All translations from Russian, German, and Latin are the author’s own unless specified otherwise. The Library of Congress Transliteration System was employed to render Russian words and expressions, including personal and geographical names, into English with a slightly simplified form that omits diacritics (thus, ratnyi and not ratnyĭ, etc.). The exceptions were made in the main text, but not while transliterating Russian titles in the footnotes and bibliography, for personal and geographical names that have an established English form, such as “Peter”, “Alexei”, “Moscow”, etc. Where Russian words and family names were used in plural, an “i” respectively “y” has been added (e.g. Naryshkiny instead of Naryshkins). All dates are given in accordance with the Julian Calendar which had been in use in 17th-century Russia and Protestant Europe. While citing some few accounts of Catholic travellers to Russia who used the modern Gregorian Calendar, two dates are specified (e.g. 20/30 Mai). The year counting relies on the modern AD era. In a few instances where I reference the Creation Mundi era, used in Russia before 1700, it is explicitly indicated.
Note on Translation, Spelling, and Dates
in European Military Books and Intellectual Cultures of War in 17th-Century Russia
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