3.1 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Oratory-Laboratory detail, The Theosopher. Universitätsbibliothek Basel, Shelfmark: JG 10. By permission of the Universitätsbibliothek Basel 3
3.2 Faivre’s three proto-theosophers: Valentin Weigel (1533–1588) Wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek der Stadt Trier/Stadtarchiv. Heinrich Khunrath (1560–1605) Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna. Johann Arndt (1555–1621) Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève 12
3.3 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Oratory-Laboratory, detail. Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Duveen D 897. By permission of the Department of Special Collections, Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53
3.4 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Calumniators, detail, central image. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 55
3.5 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), II. 211 Multiple levels of Exegesis Allard Pierson PH3246. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 67
3.6 Khunrath, L’Amphyteatre de la Sapience eternelle, f. 721 discussion of exegetical levels. Ritman Library, MS 490. By permission of the Ritman Library, Amsterdam 67
3.7 Khunrath, Amphitheatre (1609), Citadel, detail: “PRAY Theo-sophically” “WORK Physico-Chymically”. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 71
3.8 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Citadel, detail of gateway. Allard Pierson PH3246. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 72
3.9 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), table: Summary of the Amphitheatre of Eternal Wisdom. Allard Pierson PH3246. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 74
3.10 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), II.90: The Seven Pillars of the House of Wisdom. Allard Pierson PH3246. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 79
3.11 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), II, 4 Eruditio (Instruction), marginal diagram. Michael Innes Collection, Warburg Institute, Shelfmark, FGH 5602. By permission of the Warburg Institute, London 80
3.12 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), II, 60 Agnitio, Notio and Cognitio diagrams. Michael Innes Collection, Warburg Institute, Shelfmark, FGH 5602. By permission of the Warburg Institute, London 80
3.13 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Oratory-Laboratory, detail: Bible. Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Shelfmark 46 N. 11. By permission of the Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Linz 82
3.14 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Title Page, detail: Ruach Chochmah El – Spirit of the Wisdom of God. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 92
3.15 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Title Page, detail: Ruach Elohim mediantibus Schamaim – Spirit of the Lord with the Heavens mediating. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 95
3.16 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), table: ‘THREE THINGS, there are, that primordially constitute the World’. Allard Pierson PH3246. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 99
3.17 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595) manuscript copy, Rebis, detail, Ruach Elohim
3.18 Weigel, Der güldene Griff (1613), sig. [Ciiijv]: Cognition. Allard Pierson PH2428. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 126
3.19 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), School of Nature, detail: Summit Entrance. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 146
3.20 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Entrance, detail: Seven Steps. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 147
3.21 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Citadel, detail, Obelisks: Fides & Taciturnitas. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 154
3.22 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Figure 4: Oratory-Laboratory, detail ‘Disce Bene Mori’ (Learn to Die Well). Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Shelfmark 46 N. 11. By permission of the Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Linz 159
3.23 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), School of Nature, detail, Theosopher meditating outdoors (or in his imagination), kneeling before an open psalter. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 164
3.24 Theosopher at Prayer in Tabulae Theosophicae Cabbalisticae. London, British Library Ms. Sloane 181, detail. © The British Library Board 164
3.25 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Oratory-Laboratory, detail: Theosopher meditating in front of Amphitheatre Circular Figures 1 & 2. Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Shelfmark 46 N. 11. By permission of the Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Linz 165
3.26 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Citadel, detail: The Heart-Shaped Sign. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 167
3.27 Khunrath, Amphitheatre (1609), School of Nature, detail: Jeiunium – Precatio – Eleemosyna. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 174
3.28 Khunrath, Amphitheatre (1595), Circular Figure Two, Adam-Androgyne, detail: VNIO. Hessische Landes und Hochschulbibliothek, Shelfmark: GrFol. 4/16. By permission of the Hessische Landes und Hochschulbibliothek Darmstadt 201
4.1 Tabulae Theosophicae Cabbalisticae, detail, Christ on Cross above IHSVH. London, British Library, Ms. Sloane 181. © The British Library Board 215
4.2 Gikatilla, Portae Lucis (1516), title page. By permission of the Ritman Library, Amsterdam 224
4.3 Gikatilla, Portae Lucis (1516), sig. Kiiijv. By permission of the Ritman Library, Amsterdam 224
4.4 Ricius, De Coelesti Agricultura (1541), CXIIIv. By permission of the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna 224
4.5 Cordovero, Pardes Rimonim (1591), 39v Tree of Life. Allard Pierson OTM ROF A-67. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 224
4.6 Cordovero, Pardes Rimonim (1591), 43v Tree of Life. Allard Pierson OTM ROF A-67. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 224
4.7 Cordovero, Pardes Rimonim (1591), 89v Divine Name. Allard Pierson OTM ROF A-67. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 224
4.8 Kircher, Oedipus Aegyptiacus (1653), Vol. 2, Part 1, between pp. 288–9, ‘Systema Sephiroticum’. By permission of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Munich 225
4.9 Rosenroth, Kabbala denudata (1677–78), Vol. 1, Figure XII. Allard Pierson OTM RON A-4458. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 227
4.10 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia, Book 2, Chapter 19, in Opera (Beringos Fratres, n.d.), 169 Hebrew Alphabet. Allard Pierson PH1830. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 234
4.11 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia (July 1533), Book 2, Chapter 20, CXLVIII Gematria: Divine names corresponding to the numbers of the planets. Allard Pierson PH1680. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 235
4.12 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia (1533), CCXXXI, Book 3, Chapter XI ‘Of the Divine Names, and their Power and Virtue’: ‘Genesis’ Amulet. Allard Pierson PH1680. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 238
4.13 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia in Opera (Beringos Fratres, n.d.), Book 3, Chapter XI, 277. ‘Of the Divine Names, and their Power and Virtue’: ‘Sacred seal against any diseases of man, or any griefs’. Allard Pierson OTM OK 62-6338. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 239
4.14 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia in Opera (Beringos Fratres, n.d.), 157 Tetragrammaton & Tetraktys. Allard Pierson PH1830. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 244
4.15 Reuchlin, De rudimentis hebraicis (1506), 5 Introduction to the Hebrew Alphabet. Allard Pierson OTM ROF A-413. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 247
4.16 Dee, Monas Hieroglyphica, 15r deconstruction of Dee’s hieroglyphic Monad. Allard Pierson PH1826. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 259
4.17 Aleph
4.18 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia in Opera (Beringos Fratres, n.d.), 317 Magical Alphabets. Allard Pierson PH1830. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 262
4.19 Pantheo, ‘Schema of the Metallic Art’, Ars transmutationis metallicae (1518), preceding 6r. Allard Pierson PH1081. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 267
4.20 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Title Page, detail of Hebrew words. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 278
4.21 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595) Prologue, 1 “I
4.22 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Prologue, 1 detail: “I
4.23 Stephanus, Biblia utriusque Testamenti (1557), Vol. 2, Proverbia, 61v “I
4.24 Elchanon Paul von Prag, Mysterivm Novvm (1580) title page. © Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel 284
4.25 Elchanon Paul von Prag, Mysterivm Novvm (1580), sig. Dv Examples of Gematria. © Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel 284
4.26 Khunrath, De signatura rerum naturalium theses (1588), end, sig. Ajr. By permission of the Universitätsbibliothek Basel 286
4.27 Dee, Monas Hieroglyphica (1564), 28 ‘INTELLECTVS IUDICAT VERITATEM’. Allard Pierson PH1826 A. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 295
4.28 Khunrath, Chaos (1597), 314 ‘in te L (
4.29 Khunrath, De Igne Magorum (1608), 59 Notariacon of SOL. Allard Pierson OTM OK 63-2996. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 310
4.30 Tabulae Theosophicae Cabbalisticae, detail: Urim and Thummim. London, British Library, Ms. Sloane 181. © The British Library Board 316
4.31 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 1, left: full engraving; right: centre detail. Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Duveen D 897. By permission of the Department of Special Collections, Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison 318
4.32 Khunrath, Vom Hylealischen Chaos (1597), 68 Divinely-Magical Tetraktys. Allard Pierson PH2055 A. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 320
4.33 Khunrath, Vom Hylealischen Chaos (1597), 209 Physico-Chymical Tetraktys. Allard Pierson PH2055 A. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 320
4.34 Three Versions of the Tetraktys, in Geißler, Baum des Lebens (1682), 61. By permission of the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna 321
4.35 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Title page, detail: Tetragrammaton & Tetraktys. Royal Danish Library, Shelfmark 3, 273c, 01293 S-1977. By permission of the Royal Danish Library, Copenhagen 322
4.36 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia in Opera (Beringos Fratres, n.d.), 276 Abracadabra formula of Serenus. Allard Pierson OTM OK 62-6338. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 325
4.37 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Circular Figure 1, Decalogue Translated into German. Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, Ms. 3263. By permission of the Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt 329
4.38 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Angelic Orders on one of the end-pages. Michael Innes Collection, Warburg Institute, Shelfmark, FGH 5602. By permission of the Warburg Institute, London 331
4.39 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595) Oratory-Laboratory, detail: Psalm 145. Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Shelfmark 46 N. 11. By permission of the Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Linz 336
4.40 Cordovero, Pardes Rimonim (1591), 109v Counter-clockwise progression of Hebrew Alphabet. Allard Pierson OTM ROF A-67. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 340
4.41 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 1, detail: Tetraktys and Ensoph (Infinite). Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Shelfmark 46 N. 11. By permission of the Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Linz 341
4.42 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 1, detail: Emet (Truth). Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Shelfmark 46 N. 11. By permission of the Oberösterreichische Landesbibliothek, Linz 344
4.43 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 1: Kedushah Prayer in Hebrew. Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Duveen D 897. By permission of the Department of Special Collections, Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison 347
4.44 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia in Opera (Beringos Fratres, n.d.), 155–56 ‘Scale of the Number Ten’. Allard Pierson OTM OK 62-6338. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 348
4.45 Kircher, Oedipus Aegyptiacus (1653), Vol. 2, Part 1, 302 Large Aleph & Annular Representation of Sephiroth. By permission of the Bayerische StaatsBibliothek Munich 352
4.46 Rosenroth, Kabbala Denudata (1677), Vol. 1, Figure 16 Variant Representations of Sephiroth and Kliphoth. Allard Pierson OTM RON A-4458. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 353
4.47 Khunrath, L’Amphyteatre de la Sapience eternelle, f. 1 Divine Names and Sephiroth. Ritman Library, Ms. M490. By permission of the Ritman Library, Amsterdam 364
4.48 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 1, detail: YHSVH Pentagram. Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Duveen D 897. By permission of the Department of Special Collections, Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison 365
4.49 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia (1533), CLXI Human figure in circle. Allard Pierson PH1680 BPH OG23. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 366
4.50 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia in Opera (Beringos Fratres, n.d.), Book 2, 178 Squares of Saturn. Allard Pierson OTM OK 62-6338. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 368
4.51 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609) ‘– S –’, Entrance, detail. Allard Pierson PH3246. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 372
4.52 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609) ‘– S –’, Calumniators, detail. Allard Pierson PH3246. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 372
4.53 Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia (July 1533), CCLXXVII Three circular seals, left: ‘In Hoc Vince’ (In this you will conquer); centre: Hygeia Pentagram/Pentacle; Right: sign received by Machabeus from an angel. Allard Pierson PH1680. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 375
4.54 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 2: Adam Androgyne. Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Duveen D 897. By permission of the Department of Special Collections, Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison 376
4.55 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 2, detail: Book of Seven Seals and Tablets of Decalogue. Universitätsbibliothek Basel, Shelfmark: JG 10. By permission of the Universitätsbibliothek Basel 379
4.56 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 2, detail of letter Tau on the Androgyne’s forehead. Universitätsbibliothek Basel, Shelfmark: JG 10. By permission of the Universitätsbibliothek Basel 380
4.57 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1595), Circular Figure 2 Adam-Androgyne, detail of Archetype and Middoth. Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Duveen D 897. By permission of the Department of Special Collections, Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison 384
4.58 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1609), Circular Figure 2, detail: Square of Four Elements and O-MN-I-A. Allard Pierson PH3246. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 385
4.59 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1608), Owner’s Endpage Notes. By permission of the Ritman Library, Amsterdam 389
4.60 Dorn, Monarchia Triadis, in Unitate (1577), 71 ‘Simulacrum of the Unary.’ By permission of the Wellcome Library, London 392
4.61 Dorn, Monarchia Triadis, in Unitate (1577), 76 ‘Simulacrum of the Binary.’ By permission of the Wellcome Library, London 392
4.62 Dorn, Monarchia Triadis, in Unitate (1577), 81 ‘Simulacrum of the Ternary.’ By permission of the Wellcome Library, London 392
4.63 Dorn, Monarchia Triadis, in Unitate (1577), 86 ‘Simulacrum of the Ternary restored to the simplicity of Unity.’ By permission of the Wellcome Library, London 392
4.64 Dorn, Monarchia Triadis, in Unitate (1577), 89 ‘Simulacrum of the restored medicinal Ternary.’ By permission of the Wellcome Library, London 392
4.65 Khunrath, Amphitheatrum (1608), title page, detail. © Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel 403
4.66 Khunrath, De Igne Magorum (1608), 87 ‘Kabala Magia Alchymia’. Allard Pierson OTM OK 63-2996. By permission of the Allard Pierson, University of Amsterdam 406