Index
Please note that personal names beginning with ‘al-’ in Arabic are indexed under the letter of the following word. Personal names that include a toponym are listed under the first name.
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, caliph (r. 912–961)
242, 310
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Buluggīn, amir of Granada (r. 1073–1090)
309
Abencerraje, family
204
Abenhut. see Ibn Hud
Abenxabat, Judah
321
Abravanel, Isaac
323
Abū al-Ḥasan, sultan of Granada (r. 1464–1482, 1483–1495)
197–198, 202, 204
Abū al-Qāsim “El Muleh”
197
Abū Bakr
284, 293
Abū Bakr b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿUmar al-Marāghī = al-Marāghī
287–288
Abū l-Barakāt Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Nāṣirī al-Jarkasī al-Ḥanafī = Ibn Iyās
289
Abū Saʾīd
27
Abū Yaḥyà, wālī of Majorca (r. 1208–1229)
110–111
Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb al-Manṣūr, Almohad caliph (r. 1184–1199)
267
Abulafia, Todros ben Judah Halevi
318–319
adab
307, 311, 317
ADEIZA (Association of Independent Zamoran Voters)
128–131, 139, 140–143, 146
Adelheid (r. 1089–1105). see Eupraxia
al-ʿĀdil Nūr al-dīn Maḥmūd b. Zankī. see Nūr al-dīn Maḥmūd b. Zankī
adoptionism
384
ʿAḍud al-Dawla
295
Africa
215, 217, 219–220, 225, 230, 233
African Red Slip (ARS) wares
219, 225, 231
age
39, 462–465
Aegean
30
Aethelred
442
aguacil
258
Aguilar, house of
189, 204
al-Andalus
27, 73, 86, 153–154, 166, 172–173, 176, 183, 245, 257, 268, 275, 279, 286, 294, 296–297, 299, 306, 308, 310–313, 315, 317, 352, 379, 385, 390, 396
ʿAlam al-dīn Yaʿqūb b. Abī Bakr
277
Alamūt
291–292
Alarcos
267
Alba de Quirós
365
Albertus Magnus
98
Alcalá, castle
112
Alcalá de Benzaide
74
Alcalá de Henares, cortes of (1348)
321, 323
Alcanate (Al-Qanatir)
258–259
Alcaraz
259, 266
Aleppo
292
Alexander of Hales
98
Alexander VI, pope
199
Alexandria
23, 27, 42
Alexios III Angelos, emperor of Byzantium (r. 1195–1203)
438
Alfonso I, king of Aragon and Pamplona (r. 1104–1134)
247, 352, 356, 360–362, 367, 409
Alfonso III, king of Asturias (r. 866–910)
383
Alfonso IV, king of Aragon (r. 1299–1336)
322
Alfonso VI, king of León (from 1065) and Castile (r. 1072–1109)
73, 132, 140–141, 242, 244, 246–249, 251–252, 256–257, 268, 297, 311–314, 352, 364, 403, 408–411, 426
Alfonso VII, king of Castile-León (r. 1126–1157)
72, 314–315, 351–358, 360, 362–364, 367–372, 378–379, 392, 394–395, 403, 415, 420, 423–424, 438
Alfonso VIII, king of Castile (r. 1158–1214)
172, 316–318, 437, 441, 459
Alfonso IX, king of León (r. 1188–1230)
437–439, 441, 444, 447, 450–451
Alfonso X, king of Castile and León (r. 1252–1284)
74, 76, 81, 97, 106, 135, 176, 258–260, 268, 318–321, 435, 444, 453, 463, 465
Alfonso XI, king of Castile and León (r. 1312–1350)
305–306, 321–323
Alfonso de Molina
444
Alfonso Henriques, king of Portugal (r. 1139–1185)
367, 369–371
Alfonso Jordán, count of Toulouse
357, 362
Alfonso Raimúndez, infant (later Alfonso VII of León and Castile)
356
Algeciras
82, 320
Algiers
35, 44
ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
294
Almazán
368
Almanzor see al-Manṣūr
Almenara
114
Almería
45, 378, 390, 395
Almohads
153, 163, 169, 173, 175, 266–267, 286, 297, 308, 316, 444
almojarife
305–306, 314, 316, 318, 321–322
Almoravids
248, 250, 315, 352, 363
Alonso de Palencia
187, 195, 201
Alonso de Santa Cruz
185, 187, 191–192
Alsace
439
Álvar Núñez
448
Álvarez de Córdoba, Licenciado Alonso
191
Ambrose, saint
384
Anatolian Plateau
25
Annals of Hildesheim
443
Annio da Viterbo
199
annona
217
Antioch
78
anti-Semitism
38, 298
apocalypse
384–385, 394
Aquinas, Thomas
98–99
Arabic language
107, 108, 194, 310, 312–313, 318
Aragon, kingdom
95–98, 103, 111, 114, 116–117, 185, 190, 193, 306, 322, 409–410, 414
Arconada
471
Arévalo
198, 204
Arias Gonzalo
135
Ariosto, Ludovico
48
Arnaldo of Astorga, bishop
380–381
Arrixaca
259
al-Asnawī
281–282, 286–289, 298–299
Astorga
222, 450
Astudillo
440
Asturias
357, 365–367, 378, 383
Asturias de Oviedo
367–368
Asturias de Santillana
362
Atbrand, King James I of Aragon’s bailiff
103
atiba
342
Atienza
361, 365
Atlantic
216–217, 219, 225, 233
Augsburg
439
Augustine of Hippo, saint
70, 169, 230, 384, 474
Augustus, emperor (63 BC–14 AD)
222
Avenceta
388
Ávila
173, 174
Avitus of Braga
226
Axarquia, La
202
Ayyubids
283, 296
al-Azraq
95, 112–113
Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʾiʿ al-duhūr
290
Badajoz
248
Badr al-dīn Ibn Farḥūn
296
Baetica, kingdom of
73, 382
Baeza
74, 172, 446
Baghdad
266, 295
al-Bakrī
293–294, 297
Balearic Islands
97.
Majorca and Menorca
Banū Farḥūn
296
al-Baqīʿ
280, 285–286
Barcelona
363–364
Barchilon, Yuçef
319
Barton, Simon
72–73, 79, 96, 113, 125, 153, 171, 184, 205, 218, 276, 312, 351, 379, 387, 393, 396, 403–404, 435
Baybars, Mamlūk sultan (r. 1260–1277)
277, 282
Bayonne
362
Baza
200
Beatrice/Elizabeth Hohenstaufen/of Swabia (1205–1235)
174, 435–437, 439–450, 452–453
Beatus of Liébana
384
Bedouins
296
Bellido Dolfos. see Vellido Dolfos
Belorado
440–441
Beltrán de Risnel, count
361
Benavente
447
Berenguela/Berengaria of Barcelona (1116–1149)
367
Berenguela of Castile (c.1180–1246)
87, 435, 437–442, 444–453
Berenguela of León (1204–1237), Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of Castile’s daughter
175
Berganza, Francisco
156–159, 161
Bernáldez, Andrés
188, 196, 203
Bernard of Clairvaux, saint
264
Bernard of Sédirac, archbishop of Toledo
249, 251–252, 254–255, 261, 268
Bernardo, archbishop of Santiago de Compostela
448
Bible
Cod. 6 (920 Bible)
383
La Cava
383
León
383
Seville Bible
383
Black Death
282
Black Stone
291
Boabdil (Mohammed XI), amir of Granada (d. 1454)
191–192, 197, 201, 203–204
Boniface, bishop from Gallaecia
227
Book of Deeds of James I of Aragon. see Llibre dels fets
Bordeaux
220
Borgias
190, 199
Boscà, Pere
196, 200
Braga
216, 218, 220, 222–233
Breydenbach, Bernhard
30
Britain
215, 217, 219, 221
Buanga
365, 367
Buondelmonti, Cristoforo
52–54
Burgos
155, 160, 173, 361, 384, 441–442, 445–446, 458
cathedral
154, 156, 157, 174–175, 442
Burral
370
Byzantines/Byzantium
26, 215–217, 219–220, 224, 226, 228, 230–234, 276, 282, 298, 438
Cabra, count of
202–203
Cabreros, treaty of
452
Cádiz
77, 259
Cairo
283, 293, 295, 298
Calatrava, Military Order of
83
Campo de Pilela
451
Canon Law
464, 468
Cantar de gesta (of Sancho II)
130–131
Cantigas de Santa María
76, 258–260, 453
Cap Bon
48
Cape Baba
37
Cape Maleas
51
Capilla
240
Carmathians
291
Carrión
440, 465, 467
infantes de
78
Carrión de los Condes. see San Zoilo de Carrión
Cartagena
217, 220, 223
Carthage
220, 230
Castelló de Borriana
114
Castile (Castile and León from 1230), kingdom of
76–77, 81, 88, 97, 127, 162, 173–175, 186, 253, 258, 260, 266–267, 435–438, 440–444, 447, 449–450, 452
Castro, family
360
Castrofroila
137
Castrojeriz
360, 440–441
Catholic Monarchs (Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile)
185–188, 191–193, 195, 199–201, 205
Cea, river
138
Central Asia
291
ceramics
216, 219–220, 226, 231–232
Châmoa Gomes
371
Chanson d’Antioche
78
Chanson de Roland
389
Charlemagne (747–814)
378, 396
Charraric, Suevic king of Galicia (r. c.550–558/559)
223
children
80
chivalry
71–72, 75
Chrismon
409–411, 426
Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris (CAI)
171, 353, 355–369, 371–373, 378, 380–382, 385–386, 388, 395–396
Chronica latina regum Castellae
169, 171–172, 267, 438, 443
Chronica Naierensis
133–134
Chronicle of 754
171
Chronicon regum Legionensium
134
Cid Campeador. see Díaz de Vivar, Rodrigo
clamour
161–164, 166, 170, 172
Clement III, pope
162–163
climate anomaly
18
Coimbra
246
coin, coinage
216, 233, 408, 410–417, 418, 420–426
Commentaria in Apocalypsin
384
Comunero rebellion (1520)
187, 190–191
Concilio (local assembly)
340, 342
Conrad II, duke of Swabia
436–437, 440
Conrad of Montferrat, king of Jerusalem (r. 1190–1192)
292
Constance of Burgundy (d.1093), second wife of Alfonso VI
254–255, 297
Constance of Sicily (d. 1198)
98
Constantinople
227.
Byzantium
Contarini, Agostino
38
converso/a
39, 40, 185, 189, 203, 321
Copts
281
Córdoba
81, 153, 169, 172, 189–190, 242, 254, 263, 266, 268, 297, 308, 311, 318
Great Mosque of
239, 243, 252–253, 268
Martyr Movement of
390
Corpus Iuris Civilis
319
corsairs
27, 35–36, 44, 51–53
Cortes
305, 322, 445
Council of Vienne (1311–1312)
306
Council of Zamora (1312–1313)
306
Covadonga
198
Coyanza
360
credit
338, 342
Crete
33, 52
Crónica de Alfonso X
74
cross
409–418, 421–422, 426
crown
412, 415–417, 419, 421–423
Crusades
164, 166, 175
First crusade
72, 161
Crusaders
173, 174, 276, 296, 298–299
Cuenca
173
fuero of
317
Cunctis sanctorum
249
Cyprus
24–26, 29, 39, 42, 47
Çag de la Maleha (Isaac ibn Sadoq)
319–320
Daniel
385
dār al-ʿašara (the House of the Ten)
279
Davídiz, Sisnando, count
245, 312
debt
337–339
demon. see Satan
Denis I, king of Portugal (r. 1279–1325)
98
De Rebus Hispanie
171, 240, 254, 266–268, 313
De Sota, Francisco
380
devil. see Satan
Deza, Diego de
188
dhimma/dhimmīs
244–245, 287, 309, 311
diadem
410, 412–414, 417
Díaz, Fernando
103, 105
Díaz, Pedro
364–365
Díaz de Games, Gutierre
89
Díaz de Haro, Lope
87, 448–449
Díaz de Vivar, Rodrigo (El Cid Campeador)
133, 146
Diocletian, emperor (r. 284–305)
222
Dulce of Aragon, queen consort of Portugal (r. 1185–1198)
114
Dulce of León (c.1194/5–1248), infanta
447, 451
Dume/ Dumium, monastery
223, 229–231
Edict of Expulsion (of the Jews from Spain, 1492)
188, 323
Égija
321
Egypt
228, 275–276, 281–282, 286–287, 290, 294–299
Einhard
378
elches
204–205
Eleanor of Aquitaine (d. 1204), queen of France and England
446
Eleanor of Castile, queen consort of Aragon (r. 1221–1229)
114–115
Eleanor of Castile, Alfonso XI’s sister and queen consort of Aragon (r. 1329–1336). see Leonor of Castile
Eleanor Plantagenet, queen of Castile and Toledo (r. 1170–1214)
441, 446
Eleanor/Helena of Portugal, Frederick III’s wife (r. 1452–1467)
443
Elisabet/Isabel of Aragon, queen consort of Portugal (r. 1282–1325)
98
El Puig
116
Emanuel d’Aranda
38, 50
Emma/Aelfgifu
442
emotions
19, 95–106, 109–117, 203
emotional community
32, 47
masculinity and
71
Enrique/Henry IV, king of Castile and León (r. 1454–1474)
198
Epistulae
389
Ermengol, Estefanía
367
Espéculo
463
estate. see property
Estoria de España/Espanna. See Primera Crónica General
Eudesindo. see Vellido Dolfos
Eupraxia/Praxedis/Adelheid, Holy Roman Empress consort (r. 1089–1105)
443
Extremadura
378
Fabri, Felix
20, 30–31, 37, 43
Falperra
223
fama
466–467, 469–470
Fāṭimids
276–277, 293, 295, 297–298
faunal imagery
379–396
Felipe/Philip I, king of Castile (r. 1506)
188, 190
Felipe/Philip, infante of Castile (1292–1327), son of Sancho IV and María de Molina
305, 321
Felipe/Philip of Castile (c.1231–1274), son of Fernando III and Beatrice of Swabia
447
Fernández de Castro, Rodrigo
364
Fernández de Córdoba
189–190
Gonzálo, Gran Capitán
190–191
Pedro, Marquis of Priego
190
Fernando I, king of Castile and León (r. 1037–1065)
132, 136–137, 143, 246, 408
Fernando II, king of León (r. 1157–1188)
420
Fernando III, king of Castile (r. 1217–1252) and León (r. 1230–1252)
78, 83, 86–87, 97, 153, 172–175, 240, 257, 266, 318–319, 435, 437, 439, 441–442, 444–452, 459
Fernando del Pulgar
187, 201
Fernando/Ferdinand II of Aragón (r. 1479–1516). see Catholic Monarchs
fine
331–332, 335–336, 339, 341–345
First Crusade. see Crusade
Flaínez, Pedro
334, 342–346
Formentera
48, 51
Fourni Islands
53
Fourth Lateran Council (1215)
163, 173, 320
Frederick I, emperor (r. 1155–1190)
435, 437
Frederick II, emperor (r. 1220–1250)
436–437, 440, 449
Fróilaz, Pelayo
364
Fróilaz, Ramiro
359
Fróilaz de Traba, Pedro
370
Frómista
463–464, 466, 471, 478
Fructuosus of Braga, archbishop
227
Fruela Muñoz, count
331–332, 335–336, 340–341, 343–344, 346
Fuentepudia
440
Fuentes de don Vermudo
Fuero Juzgo. See Liber Iudiciorum
Fulgentius of Ruspe, bishop
384
Fusṭāṭ
293
Gallaecia, Roman province of
216–218, 220–222, 226–228, 230–231, 233
Galicia
357, 369–370, 378
Galíndez de Carvajal, Lorenzo de
187, 191
García II, king of Galicia (r. 1065–1071)
132
García Gonzalo, Master of the Order of Santiago
439
Gate of Betrayal (Puerta de la Traición, Zamora)
125–126, 141–144, 146–147
Gate of Loyalty (Puerta de la Lealtad, Zamora)
125, 126, 141–144, 146–147
Gaul
215, 220, 224–225, 232
Gelmírez, Diego, bishop and archbishop of Santiago de Compostela
404, 412
Genoa
22
Gertrude, wife of Henry III. see Gunhild
Gibraltar, Straits of
42, 74
Gómez Carrillo, Garci
79
Gómez, Rodrigo
360
González de Lara, Nuño
78–80, 88
González de Lara, Pedro
357, 361, 363
González de Lara, Rodrigo
357, 359, 362–363, 367
González, Pedro, monk of San Zoilo
457
Gonzalo de Ayora
187, 191
Gothic, style
260–263
Gran Capitán. See Fernández de Córdoba, Gonzalo
Granada
192, 204, 248, 308–309, 315
conquest of (1492)
184, 185, 187–189, 193–195, 199, 201, 205, 323
Grecos
451
Greek, language
228–231
Gregorian Sacramentary
159, 168
Gregory VII, pope
248–249, 311
Gregory the Great, pope
384
Guipúzcoa
440
Gulf of Antalya
24, 25
Gulf of Lion
25
Gunhild/Gertrude of Denmark, queen consort of Germany (r. 1036–1038)
443
Gutiérrez, Gonzalo, queen Beatrice of Swabia’s steward
446
Guzmán, Leonor de
323
ḥadīth
23, 389
al-Ḥāfiẓ, imam-caliph (r. 1132–1149)
294, 298
Hagia Sophia (Istanbul)
239
hajib
310–311
al-Ḥakam II, caliph (r. 961–976)
310
al-Ḥākim bi-amr Allāh
293, 297–298
HaNagid, Shmuel
21
Ḥasan-i-ṣabbāḥ
291–292
Helena, emperor Constantine’s mother
24, 443
Henrique/Henry of Burgundy, count of Portugal
371
Henry II, king of England (r. 1154–1189)
416
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1046–1056)
443
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1084–1105)
443
Henry IV of Castile. see Enrique IV, king of Castile
Henry VII (1211–1242), Frederick II’s son
440
Henry of Brunswick
436
Hermann de Salza, Teutonic Grand Master
452
Hermenegild
228
Hernando de Baeza
183–211, esp. 189–191
Hernando de Talavera
186
Higares, lordship of the Teutonic Order
452
La Higueruela, Battle of (1431)
194, 198
Ḥijāz
293, 295, 299
al-Ḥimyarī
280
Hishām II, caliph (r. 976–1009)
310
Historia Arabum
171
Historia Compostellana
73, 412, 423
Historia Silense
134, 389, 396
History of William Marshal
75, 83
Holy Land
161–164, 166, 168, 170, 173–174, 363
Holy Roman Empire
166, 435, 437–439, 442–443
Honorius III, pope
164, 173, 450
Hospitallers
450
House of the Ten. see See dār al-ʿašara
Huesca
160, 262, 380
Hugh, Abbot of Cluny
248
ḥujra, al-ḥujra al-muqaddasa. See the Prophet’s tomb
Hundred Years War
89
al-Ḥusayn
283, 294
Hydatius
222, 226
Iblīs. see Satan
Ibn al-Fakhar, Abraham
318
Ibn Bassam
245, 255
Ibn Daud, Abraham
308–310, 313, 315, 317
Ibn Ezra, Judah
314–315
Ibn Ezra, Moses
315
Ibn Ferruziel, Joseph (Cidellus)
313–314
Ibn Ḥabbūs, Bādīs, amir of Granada (r. 1038–1073)
308
Ibn Hazm
245
Ibn Hud, ruler of Murcia (r. 1228–1238)
266–267, 269
Ibn Iyās
298
Ibn Jau, Jacob
310–311
Ibn Jubayr
31, 296, 298
Ibn Khaldūn
41
Ibn Mājid al-Najdī, Ahmad
15, 18, 21
Ibn Māksan, Ḥabbūs, amir of Granada (r. 1019–1038)
309
Ibn Naghrela, Joseph
Ibn Naghrela, Samuel (ha-Nagid)
308–310
Ibn Sadoq, Çulema
319–320
Ibn Sadoq, Isaac. see Çag de la Maleha
Ibn Shālīb
313
Ibn Shaddād
20
Ibn Shaprūt, Ḥasdai
310–311
Ibn Shoshan, Joseph ben Mair (Yuçuf Abenxuxen)
316–317
Ibn Ṭufayl
54
Ibn Verga, Solomon
323
Ibn Wakar, Samuel
322
ifranj
280–281
Imtāʿ al-asmāʿ
289
India
291
Innocent III, pope
163, 167, 173, 439
Innocent IV, pope
164, 175
Inquisition
186, 188, 205
insurance, maritime
18, 27
al-Intiṣārāt al-islāmiyya
289
Íñiguez, Jimeno
360
ira regia (royal anger)
110
Ireland
215, 219
Irene/Maria Angelos (c.1181–1208), queen consort of Sicily and Germany
436
Isaac II Angelos, emperor of Byzantium (r. 1185–1195)
436, 438
Isabel/Isabella I, queen of Castile (r. 1474–1504). see Catholic Monarchs
Isfahān
291
Isidore of Seville/Isidoro de Sevilla
227
Ismaʿīlī Shīʿīs
276, 290–291
Istoria de Mahomet
389
Italy
25, 186, 227, 230
Iudicatio, judicial fine
331–332, 341, 346–347
Jaén
153, 447
Jamāl al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Abī Jaʿfar Aḥmad b. Khalaf al-Khazrajī al-Anṣārī
Jamāl al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. al-Ḥasan al-Umawī al-Qurashī al-Asnawī. see al-Asnawī
Jamāl al-Dīn al-Mawṣilī
283
Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Abī Manṣūr al-Iṣfahānī
278
Jamāl al-Dīn b. Yaghmūr
283
James, saint. see Santiago de Compostela
James I, king of Aragon (r. 1213–1276)
95–97, 99, 102–116, 252
Jazīrat Zambrah
48–50
Jeanne de Ponthieu/Joan of Ponthieu (c.1220–1279), queen consort of Castile and León
452
Jerez
77, 79–81, 88, 259
Jerome, saint
382–384
Jeronymite Order
189
Jerusalem
161, 162, 166, 173, 363, 395
jettison
32–33, 38
Jiménez de Rada, Rodrigo
73, 135, 171, 173, 175, 239–240, 242, 245, 253–258, 260, 267–268, 313, 438
Joarilla de las Matas. see Juarilla
John of Abbeville
173
John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem (r. 1210–1225)
174–175, 445
John of Rupella/La Rochelle
98
John of Salisbury
437
Jonah
33
Jordan, river
30, 38
Juan II, king of Castile (r. 1406–1454)
194, 198–199
Juan/John, prince of Asturias and Girona (1478–1497)
186
Juan, prior of San Zoilo of Carrión
439
Juan de Medina de Pomar
175
Juan de Mena
198
Juan de Soria, bishop of Osma
169, 172, 253, 268
Juana/Joanna I, queen of Castile (r. 1504–1555), queen of Aragon (r. 1516–1555)
188
Juarilla (Joarilla de las Matas)
137
Judith/Sophia of Swabia (1054–c.1105), queen consort of Hungary, and Poland
443
Julius II, pope
190
Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor
215, 320
al-Kalimāt al-muhimma fī mubāsharāt ahl al-dhimma
281
Karaites
314–315
kātib (scribe)
308
Khālid b. Muḥammad b. Naṣr al-Qaysarānī al-Shāʿir
288
kidnapping
334, 340, 344
Kitāb al-muḥallā bi-l-āṯār
245
Knights of Malta
44, 48–49
La Romia
204
La Vega
331
La Vid, monastery
446
Lampedusa
46, 48, 54–55, 57
Lara, family
360–365, 450
Las Huelgas, abbey
441–442, 445–446
Las Navas de Tolosa, battle (1212)
73, 169, 239
Lateran IV, church council. see Fourth Lateran Council
Latin, language
229, 378, 461
Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile. See Chronica latina regum Castellae
Legio (city of the Legion)
392
León
222, 314, 331, 356, 378, 383, 390–393, 395, 404, 406, 408–411, 415, 427, 441, 447, 450, 458, 477
Cathedral Palimpsest
383
kingdom of
130, 142, 357, 364, 370–371, 439, 448, 451–452
Torres of
357–359, 368
León-Castile, kingdom
72, 74, 97, 126, 306, 311–312, 352, 354, 378–379, 389–390, 408, 411, 414, 423, 425–426, 438, 450
Leonardo da Vinci
42
Leonor/Eleanor of Castile, queen consort of Aragon (r. 1329–1336)
322
Leonor Plantagenet (1160–1214)
440
Leovigild, Visigothic king (r. 569–586)
224, 228
Lex, Visigothic law
341–342
Liber Apologeticus Martyrum
389–390
Liber Iudiciorum
143
Liber Ordinum Episcopal
157
Liber Pontificale
254
Liber Sacramentorum
155–157, 160, 163, 167, 176,
Limassol
40
Limia
369–370
Limpieza de sangre
189, 191, 204
Lisbon
223
Little Ice Age
26, 41, 57
Lleida
106
Llibre dels fets of King James I of Aragon
95, 99–100, 102–117, 252
Llull, Ramon
40
local elite
138, 232, 331–332, 342, 344
Logroño
440
López, Pedro, queen Beatrice of Swabia’s steward
446
López de Carvajal, Bernardino
199–200
López de Pisuerga, Martín, archbishop of Toledo
73
Lorma
333–334, 344–345
Lucas, bishop of Tuy
135, 383, 437–438
Lucena, Battle of (1483)
202
Lucero, Diego Rodríguez de
188, 190–191
Lugo
222, 230
Louis IX, king of France (r. 1226–1270)
164, 166, 175
Luke
395
Luna
366
Machiavelli, Nicolò
190
madrasa
283
Maghrib
32, 36, 52, 275, 282, 284–287, 294, 296–298
Maimonides, Moses
40, 317
Malaga
196, 200, 248
al-Malik al-ʿĀdil Nūr al-dīn al-Shahīd. see Nūr al-dīn Maḥmūd b. Zankī
al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ
283
Malmesbury
416
Malpedaço
446
Majorca
52, 107, 108, 109, 110, 113
Mamlūks
26, 52
al-Maʾmun, amir of Toledo (r. 1043–1075)
312
mandaciones
343–346
al-Manṣūr, hajib (d. 1102)
310–311
al-Maqrīzī
289
al-Marāghī
287–289
Marcabru
73
Maria of Brabant, queen consort of France (r. 1274–1285)
436, 440
Marineo Sículo, Lucio
187
Marinids
81, 88, 321
Marquis of Priego. see Fernández de Córdoba, Pedro
Marseille
25, 220
Marshall, William, first earl of Pembroke (d. 1219)
75
Martin of Braga, archbishop
223, 227–230, 233
Martin of Tours, bishop
223–224
Martínez, Osorio
359, 364
Martínez, Rodrigo
359, 364, 367
Martínez de Oviedo, Gonzalo
322
Mary, saint. see Virgin Mary
masculinity
71, 75
Matallana, monastery
445
al-Maṭarī (al-Saʿdī al-ʿIbādī al-Maṭarī al-Madanī)
277–278, 280, 286–287, 290, 295–296, 299
Matilda of Canossa, countess
426–427
Matilda/Maud of England (c.1102–1167)
406, 416, 423
Mauricio/Maurice, bishop of Burgos
173–174, 439
Mecca
277, 288, 291, 293, 296
Medina
275–279, 283–288, 290, 293–299
Medina Sidonia, House of
204
Medinaceli
361
Mediterranean, sea
15–57, 97–98, 215–221, 224–227, 230–233
Melisende, queen of Jerusalem (r. 1131–1153)
406
Mendicant Orders
98
Menorca
106, 109
mercenaries
15
merchants
217, 221, 282, 308, 312
Meshullam of Volterra
38
Messina
52
Metamorphoses
379
Michael of Rhodes
50
Miro, king of the Suevi (r. 570–583)
228
Moclín
201
Mohammed XI of Granada. see Boadbil
Mongols
291
Montaña Leonesa. see Mountains of León
Montealegre
440, 445
Montes Torozos
451
Montilla
190
Montpellier
103–104
Morocco
318, 321
Morvedre
114
Mota del Marqués (La Mota)
449
Mountains of León
331, 333, 343, 366
Mozarabs/Mozarabic
249–251, 254, 263–266, 383
Mudéjar/Mudéjares Mudéjar revolt (1264)
77, 78, 204–20
Muḥammad (the Prophet)
251, 253–254, 268, 275–276, 278, 283, 289, 293–295, 297–298, 388
Muḥammad’s tomb
275, 279–281, 283–286, 293–294, 296, 299
Muḥammad b. Farḥūn
296
Muhammad I, king of Granada (r. 1238–1273)
77
Muhammed II, king of Granada (r. 1273–1302)
81
al-Muʿizz, imam-caliph (r. 953–975)
294
Muñoz, Flaíno, count
334
Muñoz, Pedro
334
Murcia
87, 108, 266–267, 268–269
al-Muʿtamid, amir of Seville (r. c.1069–1091)
246, 297, 313
Mutawakil ibn Hud al-Dawla
266
nagid (ruler)
308
Nájera
360
fragment
384
Naples
190, 220
nasi (political head/prince)
308, 310, 314
Naṣīḥat ūlà al-albāb fī manʿ istikhdām al-naṣārā kuttāb
289
nautical technology
16, 18–19, 26, 43–44
Navarre
363–364
kingdom of
98
neighbours
171, 185, 338
New World
186
Nicholas III, pope
320
Nicosia
40
Niẓām al-Mulk
292, 294–295
Nizārīs
291–292, 295
North Africa
216–217, 224, 233, 258, 275, 382, 396
numismatics
407–410, 414, 419
Núñez, Gómez
369–371
Núñez, Sancho
370–371
Nuño de Celanova, count
370
Nūr al-dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. ʿAfīf al-dīn ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī = al-Samhūdī
288–289
Nūr al-dīn Maḥmūd b. Zankī
275, 276–279, 283–284, 286, 288, 290, 295–296, 298–299
Nuremberg
439
al-Nuwayrī
294
Old Hispanic Rite
154, 157–159, 170, 250
Omañas
346
omines bonos (wise men)
114, 342, 345–346
Oporto
370
Orosius
226
Osma
173
Otero
137
Otto IV of Brunswick
436, 440
Ottomans
21, 36, 53
Ovario, Pedro, prior of the Hospitallers
439
Ovid
379
Oviedo
383
parias
242, 313
Palencia
450
diocese of
457–460, 462, 466, 469, 471, 473–478
university of
98, 175
Palenzuela
440
Pancorbo
440–441
Paphos
40
Paredes
448
Paris
440
University of
98, 175
Sainte Chapelle
175
Paschasius of Dumium
229–230
patronage
310, 321, 404, 445, 452
Patronila, queen of Aragon (r. 1157–1164)
114
Paul Alvarus
389–390, 396
Pedro Alfonso
366–367
Pedro Lorenzo, bishop of Cuenca
77
Peláez, Gonzalo, count
359, 365, 368
Pelayo/Pelagius, king of Asturias (r. 718–737)
195, 198
Pelayo, bishop of Oviedo (d. 1153)
389, 396
Peñafiel
440
Penàguila, castle
112
Pérez, Elvira
371
Pérez de Castro, Álvar
448
Pérez de Lara, Manrique
364
Pérez de Tarazona, Jiméno
116
Pérez de Traba, Rodrigo
369–370
Perpunchent, castle
112
Persia
291
Peter III ‘the Great’, king of Aragon (r. 1276–1285)
98, 306
Peter Lombard
169
Peter of Poitiers
380
Peter of Portugal (1187–1255), son of Sancho I of Portugal
114
Philip Augustus (r. 1180–1223)
440
Philip duke of Swabia, king of the Romans (c.1180–1208)
436, 440
Phocaea/ Phocaean wares
219–220, 225, 231
Pilella. see Campo de Pilela
pilgrimage/ pilgrims
27, 31, 38, 166, 227, 285, 293, 319, 364, 445, 450–452
piracy/pirates. see corsairs
Piri Reʾis
21, 22
Poema de Almería
378–379, 387, 390, 392–394
Poema de mio Cid (Poem of El Cid)
78–79
Polemius of Astorga, bishop
230
Portugal
87, 323, 352, 367, 369–371
pottery
215, 217
Praxedis. see Eupraxia
Primera Crónica General
74, 87, 131, 135, 140, 171
Proaza
365–366
Profuturus of Braga, bishop
227
property
32, 45–46, 51, 82, 139, 155, 204, 314, 336, 341, 343, 346, 353, 362, 373, 445, 451–452, 476
Prophet Muḥammad. see Muḥammad
the Prophet’s tomb (ḥujra, al-ḥujra al-muqaddasa). see Muhammad
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
298
providence/providentialism
201–204
Prussia
450
Psalms
163, 164, 168, 169, 385–387
Puerta de la Lealtad. see Gate of Loyalty
Puerta de la Traición. see Gate of Betrayal
Puerto de Santa María
77, 258–260
purchase. see sale
al-Qadir, king of Toledo (r. 1075–1085) and of Valencia (r. 1086–1092)
244
quarrel
336, 339
Qubāʾ
285
queenship
114–115, 425–427, 435–453
Quia maior, papal bull (1213)
163
Rāfiḍa
290
Ramiro, Leonese magnate
395
Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona (from 1131), consort and ruler of Aragon (r. 1137–1162)
114
rape. see sexual dispute/violence
rawḍa
285
Raymond of Burgundy, count of Galicia
357
Reconquista/‘Reconquest’
72, 153, 183–211
Red Sea
15, 296
renovo (loan)
337–338
Repartimiento of Seville
319
Repartimiento by James I
114
Revelation (Book of Apocalypse)
394
Reynald of Châtillon
296
Rhodes
24, 52
Ricovado
352
Risco, Manuel
380
Roa
440
Roger of Hoveden
162,
Roman law
458, 463–464, 468
Rome
163, 199, 249, 439
Rudolf of Hapsburg (r. 1273–1291)
320
rural elite
346.
see local elite
al-Saʿdī al-ʿIbādī al-Maṭarī al-Madanī = al-Maṭarī. see al-Maṭarī
sagione. See saione
Sagrajas, Battle of (1086)
248
Sahagún, monastery
136–137, 246, 249, 450–452
Sainte Chapelle. see Paris
Saint Elmo
28
Saint Isidore of León. see San Isidoro
Saint Nicholas
28
Saione/sagione
331, 340, 343–344, 346
Ṣalāḥ al-dīn = Saladin
20, 275–276, 292, 295, 297
sale
338, 341–342
Salé
74
Salimbene di Adam (of Parma)
169
al-Samhūdī
288–289
San Facundo de Arconada
464–468, 478
San Felices
337, 464, 471, 473, 478
San Isidoro, monastery/ Real Colegiata de
383–384, 404
San Juan de la Mota, castle
451
San Mamés
464–465, 478
San Martín de Frómista
464, 474, 476, 478
San Miguel, church
471, 473–474
San Millán de Cogolla, monastery
384, 446
San Pedro de Arlanza
439
San Pedro de Cardeña, monastery
155–156
San Román de Fuentes
460, 471, 478
San Servando, monastery
250
San Vito lo Capo
52
San Zoilo de Carrión, monastery
411, 439, 457–478
Sancha (c.1191– before 1243), queen of León, Alfonso IX and Teresa of Portugal’s daughter
447, 451
Sancha (c.1018–1067), infanta and queen of León, married to Fernando I
136, 137, 143, 408
Sancha Raimúndez (c.1095/1102–1159), infanta of León, sister of Alfonso VII
367
Sánchez/Sanxes, Nunó/Nuño (d. 1242), son of count Sancho of Provence
107, 110–112
Sancho I, king of Portugal (r. 1185–1211)
114
Sancho II, king of Castile (r. 1065–1072)
125, 134, 140–144, 408
Sancho IV, king of Castile (r. 1284–1295)
320
Sancho Fernández, Alfonso IX’s half-brother
451
Sancho Ramírez of Aragón (r. 1063–1094)
409
Sant Cugat, monastery
167
Santa María de Castellanos, house of the Teutonic Order
449
Santa María de Frómista, church
466, 471
Santa María de Otero de las Dueñas, monastery
331, 333, 341
Santiago de Compostela (Saint James)
72, 202, 417, 419, 445, 452
Santo Domingo de Silos, monastery
157, 160, 384
Santo Estêvão, castle
448
São Cristóvão
371
São Salvador de Montélios
224
Saragossa
247
Sardinia
22, 25
Sarroca, Jaume
106
Satan
285, 293
sceptre
416, 418, 422
seal
414 n.38, 423–425
Segovia
81, 173, 415
Selingenstadt
440
Treaty of
437
Seljuqs
292, 294–295
servants
23, 73, 159, 168, 176–177, 306, 308, 334–335, 341, 344–345, 395, 446
Seville
74, 80, 87, 153, 175–176, 203, 228, 246, 248, 312–313, 318, 321
sexual disputes/morality/violence
339–340, 346
al-Shādhilī
22
al-Shāfiʿī
294–295
Shakh Ustadh al-Magham
245
Shams al-dīn Ibn Khallikān (d. 1282)
277–278
sharīf (descendant of the Prophet)
282–283
Sharīfī emirs
277, 295–296
Shīʿī
275–277, 289–290, 293, 295–298
ships (Byzantine; Catalan; Latin Christian; North African; Ottoman; Venetian; Algerian)
17, 20, 26, 23, 31, 36, 37, 39–40, 43, 48, 50, 51
shipwreck
18, 40–57
Sicily
46, 48, 52, 54
Sidi Muḥriz
34
Siete Partidas
78, 86, 87, 319–320, 453, 465
Silos
Apocalypse
384
monastery. see Santo Domingo de Silos
Silves
82
slaves
35, 48, 51, 281
Socrates
229
Sogorb
114
solidos (silver coins)
331, 338, 341–342, 345
Sousse
20
Soverosa, castle
451
Stephen, saint
227
Stephen of Blois
78
Stephen, king of England (r. 1135–1154)
416
storm, maritime
18, 23–40
Sueves/ Suevic kingdom/monarchy
218, 222, 224–228, 231, 233
Susanna (continuation of Book of Daniel)
385
Syria
280, 286, 291
tahhara
267
Taḥqīq al-nuṣra fī faḍl Makka al-muḥarrama wa-l-Madīna al-munawwara
287
al-Ṭāʾi (r. 974–983), Abbasid caliph
278
taifa/taifas
95, 242, 244, 248, 250, 307–308, 312–313, 426
Talavera, Hernando de, archbishop of Granada
193, 199
Talmud, Babylonian
35, 38
Tangiers
82
al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra
277
Tarazona
322
Tarragona
220
tears
75, 114
Téllez de Meneses, Alfonso
459
Téllez de Meneses, Suero
459
Téllez de Meneses, Tello, bishop of Palencia
86, 445, 459, 476–477
Templars
451
tenencia
355–359, 363–364, 367, 370–372
Teresa Gil de Soverosa, favourite of Alfonso IX
451
Teresa/Theresa, countess of Portugal, stepsister of Urraca of León
352, 357, 371
Teresa/Mathilda/Mahaut of Portugal (d. 1218), known as Matilda after she married count Philip of Flanders
443
Teresa, queen consort of León (r. 1191–1195), wife of Alfonso IX
447–448, 451
Terra Sigillata Africana
219, 225
Terra Sigillata Hispánica Tardía (TSHT)
225
Testament of Solomon
28
Teutonic Knights/Order
435, 449–452
theft
46
Tiedra, castle
451–452
Tierra de Campos
451
Tintagel
221
Toledo
173, 241–242, 246–249, 252–253, 255–256, 261, 268, 297, 308, 312–313, 315–318, 363–364, 408–409, 413–414, 426, 446–447
Cathedral
240, 251, 263, 269
Church of Santa Cruz
244
Church of San Román
263–264, 266, 269
Church of San Salvador
247
Great Mosque
240–242, 245, 248, 251, 253, 258, 268–269
Mosque of Ibn al-Hadidi
262
Mosque of “Tornerías” or “Solarejo”
247
Santa María de Alficín
250, 254
Toro
449
Toroño
369, 371
Traba, family
369–370
trade/traders
43, 215–221, 225, 232
Tripoli
21, 26, 31, 51
trust
102, 104, 106, 345
Tudela
365
Tudela de Duero
446
Tudia
82
Tumbo A, cartulary of Santiago Cathedral
417, 419, 422
Tulaytula. see Toledo
Tunis
23, 27, 54
Tuy
369
Tyre
292
Úbeda
74
Uclés, Milirary Order of
83
Uelite Ariolfiz. see Vellido Dolfos
Uellite Adulfizi. see Vellido Dolfos
Uellit Uellitiz. see Vellido Dolfos
Uigario, local representative of a lord
334, 344
Uillidi Ariulfiz. see Vellido Dolfos
ʿUmar. see ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
279, 284
Umayyads
280, 282, 306, 310
University of Paris. see Paris
UPZ (Unión del Pueblo Zamorano/Zamoran People’s Union)
128
Urban II, pope
249
Urraca, queen of León and Castile (r. 1109–1126)
313, 352, 356, 358, 360, 363–364, 367–368, 371, 403–407, 409–410, 412, 414–428
Urraca Fernández (d. 1101), infanta of León and Castile
140, 142–144
Valderaduey, river
138
Valdespino
137
Valdevez
369
Valdoré
333–334, 342, 345–346
Valencia
363–364
kingdom of
97, 114, 244
taifa
95, 102
Valera, Diego de
187
Valladolid
127, 142, 322
Valle
364
Valley of Támara
361
Vélaz, Armentario
137
Vélaz, Gutier
136
Vellido Adolfez. see Vellido Dolfos
Vellido Dolfos
125–152
Venice
26
Vermúdez, Suero, count
366, 368
Vetus Latina
383
Victorial (1436)
89
Vigilius, pope
227
Vigo
215–221, 226, 232–233
Villabaruz
471, 473, 475, 478
Villada
137
Villafranca
440–441
Villalpando
139
Villalumbroso
471–474, 476–477
Villamez
464, 471, 476–478
Villasirga
469, 471, 478
Villela. see Campo de Pilela
Vincent de Beauvais
437
Viñayo
331, 333–334, 340, 343
Violant/Violante of Hungary (d. 1251), queen consort of Aragon
112, 114–115
Violante (Yolant) of Aragon (d. 1301), queen consort of Castile and León
80, 97, 115
Virgin Mary
28, 39, 45, 55, 72, 76, 80–88, 251, 259–260
Visigothic
Miniscule
383
Monarchy/kingdom/Hispania
186–187, 193, 196, 198, 224, 233, 248, 250–251, 409, 421
Vita Argenteae
390, 396
Vita Karoli Magni
378
vitalicio
114
Vitoria
441
Vulfura
390
Wafāʾ al-wafā bi-akhbār dār al-Muṣṭafā
288
Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān
277
waqf
250
wazīr (government minister)
308–309
William II, king of Sicily (r. 1166–1189)
52
wise men. see omines bonos
Worms
438
Xàtiva
108, 115
al-Yāfiʿī
289
al-Yasaʿ b. Ḥazm
297
Yaʿqūb b. Abī Bakr
277–278, 280
Yolant/Violante of Aragon, queen consort of Castile. see Violante of Aragon
Yuçaf de Écija
305, 321, 323
Yusuf ibn Tashfin, Almoravid ruler
248
Zaén. see Zayd Abū Zayd
Zakynthos, island
32
Zalaca, Battle of (1086)
249
Zamora
125, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 138, 139, 141, 143, 144, 146, 356, 370, 450
Zangid
295
Zaragoza. see Saragossa
Zayd Abū Zayd/Zaén, Almohad ruler of Valencia (c. 1195–before 1268)
102, 104, 105
Zayn al-dīn al-Marāghī
289
Zirids
308
ziyārat al-nabī
284