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Does the dictum multum in parvo (much in little) apply to the many creative possibilities inherent in constraints? If so, how do creative individuals leverage constraints to explore and exploit surprising possibilities, and produce remarkable creative outcomes? I propose that diverse, interactive focusing constraints are the building blocks of creativity. First, they form uniquely rich sources of variability, that frame and guide creative problem-solving, by providing diverse epistemic and experiential anchors. Second, processes often associated with creative thinking, such as mind-wandering, mindfulness, and perspective-taking, can be conceptualized as methods of guiding the search for focusing constraints. Third, creativity can start with either a problem or a solution, mapping onto creative adaptation—given the constraints of a particular problem, what is a creative solution?—and creative exaptation—given the constraints of a particular solution, what is another problem to which elements of the solution or the entire solution can be applied?
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Tromp, C. (2024). Creativity from constraint exploration and exploitation. Psychological Reports, 127(4), 1818–1843. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221114421
Tromp, C. (2023a). Integrated constraints in creativity: Foundations for a unifying model. General Review of Psychology, 27(1), 41–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/10892680211060027
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Tromp, C., & Baer, J. (2023). Focusing the search for creative outcomes in STEM education: The role of constraints [Invited chapter]. In D. Tillman (Ed.), Creativity loves constraints. Springer.
Tromp, C., & Glăveanu, V. P. (2023). A model of creative aging (MOCA): Unlocking the potential of constraints for creativity in older adults. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000538
Tromp, C., & Sternberg, R. J. (2022a). How constraints impact creativity: An interaction paradigm. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/aca0000493
Tromp, C., & Sternberg, R. J. (2022b). Dynamic creativity: A person × task × situation interaction framework. Journal of Creative Behavior, 56(4), 553–565. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.551
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