Index
Abolition
53, 64
Act of Uniformity, 1662
228
Admiralty, The
64
Admiralty Court
175
Africa
5, 18, 20, 21, 26, 29, 34, 35, 36, 42, 68, 135, 232–255, 256–275.
Alampo, Allada, Bence Island, Benin, Cape Coast Castle, Cape of Good Hope, Gambia, Guinea, James Island, Kormantine, Ophra, River Gambia, Sherbro, Sierra Leone, Tangier
Africa House
273
agents. see factors
Akan
233, 241
Alampo
260, 264
Allada, Benin
263–265
Aldermen’s Court of London
108
alehouse
172.
tavern
allegiance
118–123
American Revolution. see revolution
American Revolutionary War, 1775–1783. see war
Amsterdam
7, 118, 124, 166, 178, 209, 243
Anglican
212, 216, 230
Anglo-Dutch Wars, 1652–1654, 1665–1667, 1672–1674. see war
Anne, Queen of England and Wales, Queen of Scotland, Queen of Great Britain
210, 219
Anti-Catholicism
20, 209–212, 222–224, 229–231
Antigua
135, 157, 194, 197, 207, 208, 211, 213, 229, 268
Antilles
267–268
Antwerp
108
archives
6–7, 22, 28, 234
Asia
127, 232, 235n9, 238, 239
Atlantic Ocean
2, 10, 43, 85–86, 154
‘Atlantic World’
18–21, 22 and passim
Austrian Succession, War of the, 1740–1748. see war
Bacon, Francis
52, 54
Bacon, Nathaniel
267
Bank of England
217
bankruptcy
40, 41, 42, 47
Baptist
216
Barbados
31, 37, 177, 193–194, 209, 213, 214, 222, 237, 242, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263, 268, 270, 271–273, 274–275
Barcelona
118
Bath
222
Bence Island
260, 261, 263
Benin
263–265
betting
13, 107–126
bill of exchange
40, 43–45, 165, 177, 179, 195, 262
Board of Trade and Plantations
208–210, 215–227, 231, 260
Boston
82, 100, 132, 134–135, 137, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147n66, 148, 150, 155, 157, 160, 177, 189, 195
brandy
197, 244
Bridgetown
195, 274.
Barbados
Bristol
14, 30, 39, 52, 56–67, 76, 143, 194
Bristol Exchange
16
Bristol West India Association
11, 49, 56–67, 77
British Civil Wars, 1638–1652. see war
broker
59
Bush Tavern, Bristol
64
Canada. see France: New France
Cape Coast Castle
245, 249, 251–255, 260, 264–265
Cape May, New Jersey
141
Cape of Good Hope
221
captains
2, 17, 22, 34, 90, 101, 134, 135, 137, 143, 144, 145, 161, 165, 183–204, 217, 249–250, 262, 266, 269, 272–273, 275n83
Caribbean
5, 19–20, 29, 34, 42, 42n96, 66, 94, 127, 133, 142–143, 147, 149, 188, 194n38, 197, 207–231, 232–239, 258–260, 263, 266–268, 273.
Antigua, Antilles, Barbados, Bridgetown, Curacao, Haitian Revolution, Jamaica, Kingston, Leeward Islands, Montserrat, Nevis, Saint-Domingue, Sint Eustatius, St Kitts, Tobago, West Indies
Carolina
171, 196, 198, 264
Catholic
19, 20, 207–231, 263
Channel, English
193
character. see reputation
Charles II, King of England and Wales, King of Scotland,
211, 215, 228, 232, 257, 259, 260, 266, 267, 268, 269, 273, 274
Charleston
31, 40, 44, 90, 134, 189, 195–199
Chesapeake
41, 213
Chesapeake Bay
195
Chester
1, 155
China
161
clubs
50, 53, 56, 75, 153, 171, 174.
Bristol West India Association, Bush Tavern
coal
176
coffee houses
14–17, 75, 153, 158, 169–171, 187, 196–198, 200, 216–217
naming of
14–16
coins
141n45
Cold War, 1947–1981. see war
Colonial Debts Act, 1732
45–46
Committee for the Colonies, London
268
Commons, House of. see Parliament
communication circuit
182
Company of Royal Adventurers
232, 233n2, 242, 254, 255, 257–258
Congregationalist
216
Connecticut
26, 100
conversation. see spoken word
convoy
1–2, 12, 57, 60, 140
coranto
5, 7, 16
correspondence
1–2, 5–8, 11–12, 16–18, 20–22, 25, 30–32, 35–36, 37–41, 43–44, 46, 54, 58, 64, 76, 82–103, 110–115, 127, 129, 137, 139–145, 150, 152–182, 183–204, 216, 218, 234–247, 256–275
court (law)
44, 45, 108, 114, 117, 188, 213.
Admiralty Court
Court (royal)
102, 111, 112, 120, 169, 274
Court of Assistants
256, 257, 259, 266, 274
credit
7, 8–11, 22, 25–47, 49, 75, 82–103, 137, 138, 149, 162, 164, 177, 181, 259n14
Cromwell, Oliver
207, 261, 269
Curacao
149
Customs House
67, 135, 141
debt
10, 27, 29, 37–47, 137–138, 142, 149, 160, 247, 265, 270, 271, 272
Defoe, Daniel
114
disease
142, 262
doorways
172
Duke of Tuscany
166
Duke of York, James
257–259
Dutch Republic. see Netherlands
Dutch West India Company. see West India Company (Dutch)
dyeing
232
East India Act, 1698
221
East India and Guinea Company
240, 242.
Guinea Company
East India Company (EIC)
21, 40, 54, 124, 217, 220, 221, 232–255
Edinburgh
156, 162
Elizabeth I, Queen of England
52, 211
‘Empire of Letters’
183–187
England
1, 6, 7, 11, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 40, 42, 43, 56–74, 82, 83, 85, 90, 93, 94, 100, 101, 107–126, 130, 135, 137, 138, 143, 144, 146, 148, 149, 159, 167–169, 180, 187, 193, 197, 207, 208, 213–215, 219, 221, 226, 227, 229, 232–255, 256–275
English Civil War, 1642–1651. see war
Exchange Alley
216–217
Exchanges
Amsterdam Exchange
118
Antwerp Exchange
108
Bristol Exchange
14–16
Royal Exchange, London
16, 67, 75, 110–114, 123, 152, 169–170, 172, 180, 217–218
exchange rate current
5
factors
21, 28, 30, 34–38, 42, 96, 141, 156, 235–252, 255, 259–275
family
6–7, 8–9, 27, 41, 82–3, 90, 99, 100, 157–158, 182, 195, 236, 261, 263, 264, 267
Flanders
165
Fontainebleau, Edict of
19
France
2, 4, 11, 12, 16, 19, 20n54, 60, 108n7, 109, 113, 116–123, 130, 137, 140, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, 164, 165, 210n6, 211, 213n19, 215, 220, 223–225, 227, 261, 262, 263, 271.
Nantes, Nice, Paris
New France
19
Franklin, Benjamin
134, 189–193
French and Italian War, 1754–1763. see Seven Years’ War
French Revolution. see revolution
French Revolutionary Wars, 1792–1802. see war
fruit
1
Gambia
261–263.
Gambia Company, River Gambia
Gambia Company
260, 263
gambling. see betting
gender
50, 51–53, 269
Geneva
102
Genoa
102, 108
George I, King of Great Britain
210, 223, 224
Georgia
197
Germany
157
Gibraltar
144
Glasgow
39, 40, 199
Glorious Revolution, 1688–89. see revolution
gold
140–141, 232–233, 237–238, 244–246, 250, 252, 255, 256, 258, 264
Great Britain
4–5, 9, 12, 18–20, 25–47, 59, 82, 85, 87, 90, 100, 127–151, 168, 184, 187, 189–190, 193, 198, 207–217, 220, 222–224, 229–231, 256–257, 259.
England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales
Guildhall
114
Guinea
35, 195, 244, 245
Guinea Company
232, 234, 237, 242, 246–247, 250, 260.
East India and Guinea Company
Haitian Revolution. see revolution
Habermas, Jürgen
110–111, 183
Habsburgs
4, 109, 226
Hamburg
169
Haudenosaunee people
12
Historical Social Network Analysis (HSNA). see Social Network Analysis (SNA)
Huguenots
19, 20n54
Iberian Peninsular
142
indentured servants
17, 266
Indian Ocean
151
Information Revolution
4, 185–186
insurance
1–3, 21–22, 108–110, 124, 143, 146, 148, 160
Ireland
1–2, 12, 13, 26, 30, 39, 107, 120, 122, 148, 207–213, 222–223, 229–230, 266, 269
Irish Revolution. see revolution
Irish Sea
1–2
iron
33, 146–147, 244, 245, 256, 262, 263, 264
Italy
19, 43
ivory
232, 244, 245, 256, 258, 261, 274, 275n84
Jacobite
19, 122–123, 125, 213n19, 223
anti-Jacobite
123
Jacobite Rebellion, 1715
223–224
Jamaica
35, 39–40, 42, 45, 116–117, 149–150, 192, 194–195, 197, 201, 214, 215, 222, 223, 227, 237, 260, 268–272
James Island
260–263
James II and VII, King of England and Wales, King of Scotland
19, 123, 219, 223, 224
James, Duke of York
257–259
Jews
27, 216
Sephardic Jews
216
Kendal
156, 161, 163, 171, 174
King George’s War, 1744–1748. see Austrian Succession, War of
King William’s War, 1690–1697. see Nine Years’ War
Kingston
195, 197, 199, 270.
Jamaica
Kinsale
1–2
Kormantine
240–255
labourers
17, 60, 266
Lancaster, England
149
language
152, 180, 182, 186, 208, 274
League of Augsburg
119
Leeward Islands
20, 207–231
letters. see correspondence
letters of recommendation
163
Licensing of the Press Act, 1662
6, 119
lapse of, 1695
6, 119
Limerick
108, 114–115, 163
linen
33, 245
Lisbon
1–2, 137–138, 140–142, 163.
Portugal
Liverpool
11, 14, 49, 50, 53, 55, 67–76, 165, 194
London
1, 26–27, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38n67, 41–2, 44, 45, 56, 64, 100, 102, 107–126, 133, 137–138, 140, 145, 146, 147, 149, 155, 156, 157, 160, 161, 163, 169, 170, 171, 174, 176, 188, 193, 194, 197, 198, 200, 213–218, 221, 222, 230–231, 236, 242–243, 249, 255, 256–275.
St Paul’s
Lords, House of. see Parliament
Louis XIV
19, 113, 117
Lustring Company
220
Lutheran
216
Madagascar
221
Madeira
194, 197
madeira wine. see wine
mail. see post
Mary II, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland
115, 119
Maryland
41, 188, 199, 211, 213, 225–227, 231
Massachusetts
82–3, 86, 90, 96
Massachusetts Bay Colony
103
Mediterranean
135, 235n11, 239
Merchant Venturers, Bristol, Society of
64–65
Mexico
19
Middle Passage
273
misinformation
3, 110, 114–118, 126, 158, 166, 247.
rumour, truth
Mons
112–123, 125
Montserrat
143, 207–208, 211–213, 222, 229, 267
Morocco Company
257
Namur, siege of, 1695
112–119
Nantes
150
Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815. see war
Navigation Acts, 1651, 1660, 1663, 1673, 1696
213
Netherlands
3–4, 16, 19, 20n54, 100, 109, 113, 124, 126n73, 130, 147–149, 166, 168, 210–213, 236, 239, 243, 251–254, 258–259, 264.
Anglo-Dutch Wars, Dutch West India Company
New Netherlands
20n54, 259n17
Nevis
52, 207–208, 213, 215, 227, 229, 260, 267–270
New England
11, 12n29, 20, 30, 34, 35, 82–103, 127–151, 194n38, 229, 266 and passim.
Boston, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Salem
New France. see France
New Hampshire
135–136, 191, 227
New Jersey
141
New Netherland. see Netherlands
New Spain. see Spain
New York
12n29, 13, 14n38, 20n54, 27, 50, 85, 130, 132–149, 164, 167, 168, 171, 174, 189, 193, 195, 197, 213, 260n17, 267
Newfoundland
102
Newport, Isle of Wight
265
Newport, Rhode Island
136
newspapers
4–6, 14, 16, 110–119, 121, 125–126, 127–151, 180, 183–186, 193, 197, 198, 217
American Weekly Mercury
133, 200–201
Athenian Mercury, The
120–122
Boston Gazette
132–136, 142
Boston News-Letter
131, 133, 137, 138
Daily Courant
112
Exchange Intelligencer
16
Flying Post, The
113, 118
Foreign Post, The
117
Lloyd’s List
197
Lloyd’s Register
130
London Gazette, The
173, 193
New England Courant, The
131
New York Mercury
133–139, 141–144, 147n66, 149
New-York Weekly Journal, The Paris Gazette
115–121
Pennsylvania Gazette, The
134–141
Post Boy and Historical Account, The
112
Post Boy, The
112–113
Protestant Mercury, The
113, 116–117
Weekly Jamaica Courant, The
200n53
Nice
112
Nine Years’ War, 1688–1697. see war
Northey, Sir Edward
20, 207–231
Norwich
123, 156, 178
Office of Assurance, London
108
Ophra
260
oral. see spoken word
Ottoman Empire
19
Oxford, Queen’s College
219
Pacific Ocean
151
packet boats
193–194, 259
‘Papists Act’, 1715
224–225
Paramaribo
199.
Suriname
Paris
117, 175.
Paris Gazette
Parliament
64, 107, 111, 147, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223, 226, 229
House of Commons
42, 223
House of Lords
219
Peck, Daniel, Chester merchant
1–3, 8, 11–12, 21–23, 156, 176
petitions
64, 210, 215–217, 221, 227
Philadelphia
13, 26n9, 38n67, 127–151, 165–168, 189, 191, 194, 195, 197
Peirce, William, English captain and merchant
82–103
Pequot War, 1636–1638. see war
Pirates
143, 146, 269.
privateers
Piscataqua, New Hampshire
135–136
plantation
20, 52, 66, 133, 207–231, 233, 236–238, 246, 256–258, 267, 270–272
port wine
141
Porto
141.
Portugal
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
191, 194
Portugal
19, 140–141
post
1, 2, 17–18, 87, 112, 138, 139, 164, 259–260
role of ships’ captains in
183–204
post office
129, 139, 170–171, 186–193, 198, 259
Post Office Act, 1710
189
Post Office Act, 1765
190
Presbyterian
216
price currents
4, 5, 131–133, 144–145, 200
print
2–7, 14, 16, 18, 21–22, 51, 76, 84, 85, 110–111, 122, 127–151, 154, 180, 183, 196, 197, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 224
Print Revolution
5–6
privateers
2, 12, 13, 143–144, 146–147
Privy Council
108, 216, 221
profit
127–151, 157, 184, 198, 236, 238, 246, 251, 252, 257, 258–259
Protestant
19, 212, 213, 215, 223–229, 263.
Anglican, Lutheran, Presbyterian
Providence, Rhode Island
89, 97, 99, 155, 164
public sphere
110–111, 183–192
Puritan
11, 20, 82–103
Quaker
27, 37, 38n67, 216
quay
17, 75, 152, 158, 172, 272
Queen Anne’s War, 1702–1713. see Spanish Succession, War of
recommendation. see letters of recommendation
reputation
10, 17, 28, 31–32, 37, 39, 42, 46, 60, 75, 83, 86, 90, 91, 160–169, 176–177, 181, 219, 224
revolution
17, 151
American (1765–1791)
11–12, 42, 49, 56, 128, 150, 168, 183
French (1789–1799)
11–12
Glorious (1688–1689)
19, 213, 223, 225
Haitian (1791–1804)
11–12
Information. see Information Revolution
Irish (1798)
11–12
Print. see Print Revolution
Rhine
166
Rhode Island
136, 147n66.
Providence, Rhode Island
risk
2, 9, 12–13, 22, 25, 27, 34, 47, 117, 118, 128, 130, 134, 146–150, 158–161, 212, 214,
Rio de Janeiro
141
River Gambia
258, 261.
Gambia
Rome
114n44, 118
Rotterdam
148–149
Royal Adventurers Trading into Africa, Company of. see Royal African Company
Royal African Company (RAC)
21, 232–233, 237, 242, 254–255, 256–275
Royal Exchange, The. see Exchange
rumour
17, 112–117, 120, 156, 160–169, 181, 253
Rupert, Prince of the Rhine
257–258
Saint-Domingue
144
sailors
17, 132, 185, 195, 274, 275
Salem
100, 136
Savannah, Georgia
190
Saybrook, Connecticut
100
Scotland
12, 38, 40–41, 66, 110, 156n19, 168n72, 201, 210, 267
sequestration
20, 207–231
Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763. see war
Sherbro
260, 261, 263, 270
shop
14, 75, 142, 157, 172, 194, 196
Sierra Leone
21, 260, 262–263
Sint Eustatius
147, 149
slave trade
11, 18, 20, 28, 29, 34–37, 45, 46, 49, 50, 53–54, 64, 67–76, 132n16, 185, 188–189, 221–222, 232–233, 237–238, 246, 256–275
social media
3, 48
Social Network Analysis (SNA)
10, 48–80, 82–103, 234–235, 240–242, 247–249
South Carolina
171, 196, 198
Spain
2, 19, 90, 116n44, 143, 144, 167, 210, 214, 226, 270
New Spain
19
Spanish Succession, War of the, 1702–1714. see war
spoken word
5–6, 16–18, 22, 84, 91, 110, 112, 113, 117, 152–182, 183, 186–188, 201–202, 242
St Christophers. see St Kitts
St Kitts
35, 142, 149, 207, 208, 211, 213, 215, 223–230, 267
St Paul’s, London
111
St Paul’s School, London
219
Stamp Act, 1765
138
staves
157–159, 161, 162, 164–165, 167, 169, 172–173
Stockton-on-Tees
265
Stuarts, House of
19, 211, 213, 224, 258
sugar
35, 56, 65–67, 132–135, 140–141, 233, 259, 267, 271
Suriname
149
Tangier
213, 257
tavern
14, 52, 67, 75, 158, 170, 187, 200.
alehouse
Test Act, 1673
211, 219
textiles
29, 156, 165, 178
Thurloe, John, Secretary of State
261
Thurloe, Thomas
261–262, 266
Tiverton
220
tobacco
38, 41, 56, 140
Tobago
211
Toleration Act, 1689
219, 223, 228
Treasury, The
64, 256n1
trust
2, 7, 8–11, 22, 27, 33, 38–41, 44, 46, 82–103, 149, 159, 163, 164, 167, 196, 200–201, 203–204, 235, 236, 242, 249, 255, 269
Tuscany, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, Duke of
166
United Provinces. see Netherlands
Venice
170
Virginia
33, 38–41, 82, 140, 186, 187, 188, 201, 260, 261, 266–267
wagers. see betting
Wales
153, 207, 208, 229
war
1–2, 11–13, 46, 107–126, 130–131, 143, 144–148, 151, 167, 168, 193, 215, 224, 237, 244
American Revolutionary War, 1775–1783
42, 47, 49, 56, 128, 150, 168, 183
Anglo-Dutch Wars, 1652–1654, 1665–1667, 1672–1674
12, 13, 130, 166, 168, 211–212, 236, 259
Austrian Succession, War of the, 1740–1748
12, 13, 148
Cold War, 1947–1981
48
English Civil War, 1642–1651
85
French Revolutionary Wars, 1792–1802
56–57, 62–63
Napoleonic Wars, 1803–1815
12
Nine Years’ War, 1688–1697
12, 109, 113, 123, 193, 213, 220
Pequot War, 1636–1638
98
Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763
12, 37, 66, 137, 147–148, 191
Spanish Succession, War of the, 1702–1714
2, 12, 118n50, 210, 219, 223, 226
Williamite War, 1689–1691
107
World War II, 1939–1945
48
weather
127, 132, 134–135, 141, 144, 265
Westminster
215
Westminster Hall
169
Westminster Parliament
229
West Africa
18, 21, 26, 29, 34, 232–256, 256–275
West Country
66
West India Company (Dutch)
252n52, 259, 264
West India Company (English)
237, 238n21, 251
West India Society, London
64
West Indies
26, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36, 39, 42, 45, 47, 52, 56–67, 77, 133, 193, 202, 259, 266, 271
William III, King of England and Wales, of Orange, King of Scotland
107, 120, 121, 210, 216, 219, 221, 223, 227, 229
Williamite War, 1689–1691. see war
Williamsburg
189, 201.
Virginia
wine
1, 141, 167, 171, 276
madeira
141
port
141
winter
134, 144, 195
wood
140, 141, 163
World War II, 1939–1945. see war
York Island
261
York River
187
York, Virginia
187, 188
Yorkshire
29–30