General Index
Academy of Lausanne
21
ACO storage ring, Paris
141
Adams, J. C.
69
Adams, John
93
Admiralty, the British
6, 7, 14, 16, 17, 96, 97, 98–100, 103, 104, 105, 107, 114, 117, 123, 200
Admiralty Compass Committee
6, 7, 12, 13, 14
Admiralty Compass Department
6
Admiralty Compass Observatory
1, 6–20
catalogue
7–11
Deptford Dockyard
7
Dutton Park, near Slough
7
museum
13, 14, 17, 19, 20
Woolwich
7
aircraft
106
air-moisture content, measurement
see humidity
Alexander, [George]
16
Al-Karakī
148, 149, 150, 152, 166
Allerthorpe, Yorkshire
58
altazimuth mounts
50
altitude of the Sun
153
A.M. Nomikos Maritime Company
72
amateur astronomy in nineteenth-century Britain
57
AND logic gate
212
angular scales
4, 167–177
division and reading
167
Apelquist, Carl
41, 42, 43, 47, 48–49, 52
jackscrews
42
machine tools
42
Aristotelian physics
172
arithmometer
195
armillary sphere
44
Armstrong, Sir W. G.
60
Army, British
20
asteroid 9 Metis
69
astrolabes
150, 153, 154, 155, 157
astrology
80
astronomical observations
84, 88, 89, 117
lunar
50, 51
nebular
50, 51, 55
research
141, 170
astronomers
4, 151
Greek
2
astronomy, spherical
151, 164
astrophotography
69
Athens
71–75
atmosphere, state of
23
atmospheric pressure
23, 31
relative humidity
23, 28
temperature
23
August, Ernst Ferdinand
25
Austin, John
129
Australia
202–208
authorities
4
azimuth
153
babies, flat headedness in
81
Baines, Robert Raines
100, 102, 103, 106, 120, 130
Baldini, Ugo
175
ballistic missile
138
Bamber, James
130
Banks, Joseph
179, 186
Young’s eriometer
179–181
barometer
24
Barlow, Peter
19
Barrow, [Henry]
9, 11
Bassett, John
128
Bassi, Piero
219
Beaufort, Sir Francis, Hydrographer to the Navy
6, 7, 19
Beaver Cay
206
Bedford, Walter
127
Belgium
23
Berlin
25, 27
Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstralung (BESSY II)
143
Bern
27, 32, 37
Meteorological Observatory
21, 27
Director
21, 27
Bethe, Hans
214
Bohr, Niels
214
Bill, Robert
113, 115, 116
gas lighting scheme
115
manufacturing pianofortes
115
Bingham, Arthur Batt
95, 99, 130
Binnig, Gerd
143
biological research
3
biologists
3
Birmingham
215
Blackett, Patrick M. S.
212, 214, 215, 219
Blunt, London
11
Blunt, New York
9
Board of Longitude
3, 14, 16, 17, 92, 93, 96, 98–99, 100, 102, 103, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119
Board of Trade
19
Bombay Engineers
7
Borgondio, Orazio
4, 167, 174–177
Mémoires pour l’histoire des sciences et des beaux arts (1720)
174, 176
Boscovitch, Ruggero
175
Boswell, John Whitley
91, 129
Boston
109–110
Boston Marine Society
109
Bouguer, Pierre
89–91, 122
conical log and sinker
89, 91–92
Bourne, William
84
Bradford & Son, [George] London
8
Brahe, Tycho
167, 170–174
Astronomiae instuauratae mechanica (1598)
170, 171, 172
brain, animal
81
extinct
81
shape
81
brain, human
77–83
aging
78
cognition
78
shape
77
size
77
understanding of
78
brake-drum
58
Brazil
174
Bredman, Johannes
49
Bridges-Lee, John
195
Bristol
215
Brisbane Barrier Reef Committee
203
British Astronomical Association
60
Brombacher, W. G.
24
Brougham, Henry Peter
185
Brown, John
143
Browse, Henry
130
Brunner of Paris
194
Brunton, James, Compass Examiner
7–8
Bryden, D. J.
3
Bulgaria
63
Buonanni, Filippo
175
Burney, James
99–100, 130
Burney, William
88
Burtsal, William
126
Burt’s buoy and knipper
111, 123
calculators, input-output
4, 150
Calais
58
Cambridge, UK
2, 57, 69–71, 215
Campbell, W. W.
70
Canadian Rockies
195
candle flame
183, 188
Canterbury
104
Capacci, Domenico
174, 175, 176
Capella
70
carbon
16
Carbone, Giovanni Battista
174, 175, 176
Cary, William
104
cascade voltage multiplier
27
Cockcroft-Walton
27
Greinacher
27
Cassella, Louis Pascal
195
Castrioto, Felix Antonio
127
CCD chip
135, 136
celestial mechanics
38
celestial observations
see astronomical observations
CERN
224, 225
Céspedes, Andrés Garcia de
167, 172
Regimiento de Navegación (1606)
172
Ceylon
204
Chance Brothers, Birmingham
59
Chicago
61, 214
Christie, Samuel Hunter
7, 12
Christie, W. H.
69
chronometers
125
Clark, Alvan
61
Clark, Alvan and Sons
61
Clavius, Christopher
167, 173
Clay, baked
21
Clement, Leandre
95, 103–104, 131
current meter
103
engine indicator
103–104
sillometer
103–104
submarine thermometer
103–104
cloud chamber, made in Padua
4, 209–225
Cockcroft, John
27
Cockcroft-Walton cascade voltage multiplier
27
Cockcroft-Walton generator, 1-million-volt
210, 211, 214
collection, reference
12
Combe, George
78, 80
The Constitution of Man, 1828
78
comet
68
comet of 1577
170
commercial success
125
Common, A. Ainslie
69
compass
Admiralty Standard
7, 13
azimuth
11
binnacle
9
boat’s
8–9, 11
Chinese
8
Danish
12, 13
development
6
hanging
8
magnetic
6–20, 153, 155, 156, 159, 161, 163
needles
12, 17
night illumination of the card
124
originality
12
tank
20
technical details of
12
compilers of dictionaries and encyclopaedias
90–95
Compton, Arthur
214
computed tomography
144
construction of knowledge
1
consumers
4
Cook, Captain James
107
Cooke, Frederick
59
Cooke, John
106, 128
Cooke, Thomas
2, 3, 58–61
first equatorial telescope factory in Britain
59
death, 1868
60
Cooke, Thomas, jr.
59
Cooper, William
127
Copenhagen
214
Copernicus, Nicolaus
44
Cornell University
214
cosmic-ray research
4, 210, 215, 219
Cosnahan, Mark
105, 130
auxiliary paddle steamer Victory
105
cost of production
3
Costa, Francisco da
172
Arte de Navegar (1596)
172
Coventry
115, 116
craftsmen, a skilled class of
156
cranial cavity
78
Cresti, Marcello
216, 217, 218, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225
Crichton, Michael
80
Cronstrand, Simon Anders
38, 44, 49, 52, 55
Crowe, [of] Faversham
10
curators
1
Danger, R., micrometer
72
Darwin, G. H.
69
Dashtakī
149, 152, 153, 155, 156
Davies, S. B.
109–110
Davy, Humphry
186, 191
dead reckoning
84, 85, 88, 89, 125
mile to a degree
85
Dearborn Observatory
61
Debenham, Frank
202
De La Rue, Warren
63, 194
Deluc, Jean-André
24
Denmark
13, 58
Denning, W. F.
64
Dent, [Edward]
9
Dent’s Axis [compass]
9
Deptford
107
Derby, named gentleman of
98
Desaguliers, J. T.
97
desiccant
22, 28, 31
Dession, Joseph
85
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY
) 139, 140
Deutschmann, Martin
222, 223, 224
deviation angle
159
Deville, Édouard
195
Dewhirst, D. W.
59
Dickman, [John], Leith
10
diffraction grating
70, 137, 138
diffraction, optical
4, 134, 135
diffraction ring of transmitted light
184
diffusion
through porous materials
22–23
diffusion hygrometer
see hygrometer, diffusion
distance run
84
Dollond, London
38
10-foot refractor
38
Dolomites
219
Dorpat refractor
46
Dover
58
Drigo, Angelo
213
Dublin
71
Dudley, Robert
173–174
Dell’Arcano del Mare (1646–47)
173
Dufour, Henri
22
Dufour, Louis
21, 22, 28, 29
Dundee
57, 58
Dunn, Richard
1–2, 226, 228
Dunsterville, compass maker
16
Earth’s axis
44, 48, 49
Earth’s magnetic field
14, 226
East India Company
88, 106, 107, 118
ship Worcester
93
Edinburgh
78, 91, 190
Edinburgh Phrenological Society
78
Edye, Lieutenant, RN
10
Efstathiadis, N.
72
Ekström, Daniel
41
workshop
41
electrotechnology
27
Elswick-on-Tyne
60
Elvey, John
98, 104, 131
Encyclopaedia Britannica
91, 110
Encyclopaedia Metropolitana
91, 122
Engineering magazine
195
England
53, 92, 103, 108, 120
EPFL, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
21
equatorial mount
for Herschel telescope
38–56
Nairne
45–48
eriometer, Young’s
4, 178–192
as a measuring device
186
determining the size of wool fibres
178, 181, 184, 186–187
examples
179
use
178, 183–185
European Astronomical Union, General Assembly 1955
71
Evans, Captain [Frederick]
19
Evans, George
95, 106, 131
Everest, Mount
198
expeditions
193
Arctic, 1839
6, 19, 120
Great Barrier Reef, 1928
4, 193, 201, 202–206, 208
polar, 1773
100
polar, 1777
89
Shaksgam Valley, 1926
201
factories
57
failures
1–5, 6–20, 21–37, 38–56, 57–76, 77–83, 84–131, 132–147, 148–166, 167–177, 178–192, 193–208, 209–225, 226–235
commercial
21–37
context of
1, 4, 5, 133, 165, 193
economic causes
3, 4, 208, 225, 234
expected part of scientific practice
1, 133, 226
from air pollution
57, 64
from complexity
177
from lack of logistical support
4, 197, 207
from lack of management
55, 64, 76
from wrong users
186–190
human
235
importance of
83
integral part of scientific practice
1, 226
of new technology to replace old
117–125, 192
political causes
4, 225
reasons for failure
3, 64, 76, 146–147, 177, 192, 193, 208
social factors
3, 4, 90, 133, 165, 192
spatial factors
193
technical
55, 90, 234
temporal factors
193, 224
what can be learned from
1–5
Falconer, William
88
Dictionary of the Marine
88, 95
farmers
183
wool fibre diameter
178, 183
fascist racial laws
4, 214
Fergusson, Edward
129
Fermi, Enrico
213, 225
Ferndene, Gateshead
58, 61–69
portable observatory dome
63
Fisher, George
17
First World War
196, 198, 199, 201
Flamsteed, John
45
Flinders Island
203
Flinders, Matthew
19
Florence
173
Flums, Switzerland
196, 201
fog
2, 201, 209
folk astronomical practices
148, 150
Fourcade, Henry
196
Foxon, William
91–92, 100, 106, 107, 108, 118, 126
France
13
Fraser, William
42
Fraunhofer, Joseph
46
Fremantle, Western Australia
204
French government
194
French, [Mr]
10
Fresnel zone plates
132, 134, 135
as lenses
137
“Froehn” problem
22
fusion process in the Sun’s core
136
Gabor, Dennis
132, 141
Gall, Franz Joseph
77–78, 80
Gateshead
58, 61–69
gazetteer
159, 161, 162, 163, 164
Geiger-Müller counters
212, 218
Geminorum
38, 39
Geneva
24, 27
Gentleman’s Magazine
123
geodetical research
52
George, Captain [Christopher]
9
George I, king of Great Britain
96
German Volkswagenstiftung
141
Germany
57
Lower Saxony
142
mines
57
Gernandt, Edvard
52
Gibraltar
204
Gilbert, [William], London
8, 11, 12
compound needle
13
magnetic compass
12
Gilbert and Wright, instrument makers to the East India Company
93
Gill, David
63
Gilmore, Joseph
92, 126
Glaisher, J. W. L.
69
glass disks
59
floated in mercury
60
gnomon, folding
159
Gompertz, Lewis
123
Goold Island
205
Gordon, L. D. B.
57
Gosport, naval academy at
88
Göttingen
190, 223
Max-Planck-Institut
223
University Observatory
132, 136, 141
Gottlieb, Valentine
91, 92, 100, 120, 128
patents for cranes and axle-trees
91
Gould, Chester
106, 108–111, 119, 128
Gould’s perpetual log
90, 108, 119
Gould, Horace
108–110
Gower, Richard Hall
93, 94, 118, 119, 128, 129
experimental vessel Transit
93
improved patent log
Gowland, [George]
11
Graham, Andrew
69
Grant, Alexander
93
Grant, Charles, vicomte de Vaux
91, 92, 95, 129
Grant’s hydroscope
91, 94
graph
31
grating monochromator
136
Graves, Thomas
99, 131
Greinacher, Heinrich
2, 21, 27–32
Greece
71–76
Greenwich Observatory
45
Grozier, Jim
223
Grubb, Sir Howard
70
Grubb Parsons and Co. Ltd., Sir Howard
72
Grubb Telescope Company
70
Guerimand, Jacques
119–120, 127
Guernsey
96, 97
Guerriero, Luciano
217, 220, 223, 224, 225
Guildford
201
Hog’s Back
201
Gurney, Hudson
192
Gustav VI Adolf, king of Sweden
53
Haenni
36–37
Hall, Asaph
61
Hallowell, Rear Admiral [Sir Benjamin]
16
Hällström, Carl Peter
38
Hamburg
139
Hamill, Hugh
91, 106, 129
Hamilton, Thomas
91, 99, 106, 128
Hanisch, Paul
186
reconstruction of Young’s eriometer
186–188
Hardy, Arthur Sherburne
194
Harkness, William
61
Harris, John
85
Harris, Sir William Snow
9, 10
heat-related problems
22
heaving the log
84, 85
Hebling, Dr Robert
196
Heerbrugg
196
Heidenhain enterprise in Traunreut
137
Heisenberg, Werner
222
Hellström, Peter
43–44
Herschel, William
2, 3, 38, 39, 51
discoveries of nebulae
41
discovery of planet Uranus
54
mirror
39–42
mount
39, 42–52
optics
39
portrait by Lemuel Francis Abbot
54
7-foot reflector
38–56
Higginson, Francis
100, 101, 131
Hilster, Nicolàs de
5, 196
Himalayas
201
Hinks, Arthur R.
197, 198, 199, 200
historians of instruments
20, 159
historical scientific apparatus
1
history
77
history of science
77, 150
importance of failures
77, 78–80
Hodge, Arthur
130
Holiday, Henry
64–68
Holland
97
The Hague
97
holographic techniques
132, 137, 141
Hookey, James
100, 101, 131
silver medal for fish-shaped log
100
Hubble Space Telescope
232–235
Huggins, William
63
Hull-built whaler
100
Hull glue factory
100
humidity
23
Hunt, Frederick
13–14
Hutchison, D. A.
197, 199, 200
Hydrographic Office, London
8, 9, 11
hygrometers
dew point
24, 25–26
diffusion
2, 21–37
double diffusion
27–29
absolute humidity
25
relative humidity
25
electrical
21
electronic recording
21, 26
gravimetric
24
hair
2, 23, 24, 36, 37
accuracy low
24
calibration
24
minimal maintenance
24
simple to use
24
modern capacitive (TESTO 608–H2)
33, 37
new types
37
simplified diffusion, Greinacher’s
29–31, 35
synthetic fibres
24
wet-and-dry bulb
23–24, 25
hygroscope
24
Iberia
172
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome
210, 211
images of biological specimens
132, 144
did not convince biologists
132
impeller
118, 120
clogged with weed
120
India
7, 106
industries, English
4, 178–192
agricultural
4, 178–192
medical
4, 178–192
textile
4, 178–192
innate conservatism of users
3
Institute of Mechanical Engineers
58
instruction manual
33, 158
instrumentation, scientific
1, 13, 89, 150, 153, 155, 156, 161, 167, 176
astronomical
2–3, 38–56, 57–76, 167–177
European
165
for nuclear particle detection
27
incorporating photography
193–208
magnetic
2, 6–20
navigational
6, 167–177
instrument maker
5, 45, 161, 164, 227–231
apprentice
229–231
designer
5
fabricator
5
perspective
5, 226–235
stages of making an instrument
227–232
usefulness of failure
226
interferometry
232
Iran
4, 162
Isfahan
159
Islamic society in
155, 165
Safavid
165
Iraq
201
Mosul boundary project
201–202
iron filings
16, 17
Italian National Research Council
214
Italian physics
5, 209–225
Italian Space Agency
225
Jarvis, Captain Thomas Best
7
Jennings, Henry Constantine
6, 11, 14–19, 226
insulating compass
6, 11, 14–19, 226
Jesuits
167, 174–177
Jewish origins
167
João III, king of Portugal
167
Duarte, Dom
167
Henrique, Dom
167
Luís, Dom
167
Jobin, A.-G. Ynon, precision polarimeter
72
Johnson, Dale L.
35
Johnson, Commander Edward John
7, 17, 19
Superintendent of the Compasses
7
Johnson, W.
109
Johnston, Stephen
195
Jones, Thomas, London
10
Jouveneau, A.
23, 29
Junk, Andreas
3
Karlskrona
42
Kärnfelt, Johan
2
Kater, Captain [Henry]
9
Keen, [Robert John]
11
Klein, Joannes
176, 177
Knox, Barnabas C.
110
Knudsen Law
33
Kodak
204, 206, 207
Koehler illumination
137
Kontopoulos, George
71
Kortright, Lieutenant [A.]
11
Kundt, August
22, 29
Kurz, Jacob
173
Kynvyn, James
173–174
laboratory
22
Lamb, James
131
laser light
132
radiation
137
red, green, blue lasers
137
Spectra Physics laser
137
Lassell, William
61
latitude
14, 49, 89, 125, 151
Lausanne
22, 32, 35
Academy
22
Laussedat, Aimé
194
Lavanha, João Baptista
Tratado del Arte de Navegar
(1588) 172
Lazos, Panagiotis
2
Lebanon
148
Leguin, Estiennne
91, 92, 98, 119, 127
lenses for a microscope
132, 135
Lick Observatory
70
Liddell, Charles
58
life sciences
133
light, particle nature of
186
Lindblad, Per Olof
53
Lindsay, Lord James
63
lists of qibla values
156
Liveing, G. D.
69
Liverpool
109, 113
Liverpool Committee of the West Indies Association
113
Mersey estuary
113
Lockyer, Sir Norman
70
log and line
84, 85, 89, 95, 106
alternative log designs
84–131
problems with
87–90
London
42, 96, 97, 104, 109, 113, 190, 215
canal in St. James’s Park
97
Clerkenwell
116
International Exhibition, 1862
59
Middlesex Hospital
192
nautical academy
122
River Lea
93
River Thames
96, 97
The Medway
103–104
Woolwich Dockyard
104
longitude
14, 89, 122, 125, 151
Loria, Arturo
215, 216, 219, 224, 225
Los Alamos
214
Lothian Birth Cohort project
78
Loude, Jean-François
2
Lovelace, William
107
Lück, Winfried
35
lunar-crater sketch, first
65, 67
lunar occultation
38
Lusverg, Dominico
174
MacArthur, J. J.
195
McAuley, [of] Dublin
9
Madeira, observatory in
63
magnetic compass
see compass
magnetic deviation
17
magnetic shielding
16
Magnus/Tetens formula
26
Magowan, Cathleen
143, 144
Mainwaring, Sir Henry
88
Sea-mans Dictionary (1644)
88
malaria-infected red blood cells
132, 142–146
Malcolm, Captain Pulteney
113
Malta
61
Manchester
214, 215, 219
Manhattan project
214
marble
21
mariner’s astrolabe
228, 229, 230–231
marketing, lack of
4
Marmolada Laboratory
216, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225
Marston, Benjamin
92, 128
“nautical dromometer”
92
Marth, Albert
61
Martin, Benjamin
92
Martin, William
130
Mason, Kenneth
201
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
214
Massey, Edward
106, 111–117, 118, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131
bankruptcy 1821
115
patent log
92, 95, 104, 111–117, 119,
patent marine chronometers
116
patent tap
115
watchmaking patent
115
Massey, Harrie S. W.
223
materials, preservation of
23
mathematical solutions
153
mathematicians
4, 148, 150, 155, 156, 164, 167
Matsopoulos, Nikolaos
75
Mecca
159, 160, 162
direction of
4, 148, 151, 155
zenith of
153
mechanical logs
3, 119, 125
medical imaging
78
Mediterranean
58, 97
merchant mariners
98
Mercier, Michelle
4
meteorology
23, 25
meteorologists
37
Meyer-Ilse, Werner
142, 143
microscope
43, 59, 187
electron (EM)
142
for biology, super
132, 141
image of the IBM logo
143
Nobel Prize 1986
143
scanning tunnelling (STM)
142
traditional visible light
135
transmission x-ray (TXM)
3, 132–147
microscopy, fluorescence
146
microtechnology
137
Middle East
231
Milan
213
Miller, [T. W.], of Devonport
10
Milne, Captain [A.]
20
Milverton
190
mirror
25
Mitchelelle, Francisco of Pathhead
79
Molyneux, Samuel
97
Montague, Admiral George
114
Moon
38, 41, 65
Eratosthenes crater
67, 68
Maurolycus crater
65, 67
Moore, John Hamilton
85
mosques, realignment of niches
149
Morin, Paris (successor of Secretan), filar micrometer
72
movie, A Touch of Spice, 2003
75
Mousavi, Razieh
4
museums
1, 35, 225
Giovanni Poleni Museum of the History of Physics, Padua
209–225
History of Science Museum, Oxford
153, 154, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163
Kircherian Museum, Rome
176
Musée d’histoire des sciences, Geneva
24
Museo Galileo, Florence
173
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
7, 228
National Museum of Scotland
78, 79, 80
Enquire gallery
78, 81
National Technical Museum, Prague
176
Nairne, Edward
46, 47
portable equatorial
46, 48
Naples
113
Nasmyth, James
63
Nathan, Sir Matthew
203
National Observatory of Athens
2, 72–76
navy
British
see Royal Navy
Danish
13
French
13
navy crewmen, numeracy
124
Newall, Hugh Frank
2, 57, 69–71
director of the Solar Observatory
71
professor of astrophysics
71
Newall, Robert Stirling
2, 57–76
management of telescope
2, 57, 64
Newall, R. S., and Company
58
Newbiggen
58
Newcastle-under-Lyme, canal
116
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
2, 57, 60, 61
Newcomb, Simon
61
Newton, Isaac
39, 96, 119
New York
108, 109
Nicander, Henric
41, 42
Nichelson, William
87
Niemann, Bastian
140, 141
Noël, Nicolas
46
nonius
4, 167, 168
no evidence for use at sea
172
vernier scale, comparison to the nonius
177
Nordic Museum
53
exhibition “The Heritage from Newton and Linnaeus”
53
Nordmark, Zacharias
49
North
true
155
magnetic
155
North America
120
North Pole
17
Northumberland
58
North West India “frontier”
201
North-West Passage
16, 102
Norwood, Richard
85
Nova Lacerate 2010
71
Nunes, Pedro
4, 167–170
De Crepusculis (1542)
168, 169, 170
De arte atque ratione navigandih libri duo (1573)
168
octants
125
Occhialini, Guiseppe
212
Odelberg, William
53
Oestmann, Günther
228
optical tooling target
229–230, 231
oral history interviews
133
oral presentation
137
Ordnance Survey
200
Orel, Eduard von
198, 199
Orel apparatus
198
Owen, Sir [Edward]
10
Owen, William Fitzwilliam
99, 128
Padua
4, 209–225
Paris
22, 198
Paris Exposition, 1867
194
Reports of United States Commissioners
194
patents
14, 20, 21, 27, 29, 97, 100, 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 115, 226
drawing
15
Patoun, Archibald
87
Pattinson, Hugh Lee
58
7.5-inch equatorial telescope
58
Pattinson, Mary
58
Paul, Jacques
24
Peake, E. R. L.
197
Peabody Essex Museum, Salem
110
pendulum clocks
49
Penrose, Admiral [Charles]
17
Penteli observatory
72–76
Visitor Centre
75
perambulator
118
Persian
instruction
161
scholars
155, 164
Peruzzi, Giulio
4
Philadelphia
109
Phillips, Captain [Charles]
11
Phillipson, Tacye
3
Phipps, Constantine
89, 91–92, 107, 122
photogrammetry
207
photographic camera
212
photographic equipment
193–208
photography
193
photoheliograph
194
photoresist
137, 138
photo-theodolite
194
Wild
4, 193–208
phrenological callipers
78, 80
phrenological head
78, 79
phrenology
3, 77–83
physicians
183
physicists
144, 145
physics research
3, 22
Pian di Fedaia, laboratory at
219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224
Pimlot, J.
129
Piraeus
72
Pitot, Henri
92, 105–106
P. Kallimanopoulos Hellenic Maritime Company
72
plagiocephaly
81–82
plane-tabling
201, 206
Pointer, J.
127
Poisson, Siméon Denis
19
Poleni, Giovanni
92
pollution from factories
2
Polytechnikum of Zurich
22
Pope, William
9, 130
dipping needle compass, 1820
13
“Marine Automaton”
122
porous carbon
22
Porro, Ignazio
194
Portsmouth
113, 114
Portugal
167
Alcácer do Sal
167
Coimbra
167, 168
Lisbon
167, 168, 174
Post Office mail boats
100, 120
Carteret
120
Westmoreland
120
power struggles
4
Prague
176–177
pre-Raphaelite artist
64
Preston
9
precision gears
137
pricing
3
pseudoscience
81–83
psychrometer
25, 33, 37
Assmann aspiration
25
August
25
sling
25
Ptolemy’s Almagest
168
PubMed database
81–82
Pulfrich, Carl
195
Purshull, Conyers
96, 118, 126
qibla-indicators
4, 148–166
quadrants
150, 170, 171, 172, 173–174, 176, 177
graphical
153
Queensland Coast
203
Cardwell
205
Qur’an
148
racial supremacy arguments
78
radioactivity
27
railway between York and London
59
Ramadan, beginning
148
crescent Moon
148
Ramsden, Jesse
42, 46
Ramsden circle
49
Raven, Reverend Milville
65
Rayleigh criterion
232
Red Sea
203
Reiner, Josef
24
religious rituals
148
Reneau, Lieutenant
16
Renens, Switzerland
33
Reynoldson, George
98, 126
Richard Island, Dunk Spit
205
Ringkjobing, Denmark
58
Rochefort
103
Rohrer, Heinrich
143
Roman Jesuit College
174–176
Rome
213
Röntgen, Wihelm Conrad
133
rope, four-stranded
57
Rose of Brazil, order
58
Ross, Captain James Clark
6
Ross, Captain John
16, 19, 102
Rossi, Bruno
4, 209–225
7-ton electromagnet
210, 219, 221, 223
Rostagni, Antonio
214, 215, 216, 217, 219
Rototherm
33, 35
Rourke, E.
35
Royal Astronomical Society
58, 63
Royal College of Physicians
191
Royal Cosmographer, Portugal
167
Royal Geographical Society
193–208
Geographical Journal
203
Research Committee
198, 199
Royal Institute of Technology
52
Royal Institution of Great Britain
181, 190–191
Young’s eriometer
181–183
Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
7
Royal Navy
3, 7, 95, 97, 107, 114, 117
Navy Board
16, 100, 114
ships
HMRY William & Mary
97
HMS Arrow
100
HMS Cameleon
100
HMS Donegal
113
HMS Dorothea
17
HMS Galatea
113
HMS Hound
99
HMS Isabella
16, 100, 120
HMS Lord Nelson
113
HMS Penelope
104
HMS Princess
113
HMS Racehorse
89
HMS Renown
113
HMS Tonnant
16
HMS Trent
17
HMS Vixen
113
HMSV Blazer
104
HMSV Lightning
103
Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope
63
Royal Society of London
58, 89, 96, 97, 179, 190, 191
poster exhibition
53
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
46, 190
tercentenary
53
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 52, 54
Academy Observatory
41, 42, 44, 49
exhibition catalogue
54
exhibition “Scientific Links between England and Sweden in Bygone Times”
53
Rudberg, Eric
53
Rudolph, Dieter
132–138
inventor of the TMX
136
Rudolph II, emperor
173
Rüeger, Ernst A.
32–33
Rüeger of Lausanne
21, 32
hygrometer
33, 37
Russell, William
91–92, 100, 118, 126
Russia
22
Rymer, James
127
Sabine, Major Edward
7, 12
Safavid Iran
148–166
Safavid legal scholars
152
“Safavid world-map”
159
Salandin, Gianantonio
217
Saltsjöbaden Observatory
53, 55
sand glass, half-minute
84, 86, 87, 95
accuracy of
86
battery of
86
inadequacies of
122
Saumarez, Henry de
91, 92, 95–96, 119, 120, 126
Saussure, Horace-Bénédict de
24
Savery, Thomas
96, 119
scales
174
minutes and seconds of arc
174
Schaffer, Simon
38–39
Scheiner, Christophe
44
helioscope
44
Schidlowsky, F.
22, 29
Schilovsky, Peter
20
Schmahl, Günter
132–138, 141, 142, 147
inventor of the TMX
136
Schmalcalder, [John]
11
Schmidheiny, Jacob
196
Schneider, Günter
143
science
1, 77
science publications
77
science centres
1
Scientific Instrument Commission
2019, XXXVIII symposium, Cuba
226
2018, XXXVII symposium, Leiden
226
scientific method
77
scientific navigation
84
Scoresby, William
12–13
method of producing strongly magnetised needles
12
Scots House, Gateshead
58
sea trials
107
Second World War
4, 207, 214, 216, 225
Selander, Nils Haqvin
52
semicircle, azimuthal
170
sextants
125, 170
Sharples, James
129
ship gyros, accurate alignment of
229
shipping magnates, Greek
2
Short, James
42, 46
Shuckburgh, George
46
equatorial mount
46
Siemens, Sir William
63
Sigalas, E.
72
Šíma, Zdislav
176
Sinclair, George
127
Smeaton, John
91, 120, 126
Smith, Egerton
113, 115, 116
instrument-making business
116
patent compass
116
social bias
3, 4
Société Française Stéréotopographie
198
Society of Arts
92, 100, 108, 119
Socotra, island off Yemen
204
Someda, Giovanni
212
Soret, J. L.
134
South Africa
63, 196
Drakensberg, Natal
202
South America
97
Space Shuttle
233
spark counters
27
Sparks, Captain
20
spectrograph without prisms
70
spectrometer
70
spectroscopic observations
70
of the Sun
70, 136
spectrum of Comet Halley
71
spectrum, Sun’s x-ray
132
spectrum, Vega’s
70
Spencer-Gregory, H.
35
Spender, M.A.
203, 206
Springer
142
Spottiswoode, William
63
Spurzheim, Johann Kaspar
77–78
St. Gall, Switzerland
27
St. Helena
107
St. John, [John Ransome]
10
Stanier, Thomas
115
Stebbing, [J. R.] Portsmouth
8, 10, 16
Steers, James Alfred
193, 202–206
diary
203, 204–206, 207
stereoscopic method
195
stereoautograph
198, 199, 201
stereo camera
204, 218
stereo-comparators
195
stereoscopic photo-theodolites
195
Stockholm
42, 44, 46
Observatory
38, 49, 52, 55
stratosphere
139
Stratton, F. J. M.
71
Strutt, J. W.
134
submarine cables, improved
58
success
1, 5, 12, 142, 197, 234
Sudan
203
sundial
159, 161, 162, 163
Sunni states
148
Sun’s x-ray radiation, image
139
surveying
alpine
196
hydrographic
125
military
194
Survey of India
198
Surveyor General of India
201
surveyor
7
Svanberg, Jöns
49
Swartz, Olof
41
Sweden
38–56, 53
Administrative Court of
41
Treasury Inspection office
41, 43
Sydney, New South Wales
204, 205, 206
Syeds, [Mrs Agnes] Rotherhithe
8, 10
synchrotron storage facilities
133
Advanced Light Source, University of California, Berkeley
143
tables, mathematical
14
tachometer
206
Talas, Sofia
4
Tavaststjerna, Jacob Johan
44, 45
Tavistock
200
telescopes
3
Cassegrain
46
equatorial mounts for
44–48
Herschel telescope mount
38–56
Hubble Space Telescope
232–235
Newall telescope
57–76
glass disks for
59
new clock drive
70
observations
74, 75
pedestal for
60
three finders for
61
polar axis for
44, 45, 48, 49, 52
reflecting
2, 38–56
1.2-metre mirror telescope, Kryoneri, Corinth
75
refracting
2, 57–76
18.5-inch refractor
61
26-inch refractor
61
solar telescope
138
testing new optics
138
Téléphonie S. A.
33
Telfer, William
98, 126
temperature
31, 33
temperature range, limited
2
TESA of Lausanne
21, 32, 33
hygrometer
33, 34, 37
theodolite
194
thermometer
24, 26, 29
alcohol
25
bimetallic
32
dry bulb
25
mercury
25
remote telescope viewing of
26
wet bulb
25
Thompson, Benjamin, Count Rumford
190–191
Thomson, London
10, 11
Thomson, J. J.
69
Times, The, newspaper, London
17, 120
Tirapicos, Luís
4
tools, user-friendly
150
torquetum
44, 46
transit clock
38
transit instrument
49
transversal scales
4
trigonometric problem
151
Trinity House, London
96–97
Tuscany, grand dukes of
173
Twelver Shi’i Islam
148
TXM development group
140
Niedersachsenpries
142
Tyne, River
2, 57, 61, 64
Tyson, John
130
UNIL, the Physics Museum of the University of Lausanne
21
United Kingdom
215
United States
108, 110, 194, 214
merchant vessels
General Washington
109
Merchant
110
naval ships
USS Boston
109
USS Philadelphia
109
USS United States
108–109
United States Naval Observatory
61
University College London
223
University of Athens, National and Kapodistrian
75
Physics Department
75
University of Bern
21, 22
physics professor
21
University of California, Berkeley
143, 224
Bevatron
225
Radiation Laboratory
224
Luis Alvarez’s bubble-chamber group
224
University of Cambridge
69–71, 73, 202, 209
Cavendish Laboratory
27, 69, 212
Department of Geography
202
Emmanuel College
190
University of Coimbra
167
University of Durham
58
University of Edinburgh
223
University of Florence
210
University of Lausanne
21, 22, 27
Physics Museum
21, 32
University of Lisbon
167
University of Padua
217
Centre for the Study of Quick Ions
214, 216
cloud chamber
209–225
Institute of Physics, new building
210, 211, 212, 224
University of Salamanca
167
University of Uppsala
53
University of Zurich
27
Uraniborg
170
vacuum chamber
139
Vallet, Matthew
127
Veneto region
219
Società Adriatica di Elettricità
219
Vetter, Johann E.
127
vernier scale
177
Violle, Jules
22
Vitruvius
92
Vlahakis, George N.
2
voltage doubler
27
Von Gedda, Baron Peter Niclas
41
Walker, Commander
11
Walker, Richard Benson
98–99, 127
Walton, Ernest
27
War Office, UK
200, 202
Washington, Captain John
95, 104
Waterloo, Battle of
125
Waters, D. W.
172
Waymouth, George
172
“The Jewel of Artes”, 1604
172
Wess, Jane
4
West Indies
113, 120
Wexler, Arnold
24, 35
Whitsunday Islands
203
Wiklund, Gustaf
38
Wilcke, Johan Carl
41, 43, 46
Wild, Heinrich
4, 196, 208
first commercial photo-theodolite Wild P30
196
first photogrammetric plotter. A1 stereo-autograph
196
Wild company
196–197
Wild T2
196–197
Wilson, Andrew
90
Wilson, Charles T. R.
209, 212, 218
wire rope machine
57
Worcester
96
Wood, [Benjamin Jasper]
11
Wood, R. W.
134
Woolley, Richard van R.
202
Woolwich Dockyard
7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Wright, Gabriel
93
x-ray
78, 132, 133, 135, 141, 142
microscopy
142
research units in the United States
142
photons
133
properties
133
sensitive photographic film
135
Yazdī
157
new astronomical compendium
157, 158
quadrant scale
157
treatise in Persian
157
York
58
Young, Thomas
4, 178–192
damage to his reputation
191
double-slit experiment
178
eriometer
178–192
applications
178
description
183
English medical, agricultural, textile industries, users
178–192
learning to use
186
physical optics
190
principle of optical interference
178, 185
publication on the Egyptian language
191
status as a physician
190
wave theory of light
4, 178, 185
Zago, Guido
216, 217, 218, 220, 222, 224, 225
Zeiss, Jena
195–196, 208
eyepieces
72
patents
196
Th1
196, 197
zone-plate microscope, first
139
zone-plate telescope
132, 139
Zurich
27