Index
Acosta, José de
36, 39
Acquaviva, Claudio
56, 57, 63n66, 71n92
Africa
in Aleni’s works
181
animals from
x, 183
in Buddhist world maps
277
on Diaz-Longobardi globe
187, 189
on Japanese world maps
169, 266, 287, 289
Jesuits in
25
on Kangnido
241, 273
and Ming maps
195, 196, 272
on Pizzagano chart
336
on Ricci’s map
100, 105, 205, 326
on T-O maps
267
on Verbiest’s map
214
Agricola, Georgius (Georg Bauer)
324, 325
Aihun, Luosha, Taiwan, Menggu tu (Pictorical maps of Aihun, Russia, Taiwan and Mongolia)
355, 356
Ajia Tōyō zu (Map of Asia–Orient; Nagakubo Sekisui)
275, 276, 284
Aleandro, Girolamo
49n14
Aleni, Giulio
15, 32, 178, 202, 205
Wanguo quantu; Xifang dawen; Zhifang waiji
ethnography in maps of
xvi, 117, 118
geographic works by
xii, 35, 179–184, 211, 281
Americas
North America; South America
and Aleni’s maps
181, 182, 189
colonialism in
26, 98, 99, 108, 328
disinformation about
334
on Japanese world maps
266, 269, 281, 287, 289
and Jesuits
25, 38, 39, 53, 57, 64
and printing
333–334
and Ricci’s map
34, 108, 205, 326, 327, 328, 339
on Verbiest’s map
214–215, 217
Andrade, António de
86
Annuae Litterae Societatis Iesu
45
Antarctica. see Magellanica
Antilia islands
336–338
Anza, Juan Bautista de
217n20
Aoyama Hiro’o
13, 14, 108
Aquino, Benigno S., III
310
Arab cartography
189, 196, 267
Arabian peninsula
241, 272, 300
Arai Hakuseki
122–123
Arctic
on Japanese maps
164, 169
and Ricci’s map
100, 102, 103, 106, 119, 169, 214, 330–331
on Verbiest’s map
215
Argoli, Andrea
207n9
Aristotelian thought
30, 101, 114, 178–179, 203, 205, 216
Asakawa, Kan’ichi
362
“Asia (Ajia),” Japanese concept of
266–271, 279, 287, 289, 290
astronomy: calendrical
191–192, 206, 209
instruments for
208, 212
Japanese
159, 161, 174
Jesuit
xii, 248
Kangxi’s test on
207
Korean
248
Ptolemaic
178–179, 185, 340
Astronomy Bureau (Qing China)
85, 178, 207, 208, 298
Atkinson, David
316
Atlas général de la Chine, de la Tartarie chinoise, et du Tibet: pour servir aux différentes descriptions et histoires de cet empire (d’Anville)
364
Atlas Maior (van der Hem)
86–87
atlases
5, 203, 360, 364–365
Guang yu tu; Novus Atlas Sinensis; Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; Yŏji to
Catalan
336
Chinese
130
digital
370–371
European
194, 195
Japanese
289
Jesuit
365
Korean
251–252, 360, 361, 364
and Korean reproductions of maps
235–236
Australia
102, 205, 218.
Magellanica
Baddeley, J.F.
329
Bahong huangshi (Accounts of the Wilderness within the Eight Corners of the World; Lu Ciyun)
118
Bahong yishi (Translated Accounts of Things within the Eight Corners of the World; Lu Ciyun)
117–118
Bankoku chikyū bunzu (Separate Maps of the Countries of the World; Utagawa Sadahide)
289, 290
Bankoku Sōkai Zu (General World Map; Ishikawa Ryūsen)
15, 165, 168, 282
Bankoku Sōzu (Map of All the Countries)
14, 138, 140, 164–168, 174
Bankoku zu (Map of the Myriad Countries)
280
Barrentz, William
217
Begheyn, Paul
10, 12–13
Behaim, Martin
338
Beijing
214, 252, 258, 369
Bellin, Jacques Nicolas
xviii
Bencao gangmu shiyi (Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica)
218
Benincasa chart
338
Benoist, Michel
209, 300
Beowulf manuscript
341–342
Berze, Gaspar
65, 69
Biaodu shuo (On the Gnomon; Ursis)
193, 216
Blaeu, Cornilis
194
Blaeu, Joan (Johannes)
xv, 84–87, 194, 340
and Verbiest’s map
214, 216, 217
World Atlas of
183
Blaeu, Willem Janszoon
xv, xvii, 87, 194
Bobadilla, Nicolas
69
Bollandistes
58
Book of Documents
115
Bouvet, Joachim
32, 89
Boym, Michal
xvi–xvii, 32, 195
Bracciolini, Poggio
324, 332, 339
Brahe, Tycho
179, 203, 208, 209
Brazil
37, 51, 65–67, 105, 216, 336
Britain
297, 316, 317, 342, 369–370
Broët, Paschase
49, 61, 70
Brook, Timothy
317
Bruno, Giordano
204
Buddhism
and Chinese maps
104, 261, 277
and Chinese origin of Western learning
113
and cosmological maps
xii, 279, 362
and India
17, 137, 271, 277–280, 287
and Japanese maps
16, 17, 137, 141, 144, 267, 271, 287
Buglio, Ludovico
32, 35, 184
Calendrical Bureau (Liju; China)
206
calendrical systems
and astronomy
xii, 191–192, 206, 209
Chinese
206, 207, 209, 248, 249
Gregorian
204
Japanese
xiii, 141, 159
and Jesuits
xii, 226, 248, 249, 297–298
in Korea
16, 248–249, 250
and Ming loyalism
248, 249
and Western science
15, 141
California (North America)
xvii–xviii, 215, 217
Campano, Giovanni Paolo
56
Canada
103, 124
Canepa, Albinus de
338
Canisius, Peter
54–55, 57, 58
Cao Junyi
124–127, 298
Cardim, António Francisco
xvii
Carta Marina (Magnus)
181
Carte du District Postal de Kwangsi (Postal Map of Kwangsi District)
368
Carter, John
325
cartography
Chinese vs. Western
6–7, 14, 34, 96, 97, 100–101, 112, 115–116
hybrid Chinese-Western
ix, 34, 129–132
Casanova, José
10–11
Catholic Church
converts to
xvii, 35, 197, 205
and Eurocentrism
37
and globalization
27–28
and heliocentrism
209
and preservation of knowledge
342
renewal of
xvii, 27–28, 31
and Ricci’s map
100, 104–105, 107
Celiang quanyi (Full Meaning of Mensuration; Rho)
209
censorship
53, 87, 212, 270
Central Asia
215, 300
Cervini, Marcello (Pope Marcello II)
65
Céspedes, Gregorio de
xiv
Cetian yueshuo (Brief Explanation of the Measurement of the Heavens)
209
Chen Changqi
130n57
Chen Minsun
35
Cheng Dachang
115, 116
Cheng Fangyi
298
Chiang Kai-shek
303, 305
Chidao nan-bei liang zongxing tu (atlas; General Star Map of the Northern and Southern Hemisheres)
209
Chikyu bankoku sankai yochi zenzusetsu (Comprehensive map of the lands, seas, and countries of the world; Nagakubo Sekisui)
141, 143, 169, 284, 285
dissemination of
170–172, 174–175
China
Ming dynasty; Qing dynasty; Sinocentrism
cultural authority of
xi–xii, xiv, 16, 239, 247
cultural renewal in
97–98, 113, 131
Dutch publications on
82–92
European knowledge of
13
Jesuit mapmaking in
178–201, 202
Jesuit mission in
ix, 10, 26–27, 32, 72
Jesuits’ travel to
13, 27, 73, 85
knowledge of Europe in
121–122
traditional cartography in
17–18, 124–125
tributary system of
241–242, 252, 254, 297
China, People’s Republic of (PRC)
maps of
307–309
maritime claims of
307, 309–317
return of Hong Kong to
316–317
China, Republic of (ROC)
maps of
302–303, 307, 364–365, 368
maritime claims of
16, 17, 18, 294–295
and South China Sea
306–307
territorial sovereignty of
302–303
China illustrata (Kircher)
87
Chinese and Malabar Rites controversies
37
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
303, 305
Chinese language
in Japan
xi, 138, 153, 203
and Jesuits
34, 86, 203, 209, 211, 214–215
and Ricci
ix, 2, 138, 153, 269
Ch’oe Sŏkchŏng
248n23, 249–250, 261
Chŏng Sanggi
254, 257
Chŏng Tuwon
246
Chongzhen Lishu (Chongzhen reign treatises on calendrical astronomy)
191–192
Ch’ŏnha do (Map of All under Heaven; Haedong chido)
239, 240
Ch’ŏnha to (Map of All under Heaven; Kwangyŏ to)
262–263
Ch’ŏnha to chi do (reproduction of Aleni’s map)
235, 238, 251, 252, 259–263
Chōsen chishitsuzu (Geological Atlas of Korea)
364
Chosŏn (Joseon) dynasty (Korea)
Korean peninsula
Buddhism in
17, 261
cartography in
16, 237–240, 243–244, 254–255
Chinese maps in
239, 240–245, 247, 250
classical Chinese in
203
invasions of
xiv, 248, 272
and Japanese Imperial Land Survey
350
Japanese relations with
xiv, 241, 249, 252, 272
Jesuit maps in
xi, 235–265, 270
and Ming China
xi–xii, 16, 239, 241–246
national maps in
243–244
official maps of
239–240
and Qing China
xi–xii, 16, 248, 252, 297
and Ricci’s map
10, 14, 261
Western references to
xiv–xv
Christianity
Catholic Church
and Aleni
180, 184
and biblical cartography
267–268
converts to
xvii, 35, 36, 197, 205
and Diaz-Longobardi globe
185
globalization of
37
and humanism
11, 30
Japanese ban on
xii–xiii, 137, 141, 270, 338–339
Japanese martyrs for
xv–xvi, xvii
and Jesuit maps
15, 198
and Jesuit mission
15, 25, 97, 203
and Ricci’s map
178, 211
and scientific knowledge
xiii–xiv, 203
and Western Learning
xi
Chungjong, King (Korea)
244–245
Clavius, Christopher (Christof Clau)
29, 204, 205
Clement XIV, Pope
33
Cock, Hieronymus
337
Collectanea (Szpot)
72, 73
Collegio Romano
29, 204
colonialism
and cartography
316
and contact zones
96
and Jesuits
11, 26–27, 31, 32, 35, 36, 97, 204
and Korea
245n16
and Ming China
98–99
and orientalism
38
Portuguese
26–27, 37, 97, 99–100, 108, 123, 131, 204
and Ricci’s map
14, 26–27, 108–111, 113, 121–122
Spanish
11, 26–27, 36, 99, 108, 123, 131
after World War II
305–306
Columbus, Christopher
267, 333
commercial maps
xviii, 267, 364
communication maps
368–369
Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism
and Aristotelian thought
205
and cartography
267, 272
in Dutch publications
89
and exotica
98
and Jesuit maps
261, 270
in Korea
249, 250, 361
in Library of Congress maps
351
and Ming dynasty
249, 250
and Ricci
37, 100, 107, 185
and Sekisui maps
170, 284
Sinocentrism of
271–276
and Verbiest’s map
216
and world maps
281, 284
Constitutions of the Society of Jesus (Ignatius of Loyola)
32, 47–48, 50, 53–54, 56, 70
contact zones
13, 96–97, 112–113, 116, 124, 131, 198
continents. see five-continent system
coordinate system
1, 12, 16–18
and Chinese territorial claims
18, 297
and nine-dash line
293–298, 299, 302, 317
in Qing China
298, 299
and Ricci
102, 302, 317
and ROC
294, 302
in Szpot’s maps
72, 73
Copernican theory
209
Cosmographia (Ptolemy)
340
cosmology
101, 114, 193
Buddhist
xii, 279, 362
Chinese vs. European
178, 179, 180, 218
and Ricci’s map
205
Cotton, Robert
342
Couplet, Philip
88
Couvillon, Jean
55
cultural exchange
vii–viii, xix, 10, 340
and contact zones
13, 96–97, 112–113, 116, 124, 131, 198
and Jesuits
25–26, 30, 32, 34, 36, 37–39, 97, 116, 179, 198, 202, 204, 211
and Mongols
241
and Verbiest’s map
25, 26–27, 34, 35
Cushing, Caleb
351, 352
Da Ming hunyi tu (Map of the Great Ming domain)
195, 196, 272, 293
Da Ming yi tong zhi (Comprehensive Gazetteer of China in the Ming Period)
360
Da Qing huidian tu
302n24
Da Qing wannian yitong dili quantu (Complete Geographical Map of the Great Qing’s Everlasting Unification)
7, 8–9, 300–301
Da Qing yochi zenzu (Map of the Great Qing)
273, 274
Da Rocha, Felix
300
Dai Nihon enkai yochi zenzu (Full View of the Coast of Japan; Inō Tadataka)
363
Daimin kyuuhen bankoku jinseki rotei zenzu (Map of Nine Borders …; Ou Kunho)
272–273
Danieluk, Robert
10, 11–12
d’Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon
364
Daoguang emperor (Qing China)
351
Daoism
113, 361
“Datsu-A Ron” (essay; Fukuzawa Yukichi)
266, 289
David, Percival
184
daylight time
119, 129, 180, 193, 214
de Anchieta, José
66–67
De Angelis, Geronimo
viii
de Borja, Francisco
57
De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas (The Christian expedition to China)
83
De excudendis adversus haereticos libris (de Pisa)
55–56
de Pisa, Alfonso
55–56, 58
De Procuranda Indorum Salute (Acosta)
39
De re Metallica (Agricola)
324–325
De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things; Lucretius)
324
D’Elia, Pasquale M.
180
Demattè, Paola
13, 15, 298
Der Jesuiten-Atlas der Kanghsi-Zeit: China und die Aussenlaender (The Jesuit Atlas of the Kanghsi Period: China and the Foreign Countries; Fuchs)
365
Der neue Welt-Bott
45
Description de la Chine (Du Halde)
13, 299
D’Espinha, Joseph
300
Diaz (Dias), Manuel (Emmanuel)
15, 178, 209, 298
globe of
184–191
“Digital Atlas of China by Industries”
370–371
digital maps
19, 340, 343–344, 350, 370–371
Dingle, John
364
Diwei (Geography of the Earth; Xiong Renlin)
123
Donne, John
202
du Halde, Jean-Baptiste
12, 13, 89, 299
Dunn, Thomas
353
Duplex iter terrestre in Chinam ex Persia et ex Mogor (Land routes into China from Persia and Mughal India; Szpot)
73, 77
Dürer, Albrecht
215
Dutch East India Company
13, 85, 88, 270
Dutch learning
270–271, 290
Dutch Republic
Jesuits from
32
publications in
12–13, 82–92
and trade in Japan
137, 270, 338, 339
Dutton, Peter
312
E sheng quan tu (Complete Map of Hubei Province; Yan Shusen)
351–352
earth, spherical vs. square
14, 96, 113, 115–116, 125, 247
and Aleni’s map
180, 184, 189
and Diaz-Longobardi globe
189, 191
and Ricci’s map
100, 101, 115, 125, 205–206
and Sambiasi’s map
193
and Verbiest’s map
205–206, 216, 218–221, 224
earthquakes
66, 206
Verbiest’s map on
ix, 15, 203, 216, 223, 224–225
East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
290, 317
eclipses
100, 206, 209
and imperial legitimacy
297
and Kangxi’s astronomy test
207
in Korean astronomy
248
and Ricci
102, 205
and Sambiasi’s map
193
Verbiest on
203, 208, 220, 226
Ehrenberg, Ralph
18, 19
Elzevier publishing house
83–84
Endō Moritoshi
159
Engelgraeve, Jan Baptist
85
ethnography
xvii, 33, 98, 99, 116, 340
and Jesuits
xvi, 25, 33, 39, 97
in maps
13, 124, 328, 368
Verbiest’s map on
225–226
Etymologiae (Isidore of Seville)
268
Euclid
204, 205, 208
Eurocentrism
37, 39, 98, 131
Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs)
309, 314
exotica (zhiquai)
13, 14, 98, 298
and new Chinese geography
116–117
and Ricci’s map
105–106, 112–113, 118
Faber, Peter
50, 61, 68, 70
Fang Yizhi
128
Fangyu shenglüe (Compendium of Geography)
164, 166–167, 168
fans, maps on
357
Fenfu Zhongguo quantu (Complete Map of China Divided by Prefecture)
7
five-continent system
and Aleni’s maps
180–181, 269
on Diaz-Longobardi globe
188–189
on Japanese world maps
16, 17, 271, 281, 283, 284–287, 289, 290
on Ricci’s map
16, 100–101, 269, 284
vs. three continents
267
on Verbiest’s map
214, 228
Flora sinensis (Chinese flora; Boym)
xvi–xvii
Folangji (Portuguese)
99, 108–111, 113
and France
123
in Ricci’s map
150, 151–152
Forlani, Paolo
337
Foucquet, Jean-François
209
four elements
180, 193
Verbiest’s map on
216, 222–224, 227, 230
Fra Mauro map
267–268
France
51, 296, 299, 369, 370
and Folangji
123
Jesuits from
32, 89
Francis, Pope
31, 34
Franciscans
xv
Fuchs, Walter
365
Fukuzawa Yukichi
266, 289, 290
Fuzhou, maps of
353
gaihōzu maps (maps of outer lands)
366–367
Galileo Galilei
185, 204, 209
Gangnido
.
see Kangnido
gazetteers
203, 215
Chinese
102, 125, 130, 330, 353
Korean
243
Geographia Blavania
194
geography
Aleni on
xii, 35, 179–184, 211, 281
and Chinese origin of Western learning
114–115, 125
Chinese works on
123, 164, 166–167, 168
European knowledge of
viii, 141
Japanese knowledge of
170, 171–172, 175, 195
Jesuits on
11–12, 29, 35, 64–65
new Chinese
116–117
and Sino-European contact zones
97
Szpot on Chinese
72–73, 78
geology
203, 364, 365, 371
Gerbillon, Jean-François
32, 34
Germany
55, 324
Jesuits from
32, 58, 87, 191
Gesner, Konrad
183, 215
Ginnaro, Bernardino
xvii
globalization
and early modernities
13, 39, 95–136
and Jesuit communication networks
10, 11–12, 13, 25–44
globes
Diaz-Longobardi
184–191, 298
and gore maps
191–192, 339
mounting of
185, 187
Goa (India)
26, 37, 64, 100, 108
Goís, Bento de
83
Gold Island (Kin-jima)
158, 159, 165
Golius, Jacob
87–88
Google Book project
343
Google Earth
344
Gotenjiku zu (Map of Five Indias)
278
gravity
190, 220–221
Great Ming Dynasty’s Atlas of Mountains and Seas (Won Hak-saeng)
360
Greenblatt, Stephen
324
Gregory, Pope
204
grid-based maps
Chinese
124, 125, 129, 131, 188, 293, 300, 351
Jesuit
73
Korean
239
Grimaldi, Claudio
32
Grotius (Huig de Groot)
317
Gu Yanwu
115
Guang yu tu (Enlarged Terrestrial Atlas; Luo Hongxian)
13, 88, 102, 195, 218, 330, 354
Guangdong tongzhi (Guangdong Provincial Gazetteer)
130
Gujin tushu jicheng (Imperial Encyclopedia of China)
302n24, 353
Gujin xingsheng zhi tu (Map of Advantageous Terrain, Past and Present)
258, 261
Guo Qingluo
198
Guomindang (GMD)
303, 305
Gutiérrez, Diego
337
Haedong chido (Maps of the Eastern Kingdom)
239, 240
Haiguo tuzhi (Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms)
245n16
Hainan Island
299, 303, 304, 305, 306, 355
Harame Sadakiyo
141, 169
Harley, J.B.
313, 334
Harris, Steven
29
Hathi Trust
343
Hayashi Razan
xiii
Hem, Laurens van der
86
hemispheres
double
14, 141, 164, 179, 290, 355
on Ricci’s map
34, 210
Ricci’s map of
164–168, 174, 175
on Verbiest’s map
ix, 210, 213–214, 355
Higuchi Kentei
165, 168
Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias (Acosta)
39
Historia Naturalis (Pliny the Elder)
325
Historia Sinarum (Szpot)
72
Historiæ animalivm (Gesner)
183, 215
History of the Tartarian War (Martini)
84
Hitler, Adolf
303, 310
Hoffaeus, Paul
57
Hokkaido (Ezo)
viii, 168
Hondius, Jodocus
xiv, xv, xvi, 194
Hong Kong
305, 316
Honil kangni yŏktae kukto chito
.
see Kangnido
Honil yŏktae kukto kangni chido (reproduction of “Yudi tu”; Yang Ziqi)
244
Hoover, Herbert
325–326
Hoover, Lou Henry
325–326
Hostetler, Laura
16, 17
Hōtan
277, 279, 362
Hsia, R. Po-Chia
27
Hu Wei
115, 117, 125n52
Huangchao liqi tushi (Qing encyclopedia)
187, 188
Huangyu quanlan tu (Complete Map of All Surveyed)
7, 299
Huayi gujin xingsheng zhi tu (Map of Advantageous Terrain, Chinese and Foreign, Past and Present; Yu Shi)
124
Huayi tu (Map of Chinese and Foreign Lands)
252, 258
Hubei Provincial Publishing Office (Hubei guanshuju)
351–352
Huiji yutu beikao quanshu (Reference Work on the Maps of China)
168
humanism
11, 29–30, 31, 53, 324
Hummel, Arthur William
19, 214, 354, 355, 357, 360
Huntian cosmologists
101
Huntian yi (Schall von Bell)
191
hydrographic charts
369–370
Iaponiae insulae descriptio (Description of the Island of Japan; Teixeira)
xiv
Iberian peninsula
27, 108, 148, 151.
Portugal; Spain
Ignatius of Loyola
10, 11, 28, 29, 47, 204
on letter writing
48, 49–50, 51, 61–63, 65, 68, 69, 70
letters of
54–55
illustrations
xvi, 267, 355
on Aleni’s maps
181, 191
of animals
x, 15, 98, 183, 191, 203, 210, 216, 235, 368
of astronomical instruments
208
on Diaz-Longobardi globe
187, 191
ethnographic
98, 137–138, 141, 328, 339, 368
of European ships
216, 235
on Japanese maps
137–138, 141, 174
on Korean reproductions
235
and Sambiasi’s map
193, 194
on Verbiest’s maps
x, 15, 35, 183, 210–211, 215, 216
Imperium Sinicum (The empire of China; Szpot)
73, 74
Inagaki Kōrō
168–169
Inagaki Shisen
119, 121, 172
India
37, 300
Goa
and Buddhism
17, 137, 271, 277–281, 287
on Japanese maps
273, 274, 362
Jesuit letters on
64–65
Mount Meru in
17, 277, 287.
Indonesia
66, 314
Inō Tadataka
362–363, 365
Inuit people
330–331
Investigation of things (gewu)
98, 211
Ishikawa Ryūsen
165, 168, 281, 282, 283, 284
Islandia (map; Ortelius)
181
Isle of Demons (Satanaze; Antilia islands)
336, 337–338, 339
Jambu-dvīpa, Map of the Myriad Countries of (Nansenbushu bankoku shōka no zu; Hōtan)
277, 279
Jambu-dvīpa, Map of the Various Countries of (Nansenbushu shokoku shuuran no zu; Kabō Hyōzō)
280
James Ford Bell Library
18, 326, 335, 339–340
James Shoal (South China Sea)
309
Japan
Sino-Japanese war
and “Asia”
266–292
Asian sources on
194
astronomy in
159, 161, 174
ban on Christianity in
xii–xiii, 137, 141, 270, 338–339
Buddhism in
16, 17, 137, 141, 144, 267, 271, 287
calendrical systems in
xiii, 141, 159
cartography in
17, 131
Chinese language in
xi, 138, 153, 203
Christian martyrs in
xv–xvi, xvii
closed country policy of
123n47, 137–138, 141
on Diaz-Longobardi globe
190–191
Dutch trade with
137, 270, 338, 339
European knowledge of
viii, xiv
invasion of Manchuria by
303
Jesuits in
27, 137
knowledge of geography in
170, 171–172, 175, 195
knowledge of West in
141, 287, 289
Korean maps of
252, 253, 256
Korean relations with
xiv, 241, 249, 252, 272
and Ming China
xiv, 266, 272–273
nationalism in
271, 281, 290
and nine-dash line
296, 303, 305, 309, 314
Portuguese in
xviii, 27, 137, 339
Ricci’s map in
x, xii, 13, 14–15, 108, 109, 118–119, 122, 138, 144–153, 168–174, 175, 281, 284, 338
Sinocentrism in
271–274
and Taiwan
296, 306
and Yakshas
118–119, 121
Japan-centrism
271, 281–291
Japanese Imperial Land Survey
350
Japanese language
153, 169, 174
Japanese maps
Nagakubo Sekisui
China in
272–274, 275
Europe in
287, 289
illustrations on
137–138, 141, 174
and Jesuit maps
10, 218, 270, 281, 287, 289
in Library of Congress East Asian map collections
361–363, 366–367
picture
287–289
of Tōkaidō road
357, 358–359
Japanese world maps
137–174
Bankoku Sōzu; Yŏji to
Buddhist
137, 277–280, 281, 362
five-continent system on
16, 17, 271, 277, 281, 283, 284–287, 289, 290
Mount Fuji on
287, 289
Nanban-style
138, 158, 159, 165, 169, 174
Rangaku-style
141, 171
and Ricci’s map
144–174
Jartoux, Pierre
365
Jefferson, Thomas
324
Jeong Duwon
xi
Jesuit maps
xv, 25–44, 178–201, 202
Kunyu quantu; Kunyu wanguo quantu
afterlives of
113–132
authorship of
197
and Buddhist world maps
277–281
collaborators on
197–198
and Confucianism
261, 270
and cultural exchange
34–40
illustrations on
203
and Japanese maps
10, 218, 270, 281, 287, 289
in Korea
xi, 235–265, 270
in Ming dynasty
178–201, 205, 269
past and present in
261
and Protestantism
xvii
in Qing dynasty
95, 113, 298
sources for
194–196
Jesuits
accommodation to local customs by
36–40, 84, 100, 101, 112–114, 131, 208, 211
autonomy of
32–33
and calendrical systems
xii, 226, 248, 249, 297–298
and cartography
11–12, 113–131, 178–179
catalogues of
62, 72
Chinese collaborators with
97, 178, 182, 194, 197–198
and Chinese elite
35, 204–5, 206, 298–299
and Chinese language
34, 86, 203, 209, 211, 214–215
and Chinese origin of Western learning
114–115, 125
Christian mission of
10, 11, 15, 25, 28, 31, 97, 197–198, 203, 342
and colonialism
11, 26–27, 31, 32, 35, 36, 97, 204
communication strategies of
45–81
Constitutions of
32, 47–48, 50, 53–54, 56, 70
and cultural exchange
25–26, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36, 37–39, 97, 116, 179, 198, 202, 204, 211
education of
29–30, 204
and ethnography
xvi, 25, 33, 39, 97
Formula of the Institute of
28, 53
Formula scribendi of
12, 63, 70, 71
on geography
11–12, 29, 35, 64–65
global communication networks of
10, 11–12, 25–44
and Kangxi survey
xviii, 129–130, 299, 365
letter writing by
12, 32–33
in Ming China
ix, 178–201, 205, 206, 269, 327
nativist inculturation of
34, 36–40
novitiates of
52, 62
publications by
32–33
and Qing China
95, 113, 178, 206, 207, 208, 269, 298–299
as scientists
ix, xi, xii, 11, 29, 31, 123, 204
secular activities of
11, 28–29, 31
suppression of
27, 33, 82
as teaching order
29–30
transportation for
13, 27, 73, 85, 204
and Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689)
33–34
Jiaoyou lun (Treatise on Friendship; Ricci)
205
Jie Xuan
114, 128, 129
jinbutsu zu (illustrations of peoples)
137–138, 141
Joken Nishikawa
337
Julius III, Pope
53
Kangnido (Kangni to; Honil kangni yŏktae kukto chito; Map of Integrated Lands and Regions of Historical Countries and Capitals)
195–196, 241, 242–244, 272, 273
Kangxi Emperor (China)
xii, 89, 207, 208, 298
survey of
xviii, 129–130, 299, 365
Kangxi huangyu quanlan tu (Kangxi Atlas of all Surveyed)
365
Kan’no Hachiro
170
Katsuragawa Hoshū
171
Kazutaka, Unno
357
Keiten gatchi Dai Shin kōyozu (Map of the Great Qing with longitudes and latitudes; Nagakubo Sekisui)
274, 275
Kiakhta, Treaty of (1727)
301
Kilian, Wolfgang
xvi
Kino, Eusebio
xvii–xviii
Kircher, Athanasius
87
Klaeber, Frederick
341
knowledge
approaches to
3–4
digital preservation of
343–344
global exchange of
vii–xix
and literacy
331–332
oral vs. written
323–324, 333, 344
preservation of
18, 340–344
transmission of
18–19, 323–348
Koegler, Ignaz
32
kokugaku (national learning)
14, 159, 161
Kongji gezhi (Investigation into Celestial Phenomena)
226
Konščak, Ferdinand
217n20
Kon’yo Zenzu (Map of the Earth; Inagaki Shisen)
172, 173, 174
Korean peninsula
xvii–xviii, 194, 195–196, 277.
Chosŏn (Joseon) dynasty
Korhonen, Pekka
269
Krauss, Michael
331
Kunyu quantu (Benoist)
209
Kunyu quantu (Complete Map of the World; Verbiest)
ix–xiii, 10, 13, 202–231
and Aleni’s map
35, 210, 215, 218
California on
xvii, 217
in China
113, 117, 130
and cultural exchange
25, 26–27, 34, 35, 202
description of
210–218
extant copies of
214
hemispheres on
ix, 210, 213–214, 355
illustrations on
x, xvi, 15, 35, 183, 210–211, 215–216
in Korea
xi, 16, 245n16, 246–250, 260
in Library of Congress East Asian map collections
18, 19, 355
place names on
214–215, 218
and Ricci’s map
178–179, 210, 211, 214, 215, 217, 218
and Sambiasi’s map
192, 298
and science
11, 209
and sphericity of earth
205–206, 216, 218–221, 224
textual inscriptions on
15, 183, 214, 216, 218–230
title of
211
Kunyu quantu (Sambiasi)
192–194, 211
Kunyu tushuo (Illustrated Explanations of the Earth; Aleni)
211
Kunyu tushuo (Illustrated Explanations of the Earth; Verbiest)
35, 183, 215
Kunyu wanguo quantu (Ricci’s 1602 World Map in Chinese)
ix–xiv
1608 version of
16, 205, 235, 298
accommodations to Chinese views in
13–14, 37, 100–101, 112–113, 114, 131, 205, 211
afterlives of
95, 96, 113–131
and Aleni’s map
xiii, 113, 179–180
and Aristotelian geography
101, 114, 178
and Buddhist maps
xii, 16, 104, 113, 279
and Catholic Church
100, 104–105, 107
as Chinese-Western collaboration
ix, 34
and Christianity
178, 211, 342
and colonialism
14, 26–27, 108–111, 113, 121–122
and cultural exchange
11, 25, 26, 34, 96–97, 202, 211
description of
1–7, 326–327
and exotica
105–106, 112–113, 118
extant original edition of
144–153, 174
five-continent system on
16, 100–101, 269, 284
hand-drawn copies of
138, 145, 150–157
and hemispheres
34, 210
in Japan
x, xii–xiii, 13, 14–15, 108, 109, 118–119, 122, 138, 144–153, 168–174, 175, 269, 281, 283, 284, 338
in Korea
xi, xi–xii, 10, 14, 235, 245, 246–250, 261, 262–263, 270
latitude and longitude on
100, 102, 129, 293, 339
Li Zhizao’s preface to
145, 148, 150, 152
in Ming China
4–5, 13, 95, 98–113, 260
and nine-dash line
293–294, 297, 298, 302
prestige of
328–329
in Qing China
95, 113, 298
revisions to
144–153, 174
and Sambiasi map
194
and Sekisui maps
171–172, 275, 276
sources for
97, 98–113, 178, 195, 327–328, 330, 337
and sphericity of earth
100, 101, 115, 125, 205–206
supplemented hand-drawn copies of
154, 155, 158–163, 169, 174
title of
1n1, 7
and transmission of knowledge
18, 323, 326–331
and Verbiest’s map
35, 178–179, 202, 205–206, 210, 211, 214, 215, 217, 218
Kwangyŏ to (atlas; Enlarged Map of the World)
262
Laínez, Diego
50–51, 55
Lancilotto, Niccolò
64
landscape itinerary maps
355–357
landscape paintings
210, 289, 355
languages, non-Western
33–34, 36, 50, 208.
Chinese language; Japanese language
latitude and longitude
in Chinese cartography
17, 125, 130, 131
in coordinate system
293–296
on Diaz-Longobardi globe
188, 189
on Japanese maps
274, 275
and nine-dash line
16, 295
on Qing maps
298, 300
on Ricci’s map
100, 102, 129, 293, 339
on Verbiest’s map
214
le Comte, Louis
32, 89
Le Gobien, Charles
89
Leopold Willem, Prince (archduke of Austria)
86
letters, Jesuit: copying and sharing of
45, 49–51, 52, 64
duplicate copies of
70
editing of
50, 69
frequency of
70–71
main (carta principal) vs. business (ex officio)
50n19, 60–62, 63, 67–68, 69, 72
rules for
51, 60–63, 67–71, 72
Lettres édifiantes et curieuses
45
Li Mingche
131n57
Li Zhizao
ix, 111–112, 138, 178, 192, 205, 330
preface to Ricci’s map by
145, 148, 150, 152
and Zhifang waiji
182, 183
Liang Zhou
124
Liangyi xuanlantu (Mysterious Map of the Two Forms)
xi, 246
Library of Congress East Asian map collections
18, 19, 349–371
atlases in
364–365
development of
351–363
digital access to
19, 350
hydrographic charts in
369–371
Japanese maps in
361–362, 366–367
Korean maps in
360–361, 367
multi-sheet map series in
365–367
online resources for
350–351
single sheet maps in
367–369
Libya. see Africa
Lifa wenda (Dialog on Calendar Astronomy; Foucquet)
209
Lim Jongtae
14, 16
Linck, Wencelaus
217n20
litterae annuae (Jesuit reports)
45–46
precursors to
47–71, 77
purposes of
47–59, 71
Longobardi, Niccolò
15, 82, 178, 206, 298
globe of
184–191
Louis XIV (France)
296, 299
Lu Ciyun
117–118
Lucretius
324
Luo Hongxian
13, 218, 330
Luosha, map of
355, 356
Ma Duanlin (Ma Tuan-lin)
104, 118, 330
Ma Huan
196
Ma Rong
130
Macao
305, 338
and Jesuits
37, 82, 84, 194, 206
Portuguese in
27, 99, 108, 123, 317
return to China of
317
Ricci in
100, 204, 327
Sambiasi in
192
Magalhães, Gabriel de
32, 35, 184
Magellan, Ferdinand
96, 110–111
Magellanica (Terra Australis)
Aleni on
181, 182
on Japanese world maps
119, 168, 169, 266, 269, 287
and Ricci’s map
101, 104, 169, 210
and Sambiasi’s map
193
on Verbiest’s map
214
in Zhifang waiji
182–183
Magini, Giovanni Antonio
194
magnetism
190, 227, 228
Magnus, Olaus
181
Malacca
47n7, 99, 108
Malaysia
309, 314
Maldavsky
38
Manchu language
195, 208
Manchuria
218, 303, 350, 355, 360, 367, 368.
Qing dynasty
Mandate of Heaven
209–210
Mang, Christoph
83
manuscripts
xvii, 18
Chinese
87–88
as exotica
98
Jesuit
59–60, 66, 67, 72–73
maps in form of
viii, xiv, 78, 150, 151, 154, 155, 270, 272, 350, 354, 355, 360, 361
and transmission of knowledge
324, 326, 332, 333, 335, 339–342
Mao Zedong
305
“Map of a Complete View of Imperial Territory” (Kangxi Atlas)
130
Marcello II, Pope (Marcello Cervini)
65
Marcotte, Joshua
337
Martini, Martin
xv, 13, 32, 84–90, 195, 210n12, 218, 364
McCune, Shannon
360, 361
Means, Setsuko
366
Mellon, Andrew W.
354
Menzies, Gavin
336
Mercator, Gerardus
106, 194, 205, 214, 327, 337, 338
Mercator, Rumold
194, 216–217
Mercurian, Everard
57, 63
Meurs, Jacob van
87
Mignini, Filippos
329
military maps
124, 354, 355, 365, 366, 368.
nine-dash line
Ming dynasty (China)
and Aleni’s map
180, 260
ban on private shipping in
99
and Chosŏn Korea
xi–xii, 16, 239, 241–246
and coordinate mapping
293, 299
and Diaz-Longobardi globe
184
Japanese relations with
xiv, 266, 272–273
Jesuits in
ix, 178–201, 205, 206, 269, 327
in Korean maps
239, 258–259, 360
loyalism to
16, 247–250, 259
and New World silver
98, 99
reform of knowledge in
197, 198
and Renaissance Europe
97, 98–99, 131
and Ricci’s map
4–5, 13, 95, 98–113, 178, 260
and Sambiasi
192
and Verbiest’s map
206, 212
Minnesota Ricci World Map
146–147, 156–157, 161–162
Mir, Mark Stephen
13, 15
Mito school
170
Moderne Tavole di Geografia (Magini)
194
Mongols
241, 272
Monmonier, Mark
314
Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu
52, 67
Morar, Florin Stefan
5
Moronobu Hishikawa
358
Mosca, Matthew
301
Mudimbe, V.Y.
114
Muir, Percy H.
325
Musaeum Bellarminianum
58
Muslims (Huihui)
108, 150
Nadal, Jerónimo
28, 53, 55, 57
Nagakubo Sekisui
x, xiv, 15, 119, 120, 169, 274
Chikyu bankoku sankai yochi zenzusetsu
copies of maps by
284, 286
maps by
141, 143, 169–175, 275, 276, 283–284, 285
Nagasaki (Japan)
xii, xv, 27
Dutch trade in
137, 270, 338–339
Nanban-style world maps (Japan)
138, 158, 159, 165, 169, 174
Nance, Walter B.
353
Nanhai zhudo weizhi tu (Location Map of the South China Sea Islands)
307
Nansenbushū bankoku shōka no zu (Map of the Universe; Hōtan)
141, 362
nationalism: Japanese
271, 281, 290
and nine-dash line
307, 315, 316
navigational charts
194, 368–369
and Bankoku Sōzu
164, 165
portolan
138, 158, 159, 164, 165, 169, 335–336, 338
and Ricci’s map
158, 159
and Sasayama World Map
169
Needham, Joseph
239
Neo-Confucianism
16, 17, 197, 271–276
Nerchinsk, Sino-Russian Treaty of (1689)
33–34, 301
New Atlas and Commercial Gazetteer of China, a Work Devoted to its Geography & Resources and economical & commercial development (Dingle)
364
New Chinese Atlas
.
see Novus Atlas Sinensis
New Guinea
189, 194
Niccoli, Niccolò di’
324
nine-dash line
293–320;
and coordinate system
293–298, 299, 302, 317
and Ming maps
293, 298
and PRC
307, 309–317
and Qing maps
295–301, 303
and Ricci’s map
293–294, 297, 298, 302
and ROC
16, 17, 18, 294–295, 302–303, 306–307
and territorial sovereignty
296–297, 301, 302, 305–306, 310, 313–315
Nishikawa, Joken
170, 281, 337, 338–339
Nishikawa, Osamu
363
Nobili, Roberto de
37
Nóbrega, Manuel
65
Nong zheng quan shu (Encyclopedia of Agriculture Among the Chinese; Xu Guangqi)
352
North America
Americas; California; West, the
animals from
x
on Buddhist maps
277
on Diaz-Longobardi globe
190
on Japanese maps
154, 156, 169
on Ricci’s map
73, 103, 124, 164, 169
and Siberia
73, 331
on Verbiest’s map
215
Nouveaux mémoires sur l’état présent de la Chine (le Comte)
89
Nova Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (J. Blaeu)
216
Novus Atlas Sinensis (New Chinese Atlas; Martini)
xv, 13, 84–90, 195, 364
Nowell, Laurence
342
Noyes, Crosby Stuart
362
Ochikochi Dōin
358
O’Malley, John
28, 29, 53
Ong, Walter
344
Online Digital Map Collection (Library of Congress)
350
Orbis Terrae Descriptio (R. Mercator)
216–217
orientalism
10, 38
Ortelius, Abraham
5, 183
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; Typus Orbis Terrarum
and coordinate system
302
and Diaz-Longobardi globe
191
and Ricci’s map
6, 205, 293, 302, 327, 337, 338
and Verbiest’s map
183, 216, 217
Pantoja, Diego de
32, 35, 181–182
Paracel Islands
303, 309, 310
Paraguay
36, 37
Pasio, Francesco
26
Paul III, Pope
47, 49, 53
Pauw, Adriaen
83
Pei Xiu
124, 125, 130, 131
Peltan, Theodor
58
Pereira, António
32
Pereira, Tomas
34
Philippines
26, 108, 123, 218
massacre in
99
and nine-dash line
307, 309, 310, 314
and silver trade
328
Phillips, Thomas
335, 339
Pictogram Map of the Republic of China (Xiangxing Zhonghua Minguo renwu yu di quantu)
368
picture maps, Japanese
287–289
Pio, Rodolfo
49n14
pirates
99, 196
Pires, Tomé
99
Pizzigano, Zuane
335–336, 338, 339
Plancius, Petrus
194, 327, 337, 338
Pliny the Elder
325
Polanco, Juan de
46, 51, 62–64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71
Poland
xvi, 12, 32, 46, 55, 56, 72
Pole, Reginald
49n14
poles, south and north
100, 119, 180, 193
Arctic; Magellanica
Verbiest’s map on
15, 215, 225, 226–228
Polo, Marco
xviii, 83, 267
Pon’guk chido (Map of Our State)
243
Portugal
192, 269, 311
Folangji
colonialism of
26–27, 37, 97, 99–100, 108, 123, 131, 204
and disinformation about Americas
334
expulsion of Jesuits by
27, 30
and Japan
xviii, 137, 339
and Macao
27, 99, 108, 123, 317
and Ricci’s map
108–111, 123, 150, 151–152
Postilla (Wujek)
56
Pratt, Mary Louise
13, 96, 112, 116
printing technology
viii, 54, 141, 202, 204, 324, 333
projections: dual-hemisphere
14, 141, 164, 179, 290, 355
geometrical
254
Mercator
ix, 5
Mollweide
100
oval
179, 181, 192, 193, 281, 283
on Qing maps
299–300
Sanson
365
stereographic equatorial
213
Protestantism
xvii, 27, 107, 270
Jesuit polemics against
54–58
publishing
and censorship
53, 87
Dutch
82–92
in Japan
138
of Jesuit writings
53–59, 69, 71, 82–93
specialist Jesuit community for
57–58
subjects in Jesuit
59–67
of translations
55, 82–90
Purchas, Samuel
83
Putnam, Herbert
353
pygmies
106, 118, 169
qi (air, vital force)
221–222, 227, 228, 229
Qianlong maps
299, 300
Qing dynasty (China)
Astronomy Bureau of
85, 178, 207, 208, 298
censorship in
212
and Chosŏn Korea
xi–xii, xiii, 16, 245, 248, 249, 252, 297
coordinate system in
298, 299
and European maps
301–302
expansionism of
316
and Jesuits
95, 113, 178, 206, 207, 208, 269, 298–299
maps of
7, 8–9, 180, 258, 260, 273, 274, 275, 300–301
and Ming maps
195, 258
and nine-dash line
295–301, 303
and Ricci’s map
95, 113, 260, 298
and ROC
295
and Russia
33–34, 299, 301
and Sambiasi
192
surveys of
xii, xv, xviii, 13, 129, 303, 365
and Taiwan
296
transition to
84, 245, 248
and tributary system
297
Qu Shigu
182, 183n9
Ragnow, Marguerite
18
Rangaku-style world maps
141, 171
Reading Imperial Cartography: Ming-Qing Historical Maps in the Library of Congress
19
Regis, Jean Baptiste
365
Regni Chinensis descriptio (The description of the Chinese Empire)
83
Relation de ce qui s’est passé en la Nouvelle France
45
Renaissance Europe
131, 211, 267
West, the
humanism in
11, 29, 30, 31, 324
and Ming China
97, 98–99, 131
and Ricci
100, 101, 218
and Verbiest
203
Rho, Giacomo
206, 209
Ricci, Matteo
Kunyu wanguo quantu; Shanhai yudi quantu
accommodation to local customs by
37, 100–101, 112–113, 114, 122, 131, 211
and Chinese cartography
98–113, 116, 125, 269, 302, 317, 339
and Chinese language
ix, 2, 138, 153, 269
and Chinese literati
ix, 104, 198, 204–205, 211, 297, 328–329
collaborators with
ix, x, 111–112, 138, 178, 182, 183, 185, 192, 205, 329–330, 352
and Confucianism
37, 100, 107, 185
credibility of
104–105, 113
death of
137, 178
and Diaz-Longobardi globe
189, 190
eastern and western hemispheres map of
164–168, 174, 175
innovations of
6–7
Japanese ban on
xii, 137
Jesuit education of
29, 31
Jesuit mission of
32, 327
journals of
83, 327, 334
portrait of
x
and Zhifang waiji
181–182
Rikichū no Kuni Kamaishikō no zu (Yanagi Narayoshi)
370
Ringmann, Martin
333
Rites of Zhou
130
road maps
355, 357, 358
Robertson, Roland
25, 30
Robinson, William H.
335
Rockhill, William Woodville
357
Rodrigues, João
32, 61, 70, 246
Rodrigues, Simão
49
Roselli, Petrus
338
Rosthorn glove (Vienna)
187
Ruan Yuan
130n57
Ruggieri, Michele
26, 32, 210n12, 327
Russia
170, 316, 355, 356, 371
and Inuit
331
and Qing China
33–34, 299, 301
in Ukraine
311
Russo-Japanese War (1894–1895)
368
Ruysch, Johannes
338
Ryukyu
252, 253, 256
Saishin Pekin shigai chizu: tsuketari Pekin Tenshin fukin chizu (Japanese map of Beijing)
369
Sakanishi, Shiho
362
Salmerón, Alfonso
49, 54, 61, 70
Sambiasi, Francesco
15, 178, 202, 205, 298
planisphere of
192–194, 211
and Verbiest’s map
210, 215, 218
Sancai tuhui (Collection of Diagrams concerning Heaven, Earth, and Men)
263, 269, 270
Sánchez, Alonso
26
Sanderus, Antonius
85
Sanson, Nicolas
365
Santacroce, Prospero
49n14
Sasayama Ricci World Map
138, 139, 155, 158–162, 169
Satanaze (Isle of Demons; Antilia islands)
336, 337–338, 339
Schall von Bell, Johann Adam
xi, 15, 32, 85, 178, 209, 249n23
gore map of
191–192
star map of
247n20, 248, 250
and Verbiest
206, 208, 298
Scheffer, Anthonie
83
Scheffer, Paulus
83
scholar-officials: and Jesuits
35, 97, 98, 204–205, 269
in Korea and Japan
203
in Qing China
207
and Ricci
ix, 104, 198, 204–205, 211, 297, 328–329
scholasticism
30
Schreck, Johann Terrenz
32, 206
science
and calendrical systems
15, 141
Chinese and Western
15, 141, 197, 203–204, 206, 209–211, 216
and Chinese origin of Western learning
114
and Christianity
xiii–xiv, 203
in Japan
137
and Jesuits
ix, xi, xii, 11, 29, 31, 114, 123, 204, 249
in Korea
237, 239, 249
political influences on
16, 300–301, 316, 334
and Ricci’s map
123
and Verbiest
15, 203, 216.
astronomy; geography
screens, folding
xiii, 137, 139, 158, 159, 160, 327
scroll maps
344, 355–358, 360.
Kunyu quantu; Kunyu wanguo quantu
seasons
100, 119, 205, 227
Sekai Bankoku Chikyū Zu (Map of the World; Inagaki Kōrō)
168–169
Sekai kunizukushi (All the countries of the world; Fukuzawa Yukichi)
289
Sekisui World Map
.
see Chikyu bankoku sankai yochi zenzusetsu
Selden map
xviii, 196, 317
Sendai astronomy school
159, 161
Setsuyō-shū (dictionaries)
165, 170
Shan jing Shu dao tu (Annotated Road Map from Shaanxi to Sichuan)
355, 357, 358–359
Shanhai yudi quantu (Complete Map of Mountains and Seas in the World; Ricci)
xiv, 34, 262–263
Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas)
215–216, 239, 259, 262
Shi ce Shanghai cheng xiang zu jie tu
369
Shiba Kōkan
141
Shibukawa Shunkai
159, 163
Shimabara Rebellion (Japan; 1637)
339
Shintei Bankoku Zenzu (Newly Revised Map of All the Countries)
141
Shinto
159, 271
Shixue (Practical Scholarship) movement
197
Siam (Thailand)
297
Siku quanshu
183, 298
Sinocentrism
and Chinese origin of Western learning
114
and Eurocentrism
98, 131
in Japan
271–274
of Jesuit maps
210
in Korea
16, 241, 258–259, 261, 272
of Neo-Confucianism
271–276
and Ricci’s map
102, 113
and tianxia
258–259
Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945)
303, 305, 368
Smith, Richard J.
124
Smogulecki, Jan Mikolaj
32
Sohyeon, Crown Prince
xi
Sōkaku
277
South America
36, 105, 215, 216, 289, 325
Brazil
Eurocentrism in
37–38
South China Sea
72, 153
China’s historical claims to
314–315
Europeans in
99, 123
and nine-dash line
17, 18, 293–320
PRC’s claims in
307, 309–317
ROC’s claims in
16, 17, 18, 294–295, 306–307
terms for
295n3
Southeast Asia
xvii, 164
colonialism in
13, 26, 99, 111, 123
Japanese trade with
138
and Ricci’s map
102, 154, 158, 159, 169
in Sasayama Ricci World Map
162, 169
sources on
102, 159, 194, 195, 196
Verbiest’s map on
214, 227
Spain
99, 137, 215, 328
colonialism of
11, 26–27, 36, 99, 108, 123, 131
and disinformation about Americas
334
and Jesuits
xiv, 15, 26, 27, 32, 55
and Ricci’s map
107, 108
and Verbiest’s map
217
Spanish language
82, 87, 89
Speed, John
xvi
“Spiritual Exercises” (Ignatius)
31
Spratly Islands
309, 310, 316
Standaert, Nicolas
34
star maps
209, 247n20, 248, 250
Steinberg, Saul
125
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay
131–132
Sukchong, King (Korea)
247
Sŭngjŏngwon ilgi (Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat)
246
Swerve, The (Greenblatt)
324
Swingle, William Tennyson
353
symbolic maps
14, 124, 125, 243–244
Szpot Dunin, Tomasz Ignacy
12, 46, 73–78
Tabula geographica Orientis (Geographical Map of the Orient; Szpot)
73, 78
Tabula itineris ex Moschovia in Chinam a Moschis facta (Itinerary from Moscow to China; Szpot)
73, 76
T’aejong, King (Korea)
243
Taiwan
158, 218, 296, 306, 355, 356
and nine-dash line
307, 308, 309, 310, 314
Takahashi Kageyasu
141
Tarawa island
370
Tartariae Imago (Tartary; Szpot)
73, 75
Tasman, Abel Janszoon
217
Tçuzzu, João Rodrigues
xi
Teixeira, Luís
xiv
Teng, Emma
296, 314n48
Terrestrial globe gores (Waldeseemüller)
192
textual inscriptions
ix–x, xv–xvi, 124, 138, 206
on Diaz-Longobardi globe
185, 190
on Fra Mauro map
267
on Ricci’s map
100, 108–111, 210, 328, 330–331
on Sambiasi’s map
193
on Verbiest’s map
15, 183, 214, 216, 218–230
Thailand
297
Theater of Operations, Japan-China War 1894–5
368
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (atlas; Theatre of the Orb of the World; Ortelius)
xiv, 181, 194, 217
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus (Blaeu)
194, 195
Thongchai Winichakul
297
Tianqi emperor (Ming China)
185
Tianwen lüe (Questions about the Heavens; Diaz)
185, 209
tianxia (all under heaven)
17, 96, 210, 241–242, 300–301
Tianxia jiubian fenye renji lucheng quantu (Complete Map of the Nine Border Towns and Allotted Fields of All-Under-Heaven…; Cao Junyi)
126–127, 298
tianxia tu (traditional world map; Yŏji to)
252, 253, 258–259, 260, 261
Tianxue Chuhan (First Collection of Heavenly studies)
183
Ting Wen-chiang
364
T-O shape maps
267–268
Tōkaidō bunken emaki (Pictorial Map of the Stages of the Route along the Eastern Sea; Moronobu Hishikawa and Ochikochi Dōin)
358–359
Tokugawa Yoshimune
xiii, 141, 270
Tokugawa Yoshinao
xiii
Tokushima Ricci World Map
155, 156–157, 161, 162
Tongguk chido (Map of the Eastern State)
254, 257
Tongzhi emperor (Qing China)
351
topography
124, 159, 160, 350, 353, 365–367, 370
Toytomi Hideyoshi
xiv, 272
trade
colonialism
with Japan
137, 138, 270, 338, 339
and Jesuits
27
and New World silver
98, 99, 328
Treaty of Peace and Amity (U.S.-Japan; 1854)
137
Trigault, Nicholas
32, 82–83, 329
Tushu bian (Compilation of Diagrams and Writings; Zhang Huang)
261
Tyler, John
351
Typus Orbis Terrarum (map; Ortelius)
181, 327, 337
Ucerler, M. Antoni J.
36, 38
Ugarte, Juan de
217n20
Ukraine
311
United Nations Convention on the International Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
307, 309, 310, 314, 317
United States (U.S.)
311, 312.
North America; West, the
Ursis, Sabatino de
32, 35, 181, 193, 215, 216
Utagawa Sadahide
289, 290
Vaez de Torres, Luis
189
Vagnone (Vagnoni), Alfonso
35, 215
Valignano, Alessandro
xv, 36, 39, 204
van der Keere, Pieter
138
van Santen, Dirk Jansz
86
Verbiest, Ferdinand
ix–xii, 202–203, 206–209, 298
Kunyu quantu
and astronomical instruments
208–209, 212
and Chinese science
11, 15, 203, 209, 216
Jesuit education of
29, 31
Jesuit mission of
31–32
and Kangxi’s astronomy test
207
and Sino-Russian relations
34
writings by
xvi, 15, 35, 183–184, 208, 214, 215, 216, 218–230
and Zhifang waiji
183
Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty
xi
Vespucci, Amerigo
333
Vieira, Antônio
27
Vietnam
307, 309, 310, 314
Vitelleschi, Muzio
71n92
Vizcaíno, Sebastián
158
Voltaire
89
Vondel, Joost van den
84–85
Waesberge, Joannes Janssonius van
87
Waldeseemüller, Martin
192, 333, 339
Wan li hai fang tu shuo (Map of ten thousand miles of coastal defenses; Tan Jiuchou)
355
Wang Pan
327, 328–329
Wang Zhongming
329
Wanguo quantu (Complete map of ten thousand countries; Aleni)
124, 179–182, 298
and Diaz-Longobardi globe
189
extant copies of
179–180
and five-continent system
180–181, 269
Korean reproduction of
235, 238, 251, 252, 259–263
and Korean world maps
254, 259, 260, 270
and Ricci’s map
xiii, 113, 179–180
and Sambiasi’s map
192, 193, 194
and Verbiest’s map
35, 210, 215, 218
Wangxia Treaty (1845)
351
Wanli emperor (Ming China)
178, 182, 235, 249, 298
Warner, Langdon
360
Wei Jun
122
Wenxian tongkao (Comprehensive Examination of Literature; Ma Duanlin)
104, 118, 330
West, the (Europe and North America)
Britain; colonialism; France; Portugal; Spain
Aleni on
35, 122, 184
in Buddhist world maps
277
and Chinese cartography
ix, 5, 6–7, 14, 34, 96, 97, 100–101, 112, 115–116, 129–132
Chinese knowledge of
121–122
Enlightenment in
39, 218
geographic knowledge in
viii, 141
hegemony of
35, 40
Japanese knowledge of
141, 287, 289
Jesuits as representatives of
35
knowledge of Japan in
viii, xiv
knowledge of Korea in
xiv–xv
Protestant Reformation in
27, 53, 57, 107
Ricci on
101, 106, 107–108, 122–123
science from
15, 129–132, 141, 197, 203–204, 206, 209–211, 216
Western learning
xi, 246, 270–271, 290
Chinese origin of
113–115, 125
Weyerstraat, Elizeus
87
wheel maps (ch’ŏnhado)
xii, 239, 262, 263, 361
Wigen, Kären
16, 17
Wilkes, Charles
370
Witsen, Nicolaes
88
Wo guo zong tu (Complete Map of Our State)
252
Woguo nanhai zhudao tu (Map of China’s Islands in the South Sea)
308
Won Hak-saeng
360–361
woodblock printing
in China
202
in Japan
271, 281
and map revisions
109, 110, 145, 148–151
of Ricci’s map
ix, xiii, 1, 213, 269, 330
of Verbiest’s map
212, 213
World War II
303, 305, 368
writing technologies
323–324, 331, 340, 341
writings, Jesuit
letters, Jesuit
in Chinese
203, 209, 215
Japanese ban on
137
publication of
53–59, 69, 71, 82–93
purposes of
46, 47–59
subjects in
59–67
translations of
55
Wu Zhuohai
329
Wujek, Jakub
56
Xavier, Francis
47, 48, 65, 66, 73, 137
Xi Jinping
310, 312, 315, 316
Xiao Jiefu
114
Xifang dawen (Answers to Questions concerning the West; Aleni)
35, 122, 184
Xifang yao yi (Concise Account of the West; Magalhães and Buglio)
35
Xinjiang
300, 316
Xinzhi Lingtai yixiang zhi (Astronomia Europaea; Verbiest)
208
Xiong Mingyu
123
Xiong Renlin
123
Xu Guangqi
x, 178, 185, 192, 205, 352
Xu Xuchen
183n9
Yakshas
103–104, 118–119, 121, 330–331
Yan Shusen
351
Yang Guangxian
207
Yang Tingyun
178, 182, 183n9, 205
Yang Ziqi
244
Ye Xianggao
182, 183n9
Ye Zipei
130
Yi Sugwang
246, 247
Yijing (Book of Changes)
211
Yingyai shenglan (Survey of the ocean shores; Ma Huan)
196
Yochi Zu (World Map)
141, 142, 169–170
Yŏji to (atlas; Terrestrial Maps)
235–236, 239, 251–263
cartographic accuracy in
253–254
miscellaneous maps in
251–252
past and present in
258–261
Tributary Mission map in
252, 254
Yongzheng map
299
You Yi
128
Young, John Russell
357
Yu Shi
124
Yuan dynasty (Mongols)
272
Yuanjing shuo (Explanation of the Telescope; Schall von Bell)
209
Yuanshi (History of the Yuan)
102
Yudi Shanhai quantu (Zhang Huang)
298
Yudi tu (Yang Ziqi)
244
Yugong (Tribute of Yu)
115, 117, 128, 130
Yuji tu (Map of the Tracks of Yu; stone stela)
194–195, 293, 294, 300
Yulan Xifang yaoji (Xifang dawen revision)
184
Yushu jingtian hedi (Map of the [Tribute of] Yu Shown in its Terrestrial and Corresponding Celestial Dimensions)
128
Zaltieri, Bologino
337
Zannetti, Luigi
xiv
Zhang, Min
350
Zhang, Qiong
13–14, 198
Zhang Huang
261, 298
Zhang Wentao
329
Zhao Rukuo
196
Zheng He
102, 195, 196
Zhifang waiji (Record of Foreign Lands; Aleni)
181–184, 189, 298
and exotica
118
and Folangji
123
illustrations in
181, 191
in Japan
xiii, 141
in Korea
16, 235, 246, 260
on Ricci
198
and Ricci’s map
269, 298
sources for
35, 194
Zhongguo nanhai daoyu tu (Map of Chinese Islands in the South China Sea)
303
Zhonghua minguo xin ditu (New Atlas of the Republic of China; Ting Wen-chiang)
364–365
Zhonghua minguo xingzheng quyu tu (Administrative Division Map of the Republic of China)
307
Zhou Enlai
307
Zhu Heling
115
Zhu Siben
150, 330
Zhuang Tingfu
130
Zhufan zhi (Description of Barbarian Nations; Zhao Rukuo)
196
Zōhō Kai’i tsūshō-kō (On Commercial Relations with Chinese and Barbarians; Nishikawa Joken)
281, 283
Zou Yan
115
Zungchin of ondergang der Sineesche heerschappye (play; Emperor Chongzhen or the downfall of the Chinese supremacy; Vondel)
84–85