Figures
1 Selection of image schemas 23
2 Complex schema for Enter 24
3 Symbolic assembly 25
4 Concordance lines for topple in British National Corpus 28
5 British newspaper quality and political orientation 30
6 Canonical two-participant action chain 31
7 Force-dynamic representation 31
8 Motion schema 32
9 Free motion vs. impact on Goal schemas 34
10 Steady-state vs. shift-in-state (transfer of strength) schemas 35
11 Shift-in-state of impingement: onset letting 35
12 One-sided vs. two-sided action chains 36
13 Default motion schema 40
14 Multiplex vs uniplex structure 43
15 Force-dynamic notation 47
16 Steady-state Force schemas 48
17 Shift-in-state patterns of force-interaction 51
18 Non-impingement 53
19 Path windowing 61
20 Instrument for Agent metonymy 62
21 Particularising vs. generalising metonymy 63
22 Two-participant action chain 65
23 TR/LM alignment in active vs. passive voice 66
24 Scope of attention in transitive vs. intransitive verb constructions 68
25 Profiling in agentless passive constructions 68
26 Scanning 69
27 Agent-Instrument profile 71
28 Profiling in patientless active construction 71
29 Rescoping of attention 72
30 Exterior vs. interior viewpoint 75
31 Angle 78
32 Distance 78
33 Anchor 78
34 Three-dimensional model of viewpoint 79
35 Body axes 80
36 Viewing arrangements in anchor 80
37 Viewpoint in pictures of protest 81
38 Nominalisation as shift in angle 83
39 Visual analogue of nominalisation in discourse of protest 83
40 Visual analogue of uniplex structure in discourse of protest 84
41 Windowing of attention as viewpoint shift in distance 85
42 Visual analogue of cause-mystifying constructions as close-up 85
43 Expanded scope of attention 85
44 Image schema orientation task 87
45 Axis angles for transitive vs reciprocal verb construction 89
46 Transversal arrangements for reciprocal verb constructions 89
47 Sagittal arrangements for transitive verb constructions 90
48 Blame assignment in transitive vs reciprocal verb constructions 92
49 Blame assignment within reciprocal verb constructions 92
50 Aggression perception in transitive versus reciprocal verb constructions 93
51 Aggression perception within reciprocal verb constructions 93
52 Viewpoint manipulation in images of protest 93
53 Blame assignment in images of protest 94
54 Basic discourse space 98
55 Body axes 99
56 Spatial proximisation 103
57 Narrative spatial proximisation 105
58 Counter-force schema 105
59 Past-focussed temporal proximisation 106
60 Present vs past perfective 107
61 Past perfect and present perfect in discourse space 108
62 Imperfective aspect 108
63 Present imperfective in discourse space 108
64 Temporal proximisation as translation 109
65 Epistemic and temporal proximisation 110
66 Ideological cognitive model for axiological opposition 112
67 Positive axiological proximisation 113
68 Negative axiological proximisation 114
69 Metaphor matrix 123
70 Examples of fascist discourse featuring contested metaphors 131
71 Legitimating effects of Fire metaphor in protest discourse 133
72 Support for frame-consistent statements 136
73 Covid-19 is war 141
74 UKIP Brexit poster 142
75 Cross modal elaboration 143
76 First framing 144
77 Barbed wire barricades used by German defences in the Battle of the Somme 147
78 Soldiers ‘going over the top’ of the trenches in World War I 148
79 Example of wildlife reporting 153
80 Media battle map 155
81 Jack in the box toy 161
82 ‘Barricades’ scene in Les Miserables 162
83 Eugène Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People 162
84 Division of focus in multimodal cognitive linguistics 165
85 Transitivity structure in language 166
86 Transitivity structure repeated in image 166
87 Multimodal construction 168
88 Intersemiotic convergence in action schema 173
89 Intersemiotic convergence in bi-directional action chain 173
90 Circumvented vs penetrated barrier in hindered motion schema 174
91 Intersemiotic convergence in viewpoint (sagittal) 178
92 Intersemiotic convergence in viewpoint (transversal) 178
93 Blending between modes 180
94 Path windowing 181
Tables
1 Construal operations 19
2 Partial inventory of image schemas 23
3 Indexes of Action, Force and Motion 33
4a Police activated 33
4b Protesters activated 33
5 Total number of reciprocal action schemas in each newspaper as a function of the total number of Action events in which the police versus protesters are activated as Agents 37
6 Image schema orientations selected by per centage of subjects 87
7 Mean axis angles for transitive vs reciprocal verb constructions 88
8 Partial content of War frame 120
9 Frame-consistent statements 135
10 Examples of responses in justification task 137
11 Gesture classification by function 186
12 Data sources in Farage study 191