Abbreviations
| 1978 Vienna Convention | Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties, signed on 23 August 1978, entered into force on 6 November 1996, st/leg/ser.e/10, in: 17 i.l.m., 1978, 1488 |
| 1983 Vienna Convention | Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of State Property, Archives and Debts, signed on 8 April 1983, not yet in force, in: 22 i.l.m., 1983, 306 |
| ad | Annual Digest of Public International Law Cases: Being a Selection from the Decisions of International and National Courts and Tribunals, ed. by Sir Hersch Lauterpacht, Longmans, Green & Co., 1919–1949 |
| afdi | Annuaire français de droit international |
| ajil | American Journal of International Law |
| Annuaire idi | Annuaire de l’Institut de Droit international (Institute of International Law) |
| asdi | Annuaire suisse de droit international |
| Atlam | Hazem M. Atlam, Succession d’Etats et continuité en matière de responsabilité internationale, doctoral thesis, Université de droit, d’économie et des sciences d’Aix-Marseille (France), 1986, 526 p |
| Barde | Jacques Barde, La notion de droit acquis en droit international public, Publ. univ. de Paris, 1981 |
| Bardonnet | D. Bardonnet, La succession d’Etats à Madagascar: succession au droit conventionnel et aux droits patrimoniaux, lgdj, 1970 |
| Bedjaoui | Mohammed Bedjaoui, “Problèmes récents de succession d’Etats dans les Etats nouveaux”, Rec. des cours, t. 130, 1970–ii |
| Bernhardt | R. Bernhardt (ed), Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, v. 10, North Holland, Max Planck Institute, 1984 |
| BGBl. | Bundesgesetzblatt (German Federal Law Gazette) |
| Bijelić case | Bijelić v. Montenegro and Serbia, echr App no 19890/05, Judgment, 11 June 2009 |
| Booysen | Hercules Booysen, “Succession to Delictual Liability: A Namibian Precedent”, 24 Comp. & Int’l l.j. s. Afr., 1991, |
| Brockman-Hawe | Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe, “Succession, the Obligation to Repair and Human Rights; The European Court of Human Rights Judgment in the Case of Bijelić v. Montenegro and Serbia”, 59(3) iclq 2010 |
A. Buser, “Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The caricom Claim for Reparations” 77 Heidelberg jil 2017, 409–446, kfg Working Paper No. 4 |
|
| BverfGE | Bundesverfassungsgericht |
| Cavaglieri, Effets | Arrigo Cavaglieri, “Effets juridiques des changements de souveraineté territoriale”, in: Annuaire i.d.i., 1931–i |
| Cavaglieri, Règles | Arrigo Cavaglieri, “Règles générales du droit de la paix”, Rec. des cours, v. 26, 1929–i |
| cis | Commonwealth of Independent States |
| Comp. & Int’l l.j. s. Afr. | Comparative & International Law Journal of Southern Africa |
| Cotran | Eugene Cotran, “Some Legal Aspects of the Formation of the United Arab Republic and the United Arab States”, 8 iclq 1959 |
| Crawford, State Responsibility | J. Crawford, State Responsibility: The General Part, cup, 2013 |
| Crawford, Brownlie’s | J. Crawford, Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law, 8th ed., oup, 2013 |
| Croatia Genocide Convention case | Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia), Judgment of 3 February 2015, icj Rep. 2015 |
| cup | Cambridge University Press |
| Czaplinski | Wladyslaw Czaplinski, “State Succession and State Responsibility”, 28 Canadian y.i.l., 1990, 339–359 |
| D’Argent | Pierre D’Argent, Les réparations de guerre en droit international public, Bruylant, 2002 |
| Degan | Vladimir D. Degan, “Création et disparition de l’Etat (à la lumière du démembrement de trois fédérations multiethniques en Europe)”, Rec. des cours, t. 279, 1999 |
| Dumberry, Rebellions | P. Dumberry, Rebellions and Civil Wars: State Responsibility for the Conduct of Insurgents, cup 2021 |
| Dupuy & Kerbrat | P.-M. Dupuy & Y. Kerbrat, Droit international public, 15th ed., Dalloz, 2020 |
| echr | European Court of Human Rights |
| E.C. Bull. | Bulletin des communautes europeennes |
Pierre Michel Eisemann, “Emprunts russes et problèmes de succession d’Etats”, in: P. Juillard & B. Stern, (eds), Les emprunts russes et le règlement du contentieux financier franco-russe, Paris, Cahiers internationaux n°16, 2002 |
|
| Eisemann & Koskenniemi | Pierre Michel Eisemann & Martti Koskenniemi (Dir.), La succession d’Etats: la codification à l’épreuve des faits / State Succession: Codification Tested Against the Facts, Hague Academy of International Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publ., 2000 |
| ejil | European Journal of International Law |
| EuGRZ | Feilchenfeld Europäische Grundrechte-Zeitschrift Ernst H. Feilchenfeld, Public Debts and State Succession, Macmillan, 1931 |
| fln | Front de libération nationale |
| focp | United Kingdom Foreign Office Confidential Paper |
| For. Rel. | American State Papers, Foreign Relations, Foreign Relations (United States) |
| frg | Federal Republic of Germany |
| fry | Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |
| Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros case | Case Concerning the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia), Judgment of 25 September 1997, icj Reports 1997, 3 |
| Ga.J.Int’l.& Comp.L. | Georgia Journal of International and Comparative law |
| gdr | German Democratic Republic |
| Geo. Wash. Int’l L. Rev. | George Washington International Law Review |
| gpo | Government Printing Office (United States) |
| Gruber | Annie Gruber, Le droit international de la succession d’Etats, Publ. faculté de droit de l’Université René Descartes (Paris v) & Bruylant, 1986 |
| Guggenheim | Paul Guggenheim, Traité de Droit international public, v. i, Librairie de l’Université, 1953 |
| Hawaiian Claims case | F.H. Redward and Others (Great Britain) v. United States, US-Great Britain Arbitral Commission, Award of 10 November 1925, in: unriaa vol. 6, 157; in: 20 a.j.i.l., 1926, 382; in: Annual Digest, 1925–1926, case no. 59, 80 |
| hjlp | Hawaiian Journal of Law and Politics |
| Hyde | Charles Cheney Hyde, International Law Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied by the United States, vol. i, 2nd ed., Little, Brown & Co., 1945 |
| Hurst | Cecil J.B. Hurst, “State Succession in Matters of Tort”, 5 British y.i.l., 1924, 163–178 |
International Court of Justice |
|
| icj Rep. | International Court of Justice Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders |
| iclq | International and Comparative Law Quarterly |
| iil or Institute | Institute of International Law |
| iil, Final Report, Kohen | Institute of International Law, “Final Report” on “State Succession in Matters of State Responsibility”, Rapporteur Marcelo G. Kohen, 28 June 2015, in: (2015) 76 Annuaire de l’Institut de Droit international, 511ff |
| iil, Resolution 2015 | Institute of International Law, State Succession in Matters of State Responsibility, 14th Commission, Rapporteur. M.G. Kohen, Resolution, 28 August 2015 |
| iil, State Succession in Matters of Property, 2001 | Institute of International Law, State Succession in Matters of Property and Debts, Resolution, Session of Vancouver, 2001, in: 69 Annuaire i.d.i, 2000–2001 |
| ila | International Law Association |
| ilc | International Law Commission |
| ilc’s Articles on State Responsibility, 2001 | Titles and Texts of the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts Adopted by the Drafting Committee on Second Reading, 26 July 2001, a/cn.4/l.602/Rev.1 |
| ilc, Commentaries, State Responsibility, 1996 | Commentary to the Draft Articles on State Responsibility Adopted by the Commission on First Reading, Report of the ilc on the Work of its Forty-eighth Session, 1996, A/51/10, chap. iii, in: Yearbook ilc, 1996, vol. ii (Part Two), 58–65 |
| ilc, Commentaries, State Responsibility, 2001 | Commentaries to the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts Adopted by the International Law Commission at its Fifty-Third Session (2001), November 2001, Report of the ilc on the work of its Fifty-third Session, Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10), ch. iv.E.2), 59ff. |
| ilc, Commentaries, 2019 | “Text of the Draft Guidelines and Commentaries”, provisionally adopted, in ilc, “Report on the Work of its 71st Session”, 2019, A/74/10, 2019, chap. vii |
“Text of the Draft Guidelines and Commentaries”, provisionally adopted, in: ilc, “Report on the Work of its 72th Session”, 2021, A/76/10, 2021, chap. vii |
|
| ilc, Commentaries, 2022 | “Text of the Draft Guidelines and Commentaries”, provisionally adopted, in ilc, “Report on the Work of its 73rd Session”, 2022, A/77/10, chap. vii |
| ilc, Draft Articles on Nationality | Draft Articles on Nationality of Natural Persons in Relation to the Succession of States, adopted by the ilc on second reading in 1999, ilc Report, A/54/10, 1999, chp. iv, paras. 44 and 45, in: Yearbook ilc, 1997, vol. ii, 13 |
| ilc, Ninth Report Bedjaoui, 1977 | “Ninth Report on Succession of States in Respect of Matters Other than Treaties”, M. Bedjaoui, Special Rapporteur, 28th session, 1977, a/cn.4/301 and Add.1, ilc Report, A/32/10, 1977, ch. iii(A)(1), par. 49, in: Yearbook ilc, 1977, vol. ii, 45 |
| ilc Report, 70th Session, 2018 | “Report on the Work of its 70th Session”, 2018, A/73/10, chap. x, at para. 255 |
| ilc, Second Report Bedjaoui, 1969 | “Second Report on Succession of States in Respect of Matters Other Than Treaties”, Mohammed Bedjaoui, Special Rapporteur—Economic and Financial Acquired Rights and State Succession, a/cn.4/216/Rev.1, in (1969) ii Yearbook ilc |
| ilc Special Rapporteur Šturma, First Report, 2017 | “First Report on Succession of States in Respect of State Responsibility’, Special Rapporteur Pavel Šturma, 69th sess., 31 May 2017, a/cn.4/708 |
| ilc Special Rapporteur Šturma, Second Report, 2018 | “Second Report on Succession of States in Respect of State Responsibility”, Special Rapporteur Pavel Šturma, 70th sess. April 2018, a/cn.4/719 |
| ilc Special Rapporteur Šturma, Third Report, 2019 | “Third Report on Succession of States in Respect of State Responsibility”, Special Rapporteur Pavel Šturma, 71st sess., 2 May 2019, a/cn.4/731 |
“Fourth Report on Succession of States in Respect of State Responsibility”, Special Rapporteur Pavel Šturma, 72nd sess., 7 March 2020, a/cn.4/743 |
|
| ilc Special Rapporteur Šturma, Fifth Report, 2022 | “Fifth Report on Succession of States in Respect of State Responsibility”, Special Rapporteur Pavel Šturma, 73rd sess., 1 April 2022, a/cn.4/751 |
| ilc, Statement, Grossman Guiloff, 2019 | Succession of States in respect of State responsibility, “Statement, Chair of the Drafting Committee, Claudio Grossman Guiloff”, 31 July 2019 |
| ilc, Statement, Galvão Teles, 2021 | Succession of States in respect of State responsibility, “Statement, Chair of the Drafting Committee, Patrícia Galvão Teles”, 28 July 2021 |
| ilc, Statement, Park, 2022 | Succession of States in respect of State responsibility, “Statement of the Chair of the Drafting Committee Mr. Ki Gab Park”, 14 July 2022 |
| ilm | International Legal Materials |
| ilr | International Law Reports |
| Int’l Law. | International Lawyer. |
| Jakubowski, State Succession | Jakubowski, A., State Succession in Cultural Property, oup, 2015 |
| Jap. ail | Japanese Annual of International Law |
| jdi | Journal du droit international (Clunet) |
| Jenning & Watts | Sir Robert Jenning & Sir Arthur Watts, Oppenheim’s International Law, vol. i (Peace: Introduction and Part 1), 9th ed., Longman |
| J. Trib. | Journal des Tribunaux (Belgium) |
| jorf | Journal Officiel de la République Française (France) |
| Kaplane | A. Kaplane, “Succession of States in Respect of State Responsibility: Towards Yet Another Vienna Convention?”, Riga Graduate School of Law Research Papers, No. 23 |
| Keith | A.B. Keith, The Theory of State Succession with Specific Reference to English and Colonial Law, 1907 |
M.G. Kohen, “Succession of States in the Field of International Responsibility: The Case for Codification”, in: M.G. Kohen, R. Kolb, & D. Tehindrazanarivelo (dir.), Perspectives of International Law in the 21st Century. Liber amicorum Professor Christian Dominicé in Honour of His 80th Birthday (M. Nijhoff 2011) |
|
| Kohen & Dumberry | Marcelo G. Kohen & Patrick Dumberry, The Institute of International Law’s Resolution on State Succession and State Responsibility: Introduction, Text and Commentaries, cup 2019 |
| La.L.Rev. | Louisiana Law Review |
| Lighthouse Arbitration case | Sentence arbitrale en date des 24/27 juillet 1956 rendue par le Tribunal d’arbitrage constitué en vertu du Compromis signé à Paris le 15 juillet 1932 entre la France et la Grèce, French-Greek Arbitral Tribunal, Award of 24/27 July 1956, in: unriaa vol. 12, 155; in: 9 r.h.d.i., 1956, 176; in: 23 i.l.r., 1956, 81 |
| lnts | League of Nations Treaty Series |
| mats | Mixed Arbitral Tribunals |
| Malloy | William M. Malloy, Treaties, Conventions, International Acts, Protocols and Agreements between the United States of America and other Powers, 1776–1909, several volumes, gpo, 1910–1938. |
| Marek | Krystyna Marek, Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law, Librairie Droz, 1968, |
| Mikulka, State Succession | V. Mikulka, ‘State Succession and Responsibility’, in: J. Crawford, A. Pellet & S. Olleson (eds), The Law of International Responsibility, oup 2010 |
| Md.L.Rev. | Maryland Law Review |
| Monnier | Jean Philippe Monnier, “La succession d’Etats en matière de responsabilité internationale”, 8 afdi, 1962, 65–90 |
| Moore, Digest | John Bassett Moore, A Digest of International Law, several volumes, gpo, 1906. |
| Moore, History | John Bassett Moore, History and Digest of the International Arbitrations to which the United States has been a Party, several volumes, gpo, 1898 |
Minister of Defence, Namibia v. Mwandinghi, Supreme Court of Namibia, 25 October 1991, in: 1992 (2) sa 355 (NmS), in: 91 i.l.r., 358 |
|
| Mwandinghi case, Namibia, High Court | Mwandinghi v. Minister of Defence, Namibia, High Court, 14 December 1990, in: 1991 (1) sa 851 (Nm), in: 91 i.l.r., 343 |
| Nielsen | Fred K. Nielsen, American and British Claims Arbitration, Report, gpo, 1926 |
| njw | Neue Juristische Wochenschrift |
| nyu jil & Pol. | New York University Journal of International Law & Politics |
| Oeter | Stefan Oeter, “German Unification and State Succession”, 51(2) ZaöRV, 1991 |
| O’Connell, The Law of State Succession, 1956 | D.P. O’Connell, The Law of State Succession, cup 1956 |
| O’Connell, Recent Problems | D.P. O’Connell, “Recent Problems of State Succession in Relation to New States”, Rec. des cours, t. 130, 1970–ii |
| O’Connell, State Succession, vol. i | D.P. O’Connell, State Succession in Municipal Law and International Law, vol. i, cup, 1967 |
| ÖBGBl. | Österreichische Bundesgesetzblatt (Austrian Federal Law Gazette |
| oup | Oxford University Press |
| ÖZöR | Österreichische Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht |
| ÖZöRV | Österreichische Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht (Austrian Journal of Public and International Law) |
| Pablo Nájera case | Pablo Nájera (France) v. Mexico, Decision no. 30–A, 19 October 1928, in: unriaa v. v, 466, Annual Digest, 1927–1928, 52 |
| Pajnkihar | Grega Pajnkihar, State Succession to Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts, Brill, 2023 |
| Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway case | Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway case, Judgment of 28 February 1939, pcij, Series A/B, no. 76 |
| pca | Permanent Court of Arbitration |
| pcij | Permanent Court of International Justice |
Miriam Peterschmitt, La succession d’Etats et la responsabilité internationale pour fait illicite, Mémoire de des, Université de Genève/Institut Universitaire de hautes études internationales (Switzerland), 2001, 87 p |
|
| raace | Recueil des arrêts et avis du Conseil d’Etat (Belgium) |
| rbdi | Revue belge de droit international |
| Rec. des Cours | Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law |
| rdh | Revue des droits de l’homme |
| rdi | Rivista de diritto internazionale |
| rdilc | Revue de droit international et de législation comparée |
| R.E. Brown case | R.E. Brown (United States) v. Great Britain, US-Great Britain Arbitral Commission, Award of 23 November 1923, in: unriaa vol. 6, 120; in: 5 British y.i.l., 1924, 210; in: a.j.i.l., 1925, 193; in: Annual Digest, 1923–1924, case no. 35, 69 |
| Rec. Lebon | Recueil des décisions du Conseil d’Etat (France) |
| rdtam | Recueil des décisions des tribunaux arbitraux mixtes institués par le Traité de Paix, 10 vols., Librairie de la société du recueil sirey, 1922–1930 |
| redi | Revista Española de Derecho Internacional |
| rfda | Revue française de droit administratif |
| rgdip | Revue générale de droit international public |
| rhdi | Revue hellénique de droit international |
| rjda | Recueil de jurisprudence du droit administratif et du Conseil d’Etat (Belgium) |
| rjpuf | Revue juridique et politique de l’Union française |
| Rousseau | Charles Rousseau, Droit international public, several volumes, Sirey, 1977 |
| Ruy & Baecke | Tom Ruy & Tomas Baecke, “Haunted by The Past? Belgium’s international responsibility for the atrocities of the Congo Free State and the question of State succession in matters of international responsibility”, Grili Working Paper No. 6 (also in: (2021) Revue belge de droit international, 477) |
| Samos case | Samos (Liability for Torts) Case, Greece, Court of the Aegean Islands, 1924, N° 27, in: Thémis, vol. 35, 294, in: Annual Digest, 1923–1924, at 70 |
| Sastry | t.s.n. Sastry, State Succession in Indian Context, Dominant Publ. & Dist., 2004 |
| sfry | Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |
| Shaw | Malcolm Shaw, International Law, 8th ed., cup, 2021 |
| sj Res. | Senate Joint Resolution (United States) |
B. Stern, “General Concluding Remarks”, in: Brigitte Stern (ed), Dissolution, Continuation and Succession in Eastern Europe, Martinus Nijhoff Publ., 1998 |
|
| Stern, Responsabilité | Brigitte Stern, “Responsabilité internationale et succession d’Etats”, in: Laurence Boisson De Chazournes & Vera Gowlland-Debbas (eds), The International Legal System in Quest of Equity and Universality/L’ordre juridique international, un système en quête d’équité et d’universalité. Liber amicorum Georges Abi-Saab, M. Nijhoff, 2001, 327–355 |
| Stern, Succession | Brigitte Stern, “La succession d’Etats”, Rec. des cours, t. 262, 1996 |
| Šturma, State Succession | Pavel Šturma, “State Succession in Respect of International Responsibility”, (2016) 48 George Washington ilr |
| Schwarzenberger | Georg Schwarzenberger, International Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, v. i, 3rd ed., Steven & Sons 1957 |
| Trb. | Tractatenblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (Treaty Journal of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
| ucla jilfa | University of California in Los Angeles Journal of International Law & Foreign Affairs |
| Udina | Manlio Udina, “La succession des Etats quant aux obligations internationales autres que les dettes publiques”, Rec. des cours, t. 44, 1933–ii, |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| ukts | United Kingdom Treaty Series |
| UN | United Nations |
| uncc | United Nations Compensation Commission |
| unts | United Nations Treaty Series |
| ussr | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
| usts | United States Treaty Series |
| ust | United States Treaties and Other International Agreements |
| U.Ill.L.Rev. | University of Illinois Law Review |
| unriaa | United Nations Reports of International Arbitral Awards |
| tias | Treaties and Other International Acts Series |
| Vergara Lamadrid | Ana Paola Vergara Lamadrid, La obligación de reparar en el marco de una sucesión de Estados, Thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Perú, Lima, 2022 |
Versailles Treaty, signed on 28 June 1919, entered into force on 10 January 1920, in: The Treaties of Peace 1919–1923, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1924; in: u.k.t.s. 1919, No. 8 (Cmd. 223) |
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| Verzijl | J.H.W. Verzijl, International Law in Historical Perspective, t. vii (State Succession), A.W. Sijthoff, 1974 |
| Verzijl, Jurisprudence | J.H.W. Verzijl, The Jurisprudence of the World Court: A Case by Case Commentary, vol. i, A.W. Sijthoff, 1965 |
| Weston & Lillich | Burns H. Weston & Richard B. Lillich, International Claims: Their Settlement by Lump Sum Agreements, Univ. Press of Virginia, 1975 |
| Weston et al. | Burns H. Weston, Richard B. Lillich & David J. Bederman, International Claims: Their Settlement by Lump Sum Agreements, 1975–1995, Transnational Publ., 1999 |
| VfSlg | Sammlung der Erkenntnisse und wichtigsten Beschlüsse des Verfassungsgerichtshofes” (Compendium of Judgments and Most Important Decisions of the Constitutional Court, Austria) |
| vru | Verfassung und Recht in Ubersee (Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America) |
| Volkovitsch | Michael John Volkovitsch, “Righting Wrongs: Toward a New Theory of State Succession to Responsibility for International Delicts”, 92(8) Colum. L.Rev., 1992, 2162–2214 |
| VVDStRL | Veroffentlichungen der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer |
| W. Va. lr | West Virginia Law Review |
| Yale Stud.World po | Yale Studies in World Public Order |
| Yearbook ilc | Yearbook of the International Law Commission |
| ZaöRV | Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht |