Figures
1.1 Newsletter dated 12 February 1600. ASFI, Mediceo del Principato (MdP) vol. 3087, fol. 1 16
1.2 Fortifications along the Sava river in Schiavonia. MdP 4578, fol. 45 27
1.3 Distribution of main hubs 28
1.4 Hubs and places of news 29
4.1 Title page of Alessandro Giraffi, Le rivoluzioni di Napoli ([Napoli: Presso Filippo Alberto, 1647]). Courtesy of Società Napoletana di Storia Patria 85
4.2 Title page of James Howell, An Exact Historie of the Late Revolutions in Naples (London: R. Lowndes, 1664). Courtesy of Società Napoletana di Storia Patria 86
4.3 Engraving of Masniello by Pieter Jode the Younger. Courtesy of Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania 91
4.4 Drawings of Masaniello from Pietro Bacchi’s model. Courtesy of Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania 92
4.5 El Maior Monstro del Mundo y Prodixio dela Italia Tomas Aniello d’Amalfi. Courtesy of Società Napoletana di Storia Patria 95
4.6 Michelangelo Cerquozzi, The Revolt of Masaniello in 1647. Rome, Galleria Spada. Public domain image taken from Wikimedia Commons 97
5.1 Relación del prodigio obrado por San Felipe Neri (Barcelona: Rafael Figueró, 1688). Courtesy of Barcelona, Biblioteca de Catalunya 104
5.2 Relación del prodigio obrado por San Felipe Neri (Valencia: Antonio de Bordázar, 1724). © Valencia, Biblioteca Valenciana Nicolau Primitiu 107
5.3 Prodigios obrados por el gran Patriarca San Felipe Neri en tiempo de terremotos (Valencia: Joseph Thomás Lucas, 1748). © Valencia, Biblioteca Valenciana Nicolau Primitiu 109
5.4 Giovanni Girolamo Frezza (after Pier Leone Ghezzi), Archbishop Orsini extracted from the rubble of the 1688 earthquake, in Pietro Giacomo Bacci and Giacomo Ricci, Vita di S. Filippo Neri Fiorentino, fondatore della Congregazione dell’Oratorio (Rome: Bernabò and Lazzarini, 1745). © Los Angeles, Getty Research Institute 111
5.5 Augustin Bouttats, St Filippo Neri’s vision of the Virgin Mary, in Prodigios obrados por el gran patriarca San Phelipe Neri en tiempo de terremotos (Madrid: Herederos de la viuda de Juan García Infanzón, 1755). © Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España 113
8.1 Van Swoll’s first attack against the Capuchin order, Gazette d’Amsterdam, 5 September 1679 164
8.2 The end of the report from Turin and the report from camp Rivoli. Both praised the Duke of Savoy, in the Nouvelles extraordinaires de divers endroits, 7 June 1696. Image from delpher.nl 179
10.1 Entry detailing the marriage of Dr Younge and Miss English, Folio 4ʳ, A Carrickman’s Diary, Image Courtesy of Waterford Libraries 210
10.2 Entry detailing the marriage of Miss Nancy Dalton and Mr Morrisey, Folio 5ʳ, A Carrickman’s Diary, Image Courtesy of Waterford Libraries 211
10.3 Entry revealing the escape from Kilkenny Jail of Stephen Hearn, Folio 100ᵛ, A Carrickman’s Diary, Image Courtesy of Waterford Libraries 212
11.1 William Hogarth (1697–1794), Industry and Idleness, Plate 11; The Idle ‘Prentice Executed at Tyburn 229
13.1 John Ritchie, ‘A Summer Day in Hyde Park’ (detail) (oil on canvas, 1858), Museum of London Collections, MOL 5636. © Museum of London / Bridgeman Images 264
13.2 Charles Gordon, Journals, 13 October 1884, p. 191 273
13.3 The Mafeking Mail siege newspaper masthead, 10 November 1899 277
17.1 Inside cover of Úna Ní Ógáin’s album presented to Hyde at Christmas 1906. Image courtesy of the James Hardiman Library, Morrisroe-Connolly Collection, at NUI Galway, G37, Hyde Scrapbook 332
17.2 Cover of Douglas Hyde’s 1904–1907 diary. Courtesy of the National Library Ireland, LS G 1047 336
17.3 Hyde’s American tour schedule. Image courtesy of the National Library Ireland, NLI LS 18 253 337
17.4 Dr Douglas Hyde, A Distinguished Irish Orator addressing a large audience in the Massey Hall, Toronto (The News, Toronto, 18 May 1906) 338
17.5 Postcard sent by Douglas Hyde entitled What the Earthquake did in Half a Minute. It depicts a scene from the stark aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. Image courtesy of Aidan Heavey Collection, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland, DPC-AT-045 348
17.6 Filleadh an Chraoibhín—Hyde’s return from America (June 1906) 352
18.1 Louis Raemaekers, ‘The Wonders of Culture’, ‘Land and Water’ Edition of Raemaekers Cartoons (London: Land and Water, 1916), Part 8 357
18.2 Will Dyson, ‘Wonders of Science!’, Kultur Cartoons (London: Stanley Paul, 1915) 363
18.3 Louis Raemaekers, ‘The Zeppelin Triumph’, ‘Land and Water’ Edition, Part 3. ‘But Mother had done nothing wrong, had she, Daddy?’ 365
18.4 Louis Raemaekers, ‘The Zeppelin Raider’, ‘Land and Water’ Edition, Part 14 366
18.5 J. M. Staniforth, ‘Gott Mit Uns’, Western Mail, 27 December 1917. ‘The year 1917, with its great battles, has proved that the German people has in the Lord of Creation above an unconditional and avowed ally, on Whom it can absolutely rely. Without Him all would have been in vain … You have seen how in this last four years of war God’s hand has visibly prevailed, punished treachery, and rewarded heroic perseverance’—Kaiser’s address to his troops 367
18.6 Frank Townsend, ‘Essence of Parliament: Funk-Holes for Ministers—designed for protection against raids by our air-experts’, Punch, 29 March 1916 369
18.7 J. M. Staniforth, ‘The Only Way To Stop It’, Western Mail, 27 September 1917. John Bull: ‘H’m! I shall be better satisfied when I read of my air-men taking reprisals on Essen and other German towns. Until then I must expect those raids on London to continue’ 370
18.8 Frank Townsend, ‘The Letter and the Spirit’, Punch, 10 October 1917. Prime Minister: ‘You young rascal! I never said that’. Newsboy: ‘Well, I’ll lay yer meant it’ 371
18.9 ‘Poy’, ‘Sausage for Tea’, Poy’s War Cartoons from ‘The Evening News’ (London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1915). A cartoon on the great feat of the late Lieut. Warneford, V.C. 373
18.10 Frank Townsend, ‘A Wasted Life’, Punch, 27 September 1916. Kaiser (to Count Zeppelin): ‘Tell me, Count, why didn’t you invent something useful, like the “tanks”?’ 374
18.11 J. M. Staniforth, ‘To The Vile Dust’, Western Mail, 19 June 1917. ‘To the vile dust from whence they sprung, Unwept, unhonour’d, and unsung’ 375
18.12 Frank Townsend, Punch, 3 November 1915. ‘By Jove! Isn’t it low? I believe I could hit it with my gun!’. ‘Oh, please, dear, don’t do anything to irritate it!’ 377
18.13 Frank Townsend, ‘Echoes of the Air-Raids’, Punch, 17 October 1917. First Souvenir-hunter: ‘Found anyfink, ‘Erb?’ Second ditto: ‘No; but that’ll be all right. They’re sure to come again termorrer night’ 377
Tables
1.1 Word frequencies in 1600 corpus 17
8.1 Huguenot Gazettes: days of publication, publishers, and years of circulation 169
8.2 Numbers of advertisements appearing in the Huguenot gazettes during 1677–1687, 1688–1697 & 1698–1701, and the percentage of French notices within the total corpus of advertisements 175
16.1 Frequency of ‘Provisional’ tropes encountered in news narratives about radical Republicans, from a selection of 50 articles 317
17.1 Hyde’s lecture locations in California from 21 February 1906 to 22 March 1906. Taken from National Library Ireland MS 18 253 339
18.1 Cartoons and publications assessed 359