Acknowledgements
We are indebted to Peter Huemer for bringing us together as a team and to Ole Karsholt for initiating the project. They have been the most important contacts for questions that arose again and again during the preparation of the manuscript. Likewise we thank Marko Mutanen who joined the editorial team and has provided invaluable insight into matters relating to DNA barcoding.
Special thanks to the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (Guelph, Canada), whose sequencing work performed by Genome Canada was funded by the Government of Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute.
We particularly thank Jan Správce and Zdenek Laštůvka, who reviewed the completed manuscript.
We are most grateful to Cornelia Schlup-Sonderegger for permission to use the wing venation drawings made by her late father, Peter Sonderegger. Peter was working on a book on Depressariidae of Switzerland for which he had excellent illustrations and much bionomic information on which we have drawn heavily, but his untimely death left that project unfinished.
Frédéric Rymarczyk and Monique Dutheil have very generously allowed us to use their extensive data on host-plants of Depressariidae resulting from their fieldwork in France.
Mark Shaw, NMSE, Edinburgh, United Kingdom obligingly wrote the paragraph on parasitoids in the chapter on Bionomics.
Only the help of many colleagues has made it possible to complete the present volume, whether as curators of public collections or as private collectors. They enabled access to specimens of the European species under their care, for photography, preparation of genitalia slides and genetic studies, and helped with finding all the scientific literature needed. Only museum collections could provide specimens of species which have declined or not been found in Europe for decades. On the other hand, for genetic examination relatively fresh specimens are necessary, these were easier to find in private collections. Studies of the range of variation in each species, both externally and in genital characteristics made it necessary to examine many individuals of a species, preferably spread over its entire distribution area. This provided data on host-plants, phenology and overall distribution. In order to understand the relationships of some groups of species, it was also necessary to include non-European species in the studies.
We are indebted to all the following who assisted us in one way or another.
Leif Aarvik, NHM, Oslo, Norway; David Agassiz, Weston-super-Mare, United Kingdom; Hazumu Arashima, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Günter Baisch, Biberach, Germany; Giorgio Baldizzone, Asti, Italy; Zsolt Bálint, HNHM, Budapest, Hungary; Patrizio Barberis, Italy; Hannes Baur, NMBE, Bern, Switzerland; Stella Beavan, Zeal Monachorum, United Kingdom; Knud Bech, Ølsted, Denmark; Bengt Å. Bengtsson, Färjestaden, Sweden; Kai Berggren, Kristiansand, Norway; Jan-Olov Björklund, Herräng, Sweden; Hans Blackstein, Rathenow, Germany; Stella Brecknell, OUMNH, Oxford, United Kingdom; Rudolf Bryner, Biel, Switzerland; Uwe Büchner, ZfBS, Reden, Germany; Ulf Buchsbaum, ZSM, Munich, Germany; Danielle Czerkaszyn, OUMNH, Oxford, United Kingdom; Michael Dale, Talke, United Kingdom; Georg Derra, Reckendorf, Germany; Hans-Peter Deuring, Blumberg, Germany; Helmut Deutsch, Bannberg, Austria; Monique Dutheil, Nice, France; Marek Dvořák, Smrčná, Czechia; Gyulay Fábián, Budapest, Hungary; Per Falck, Nexø, Denmark; Michael Falkenberg, SMNK, Karlsruhe, Germany; Imre Fazekas, Pécs, Hungary; Gabriele Fiumi, Forli, Italy; Sabine Gaal-Haszler, NHMW, Vienna, Austria; Jose Manuel Gaona, Cadiz, Spain; Javier Gaston, Getxo, Spain; Christian Gibeaux, Avon, France; Paolo Glerean, MFSN, Udine, Italy; Stanislav Gomboc, Kranj, Slovenia; Friedmar Graf, Bautzen, Germany; Keld Gregersen, Sorø, Denmark; Theo Grünewald, Landhut, Germany; Thomas Guggemoos, Ohlstadt, Germany; Danijela Gumhalter, Stuttgart, Germany; Bert Gustafsson, Stockholm, Sweden; Heinz Habeler (+), Graz, Austria; Penny Hale (+), Casares, Spain; Alfred Haselberger, Traunstein, Germany; Robert Heckford, Plympton, United Kingdom; Marcel Hellers, Bissen, Luxemburg; Martin Honey, NHMUK, London, United Kingdom; Peter Huemer, TLMF, Hall, Austria; Catrin Hühne, NLMB, Braunschweig, Germany; Fernando de Juana, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Jari Junnilainen, Vantaa, Finland; Urmas Jürivete, Tallinn, Estonia; Lauri Kaila, ZMUH, Helsinki, Finland; Christian Kaiser, Rötha, Germany; Jari-Pekka Kaitila, Vantaa, Finland; Claudia Kamcke, NLMB, Braunschweig, Germany; Rudolf Keller, Dachau, Germany; Muhabbet Kemal, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey; Sibel Kızıldağ, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey; Ahmet Koçak (+), Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey; Andreas Kopp, Simach, Switzerland; Stanislav Korb, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Zoltán Kovács, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania; Jaakko Kullberg, ZMUH, Helsinki, Finland; Bernard Landry, MHNG, Genève, Switzerland; Jean-François Landry, AAFC/AAC, Ottawa, Canada; John Langmaid (+), Southsea, United Kingdom; Knud Larsen, Dyssegård, Denmark; Alejandro A. Lázaro, Galicia, Spain; David Lees, NHMUK, London, United Kingdom; Patrice Leraut, MNHN, Paris, France; Martin Lödl, NHMW, Vienna, Austria; Alexander Lvovsky, ZIN, St. Petersburg, Russia; Geoff Martin, NHMUK, London, United Kingdom; Anton Mayr, Feldkirch, Austria; Ruben Meert, Lebbeke, Belgium; Heidrun Melzer, Leipzig, Germany; Wolfram Mey, ZMHB, Berlin, Germany; Joël Minet, MNHN, Paris, France; Carlo Morandini, MFSN, Udine, Italy; Lucio Morin, Ronchi dei Legionari, Italy; Rolf Mörtter, Kronau, Germany; Marko Mutanen, Zoological Museum, Oulu, Finland; Steve Nash, St Mellion, United Kingdom; Wolfgang Nässig, Senckenberg, Gemany; Jacques Nel, La Ciotat, France; Erik J. van Nieukerken, RMNH, Leiden, The Netherlands; João Nunes, Valongo, Portugal; Kari Nupponen (+), Espoo, Finland; Timo Nupponen, Espoo, Finland; Matthias Nuß, MTD, Dresden, Germany; Eivind Palm, Højer, Denmark; Gabriel Pastoralis, Komárno, Slovakia; Charles Perez, Gibraltar; Pedro Pires, Southampton, United Kingdom; Colin Plant, Bishops Stortford, United Kingdom; Luis O. Popa, MGAB, Bucharest, Romania; Hossein Rajaei, SMNK, Karlsruhe, Germany; Emili Requena, Igualada, Spain; Hans Retzlaff, Lage, Germany; Ignác Richter, Malá Čausa, Slovakia; Ivan Richter, Prievidza, Slovakia; Oliver Rist, Graz, Austria; Jürgen Rodeland, Mainz, Germany; László Ronkay, HNHM, Budapest, Hungary; Jorge Rosete, Louriçal, Portugal; Hartmut Roweck, Kiel, Germany; Teet Ruben, Harjumaa, Estonia; Walter Ruckdeschel, Übersee, Germany; Frédéric Rymarczyk, Nice, France; Paul Sammut, Rabat, Malta; Klaus Sattler, NHMUK, London, United Kingdom; Nikolay Savenkov, LDM, Riga, Latvia; Benjamin Schattanek-Wiesmair, TLMF, Hall, Austria; Jürg Schmid, Illanz, Switzerland; Willibald Schmitz (+), Bergisch Gladbach, Germany; Tina Schulz, Rodenberg, Germany; Andreas Segerer, ZSM, Munich, Germany; Rudi Seliger, Schwalmtal, Germany; Christian Siegel, Fussach, Austria; Sergey Sinev, ZIN, St. Petersburg, Russia; Peder Skou, Stenstrup, Denmark; Jan Skyva, Prague, Czechia; Peter Sonderegger (+), Biel, Switzerland; Jan Správce, Ľubomír Srnka, Lehota pod Vtáčnikom, Slovakia; Mihai Stănescu, MGAB, Bucharest, Romania; Wolfgang Stark, Trübensee, Austria; Hartmuth Strutzberg, Weimar, Germany; Jan Šumpich, NMPC, Prague, Czechia; Czaba Szabóky, Budapest, Hungary; Jukka Tabell, Hartola, Finland; Tom Tams, United Kingdom; Gerhard Tarmann, TLMF, Hall, Austria; Franz Theimer, Berlin, Germany; Ian Thirlwell, Southsea, United Kingdom; Giovanni Timossi, Preganzio, Italy; Zdenko Tokár, Šal’a, Slovakia; Robert Trusch, SMNK, Karlsruhe, Germany; Kevin Tuck, NHMUK, London, United Kingdom; Thierry Varenne, Nice, France; Francesca Vegliante, Langebrück, Germany; Ebbe Vesterhede, Denmark; Antonio Vives Moreno, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain; Andreas Werno, Nunkirchen, Germany; Christian Wieser, KLM, Klagenfurt, Austria; Wolfgang Wittland, Wegberg, Germany; Hans-Peter Wymann, NMBE, Bern, Switzerland; Josep Ylla, Barcelona, Spain; Xiaoju Zhu, SDAU, Tai’an, China; Alberto Zilli, NHMUK, London, United Kingdom; Boyan Zlatkov, BAS-IBER, Sofia, Bulgaria.