Figures
1.1 Inscription du WÄdÄ« Ê¿Aṣīla au Nord-Est de La Mecque signée par Ê¿Umar b. WahrÄn et datée du premier siècle de lâhégire, Q. 66â : 28-40 20
2.1 Saint Petersburg, National Library of Russia, Marcel 21b, 3b. Courtesy National Library of Russia 32
2.2 Saint Petersburg, National Library of Russia, Marcel 21b and Codex A8 (Marcel 16). Courtesy National Library of Russia 47
3.1 Detail from MS Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, Mingana Islamic Arabic 1572b, f. 3r, l. 22. © Cadbury Research Library 56
3.2 Random example of the dot system according to the position, number and colour of the round dots. Detail from MS Paris, BnF, Arabe 330, f. 6r, l. 2. © BnF 59
3.3 a) Detail from Table IV in Carsten Niebuhr, Beschreibung von Arabien (Kopenhagen, 1772); b) Detail from Jelmer Hinlopen, Dissertatio philologica (Utrecht, 1775) 62
3.4 Detail from MS Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek, Ma VI 165, f. 2 v, l. 4â6. © Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen 86
3.5 Detail of a lacuna in MS Paris, BnF, Arabe 327, f. 6v, l. 1, i.e., in ajniḥatin mathnÄ (Q. 35: 1), and the different formats for transcribing it in ArQuM, XML, XML TEI and TXT. © BnF 88
3.6 Details from MSS Paris, BnF, Arabe 337 c; Arabe 6982; Arabe 349 f; Arabe 341 b and Arabe 5178 f. © BnF 90
3.7 Details from MS Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek, Ma VI 165. © Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen 92
3.8 a) Detail of two red dots at the end of ḥurrimat before áºuhÅ«ru-ha (Q. 6: 138) from MS Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, Mingana Islamic Arabic 1572b, f. 8 v. © Cadbury Research Library; b) Detail of a red line sign between ḥaá¹£irat and á¹£udÅ«ru-hum (Q. 4: 90) from MS Paris, BnF, Arabe 330b, f. 3 v. © BnF 94
3.9 Detail from MS Tübingen, Universitätsbibliothek, MA VI 165, f. 2 r, l. 3, showing the sequence CiCa with the two dots placed vertically (ʾinna and rabbika in Q. 17: 57). © Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen 96
4.1 Paris, BnF, Arabe 349e, f. 104r, l. 3: lahumÅ« ʾÄlihatun. © BnF 107
4.2 Paris, BnF, Arabe 351, f. 8v, l. 4: alará¸i (main reading) and al-ʾará¸i (green). © BnF 108
4.3 Paris, BnF, Arabe 378, f. 44r, l. 5: alará¸i. © BnF 109
4.4 Arabe 378, f. 4r, l. 3: alinsÄnu. © BnF 109
4.5 Arabe 378, f. 19r, l. 2â3: alÅ«läÌ. © BnF 109
4.6 Arabe 349e, f. 104v, l. 5: alará¸a. © BnF 110
4.7 Arabe 351, f. 1r, l. 2: mūminun (main reading), muʾminun (green). © BnF 110
4.8 Arabe 378, f. 13v, l. 1: mūminīna. © BnF 111
4.9 Arabe 349e, f. 118v, l. 4: yÄtÄ«hi. © BnF 111
4.10 Arabe 378, f. 1r, l. 1: lahumu ttafaqū, #ʾittafaqū. © BnF 120
4.11 Arabe 378, f. 11v, l. 4â5: yukadhdhibÅ«na ḥshurÅ«, #ʾuḥshurÅ«. © BnF 120
4.12 Arabe 378, f. 1v, l 1: rabbihimÅ« ʾillÄ. © BnF 122
4.13 Arabe 378, f. 31v, l. 2 rabbukum, l. 3: rabbu. © BnF 122
4.14 Arabe 351, 12v, l. 1: ṯamanaÉ´=qalÄ«lan ʾu[lÄʾika]. © BnF 124
4.15 Arabe 378, f. 37v, l. 3: man huwa. © BnF 124
4.16 Arabe 334l, f. 164r, l. 3â4: minaḥadin ḥattÄ. © BnF 125
4.17 Arabe 6982, f. 2r, l. 3: al-jahra. © BnF 126
4.18 Berlin, SB, Petermann I 38, f. 9r, l. 4: as-samÄÄʾi. © SB, image from its website 126
4.19 Arabe 351, f. 1r, l. 2: fa-ʾulÄʾika. © BnF 129
4.20 Arabe 351, f. 3r, l. 2: an-nisÄʾi. © BnF 129
5.1 Kairouan. Modern monument, with a QurʾÄnic inscription in gold on a blue background (Q 35:1â3) inspired by the Blue QurʾÄn. © François Déroche 133
5.2 Ms Kairouan/RaqqÄda, National Museum of Islamic Art, R 197 (Blue QurʾÄn), f. 5.17 r. Q 33: 31â34. Script, with examples of mashq and end of line fillings (l. 10). Diacritical punctuation of fÄʾ (l. 4). Traces of the original division of the verses (1.1.1) below the silver rosettes (3.1.3) at the end of l. 2. © INP/RaqqÄda, NMIA 143
5.3 Coll. Hamid Jafar, f. 1.42 v. Q 3:199â4:2. Courtesy of the Hamid Jafar collection 147
5.4 Ms Kairouan/RaqqÄda, National Museum of Islamic Art, R 197, f. 5.10 v. Q 29: 47â51. Examples of the âfour-denticleâ orthography of bi-ÄyÄtinÄ (l. 3 and 10). © INP/RaqqÄda, NMIA 155
5.5 Ms Kairouan/RaqqÄda, National Museum of Islamic Art, R 197, f. 6.9 r. Q 43: 81â88. Diacritical punctuation of qÄf (l. 14). Traces of the ruling. 1.A.I roundel with abjad numeral (fÄʾ = 80). In the margin, 5.D.II ornament for ten verses. © INP/RaqqÄda, NMIA 156
5.6 Ms Kairouan/RaqqÄda, National Museum of Islamic Art, R 197, f. 6.8 v. Q 43: 71â80. Variant reading (qirÄʾa) in Q 43 :71 (l. 2). 1.A.I roundel with abjad numeral (Ê¿ayn = 70). © INP/RaqqÄda, NMIA 156
5.7 Ms Kairouan/RaqqÄda, National Museum of Islamic Art, R 57 a, f. 281 v. Final illumination of a D IV copy of the QurʾÄn: frame with text (Q 113: 1â4). © INP/RaqqÄda, NMIA 167
5.8 âBindingâ of the first seventh of the Blue QurʾÄn (early eleventh/seventeenth century). © Private collection 174
6.1 Tehran, National Museum of Iran, MS 4289, with the rejection of scriptio continua. © National Museum of Iran 198
6.2 Originally Shiraz, Pars National Museum, MS 548; the folio is now kept in Houston (Museum of Fine Arts, 2011.402), with the rejection of scriptio continua. © Pars National Museum 199
6.3 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 22go, with the rejection of scriptio continua. © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 199
6.4 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 37go, with the rejection of scriptio continua. © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 200
6.5 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 3548go, with the rejection of scriptio continua. © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 200
6.6 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 4932goj, with the rejection of scriptio continua. © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 201
6.7 Karbala, Shrine of Imam al-Ḥusayn, MS 43, connected to MS 401a in the Bodleian Library (Oxford), with the rejection of scriptio continua. © Shrine of Imam al-Ḥusayn 201
6.8 London, British Library, MS Or. 1397, with the rejection of scriptio continua. The British Library archive 202
6.9 Copenhagen, Royal Library, MS Cod. Arab. 36, with the rejection of scriptio continua. © The Royal Library, Copenhagen 202
6.10 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 3004goj, donated by Ibn SimjÅ«r to the Shrine of Imam al-Riá¸Ä in 383/993. © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 203
6.11 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 3013goj, presented to an unknown sanctuary in Isfahan in 327/939, later to the shrine in Mashhad by KishwÄd b. ImlÄs. © ÄstÄn-I Quds Library 203
6.12 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, Colophon of a QurʾÄn copied and illuminated by Ê¿AbbÄs al-Maá¹£ÄḥifÄ« al-QazwÄ«nÄ«, dated 389/999â391/1001 AH in Rayy. © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 204
6.13 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 3011goj, copied and illuminated by Ê¿AbbÄs al-Maá¹£ÄḥifÄ« al-QazwÄ«nÄ«, fourth/tenth century. © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 204
6.14 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 3035goj, dedicated by Aḥmad b. JaÊ¿far al-QummÄ« (fourth/tenth century). © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 205
6.15 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 3058goj, copied and illuminated by Ê¿UthmÄn b. al-Ḥusayn al-WarrÄq al-GhaznawÄ« (462/1070â466/1073). © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 205
6.16 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 3059goj, copied and illuminated by Ê¿UthmÄn b. al-Ḥusayn al-WarrÄq al-GhaznawÄ« (462/1070â466/1073). © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 206
6.17 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 3200goj, dedicated by Ê¿AlÄ« b. al-Ḥusayn al-Musharraf al-NishÄbÅ«rÄ« (540/1145â1146). © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 206
6.18 Mashhad, ÄstÄn-i Quds Library, MS 2224go, the transcriberâs postscript which emphasizes the rejection of scriptio continua. © ÄstÄn-i Quds Library 207
7.1 Ṣundūq 53. © Institut national du patrimoine, LNCPMP, Raqqada, Kairouan 216
7.2 Rutbī 06. © Institut national du patrimoine, LNCPMP, Raqqada, Kairouan 217
8.1 Second frontispice dâun coran (f. 2vâ3r), probablement à Nishapur, 427/1035. Londres, The British Library, Add. 7214, 18.5 à 14 cm. The British Library archive 232
8.2 Colophon dâun coran (f. 73vâ74r), probablement à Nishapur, 427/1035. Londres, The British Library, Add. 7214, 18.5 à 14 cm. The British Library archive 233
8.3 Page dâun coran (f. 170r), probablement à Nishapur, 427/1035. Londres, The British Library, Add. 7214, 18.5 à 14 cm. The British Library archive 234
8.4 Colophon dâun coran (f. 286r), probablement à Nishapur, IVe/XIe siècle. Istanbul, Musée des arts turcs et islamiques, ms 449, 17 à 12.5 cm. © Turk and Islamic Art Museum, Istanbul 235
8.5 Double-page dâun coran copié par AbÅ« al-QÄsim Ê¿AlÄ« b. Ê¿Abdallah b. al-Ḥusayn (f. 99vâ100r), probablement à Nishapur, 412/1021. Istanbul, TKS, HS 89, 16.3 à 12 cm. © The Directorate of National Palaces, Topkapı Palace Manuscripts Collection, Istanbul, Turkey 236
8.6 Colophon dâun coran (f. 175r), probablement à Nishapur, 428/1036. Dublin, Bibliothèque Chester Beatty, ms Is. 1430, 9.3 à 7.7 cm. © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin 237
8.7 Double-page finale dâun coran (f. 82vâ83r), probablement à Nishapur, Ve/XIe siècle. Istanbul, TKS, EH 109, 14 à 10 cm. © The Directorate of National Palaces, Topkapı Palace Manuscripts Collection, Istanbul, Turkey 238
8.8 Frontispice dâun coran (f. 3vâ4r), probablement à Nishapur, Ve/XIe siècle. Londres, The British Library, Or. 13312, 7 à 5 cm. The British Library archive 239
8.9 Double page finale dâun coran (f. 161v-162r), probablement à Nishapur, Ve/XIe siècle. Istanbul, TKS, EH 39, 28.7 à 20.5 cm. © The Directorate of National Palaces, Topkapı Palace Manuscripts Collection, Istanbul, Turkey 239
8.10 Double-page initiale dâun Coran (f. 1v-2r), probablement à Nishapur, Ve/XIe siècle. Istanbul, TKS, EH 109, 14 à 10 cm. © The Directorate of National Palaces, Topkapı Palace Manuscripts Collection, Istanbul, Turkey 240
8.11 Vignette chevauchant un médaillon marginal. Istanbul, TKS, HS 89 et Londres, BL, Add. 7214. The British Library archive 240
8.12 Bandeau en tête dâune sourate. Londres, BL, Or. 13312 et Istanbul, TKS, EH 109. © The British Library archive et The Directorate of National Palaces, Topkapı Palace Manuscripts Collection, Istanbul, Turkey 241
8.13 Fleur de tulipe dans lâenluminure de trois corans 241
8.14 Marqueurs de textes marginaux montrant une division en sept. Londres, BL, Add. 7214, f. 41r. The British Library archive 242
8.15 Marqueurs dâheures de prières. Istanbul, TKS, HS 89, f. 7vâ8r. © The Directorate of National Palaces, Topkapı Palace Manuscripts Collection, Istanbul, Turkey 242
8.16 Première page dâun coran. Londres, BL, Add. 7214. The British Library archive 243
9.1 Coran, Inde, première moitié du VIIIe/XIVe siècle. Doha, Museum of Islamic Art, MS.259.2003, f. 4vâ5r. © Museum of Islamic Art 257
9.2 Coran, Inde (?) 667/1269. Londres, Khalili Collection, QUR573, f. 2v-3r. Nour Foundation, avec lâaimable autorisation du Khalili Family Trust 257
9.3 Coran, Gwalior (Inde), 801/1398. Toronto, Aga Khan Museum, AKM0028, f. 303vâ304r. Avec lâaimable autorisation de lâAga Khan Museum 258
9.4 Coran, Inde, fin du VIIIe/XIVe siècle. Dallas Museum of Art, Keir collection, K.1.2014.1407. Avec lâaimable autorisation de Ranros Universal SA 258
9.5 Feuillet de coran, Inde, IXe/XVe siècle. Paris, Institut du Monde arabe, AI 13.04. © Institut du Monde arabe 259
9.6 Glose en zigzag (détail), feuillet de coran, Inde, IXe/XVe siècle. Paris, Institut du Monde arabe, AI 13.04. © Institut du Monde arabe 260
9.7 Coran, Inde, début du Xe/XVIe siècle. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Arabe 7260, f. 1091vâ1092r. © Bibliothèque nationale de France 261
9.8 Coran, Inde, deuxième moitié du IXe/XVe siècle. Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, W.563, fol. 4r. Avec lâaimable autorisation du Walters Art Museum 261
9.9 Détail des lectures disposées en marge, feuillet de coran, Inde, IXe/XVe siècle. Paris, Institut du Monde arabe, AI 13.04. Avec lâaimable autorisation de lâInstitut du Monde arabe 262
9.10 Feuillet de Coran, Inde, Xe/XVIe siècle. Leyde, Ter Lugt Collection 221. © Leiden, Ter Lugt Collection 262
10.1 Madrid, BNE, MSS/5212, f. 1vâ2r. © Biblioteca Nacional de España 269
10.2 Madrid, BNE MSS/4907/1 [C], f. 105vâ106r. © Biblioteca Nacional de España 270
10.3 Toledo, BCLM 235, f. 25râv. © Ministerio de Cultura, España 273
10.4 a) Madrid, CSIC, Resc/39E, f. 87v. © CSIC, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás; b) Madrid, CSIC, Resc/58B.1, f. 4v. © CSIC, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás; c) Madrid, CSIC, Resc/101D2, f. 6v-7r. © CSIC, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás 288â290
10.5 a) Aix-en-Provence, Bibliothèque Méjanes 1367, f. 17vâ18r. © Bibliothèque Méjanes; b) Madrid, BRAH 11/9402 (olim T5), f. 33vâ34r. © Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia 292
10.6 a) âCorán de Salónicaâ, Paris, BnF Arabe 447, f. 1r.; b) Madrid, CSIC, Resc/25, f. 1v. © Bibliothèque nationale de France 294â295
10.7 a) Madrid, BNE, MSS/4982/5A, f. 3vâ4r. © Biblioteca Nacional de España; b) Madrid, BNE, MSS/4983/1, f. 2vâ3r. © Biblioteca Nacional de España 297â298
10.8 a) Madrid, CSIC, Resc/51, f. 4v. © CSIC, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás; b) Madrid, CSIC, Resc/52.1, f. 14v. © CSIC, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás; c) Madrid, CSIC, Resc/47, f. 2v. © CSIC, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás; d) Madrid, CSIC, Resc/18, f. 12vâ13r. © CSIC, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás 307
Tables
1.1 Exemples de variantes du texte coranique attribuées à Ibn Masʿūd 7
1.2 Typologie de la nature des variantes de lecture à lâaune du ḥadÄ«th sur les sept modes dâexpression du Coran 10
1.3 Parenté entre les variantes de la poésie préislamqiue et celles du texte coranique 12
1.4 Quelques exemples de taqdÄ«m/taʾkhÄ«r dans la version dâIbn MasÊ¿Å«d 19
1.5 Comparaison de Q. 66â : 28-40 selon lâédition du Caire et lâinscription de WÄdÄ« Ê¿Aṣīla 21
1.6 Comparaison de variantes de lecture attribuées à Ibn Masʿūd à travers les époques et auteurs 23
2.1 The dotting of the simple denticle 33
2.2 The letters fÄʾ and qÄf 34
2.3 The variations of the letter shīn 34
2.4 Comparison of the letter shapes 37
2.5 Comparison with dated materials 42
2.6 List of manuscripts in oblong format and palaeographical similarities with LH/A and LH/A-A series 44
2.7 Orthography of bi-lladhī (Q. 29: 46) 49
4.1 Uṣūl Warsh as attested in manuscripts with yellow dot hamza 112
4.2 Uṣūl Warsh as attested in manuscripts with red dot hamza 113
4.3 The specific variations of Arabe 378 114
4.4 Vocalisation practices of of Warsh Ê¿an NÄfiÊ¿ manuscripts 127