Tables
1 Provincial population in 1381, 1391 and 1393 18
2 Households, population figures, and the male-female ratio of certain areas in 1391 21
3 The registered and actual population of Shanxi Province in Hongwu 24th year 49
4 Prefectural household and population in Guangzhou in Hongwu 24th year 65
5 Registered prefectural population in Sichuan in Hongwu 24th year 70
6 The population distribution of Guizhou in 1391 88
7 Yunnan population per fu in 1391 93
8 Population of Henan Fu during the Ming Dynasty 100
9 Provincial and regional population of the Ming Dynasty 124
10 Population changes of each province in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties 157
11 Jiangning population figures from 1809â1953 168
12 County-level number of households and population ratio in Xiezhou in 1391, 1764, and 1953 242
13 The influence of the Taiping War on the population of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and other seven provinces 289
14 Chinaâs population change from 1680 to 1953 295
15 Population of Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Nanchang, and Wuchang fu in the Ming Dynasty 302
16 Urban population of 40 fu (zhou) of nine areas in 1391 (Hongwu 24th year) 309
17 The average population of 289 county capitals of 9 regions including Zhejiang in 1391 (Hongwu 24th year) 320
18 The urban population and urbanization level of 15 provinces and areas in China in 1393 (Hongwu 26th year) 323
19 Provincial urban population and urbanization rate in China in Wanli 8th year 355
20 Prefectural urban population of Shandong in 1776 363
21 Prefectural urban population of Zhili in 1776 366
22 Prefectural urban population of Henan in 1776 370
23 Prefectural urban population in Shanxi in 1776 374
24 Urban population of Shaanxi by prefecture in 1776 379
25 Cities and towns under Suzhou in the Qianlong period (1736â1796) 387
26 Population of cities and towns in Jiangsu by prefectures in 1776 391
27 Population of towns and cities in Zhejiang province by prefectures in 1776 396
28 Population of towns and cities in Anhui province by prefectures in 1776 397
29 Population of towns and cities in Jiangxi province by prefectures in 1776 401
30 Population of towns and cities in Hunan and Hubei provinces by prefectures in 1776 406
31 Population of towns and cities in Fujian and Guangdong provinces by prefectures in 1776 410
32 Population of towns and cities in Sichuan province by prefectures in 1776 413
33 Population of towns and cities in Guangxi province by prefectures in 1776 415
34 Population of towns and cities in Guizhou province by prefectures in 1776 419
35 Population of towns and cities in Yunnan province by prefectures in 1776 422
36 The urban population of the provinces across China in 1776 426
37 Population and urbanization ratios of counties in Shandong province in 1919 458
38 Relationship between the urban population and the total population of all provinces by prefecture in 1910 505
39 Chinaâs population by province from 1393 to 1953 508
40 Chinaâs urbanization rate from 1391â1953 (%) 512
Diagrams
1 The relevance between the prefectural population percentage of each province and the prefectural li percentage of each province in 1391 31
2 Correlation between the population of each fu in 1393 and in 1953 38
3 Relationship between population density and average annual population growth rate for the 32 fu in the early Ming Dynasty 116
4 The relationship between the civilian population and the population density of 36 ordinary prefectural capitals in 1391 310
5 The relationship between the urban li and the population density of 35 prefectural capitals 311
6 The relationship between the population density of 43 prefectures and the average population of 277 counties in Northern China in 1391 320
7 The relationship between the population density of 12 prefectures and the average population of 151 counties in Northern China in 1391 321
8 The relationship between the population density of 31 prefectures and the average population of 126 counties in Northern China in 1391 322
9 The relationships between the total population and urban population of 26 counties, including Qihe 453
10 Relationships between the total population and urban population of 48 counties including Zouping 454
11 Relationships between the total population and urban population of 74 counties including Qihe and Zouping 454
12 Relationship between the population of counties in Shandong province in 1915 and in 1953 respectively 462
13 Relationship between the urban population of counties in Shandong province in 1910 and the population of corresponding counties in 1953 463
14 The relationship between the urban population and total population of prefectures in Shandong, Zhili, and Henan provinces in 1910 500
15 Relationship between the urban population and total population of Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces by prefecture in 1910 501
16 Relationship between the urban population and the total population by prefecture in the six northern provinces in 1910 502
17 Relationship between the urban population and the total population of Sichuan by prefecture in 1910 503
18 Relationship between the urban population and the total population by prefecture in Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces in 1910 503
19 Relationship between the urban population and the total population of the eight southern provinces by prefecture in 1910 504
20 Chinaâs population growth from 1393â1953 510
Maps
1 Chinaâs population density in 1393 (26th year of Hongwu) 127
2 Chinaâs population distribution in 1580 (Wanli 8th year) 130
3 Chinaâs population density in 1580 (Wanli 8th year) 131
4 Drought distribution in China 1627â1643 134
5 The relationship between droughts and peasant wars of the late Ming Dynasty 136
6 The plagues of the Chongzhen period 139
7 Net population decline in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties 159
8 Net population decline rate in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties 160
9 The population loss during the second half of the 19th century 292
10 The population loss rate of the second half of the 19th century 293
11 The civilian population of ordinary prefectural capitals in 1393 313
12 The total population of ordinary prefectural capitals in 1393 314
13 The prefectural civilian urbanization rate in 1393 325
14 The prefectural urbanization rate in 1393 (Hongwu 26th year) 327
15 Distribution of prefectural cities and towns in 1580 353
16 Prefectural urbanization level in 1580 354
17 Distribution of cities and towns in the individual prefectures in 1776 424
18 Level of urbanization of the individual prefectures in 1776 425
19 Level of urbanization by prefecture in 1910 506