General Index
Abbas, Jacob
177n4
Abbas, Samuel
177n4
Agora, family name
74
Al-Ashkar, Moses
71, 76–77, 129, 195n1
Al-Khandak see Candia
Alkostandin, family name
74
Algazi, family name
75
Algazi, Samuel
65, 75n2, 196n4
Alharizi, Judah
45
Ancona
24
Ankori, Zvi
3, 90, 94, 98n3
anusim
77, 196–200
Arabic language
12, 45, 75n1, 196n4
Aramaic language
32, 35–36, 44
Artom, Elias
8n1, 23–24, 39n4, 108n2, 129n7, 136n2, 184n3, 198n1
Ashkenazi, Eliezer Katz
72n5
Ashkenazi, family name
74–75
Ashkenazi Jews
7, 19, 29, 45, 57, 59–60, 65, 70, 80, 95, 105, 199
Ashkenazi, Malkiel ben Meir
72n5, 138n4
Ashkenazi, Meir
72n5, 138
Astruc, Eliezer ben Solomon
72n3
Astruc, family name
72, 74
Ateleone/Ateleoni, Isaac
78, 176n1
Austria
126n1
Azulai, Hayyim
65n2
Balbo, family
72–73
Balbo, Michael
17
Bartal, Israel
19
Baruch ben Isaac
45, 65–66, 93, 94n1, 208
Beirab, Isaac
77
Beirab, Jacob
77
Benayahu, Meir
16, 23
Berkovitz, Jay
19
Bonfil, Robert/Re’uven
80
bread
38, 54, 130–131, 202
Byzantine Empire
9, 14–16, 90
Cairo
76
Cairo Genizah
31n2, 34, 77
Candia, city of
2, 9–10, 12, 14n5, 28, 65, 74n6, 75, 81, 89–100, 111, 164, 169
Jewish community
1–3, 5–8, 12–15, 17n3, 23–24, 27–28, 30, 33–34, 37, 39–40, 42, 44, 47, 50–53, 55, 58, 60–63, 65, 69–71, 73–82, 87, 89–100, 103–109, 113, 115–120, 122, 124–135, 137n1–2, 138–140, 142–147, 149, 151, 153–154, 157–158, 160–162, 164–165, 168–169, 171–172, 173n5, 176, 179–180, 182–186, 188–195, 197–211
Ashkenazi Jews in
12
communal scribe
23, 47, 78, 136–137, 175–176, 196n4
constable
13, 27, 39–40, 43, 50, 63–64, 67–71, 72nn1–2, 73, 74n2, n4, 83, 86–87, 94–95, 96n3, 108n2, 111, 113, 118, 120–121, 122n3, 123, 127, 133n4, 137n2, 138, 150n3, 151n7, 157, 158n2, 159n2, 160–164, 167–168, 172–175, 177–182, 191–195, 196nn3–4, 208
excommunication from
109, 110n3, 116, 120, 122, 127, 132, 139, 143, 146–147, 152, 156, 161–164, 166, 170, 172, 195, 197, 199–200
Jewish district
12, 89–100, 156n3
Jewish landlords and tenants
2, 105, 145–146, 163
Jewish immigration into
3, 7, 12, 32, 38n2, 40, 74–75, 90, 92, 93n2, 106, 122, 135, 150, 153–156, 189, 190–192, 194–200, 205, 209
leadership
26–27, 31–33, 45n3, 63, 70, 71n4, 72, 74, 76, 80, 99, 103–104, 108, 112n1, 120, 147–148, 153, 191, 194–196, 198–200, 208–211
urban development
90
Candia, island of see Crete
Candia, Kingdom of
10, 39n4
Duke of Candia
10, 39, 41, 173
military governor
11, 39, 43n1, 201–202, 205 see also Crete, under Venetian rule
Canea
11–12, 46n1, 99n2, 129, 205
Cantor (Jewish liturgical function)
27, 53, 111, 113–114, 121, 123–124, 133–134, 148n, 151, 160, 187–189
Capsali, David b. Elijah (of Candia)
69, 128n5, 133n4
Capsali, David (of Retinno)
69n2, 133n4
Capsali, Eliezer
69
Capsali, Elijah (the Elder)
68–69, 133n4, 137n2, 138, 185, 193n2
Capsali, Elijah (the Younger, ca. 1485–1550)
14–15, 17, 47n2, 65n3, 68, 71, 72n1, 94, 116, 148, 160, 175, 193n2, 195n7
as a communal leader
28, 35n1, 61, 63–65, 69, 76–78, 80, 83–86, 96n3, 97n4, 103, 113, 116, 118, 121, 127n2, 128–131, 137, 150, 157, 159n1–2, 168–169, 177, 180, 195, 201–205
as a halakhist
82
as a historian
16–17, 80–81, 203, 209
Divrey ha-yamim le-malkhey Wenetziyah
16, 81
Seder Eliyahu zuta
16–17, 81, 195n7
as a poet
48–51, 81–82
as author and editor of Takkanot Kandiyah
1, 5, 7, 16–17, 25–28, 30, 33, 35, 36n1–2, 39n3, 40, 43–46, 48–51, 53–54, 61–63, 67, 74, 76n1–2, 77, 79–87, 91, 93–95, 97, 103, 108n2, 116–118, 123–124, 128–131, 136–139, 147, 148n1, 150, 157, 159n1, 162, 168–169, 174, 178, 181, 185–186, 188–189, 191, 200–205, 207–208
Capsali, Elkana (the Elder)
69, 87, 128n3, 177, 193n2
Capsali, Elkana (the Younger)
69
Capsali, family
13–14, 62, 67–69, 71, 74
Capsali, Isaac
69, 139
Capsali, Jeremiah
68, 71, 177–179, 193–194
Capsali, Moses
14, 33n3, 68–69, 76, 80, 93n2, 99, 129, 146–147, 184–186, 188, 193n2, 194n2
Cassani, family name
72
Cassani, Malkiel
72n2
Cassani, Samuel
73
Cassuto, Umberto
8n1, 23–24, 39n4, 108n2, 129n7, 136n2, 184n3, 198n1
Castel Bonifacio
12, 184
Castelnuovo
12, 27, 132–133, 137, 184n3
Catholic church
9, 11, 92n4, 111, 197
cemeteries
98, 154, 158–160, 181n4, 182n1
charity
181–182
chronogram
29–30, 50n2, 72, 108n2, 113, 127n4, 164n1
circumcision
147, 150–152, 207
Cohen Ashkenazi, family
72
Cohen Ashkenazi, Judah
48
Cohen Ashkenazi, Moses
17, 73
Cohen Ashkenazi, Samuel
95, 159n2, 164
Cohen, Isaac
47n2, 78, 176n1
Cohen Sepharadi, David
108n2
Constantinople
9, 14–15, 46, 68–69, 74, 75n1, 76–77, 93n2, 129, 146, 184, 186, 188, 193n2, 194n2
contestabile see Jewish community of Candia, constable
conversos see anusim
Corazzol, Giacomo
209
Corfu, Jewish community of
60, 185
Crete
1–2, 9, 11n4, 54, 74–75, 96, 99, 146, 195n10
autonomous state (1898–1913)
11
Jewish population
4, 8n1, 11–17, 32, 38, 40n1, 45, 55, 65–66, 70, 73, 89, 91n3, 132–133, 147n1, 154, 191n6, 195n7, 205, 209–210
under Arab rule
9, 90
under Byzantine rule
9, 90
under Ottoman rule
11, 94–95, 205
under Venetian rule
1–2, 9–17, 31–32, 39, 41–42, 79, 85n2, 114, 115n1, 116, 118–119, 166n5, 169–170, 174, 182, 184, 187n4, 188, 191–192, 201, 203n5, 205
see also Kingdom of Candia
Culi, David (fl. 1500s)
74n4
Culi, David (fl. 1540s–1570s)
160, 195, 196nn3–4
Culi, family
72, 74
Culi, Jacob
43, 74n4
Cyprus
10
dairy products
97n4, 105, 131, 133, 137–139
butter
68, 137n2
cheese
68, 125–126, 130–132, 137–138
Dalāl, Elijah ben Astruc
72n3
Damo, Moses
77
Danon, Abraham
24
David ben Abi Zimra
76, 78, 195n1
David ben Judah
174n1
David, King of Israel
73, 204
del Medigo, Abba (fl. 1400)
95
del Medigo, Abba (fl. 1530)
95
del Medigo, Abba (the Younger, fl. 1580)
71
del Medigo, Eliezer
196n4
del Medigo, Elijah (fl. 1440)
176, 193n4
del Medigo, Elijah (ca. 1458–1493)
13, 70
del Medigo, Elkana
70n5
del Medigo, Ephraim
162
del Medigo, family
13, 62, 63n2, 68, 70–71
del Medigo, Joseph Solomon
13, 70
del Medigo, Judah
71, 77n1, n3, 129
del Medigo, Menachem
64
del Medigo, Moses
95
del Medigo, Shemaryah
36n1, 48, 70–71, 177–179
divorce
56–57, 153n4, 184–185, 193
domestic servants
38, 166–167
Christian servants in Jewish houses
168–169
Dominican order
92
Duran, Tzemach
19n1
Egypt
15, 76–78, 82, 129, 195, 198n1
El Greco see Domenikos Theotokopoulos
Eliezer ben Gershon
75, 176, 177n1, 193n4
Elon, Menachem
18, 55, 57–58, 208
Enlightenment
18, 59
eruv
52–53, 93n2, 107n2
Euboea
10, 14, 75
Finkelstein, Louis
19, 24, 45–46, 59–60, 65–66
Foscarini, Giacomo
11n1
Fourth Crusade
9, 15–16
Franks (Latin Christians)
34n1
funerals
1, 97–98, 145, 154–162
Gans, David
81n1
Gaza
75
Georgopoulou, Maria
90
Germany
18, 60, 120n2
Gershom ben Judah
57, 199
Gotzmann, Andreas
18
Greece, Kingdom of
11
Greek language
3–4, 9n2, 12, 13n2, 31nn1–2, 32–34, 37–38, 40, 42n1, 43, 74, 90, 96, 99, 193n1
Gregorian calender
25n4
Güdemann, Moritz
24–25, 171n1
Ha-Kohen, Joseph
81n1, n4
Ha-Levi, Samuel
76
Halperin, Israel
19
Hania see Canea
Haskalah
18
Hebrew language
4, 6, 13n2, 17n4, 23, 26, 31–37, 38nn1–2, n4, 39–47, 49, 51, 53–54, 68, 73, 74n2, n4, 87, 91, 93, 99n5, 112n3, 118n3, 119n1, 150, 171, 173, 178, 180, 182, 184n3, 187, 191
Hen, Emmanuel
64, 73n2
Hen/Graziani, family
64, 73, 123–124
Hen, Judah
73, 123
Herakleion see Candia
honey
126, 128–130, 195n1
Ionian islands
10
Ikriti, family name
74
Ikriti (Hebrew name of Crete) see Crete
Ikriti, Shemaryah ben Shaliah
25
Iraklio see Candia
Israel, land of
15, 19, 65, 75–78, 198n1
Israel, state of
National Library
23
“Italian hours”
114
Jacoby, David
15, 125
Jerusalem
23, 54, 85
Jewish Enlightenemnt see haskalh
Jewish Theological Seminary of America
23
Joseph bar Moses
125n4
Judah ben Moses
75n3
Judeo-Arabic language
31n1, 32
Judeo-German language
32
Judeo-Spanish language
31n1, 32, 40, 91n3
Julian calendar
25n4, 28n2, 29, 47n2
kahal see City of Candia, Jewish district
Kalomiti, Menachem
132
Kandiyeh see Candia
Kandiyoti, family name
74
Karo, Joseph
78, 199
Katz, Jacob
18, 19
Kaufmann, David
25
Kavali, Menachem
77
Khandax see Candia
kondostavulo see Jewish community of Candia, constable
kreatopita see tourtes
Kurkus, Judah
195
Lago, Elijah
99
Lago, Matityahu
99n2
Latin language
9, 34n1, 38n1, 41, 42, 91, 92n4
Lattes, Mosè
16, 71
Lauer, Rena
8n1, 16, 33n1, 135, 156n1, 184n1, 194, 209
Lepanto, battle of
1
Lingua franca
34n1
“local Purim”
24, 203n4, 204
marriage
17, 56–57, 63n2, 64, 71, 99n2, 122, 124, 148–154, 185, 192nn4–5, 193–194, 196n3
mamzer (halakhic category)
120
Maurogonato, David
14, 74
Maurogonato, family name
74
Maurogonato, Michael
74n2
meat
butchers
27, 111n2, 125, 132–136
ritual purity
97n4, 105, 125, 130–138
slaughter
27n3, 125, 134, 136, 176
trade in
27n3, 111n2, 125, 132, 134–136, 140, 177, 205n2
meshumadim see anusim
metempsychosis
17, 73
mikveh
2, 51n4, 89, 97, 119–125, 135n1, 148n
milk
68, 137–138
Mishnah
35–37, 56, 177
Moravia
7n1, 8n2, 32, 60n4
Morell, Samuel
55
Morocco
8n2, 32
MS Sassoon
23–25
Nachalon, Aharon
55
Negroponte, city of
14, 70
Negroponte, island of see Euboea
New Christians see anusim
Nomiko, Elijah
72n2
Nomiko, family name
71, 74
Nomiko, Jeremiah ben Elijah
72n2
Orthodox church
11, 16n4, 164, 187n4
Ottoman Empire
16–17, 75n1, 81
conquest of Constantinople
14
dominions in Eastern Mediterranean
11, 82
rivalry with Venice
1, 11, 90
conquest of Crete (1645–1669)
1, 11, 90, 94–95, 97n4
Third Veneto-Ottoman War (1537–1540)
30n1, 50, 85n2, 118, 180, 201
Palestine see Land of Israel
pamalyah see Domestic servants
Passover
151
Paudice, Aleida
17, 90, 92, 209
Peloponnese
10
pinkassim
19
plague
Black Death of 1347
3n3
epidemy of 1523
81–82
Portugal
12, 197
Proto, family name
74
provveditore see Kingdom of Candia, military governor
Purim
116–118
rabbinic epistle/letter see responsa
rabbis
12, 17, 19, 27, 33, 45–46, 52, 55–58, 60–61, 65–67, 70–71, 73, 74n7, 75–78, 80, 82, 112n1, 122–124, 128–129, 132, 136–138, 140, 153, 159, 160n4, 161, 163–164, 169, 181n2, 182, 194n2, 195–198
Rashi
19n1
responsa
1, 26–27, 33, 45, 62, 71, 73, 75–78, 82, 84, 93n2, 99n1, n5, 107, 128–130, 146–147, 184–186, 188–189, 195, 197–199, 205
retor see Jewish community of Candia, constable
Rethymnon see Rettino
Rettino
11–12, 27, 69n2, 70, 75n3, 133–134
Revolt of St Titus
3n3, 10, 192
Rhineland
60, 65n5
rhymed prose
36n2, 45–48, 51, 82, 85, 165
ritual bath see mikveh
ritual purity
6, 51n4, 54, 58, 68, 76n1, 77, 97, 104, 107n1, 108, 119–141
Romance languages
34n1, 37, 40n1, 70
Roman Empire
9n2, 11n4, 37, 38n1
Romaniot Jews
12–13, 16, 59, 70, 95–96, 193n1 and passim (without explicit name reference)
Rosenberg, H.
24–25, 65
Safed
77–78, 199
Saloniko, family name
74
Sambari, Joseph
81n4
Sassoon, David Salomon
23
Schiavi, Luigi Arnaldo
15
Second World War
2, 23, 90, 95
Sepharadi, family name
74–75
Sephardic Jews
12, 32, 40, 45, 57n1, 59, 73–74, 76–77, 81n1, 92, 93n2, 96n3, 153, 176, 193–194, 195n7, 196–199
see also anusim
Seville
96n3
Shabbat, observance of
3, 28n1, 52, 58, 61n2, 92, 107n2, 108–116, 121, 127n3, 130–131, 135–136, 138, 207
Shalom the Sicilian
143n, 181n2, 190–193, 195
Shealtiel, house of see Hen/Graziani
she’atnez
107n2, 140
she’elot u-teshuvot see responsa
Shemaryah ben Elijah
25
Shmuelevitz, Arieh
16
Simonsohn, Shlomo
16
Spain
12, 60, 76, 197
Spanyolo, Matityahu
78, 136, 176, 196n4
Starr, Joshua
3, 89, 210
stato da mar see Republic of Venice, dominions in Eastern Mediterranean
Stavroulakis, Nikos
73
Steinschneider, Moritz
3
St Peter’s convent, Candia
92, 110, 112
Sukkoth
151
syag la-Torah see Torah, fence around
synagogue
2, 12, 29, 33, 43, 45n1, 46, 53n1, 84n1, 85n3, 86, 89, 91nn3–4, 93–98, 109, 113, 117, 122n3, 134n1, 136n2, 137n2, 143, 147, 150n1, 151–152, 159n1, 163–164, 173–175, 181–182, 187, 192, 207
Ashkenazi synagogue, Candia
95
Cretan synagogue, Candia (Kritiko)
96
Great synagogue/Prophet Elijah’s synagogue, Candia
89, 93–96, 124
High synagogue, Candia
95
Istrobouleitiko synagogue, Candia
96
Lower synagogue, Candia
95
Old synagogue, Candia
91n3
Priests’ synagogue, Candia
95, 117–118
Sevillian synagogue, Candia (Seviliatiko)
96
Upper synagogue, Candia
95
takkanah (halakhic method)
56–57, 59–60
takkanot ha-kahal
4–5, 8n2, 18–19, 27, 29, 31–32, 34, 41–42, 44, 49n4, 51–52, 54–62, 67, 103, 105, 116, 124, 133, 137, 140–141, 143, 149, 152, 154, 158n2, 166, 178, 187, 207–208, 210
Takkanot Medinat Mehrin
60n4
Takkanot Shu”m
60
Talmud
34, 36, 51n4, 56, 81n3, 111n3, 112n1, 120n3, 126, 166
Tamar, Mattitya
46
Tam ben David
77
Tam ibn Yahya
46
Tedeschi, J.R.
24, 171n1
Teller, Adam
19
terraferma see Republic of Venice, territories in Northern Italy
Theotokopoulos, Domenikos
11n2
Tisha b’Av
85, 88n, 117
Tofer, Abraham
153, 176–177, 192–194
tourtes
38, 130
Torah
29, 34, 49–50, 53n1, 56–58, 61, 83, 94, 103, 114, 122, 124, 132n1, 149, 161n4, 172–173, 183n2, 189–190, 194n3, 196
“bridegroom of”
53, 94n6, 95, 148n
“fence around”
61, 103, 110n1, 149, 152, 184
Turkel, Eli
55
Tzedaka (Jewish leader of Candia)
66–67
Venetian dialect
4, 13, 34–35, 37–39, 41–43, 90–91
Venice, city of
12n6, 80
State Archive
8, 17
Venice, Republic of
9n1, 11, 39, 74, 81, 91, 142, 168, 201
aristocracy
10
Doge
10n4
dominions in Eastern Mediterranean
1–2, 5, 9–10, 12, 15–16, 39, 60n1, 75, 90, 125, 209
Catholic church
111
Greek population
3, 143
Italian-speaking settlers
3, 39, 143, 166n5
economy
14–15
government
6, 11, 39n4, 69, 83, 104
archival records
15
legal supervision over Cretan Jews
26–28, 34, 41–42, 71, 74n2, 74n4, 82–83, 103, 116n2, 118, 114, 164–165, 167, 171, 175n2, 178–182, 194, 201, 206
kapitoli
34, 41, 42n1, 69, 82, 164, 175n2, 178–182
Grand Council
10
territories in Northern Italy
80
wedding see marriage
wine
14, 76n1, 77, 107, 119, 125–130, 138, 165n1, 195n1, 207
Weinberger, Leon
17
Yashar of Candia see Joseph Solomon del Medigo
Yitzhaki, Solomon see Rashi
Zudecha see City of Candia, Jewish district