| Figures | ||
| 1 | Image of the cedar tree from the map of San Miguel Chiquistepeque y San Francisco Puctla, New Spain (1757) | XIV |
| 2 | The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth before and after the 1772 partition | 31 |
| 3 | Pine Mast from Riga | 39 |
| 4 | Foot and Span Measurements Used in the Timber Trade in Baltic Ports | 40 |
| 5 | Ships loaded with timber in 1760, according to the Count of Aranda’s report | 41 |
| 6 | 18th-century map showing the coast of the southern Baltic Sea from Pomerania to the Gulf of Riga | 92 |
| 7 | Map from 1793 showing the layout of mountains and rivers in the provinces of Veracruz and Oaxaca. With marked cedars felling sites. Made by Miguel del Corral & Joaquín de Aranda | 135 |
| 8 | The royal tinglado project in Veracruz for timber storage (1764). Made by Miguel de Santiestevan | 137 |
| 9 | Plan that includes the bar and entrance of the Coatzacoalcos River from the Gulf of Mexico | 150 |
| 10 | Plans and sections of a fort to defend the entrance of the bar and river of Alvarado and Tlacotalpan village | 151 |
| 11 | Map of the coast of the Mexican Sound from Puntilla de Piedra to Coatzacoalcos, which also includes the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (1777) | 155 |
| 12 | Laguna de Términos, the presidio of Carmen on the Isla del Carmen and main villages and rivers (1792). Made by Juan Manuel de Bonilla | 168 |
| 13 | The map shows the territorial draft of Intendencia of Oaxaca (1774) | 171 |
| 14 | The map shows the territorial draft of Intendencia of Veracruz (1774) | 171 |
| 15 | The map shows the territorial draft of Intendencia of Yucatan (1774) | 172 |
| 16 | View of a tinglado or tillado, where the boats and launches of the ships were built, and painted in order to preserve all the cedar planking for use in the ships | 182 |
| 17 | Wooden genoles for the construction of ships designed by del Toral with the details of each carved part | 187 |
| 18 | Plan of the island and settlement of Tlacotalpan, an important site for shipbuilding and logging in the province of Veracruz (1786) | 199 |
| 19 | Arrival of New Spanish wood to naval departments (1784–1787) | 203 |
| 20 | Wood sent to naval departments and stored in Veracruz (1784–1787) | 204 |
| 21 | Representation of a frigate in the shipyard | 237 |
| 22 | English method of cutting timber using large saws | 237 |
| 23 | Different figures of tree trunks and branches to give an idea of how to appropriate them to all the parts that go into the construction of a ship | 238 |
| Representation of the principal parts of which the 12 main frames of a ship are composed, all the parts of the keel, stern and stem, and the members of the main frame | 238 | |
| 25 | View of a stern and bow of a ship from the inside, showing most of its parts | 239 |
| 26 | Preservation of construction timbers in stacks, and sheds; recognition after felling, of their quality and manner of placing them anywhere so that they were ventilated | 239 |
| 27 | Tools and utensils used by carpenters in construction and shipbuilding, such as a set of drill, hammers, screwdrivers, chisels, etc. | 240 |
| 28 | Representation and figure of the main parts of a ship’s transom, fins and plans, bowsprits, curved orcazes, sleepers and hogsheads, orcón and coral curve | 240 |
| 29 | Pieces of oak and elm wood, which are used in a ship of 68 or 70 guns of English system, being the same as those of the frigates, although in smaller proportion | 241 |
| 30 | Representation and figure of the formation of the masting of a ship such as masts, spars, spars, bends, bowsprits, etc. | 241 |
| Maps | ||
| 1 | Main Naval Routes for Timber between the Baltic Sea and Spain | 28 |
| 2 | European rivers and forests and the borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth before 1772 | 29 |
| 3 | South Baltic ports and borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth before 1772 | 30 |
| 4 | Forests belonging to the Massalski family, from which wood was obtained | 51 |
| 5 | Timber shipped from the southern Baltic ports to Spain (1750–1799) | 64 |
| 6 | Wood felling and storage places in Pomerania mentioned in Wöchentlich-Stettinische | 75 |
| 7 | Forests belonging to the Radziwiłł family from timbers were sent to Baltic ports in Königsberg, Memel, and Riga | 110 |
| 8 | Places of felling and storing wood, which was later sent by the rivers to the ports of Szczecin, Gdańsk, Königsberg, Memel, and Riga | 125 |
| 9 | Forests, storage sites, and ports where timber harvested in the provinces of Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatan was shipped | 170 |
| 10 | Maritime routes used to transport wood from logging sites to main ports and then to Havana and the metropolis | 206 |
| 11 | Places where the Spanish Crown obtained wood, as well as those where inspections were carried out to discover more forests that could provide timber for shipbuilding | 225 |
| Tables | ||
| 1 | Estimate of the pine planking needed to build 19 70-gun ships in the departments of El Ferrol, Cádiz, and Cartagena | 32 |
| 2 | Direct trade between Gdańsk/Danzig and Spain in the 1750s, according to the customs office of the Sund (Denmark) | 34 |
| 3 | Examples of prices of different kinds of mast in the Gil de Meesters’ asiento (1751) | 38 |
| 4 | Number of ships-of-the-line built in the royal shipyards between 1751 and 1756 | 38 |
| 5 | Estimate of masting needs for the construction of ships-of-the-line in Cartagena (1761) | 43 |
| 6 | Estimate of masting needs for the construction of frigates in Cartagena (1761) | 44 |
| 7 | Estimate of masting needs for the construction of chambequines in Cartagena (1761) | 45 |
| 8 | Estimate of masting needs for the construction of xebecs in Cartagena (1761) | 45 |
| 9 | Invoice for the boards leaving from Gdańsk/Danzig to El Ferrol aboard the Dutch ship Santa Cornelia Germina on 31 October 1761 | 47 |
| 10 | Landholders from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with whom contracts were signed to supply masting to Cádiz in 1765 | 48 |
| 11 | Landholders from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with whom contracts were signed to supply masting to Cádiz in 1766 | 49 |
| 12 | Landholders from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with whom contracts were signed to supply masting to Cádiz in 1767 | 50 |
| 13 | Ships with timber for naval construction sourced from the Baltic by asentista Carlos María Marraci (1779) | 59 |
| 14 | Report of ships arriving at El Ferrol from the Baltic in Prussian and Russian ships in 1781 | 62 |
| 15 | Total number of Spain-bound ships from the southern Baltic recorded by the Sound Toll (1740–1799) | 63 |
| 16 | Number of Spain-bound southern Baltic ships loaded with timber recorded by the Sound Toll (1740–1799) | 63 |
| 17 | Ships-of-the-line and frigates launched in the 1770s, during the northern timber asientos awarded to Chone and Marraci | 64 |
| 18 | Ships with timber rejected by the intendent of La Carraca in 1794 | 68 |
| 19 | Annual maintenance expenses of the Marina Real after the American War of Independence | 72 |
| 20 | Adverts for the sale of ship timber in Szczecin/Stettin according to the Wöchentlich-Stettinische Frag (1750–1771) | 76 |
| 21 | Adverts for the sale of shipbuilding wood from the Province of Neumark in Szczecin/Stettin according to the Wöchentlich-Stettinische Frag (1759–1770) | 79 |
| Examples of tax fees for ship timber and masts from the 1777 edict | 85 | |
| 23 | Dimensions and prices of oak boards in Szczecin/Stettin as described by Chone (1775) | 89 |
| 24 | Dimensions and prices of oak beams in Szczecin/Stettin as described by Chone (1775) | 89 |
| 25 | Shipping in the port of Gdańsk/Danzig according to Danzinger Nachrichten (1765–1795) | 93 |
| 26 | Number of ships loaded with timber dispatched to other European countries from Gdańsk/Danzig according to departure registers from Danzinger Nachrichten (1775–1784) | 94 |
| 27 | Oak beams and logs floated down the Vistula River (1775–1785) | 97 |
| 28 | Extraction, storage, and trade of timber from the Białowieska Forest in 1765 | 100 |
| 29 | Extraction, storage, and trade of timber from the Białowieska Forest in 1766 | 100 |
| 30 | Extraction, storage, and trade of timber from the Białowieska Forest in 1767 | 100 |
| 31 | Radziwiłł wood production centres (1744–1766) | 111 |
| 32 | Radziwiłł wood production centres (1767–1793) | 114 |
| 33 | Wood types (in pieces) produced in the Radziwiłł estates (1744–1766) | 117 |
| 34 | Wood types (in pieces) produced in the Radziwiłł estates (1767–1793) | 118 |
| 35 | Number of beams and baulks (in pieces) obtained from the Radziwiłł forests divided by length (1767–1780) | 119 |
| 36 | Number of beams and baulks (in pieces) obtained from the Radziwiłł forests divided by length (1788–1793) | 120 |
| 37 | List of merchants in the Radziwiłł family commercial network (1741–1794) | 122 |
| 38 | Examples of amount of wood hauled in the Radziwiłł forests (1767–1776) | 123 |
| 39 | Examples of the amount of wood hauled in the Radziwiłł forests (1777–1788) | 124 |
| 40 | Examples of profits for the Radziwiłł family from the wood trade (1776–1778) | 124 |
| 41 | Length of timber for masting from Chimalapas, according to Antonio de Gregorio (in cubits) | 138 |
| 42 | Felling, dragging, and transport costs for one full masting from the hills of Ysguacan de los Reyes to La Antigua | 153 |
| 43 | Masting requested by the Havana arsenal | 162 |
| 44 | Trees identified as useful for masting in Monte Tadquapan | 164 |
| 45 | Trees identified as useful for masting in La Pila | 166 |
| 46 | Dimension of keels set out in Luis del Toral’s specifications for José Jiménez’s asiento | 193 |
| 47 | Inventory of woods delivered by asentistas in Veracruz (1787) | 200 |
| 48 | Amounts of wood delivered in Veracruz and sent to the naval departments in 1784–1787, according to del Toral’s estimates | 202 |
| 49 | Wood parts required for two 60-gun ships-of-the-line in the Havana shipyard, according to Manuel Carlos Garibaldo’s 1777 proposal | 213 |
Image of the cedar tree from the map of San Miguel Chiquistepeque y San Francisco Puctla, New Spain (1757) (Archivo General de la Nación de México, Mapas, Planos e Ilustraciones (280), MAPILU/210100/2322 San Miguel Chiquistepeque y San Francisco Puctla; Minas de Sacualpa. Edo. de Méx., 2231)
