5. Humour and Propaganda under the Second Empire
In: French HumourSearch for other papers by Keith Cameron in
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French humour can be seen as particularly favourable to satire and caricature, and this in periods as far apart as the Religious Wars and the reign of Napoleon III. These humorous modes intend to amuse an audience while discrediting a target, and, as unashamedly partisan, they are applied vigorously to the illicit and semi-licit campaigns of opposition during the Second Empire, often employing and exploiting scurrilous and unfounded accusations in their attacks on the Emperor and several members of his family. Such satiric techniques can be traced back at least to the Roman period, and they are theorised in treatises of classical rhetoric. What they create is a humour which stimulates political awareness via a campaign of systematic and witty defamation and deformation. In the process humour is overtaken by ridicule, and ridicule by unremitting hostility, the skilled caricaturist and satirist having a potential influence on opinion which is quite as dangerous as it has been felt to be by the authorities who have so often persecuted and condemned them.