Index of Persons
Nota Bene 1: Some names have been standardized to follow more widely recognized traditions (for example, Walwein to Gawain, Artur to Arthur, Ganhumara to Guinevere, Eneas to Aeneas) and others include the more well known Latin equivalents (either historical personages or legendary ones, the latter often, but not always, created by Geoffrey of Monmouth) in addition to the forms Wace used, such as Cassibellan (Cassibellanus) and Ebrauc (Ebraucus) or English equivalents Adelstan (Athelstan). If there is an alternative French spelling as well as a Latin one, they will be in parentheses.
Nota Bene 2: Since Geoffrey of Monmouth (and the vulgate Historia Regum Britanniae) appear on nearly every page and the First Variant (FV) appears nearly as often, they have not been indexed here, nor has Arthur who has over 1300 references. Not all legendary figures have been indicated as such in this Index.
Aaron
87
Aeneas (Eneas)
21, 50, 61, 84, 116, 158, 180, 261–62, 264, 392, 395–96, 398, 405, 411, 428, 509
Aethelred, king
978–1013, 1014–16, Edward the Martyr’s half-brother, c. 963–78, k. 975–78 252
Africans
131–32, 208, 210, 234, 347, 349
Aganippus, king of France, Cordelia’s husband
403–4
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle(s)
12, 19, 54, 62, 67–68, 76–77, 79, 81, 91, 99, 110, 126, 141, 163, 240, 250, 254, 256, 325, 344, 381
Alain, king of Brittany
136
Alban(s)
50, 139, 187, 398 (line of Alban kings) St Alban 21
Albanactus (Albanac), Brutus’s third son
343, 411, Albanacus 424, 427–8
Aldroenus, king of Brittany
116, 183–4, 332
Alvret, English king Alfred (Alfred the Great)
92, 96, 255, 344, 346, 377, 440, 479
Alfred, sacrist of Beverley, author of a history of Britain/England from Brutus to Henry I, c. 1148–51
34, 36, 254
Amphibalus
187
Androgeus, son of Lud, nephew of Cassibellan
429–32
Angles
5, 12, 23, 29, 50 (East Angles), 68–9, 71, 75–6, 78, 89, 117, 139–40, 175, 208–9, 211, 227, 250, 254, 273, 281, 290, 303, 348, 351–54, 435, 490
Anna, Arthur’s sister
207
Antenor, Trojan lord
60–61, 264, 398
Apo, Donaud’s father
452
Ascanius (Aschanius), son of Aeneas
50, 180, 395–96, 427
Aschil (also Aschillus), king of Denmark
202, 310, 357, 491
Asclepiodotus, duke of Cornwall
187
Athelstan, king of the Anglo-Saxons
924–27 and king of the English 927–39, except for Wales and Cornwall 19, 21, 23, 31, 85–86, 92, 94, 96, 100, 107, 116–17, 137, 148, 168, 178, 205, 208, 211, 222–24, 227–28, 230, 233, 251, 256, 261, 343, 371–74, 381, 391, 440, 477, 479 (also Adelstan 256, 372)
Auguselus, in Geoffrey of Monmouth, king of Scotland
126, 147, 199–200, 236, 333, 378, 447 (also Angusel 198, 305, 318, 327–28, 333, 336, 338, 447, 491)
Augustine (Augustin), saint, sent by Pope Gregory to convert the English
24, 52, 69, 86, 94, 103–4, 126, 131, 133–34, 168, 190, 204–5, 208–11, 213–19, 235, 237, 256–59, 261, 359–67, 380, 382, 391, 438, 475, 484
Augustus Caesar, Roman emperor
212
Aurelius Ambrosius, king of Britain, brother of Uther and Constant
20, 71, 82, 97, 99, 101, 109, 187, 213, 234
Bassianus, king of the Britons
145
Bede, English monk, author, scholar, 672/3–735
5, 13–14, 24, 34, 37–38, 40, 43–44, 46, 51–52, 54, 56, 58–59, 62, 65, 67–72, 75–82, 86, 96, 98, 101, 103–5, 110, 113, 121, 126, 135, 138–39, 145, 154, 159, 163, 165, 170–71, 174–79, 184, 189, 205, 208, 211–12, 217–18, 221, 225, 228, 232, 234, 240, 242, 244, 246, 254, 257, 260, 265, 281, 303, 353, 360–62, 366, 377, 381, 397, 421, 447, 476, 486, 514
Belinus (1), legendary king of the Britons, brother of Brennius
84, 92, 96, 142, 199, 205–6, 261, 331–32
Belinus (2), Cassibellan’s seneschal
431
Bladud, king of Britain
424, 429
Bledric, lord of Cornwall
216, 372
Bedevere, Arthur’s cupbearer
98, 114, 127, 177, 202, 311, 315–16, 318, 320, 334, 336, 352, 355, 358, 393, 442, 447, 474–75, 478–79, 511
Borel, count of Le Mans
312, 334
Bos(o), count of Oxford 1202
478
Brennius, brother of Belinus, legendary duke of Burgundy, ruler of Rome
92, 142, 205, 261, 331, 333, 336, 415, 430–31, 484
Bretons
7–9, 27, 37–38 113, 116–17, 152, 229, 237, 255, 270, 279, 307–8, 334, 339, 341, 453, 458, 461, 494
Brien, nephew of Chadwalein
380
Britons
5, 7–9, 12–16, 18–21, 23–26, 29, 31–32, 35, 37–38, 40, 42–54, 57–63, 65–75, 77–107, 109–11, 115–18, 122–24, 127–28, 130–40, 142, 144–47, 151–55, 162, 164, 168, 170–90, 192–94, 188–89, 201–2, 204, 207–19, 221–32, 234–37, 240–46, 248–70, 273–74, 276–80, 283–84, 286, 290, 293, 296, 299, 303–5, 307–9, 319, 324–33, 335–36, 339–41, 343, 347–50, 352–55, 359–62, 368–80, 383, 384, 391, 397–99, 403–6, 410–23, 426, 428–36, 439–62, 472, 475–78, 484–84, 486–88, 492, 49496, 514
Brutus, grandson of Ascanius, legendary founder of Britain
5, 7–8, 21, 24, 29, 44, 48–50, 54–61, 82, 84–85, 92, 116, 121, 136, 158, 173, 180–81, 261, 264–66, 268–69, 272, 275–77, 343, 353, 392, 395–96, 398–99, 406–7, 411–14, 422–28, 439, 464, 477, 498–99, 507
Burgundians
50
Cador, duke of Cornwall
22, 102, 115, 125–26, 130, 292, 293, 299, 306, 327, 329, 334, 339, 341–42, 351
Cadwallader, king of Gwynedd in Wales c. 655–682 and last king of Britain (in Galfridian legend)
21, 24, 29, 84, 91–92, 94, 106–7, 115–16, 131, 135–37, 148, 204–5, 219, 221–25, 227–29, 234–36, 261, 286, 295, 314, 368–69, 371, 373–74, 464, 477, 509
Caliburnus (Excalibur), Arthur’s sword
124–25, 193–94, 298
Caradoc of Llancarfan, “colleague” of Geoffrey of Monmouth
35, 39, 230–31, 374
Carais (Carausius), pirate ruler of Britain
21, 145, 415–16, 471
Cariz, legendary king of Britain
211, 342; also Keredic 94, 211, 255
Cassibellanus, king of Britain
84, 423, 425, 429–32
Catellus (Lucius Catellus), Roman senator who became a war leader with emperor Lucius
202
Chadwalein (also Caduallo, Cadwallo), king of Britain south of the Humber
261, 368
Cadwan, king of South Wales
261, 372, 382
Cerdic, king of Wessex
514–39 246–47, 249–50, 254–57, 262, 281, 337
Cheldric, Saxon warlord
96, 248–49, 337, 355, 471
Cheneus, Arthurian lord
452
Coel, of Gloucester, king of England
80, 332, 492
Claudius, Roman emperor
92, 332
Coillus, son of Marius, king of Britain
416, 452
Colgrim, Colgrimus (also Colgrin, Colgrinus), Saxon leader
96, 112, 123, 19–92, 293–94, 393, 438, 471, 507, 512
Constant, monk and brother of Aurelius and Uther, crowned by Vortigern then betrayed
22, 101, 205, 261, 461
Constantius, Roman senator, legate to Britain, then crowned king of Britain, marries Helen (daughter of Coel), father of Constantine I
332, 492
Constantine (Costentin): son of Constantius and Helen (daughter of Coel) and Roman emperor (Constantine I [HRB Thorpe trans.])
199, 332, 492
Constantine (Constentin), Breton king of Britain, brother of Aldroen (Constantine II [HRB Thorpe trans.]), founder of the House of Constantine
22, 93, 101, 116, 122, 261, 332
Constantine (Costentin), king of Britain, son of Cador, succeeds Arthur in Geoffrey (Constantine III [HRB Thorpe trans.])
246, 332, 341
Cordelia, third (youngest) daughter of King Leir
400–4, 415, 429
Corineus, legendary Trojan lord and warrior after whom Cornwall was named
55–56, 60, 92, 181, 265, 267–69, 272, 398–400, 412, 428
Cornish
7–9, 18, 55, 78, 88, 181, 372, 412
Creusa, Aeneas’s first wife, mother of Ascanius
180
Cunan (also Conan), king of Brittany, nephew of Octavius
261, 278–80, 342; Aurelius Conanus 477
Cunedagius, legendary king of the Britons
392, 400, 404, 507
Danes
58, 68, 129–30, 176–77, 206, 242, 244–45, 248, 250–51, 253, 303, 337–38, 344, 378–79
Dardanus, ancestor of the Trojans
48–50
David, king of Israel, author of many of the Psalms
41
David I, king of Scotland (1124–53)
144, 148, 181, 264, 269, 283–84, 332
David II, king of Scotland (1329–71)
478
Diana, goddess and prophetess
412
Diocletian, Roman emperor (284–305, reign noted for the last great persecution of the Christians)
93, 187–88, 212
Dionot, temporary ruler of Britain in Cunan’s absence
279–80
Doldani, king of Gotland
307
Donaud, Arthurian lord, son of Apo
452
Dubricius, 6th c. British ecclesiastic and bishop of Caerleon, later archbishop and Roman legate
123, 193, 315–19, 323, 460
Dumwallo, king of Britain
380
Dunian, bishop, baptizes King Lucius
416
Ebissa, cousin of Octa. Eosa
72, 100–2, 165, 186
Ebraucus, legendary king of the Britons, founder of York, fathered twenty sons and thirty daughters with twenty wives
124, 165, 250, 399, 408–9, 424, 428
Edward the Elder, king of the Anglo-Saxons
899–924, father of Athelstan 96, 251–52, 396; and Peter’s Pence 371
Edward the Confessor, last king of the House of Wessex 1042–1066
382, 396, 466, 489
Edward the Martyr, king of the English 975–978
252
Edward I, king of England 1272–1307; son of Henry III (king of England 1216–1272)
236, 424–25, 439, 441, 506, 508
Edward II, king of England 1307–1327
26, 385
Edward III, king of England 1327–1377
463–64, 466, 470, 472–73, 475, 478, 509
Edwin, king of Northumbria 616–632/633
94, 96, 104, 134, 136, 261, 380–2
Elaud, father of Regeim
452
Eldadus, bishop, brother of Edulf
101, 189
Eldol, legendary king of Britain
461
Eldulf, count of Gloucester
284
Eleine (1) (St Helena), daughter of Coel (Geoffrey of Monmouth, Henry of Huntingdon), mother of Constantine (I), first Christian empress, thought to have discovered the “True Cross” (in Jerusalem)
492
Eleine (2), niece of Hoel, raped and killed by giant of Mont-St-Michel
334
Elenus, son of Priam
151
Eleutherius (Pope Eleutherius, 2nd c. AD)
213
Elfrid (Ethelfrid, Edelfridus), king of Northumbria, relative of Adelbert, king of Kent: Elfrid
261, Ethelfrid 361–62, Edelfridus 86, 94, 104, 134, 214, 217
Eosa, Octa’s kinsman. Ebissa
96–97, 101–2, 192, 261, 290, 415, 447, 455, 460
Equitius, appointed consul by emperor Valentinianus
72
Gratian
Estrild, wife of Locrinus
428
Faganus, bishop sent with Dunian to baptize King Lucius and the Britons
212–13, 416
Freya, Saxon goddess
450
French (people, not language)
39, 41, 60, 64, 119–20, 129, 140, 148–49, 153, 160, 183–84, 241–42, 255, 266–67, 271, 273–74, 277, 279–80, 294, 309, 312, 318–19, 325–26, 344–45, 365–68, 376, 382–83, 389, 391, 403, 430, 453, 466, 470, 472–73, 482–84
Frollo, Roman governor of France
97, 114, 127, 311, 315, 358, 447, 491
Fulgenius I, king of Britain
422
Fulgenius II, leader of northern Britons, rebel against Severus
422, 446–47
Gaimar, Geoffrei Gaimar, Anglo-Norman poet and historian, fl. 1130s
13, 24–25, 29, 34, 56, 89, 120, 160–64, 241–59, 262, 265, 267, 281, 337, 346, 350, 374–75, 388–90, 446, 479, 498–99, 502
Galaes, Welsh queen
106–7, 150, 225–26, 230–31
Gauls
55, 60, 71, 140, 145, 181, 266, 278, 309, 447
Gawain, Loth’s eldest son, Arthur’s cousin (though sometimes referred to as his nephew)
113, 125–26, 202, 441, 455, 471–72, 475, 478–79 (Walwein 296, 329, 334–38)
Gerinus, count of Chartres
128, 202, 455
Germain, saint and bishop of Auxerre (378-c. 440s), sent to Britain with St Lupus by Pope Romain to re-establish Christianity
418, 420
Germans
199–200, 327–28, 333, 418
Gildas, 6th-c. British monk and historian
14, 20, 24, 37, 43–44, 46, 48, 53, 53, 56–59, 62, 64–68, 70–72, 76–78, 98, 101, 108–9, 113, 117, 121, 123, 131, 138–39, 154, 169, 170–71, 174–75, 177–78, 181, 184, 187, 189, 206–7, 213, 221, 232, 249, 260, 281, 303, 332, 352, 398–99, 416–17, 421, 447, 486
Gillomanius, king of Ireland at the time Merlin moves the “Giants’ Dance,
460, Gillomanies 461
Gillomar (Gillomarus, Gillamurius [HRB]), king of Ireland in Arthur’s time
307
Goemagog, leader of the giants in Britain before the arrival of Brutus
399; Goemagog’s Leap 268
Goffar the Pict, king of Poitiers
55; Goffarius Pictus, Aquitanian king 60
Gonorille, eldest of King Leir’s daughters
400, 404
Gonvais, king of Orkney
307
Gorbonian, king of Britain
318
Gorlois, count of Cornwall
236, 288–89, 462
Gormund (in Geoffrey African king)
24–25, 85–86, 89, 92, 94, 97, 103, 116, 131–32, 191, 198, 204–5, 207–9, 211, 234, 239, 250, 255–57, 259, 261, 272–74, 278, 301, 307, 343–51, 353, 355, 357–60, 371, 382, 391, 424, 442, 476, 483, 487–88, 490–91; Gormund’s “Donation 24–25, 85–86, 89, 92, 97, 99–100, 132, 209, 244–45, 255–59, 261, 272–74
Gotlanders
102, 131, 307, 317, 329, 343, 451; Gotland 356; king Doldanius of Gotland 127
Gratian Equitius, who was appointed consul by emperor Valentinian I, eldest son of Valentinian I, emperor of Western Roman Empire 367–383
72
Greeks
50, 60, 171, 262, 264, 405–6
Gregory, saint and pope (590–604), sent St Augustine (later first archbishop of Canterbury 597) to convert the English
68, 133, 213, 215, 218, 361, 438
Gualon (Guales), Welsh duke
107
Guinevere, Arthur’s queen
22, 93, 112, 115, 126, 306, 314, 327–28, 338, 447, 451, 474
Guithelinus, king of Britain, husband of Marcia
96 (of Marcian law)
Guithelinus, archbishop of London
182–84
Helenus (and Antenor), Trojan heroes
398
Hengist, Saxon leader
64, 68, 70, 72–74, 82, 91, 93, 98, 100–2, 164, 185–86, 189, 198, 236, 244, 248–50, 256–57, 261, 281–84, 285, 293, 337, 393, 419–21, 432–34, 437, 446, 450, 457, 459, 466, 473, 475, 483, 511; also Hengest, 76–77, 85, 96, 99, 122, 246, 254; also Henguist 283–84, 337, 421
Henry of Huntingdon, English historian, c. 1088–1157
13, 23, 33–35, 39, 54, 56–59, 64, 77, 79, 83, 88–89, 103, 111, 120, 146, 156–57, 7, 162–63, 170, 177, 184, 189, 230–31, 242, 246, 260, 281, 293, 339–40, 344, 353, 361, 371, 374, 379, 397, 418, 486, 493–94, 514; Epistola ad Warinum, 33, 59, 81, 83, 89, 98, 112, 339–40, 418, 493, 514
Hirelglas, nephew of Cassibellan
429
Hoel, Arthur’s nephew, king of Brittany
115, 198–99, 202–3, 295, 318, 323–24, 327–29, 332–34, 378, 451, 471, 478; also Hoelus 116, 125, 128
Holdin, count of Flanders
312, 358
Homer, Greek poet
266
Horsa, brother of Hengist
5, 64, 68, 70, 72–74, 76, 82, 91, 93, 96–98, 164, 185, 244, 248–50, 254, 256–57, 261, 281, 286, 293, 432, 434, 446, 475, 483
Huns
68, 93, 280, 424
Innogen, Brutus’s wife, daughter of Pendrasus
181, 407, 426, 428
Irish (noun and adjective)
37, 45–46, 49–50, 52, 57–59, 72, 74, 77, 79, 82, 95–97, 102, 114, 118–19, 125, 131, 138–39, 145, 147, 149, 165, 171–72, 175–76, 178, 204, 219, 241, 300–1, 304, 307, 338, 345–56, 369, 378, 415, 418, 460–61
Isaiah, prophet of Israel
400, 404
Isembard, (legendary) nephew of King Louis
131, 255, 345–46, 348; also Ysembard 442
Jesus Christ (figure and dating)
52, 110, 215, 218, 257, 295, 298, 332, 405, 417, 427, 514
Jews
10, 38, 340, 428
Jugein, count of Leicester
478
Julius Caesar
25, 46, 56, 59, 61, 82, 84, 92, 177, 180, 187–88, 287, 295, 330–31, 335, 349, 354, 429–31, 442
Jupiter
50, 450
Kamber, son of Brutus, king of Kambria (Cambria)
341, 411, 424, 427–28
Katigern, son of Vortigern
186
Kay, Arthur’s seneschal
114, 127, 311, 315–17, 320, 336, 358, 393, 447, 452, 474–75, 478, 511
Kentish
70, 73–74, 104, 256
Kinlint, Arthurian lord
318
Latinus, king of Latium (in Italy)
50, 396–98
Lavinia, second wife of Aeneas
50, 180, 395, 411
Leil, legendary king of the Britons
424, 428
Leir, legendary king of the Britons
84, 92, 392, 398, 400–4, 407, 424, 429, 507
Ligier, count of Boulogne
312
Locrinus, first son of Brutus
143, 343, 411, 424, 428
Loth, of Loeneis, Arthur’s brother-in-law, king of Norway
97, 102, 125–27, 305, 310, 356–57, 393, 447, 491, 511
Louis III, king of France [West Francia], 879–882 (and legendary/unnamed figures)
344–46, 348
Lucius Hiberius, Roman emperor (first appearing in Geoffrey of Monmouth, and killed by Arthur)
93, 115, 128, 190, 197–99, 202, 277, 305, 314, 327–30, 344–36, 442, 447, 455, 471–72, 478, 511
Lucius, supposed 2nd c. king of the Britons, traditionally credited with bringing Christianity to the Britons
84, 187, 205, 212–13, 393, 416, 422, 446
Lud, king of Britain
56, 84, 181, 272–73, 276–77, 399
Luor, one of Ebrauc’s sons
399
Lupus, St, an early bishop of Troyes
188, 283, 418, 420–21
Maglaurus (in Geoffrey, duke of Scotland; FV Maglaunus, king of Scotland and Wace Manglanus, king)
404
Malgo, king of Britain
44, 102, 131, 143, 233, 261, 341–43
Marcia, legendary queen and regent of Britain, also lawmaker
96 (Marcian law 281, 430, HRB §47.256–61)
Margadud, (Geoffrey refers to this king of the Demetae, late Iron Age tribe of Southwest Wales)
135, 214, 216, 372
Marganus, nephew of Cordelia
392, 400, 404
Margoid, Arthurian lord
318
Maxenz, Roman emperor
469
Maximianus, king of Britain
54, 93, 142, 199; also Maximien 278–80, 331, 450
Maximianus Herculius, inquisitor and persecutor of Christians
187–88
Melga, king of Scythia
280, 450
Menbritius, wise Trojan
405–6
Mercury, Greco-Roman, Saxon god
450
Merlin, prophet and magician
60, 93, 101–2, 106, 115, 137, 205–6, 222–23, 225, 288, 290, 340–41, 347, 373, 392, 410, 423–24, 435–37, 455–60, 462, 465, 472, 476, 490, 493–95, 508–9; Merlin’s Prophecies: 25–26, 39, 42, 60, 93–95, 115, 167–69, 261–62, 332, 347, 383–84, 388, 390, 410–11, 423–25, 435, 447, 455–56, 470, 476, 492
Mezentius, in Roman mythology Etruscan king
396, 398
Minerva
283
Mordred (Modred , Modret), Arthur’s “son/nephew”
22, 93–94, 102, 110, 113, 115, 124–26, 130–31, 198, 204, 246–47, 251, 261, 288, 292, 327–28, 330, 336, 338, 342, 418, 514; Mordred’s “Donation” 244, 248–49, 254–55, 337
Mustensar, African king
347
Nennius, monk and possibly author, fl. c. 800
24, 40, 44, 46–48, 51, 56–57, 59, 61–62, 109–10, 124, 181, 213, 352, 411, 417
Nennius, of Canterbury, younger brother of Cassibellan, son of Heli
181, 272, 399
Neton, father of Run
318
Normans
12, 19, 21, 42, 58–60, 80, 97–98, 117–18, 120–21, 140, 143, 146–47, 149–53, 162, 168, 170, 172, 175–77, 229, 242, 245, 253, 270, 273–74, 314, 353–54, 359, 391, 397, 421, 488
Norwegians
338, 378–79
Octa, son of Hengist
96–97, 100–2, 165, 186, 192, 261, 290, 437
Octavius, count of Wales (HRB, duke of the Gewissei) and then (legendary) king of Britain
278
Orderic Vitalis, English/Norman monk and historian of Normandy, 1075–c. 1142
58–59, 149, 479
Oswald, Christian king of Northumbria
86, 96, 134
Oswi, brother of Oswald
105, 134–35
Pandrasus, king of Greece
55, 181, 398–99, 406, 412, 426–28
Paris, Trojan (son of Priam) who kidnapped Helen of Greece
130, 262
Paschent, son of Vortigern
186, 437, 461
Penda, Anglo-Saxon king of Mercia c. 632–655
86, 94, 96, 105, 134, 136, 368, 381–82; also Peanda 105, 117, 135–36, 225, 147
Peter of Langtoft, English chronicler d. c. 1307
3, 299, 463
Peter (Pierre), saint; “St Peter’s pence”
371
Philistines
61
Picts
5, 7, 9, 44–46, 51–52, 54, 57–58, 66, 72, 77, 80, 82, 93, 96–98, 114, 124–25, 136, 139–40, 144–46, 149, 171–73, 175–76, 178–79, 184–85, 191–92, 204, 218, 220–22, 234, 242, 246, 248, 251–52, 254, 261, 280, 282, 300–1, 303–4, 369, 378–79, 397, 415–16, 419, 421, 432–33, 447, 461, 471, 475
Poitevins
55, 266, 398
Pridwen, Arthur’s shield
110–11, 114, 124, 193, 295, 297–98
Ragau, the second daughter of King Leir
404
Regeim, of Puntif
452
Remus, brother of Romulus (founders of Rome)
48, 395–97, 400, 404
Richier, Arthurian lord
312, 334
Riculf, Norwegian baron
310
Rodric, of Scythia, king of the Picts
145, 415
Romans
9, 14, 20, 44–46, 48, 50–51, 58–59, 60–61, 64–66, 71–72, 80–81, 85, 90, 92–93, 96, 100, 109, 112, 115, 117, 121, 128–30, 132, 136, 139, 140, 145, 155, 177–80, 182–84, 190, 198–203, 205, 220–22, 246, 249, 261, 278, 288, 303–4, 314, 326–33, 335–36, 354, 369, 388, 397–98, 406, 411, 422, 429–30, 432, 442, 455, 474, 484, 490, 496; “Annals of the Romans” 50; Roman occupation 44, 59, 71, 73, 155; Roman Senate 93, 145, 197; Post-Roman Britain 14, 152, 376; Roman Britain 54, 65–66, 69, 376; Sub-Roman Britain 44, 218, 332
Romulus, brother of Remus (founders of Rome)
48, 395–97, 400, 404
Ronwen, daughter of Hengist, wife of Vortigern
73, 93, 99–100, 185–86, 188–89, 283–84, 419, 433–34
Rummaret, king of Wenelande (both unknown)
307
Samson, saint, bishop of York
460; Archbishop Samson of Dol 323
Saturn, Greco-Roman, Saxon god
450
Saul, king of Judah
449
Saxons
5, 7, 12, 14, 19–23, 25, 29, 32, 42, 44, 50–54, 57–58, 62, 64, 69, 71–75, 97–104, 106–7, 114, 116–17, 122–26, 128, 130–38, 140–44, 146, 150–52, 153–54, 163, 170, 172, 175–79, 182, 184–94, 200, 204, 207–11, 214–25, 227, 230, 232–35, 237, 240–45, 247–50, 252–58, 261, 272–73, 278, 281–86, 290–93, 299, 302–5, 314, 333, 337–38, 342–43, 345–55, 357, 369–71, 373–80, 382, 391, 393, 397, 411, 415–22, 433–36, 440–443, 458–62, 469–70, 475–77, 486, 487–88, 490–91, 496, 507
Scots
5, 7, 20, 37, 45–46, 48, 54, 58, 66, 72, 77, 80, 82, 96–97, 114, 118–21, 124–26, 136, 140, 144–49, 168, 170–73, 175–76, 178–79, 184, 191–92, 204, 220–22, 229, 234, 241, 246, 248, 251–52, 254, 282, 294, 299–305, 343, 355, 357, 378–80, 397, 415, 446–47, 471, 478, 491
Sergius, saint and pope
222–23, 225
Septimius Severus, Roman senator and emperor (193–211), builder of the wall “between Deira and Albany”
422
Sibyl
223, 332
Silvius, son of Ascanius and father of Brutus (according to some texts)
49–50, 56, 120, 395–96, 411, 427
Silvius Postumus, son of Aeneas (according to some texts)
61, 180, 396, 398, 427
Simeon of Durham, English chronicler, d. after 1129
34, 371
Sodomites (referring to biblical group)
131
Trojans
5, 19, 55, 59–60, 87, 115, 138, 153, 176, 178–82, 235, 239, 254, 262, 264–70, 276, 326, 332, 382, 398, 404–6, 411–14, 426, 442
Turks
345
Turnus (1), duke of Tuscany
50, 395–96 (ally of Mezentius)
Turnus (2), nephew of Brutus
55, 235, 179, 265–66
Ulfin, confidant of Uther
472
Urgen, count of Bath
478
Urien, father of Yvain, king of Moray, brother of Loth
305, 318, 491
Ursula, daughter of Dionot (both legendary), sent to Brittany with thousands of companions, shipwrecked, raped, drowned
279–80, 450, 469
Uther Pendragon, brother of Aurelius, father of Arthur, king of the Britons
22, 41, 93, 101–2, 116, 122–23, 192–93, 205–6, 261, 288–91, 314–15, 378, 390, 392–93, 408, 410, 424, 436–38, 447, 455, 458–60, 469, 471–72
Valentinian(us) I, Roman emperor
364–75 281, 418
Vespasien, Roman general and emperor
69–79, 92
Virgin Mary
52, 76, 110, 114, 283, 294–96, 334
Vortigern, king of Britain (fl. 425–450, two separate reigns)
22, 29, 54, 65–66, 72–74, 76–78, 82, 85, 93, 97–101, 122, 184–86, 189–90, 234, 261, 281–85, 293, 303, 337, 351, 417–19, 432–37, 450, 456, 458, 461
Vortimer, son of Vortigern, deposes father and reigns briefly, but poisoned by stepmother Ronwen
29, 53, 72–74, 79, 100, 186, 188–89, 205, 283–84, 293, 419–20, 433–34
Vortipor, mid-6th c. ruler of Dyfed in Wales
44, 342 (also Vortiporius 102)
Wace, Norman poet and historian, c. 1110–c. 1174
17, 21, 25–27, 53, 56, 61, 64, 69, 85–86, 89, 92–93, 99, 110, 116, 122–23, 131–33, 151–54, 157, 159, 160, 166, 179–81, 188, 196, 208, 211, 217, 235, 239–44, 255, 260–92, 294–314, 316–20, 322, 324–46, 348–63, 365–87, 389–90, 392–95, 398–402, 404–18, 420–22, 424–25, 429–34, 436–48, 450–60, 462–66, 469–97, 499, 507–12
Wanis, king of Hungary
280, 450
Welsh (people)
7–9, 18–19, 21, 26, 20, 35, 37, 39–43, 46–47, 49–50, 59, 65, 78–79, 86, 94–95, 104, 106–7, 118–19, 121, 131, 137, 141, 144, 146–48, 150–52, 154, 160–62, 164–65, 182, 194, 222–23, 226, 228–31, 236–37, 244, 252, 261, 304–5, 315, 317–18, 325, 332, 338, 346, 360, 371, 374, 377, 384, 441, 447–48, 452, 473–74, 480
William of Malmesbury, half-Norman English historian, c. 1095–c. 1143
8, 13, 17, 24, 26, 35, 39–40, 53–59, 64, 68, 75, 77, 79, 88, 98–100, 110–11, 113, 118–19, 121, 141, 148, 152, 154, 156, 163, 170, 177, 230–31, 242, 287, 293, 296, 324–25, 340, 353, 360, 363–64, 367, 371–72, 374, 377, 397, 440, 486, 493, 494, 514
Woden, Saxon god (Mercury)
70, 76, 83, 257
Ygerne, Uther’s queen, Arthur’s mother
22, 93, 288–89, 472; also Igerne 206
Yne, ancestor of Edward and Athelstan
371
Yni, son/nephew of Cadwallader
90, 106, 137, 222–23, 226, 229–31, 261, 374, 477
Yvain, son of Urien
246–47
Yvor, son of Cadwallader
261, 374, 473, 477; also Ivor 90, 106, 137, 222–23, 225–26, 228–31, 235