Abbreviations
Abbreviations Used in Glossing
| 1 | first person |
| 2 | second person |
| 3 | third person |
| ABL | ablative |
| ACC | accusative |
| ACS | anticausative |
| ADD | additive |
| ADJT | adjunctivizer |
| ADR | adressative |
| ADU | adumbrative |
| AGT | agentive |
| ALL | allative |
| ANT | antecedent |
| ASC | ascertainment |
| ASM | assumptive |
| ASR | assertive |
| ATC | anticipatory |
| ATR | attributive |
| BEN | benefactive |
| CAUS | causative |
| CLF | classifier |
| CMP | complementizer |
| CNC | concessive |
| CNCL | conclusive |
| CND | conditional |
| COL | collective |
| COM | comitative |
| COP | copula |
| CSL | causal |
| CVB | converb |
| DAT | dative |
| DCL | declaratory |
| DCOP | dynamic copula |
| DES | desiderative |
| DIM | diminutive |
| DIS | distal |
| DST | distributive |
| DUB | dubitative |
| ENG | engaging |
| ESV | essive |
| EVT | eventual |
| EXCL | exclamatory |
| EXL | example |
| EXPL | explanatory |
| GEN | genitive |
| GER | gerund |
| FCOP | focus copula |
| FOC | focus |
| HON | honorific |
| HPT | hypothetical |
| HRS | hearsay |
| ICH | inchoative |
| IMP | imperative |
| INFR | inferential |
| INS | insistence |
| INST | instrumental |
| INT | intentional |
| ITM | interactional marker |
| IVL | involuntary |
| LIM | limitative |
| LV | light verb |
| MDF | modifier |
| MES | mesial |
| NCNC | negative conclusive |
| NCVB | negative converb |
| NEG | negative |
| NINT | negative intentional |
| NMN | nominalizer |
| NOM | nominative |
| NPST | non-past |
| OPN | opinionated |
| OPT | optative |
| PERF | perfect |
| PERS | persuasion |
| PL | plural |
| POT | potential |
| PRM | prominence |
| PROG | progressive |
| PRX | proximal |
| PST | past |
| PSV | passive |
| PURP | purposive |
| QUOT | quotative |
| RDP | reduplication |
| RFX | reflexive pronoun |
| RLS | realis |
| RSB | resemblance |
| RSL | resultative |
| RSN | resolutional |
| SEQ | sequential |
| SG | singular |
| SIM | simulative |
| SPEC | speculative |
| SUM | summational |
| TGT | target |
| TLC | telic |
| TOP | topic |
| VOL | volitional |
| VRB | verbalizer |
| UNB | unbound |
| UNC | uncertainty |
| WHFOC | wh-question focus |
| WHITR | wh-interrogative |
| YNITR | yes-no interrogative |
Other Abbreviations
| A | agent |
| EOJ | Eastern Old Japanese |
| NP | noun phrase |
| P | patient |
| PC | property concept |
| PJ | Proto-Japonic |
| PM | Proto-Miyako |
| PR | Proto-Ryukyuan |
| PS | Proto-Sakishima |
| PY | Proto-Yaeyama |
| S | subject |
| VP | verb phrase |
| WOJ | Western Old Japanese |