O. S. Raji, “Border Markets and Traders in Seme: The Dynamics of Trading Activities, Health Preference and Its Implications for Border Residents in Nigeria and Republic of Benin”, in: The African Informal Economy: Structure, Dynamics, and Resilience, edited by Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Omobowale, Studies in Political Economy of Global Labor and Work, Vol. 5, Leiden: Brill, 2024, pp. 106–128. ISBN (e-book): 978-90-04-69265-7; ISBN (hardback): 978-90-04-69264-0. DOI (chapter): 10.1163/9789004692657_008.
The Editors and the Publisher notify the readers that the above chapter has been retracted, following an investigation conducted in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines.
In December 2025, a suspicion of plagiarism was brought to the Editors’ and the Publisher’s attention. The results of the investigation supported the claim. The investigation confirmed that portions of the text, as well as an image (Figure 6.1, “Border market in Seme border”), were reproduced from previously published sources without appropriate attribution and/or permission. It was also established that the image does not depict the market described in the chapter. The author has acknowledged that the image was included in error during manuscript preparation. However, both the unattributed reuse of text and the use of the image without proper attribution and permission constitute a breach of the Publisher’s ethics policies. As a result, the Publisher no longer has confidence in the integrity of the chapter.
The retracted article will remain available both in print and online to maintain the scholarly record, but is watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.
Brill
14 April 2026