers
101
Heads of the principal districts
103
Internationalization of Rome
114
Maestri de li deifitii see supervisors of edifices
Maestri di strada see supervisors of the streets
Magistrato Romano see Roman Magistrate
Magistri stratarum see Supervisors of the streets
President delle Strade see President of the Streets
President of the Streets
104
Roman Magistrate
103
Senator
101, 102
Supervisors of edifices
104
Supervisors of the streets
102
Supervisors of the streets
104
Rome, city
administrative structures
15
religious life of
15, 122â125
sanitary conditions of
110
social structures
15
urban landscape of
105â111
Districts (Rioni)
105â108
urban plan for Rome
142
Rome, economy of
117â121
Agricultural production
119
Bank houses
120
Cattle raising
119
Center of consumption
118
Economic growth
117
Financial market
120
Immigration
117
Service and hospitality industries
118
Trade
119
Urban real estate income
120
Rome, roads in
111
via Alessandrina
111
via Giulia
111, 161
via Leonina
111
via Pia
111
Roselli, Antonio de
38
Rosselli, Cosimo
151
Rossellino, Bernardo
146
Rossi, Luigi
52
Rovere, della, family
Francesco Maria
7, 92
Guliano
150, 151, 383
Leonardo
150
Rowland, Ingrid
15â16, 128â183
Roz, Francisco
311
Ruggieri, Giulio
367
S. Stefano degli Abissini
298
Sacranus, Johannes
277
Sadoleto, Jacopo
52
Safar ibn Mansur Qotai
306
Sager, Peter
316
Sala Regia
178â179
sale of minerals
13
sale of offices
62
Salmerón, Alfonso
366
Salone Sistino
181
Santacroce family
115
Sanzio, Raffaello
8, 161, 166â170
Sauli family
121
Savanarola, Girolamo
192
Savelli family
79, 84, 113, 115
Savelli, Jacopo
87
Scholarios, Gennadios
267
Scotland
354
Scrofa, Modesto
338
Sebastian of Portugal
203
Selim I (1516)
225
Seminary of Santa Fe
248
Seymour, Edward
351
Seymour, Jane
351
Sforza family
Caterina
88
Francesco
85
Galeazzo Maria
85
Guido Ascanio
8, 390
Shaw, Christine
13, 78â100
Shimun IX Dinkha
308
Siena, city of
380
Sigismund II Augustus of Poland
346â347, 367
Sigismund III, Vasa of Poland and Sweden
205, 366, 368
Simeon Ibn Hassah of Hadeth
304
Simon VIII DenhÄ
307â309
Simone da Candia
331
simony
387
Sistine Chapel
150, 161â163
Sixtus IV (1471â1484)
7, 59, 229
and crusades
217â218
and indulgences
217
and printed works
339
and reform
383â385
and the Spanish Inquisition
332
as patron of the arts
148â153
diplomatic concern
190
tomb of
152â153
Sixtus V
11â12, 73, 229
and England
353
and papal authority
97
and reorganization of the curia
73, 361
as patron of the arts
180â181
Skarga, Peter
280
Sobieski, Jan
232
Societas peregrinatium
287
Spain
362
Spanocchi family
120â121
Spirituali / zealoti
359
Sprenger, Jacobus
337
St. Peters, New
164
Stanza dâEliodoro
224
Stefaneschi, Jacopo
130
Stuart, Mary
354, 364
Suleyman II (1520â1566)
17
Summis desiderantibus affectibus (1484)
337
Susenyos
300
Sweden
16, 199, 204, 346, 365
Symeon I of Constantinople, Patriarch
272
Syrian Church
268
Taborites
325
Taxes, Roman
hearth
95
real estate
121
salt
95
sussidio trennale
95
Temudo, George
310
Tetzel, Johannes
345
Theological differences, Latin and Greek
266, 270
Beatitude of the saints
266
Eucharistic bread
266
Filioque see Procession of the Holy Spirit
Papal primacy
266
Procession of the Holy Spirit
266, 273
Purgatory
266
Theophanes of Jerusalem, Patriarch
Theresa of Avila
389
Thomas Christians
308â312
destruction of their literary patrimony
284
Thomas of York
29
Timothy of Tarsus
307
Timur
212
Titian
172â175
Tivoli, city of
89
Todi, city of
89
Tolfa, alum mines at
13, 90, 94
Torquemada, Juan de
26, 36, 37, 48
Torquemada, Tomás de
333
Traversari, Ambrogio
262
Treaties /Leagues /Agreements
Alcáçovas, Treaty of (1479)
194
Augsburg Interim (1548)
201
Augsburg, Religious Peace of
202
Cambrai, League of (1509)
195
Cateau-Cambrésis, Treaty of (1559)
90, 202
Catholic League (1576)
206
Cave, Treaty of (1557)
202
Cognac, League of (1526)
198
Crepy, Peace of (1544)
357
Holy League (1495)
192, 196
Italian League (1455)
190
Lodi, Peace of (1454)
192, 215, 218
Mantua, Congress of (1459)
216
Schmalkalden, League of
356
Tordesillas, Treaty of (1494)
194
Vervins, Treaty of (1598)
6, 17, 207
Tridentine index
371
Trinci family
84
Trolle, Gustav
199
Tsamvlak, Hryhory
268
Tudeschis, Nicholas de
41
Tudor, Mary
352
Tunis
226
tyrannicide
324
Union of Florence
267â272, 304
Uniting Brethren
287
Urbino, duchy of
92
Utraquists
325
Val Pellice
316
Valignano, Alessandro
312
Varano family, da
84
Vasa, Gustav
199, 346
Vasari, Giorgio
178â179
Vassalletto cloisters
129
Vassalletto, Pietro
128
Vatican
109
Library
142, 148
Palace
161
Vecchietti, Giovanni Battista
294
Venal offices
13, 121
Vergerio, Pier Paolo (1370â1444)
8
Vespaisano da Bisticci
102
Vicariate, papal
79
Vicenza, city of
356
di Vico family
84
Villa Giulia
175
Vilnius, city of
367
de Vio, Thomas see Cajetan, Cardinal
Visconti, Filippo Maria
82, 84, 85
Visconti, Giangaleazzo
14, 79, 81
Vitelleschi
84
Vitelli, Niccolò
89
Vladislas II Jagiello
328
Waldburg, Gebhard Truchsess von
204
Waldensians
315â317
Waldo
315â316
Wilks, Michael
34
Witchcraft
335â338
Wladyslaw III
214
Wolsey, Thomas
198, 350
Wyclif, John
317â319, 323, 325
Xavier, Francis
389
Yahballah IV
308
Yawsep (Mar Joseph)
309
YosÄb
299
Yost, Charles C.
18, 259â302
Yuhanna Al-Jaji
303
Zabarella, Francesco
41, 43, 45
Za-Dengel, Negus
300
Zahara, Antonino
293, 308, 310
ZbynÄk, ZajÃc
322
Žižka, Jan
326
Zoe Palaiologina
191