Cover illustration: Qasr Ibn Wardan, photograph courtesy by Jim Gordon in 2006, and was uploaded to Commons using Flickr in 2008 by Bassem Jarkas.
ØµÙØ±Ø© Ø§ÙØºÙاÙ: ÙØµØ± Ø§Ø¨Ù ÙØ±Ø¯Ø§ÙØ ÙÙØ¹Ø²Ù اÙÙØ¶Ù ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ÙØµÙرة ÙÙØ³Ùد جÙÙ ØºÙØ±Ø¯Ù Ù٠عا٠2006â«.â¬
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: âBrillâ. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface.
ISBN 978-90-04-67784-5 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-67785-2 (e-book)
Copyright 2023 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau, V&R unipress and Wageningen Academic.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Requests for re-use and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill NV via brill.com or copyright.com.
This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.