Index
abugida
353
Açaí Project
120–141
acquisition
55, 62, 67–69, 71–72, 73, 75, 87, 91, 92, 173, 203–205, 209, 218, 228–229, 231, 255, 261, 265, 267, 272, 276, 294
activism
149n, 150, 154, 155, 278. See also activist
activist
74, 88, 91, 93, 94, 99, 104, 145–146, 148, 153, 154–155, 156, 161–163, 168, 172, 184, 254–256, 264, 332, 334, 347. See also activism
adornments
194, 197, 198
advocacy
16, 105, 175, 176, 333, 343
alphasyllabary
353
Australia
13, 15, 16, 17n, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 33, 35, 37, 116–117, 235, 266n. See also Australian Indigenous languages
Australian Indigenous languages
16, 18, 27, 32, 33–34, 35, 37, 38, 43, 109–110, 229–230, 234–238
authenticity
15, 168, 171, 174, 203, 205, 207, 240, 244, 266n, 267, 269, 271, 276, 362
autonomy
141, 171, 270, 272–274, 276
Ayapaneco
289–307
bilingual(ism)
36, 39, 66, 67n, 110, 117, 138, 145, 149, 151–161, 169, 191, 205, 207, 209–210, 215, 217–219, 232, 291, 294, 336–337, 342, 347
Blablanga See Blanga
Blanga
310–324
body painting
194, 197–198
bottom-up approach
358
Brazil
119–141, 190–199
collaboration
17–19, 24, 26–27, 32, 34, 36, 38, 43, 59, 62, 99, 171, 191, 193–195, 200, 260, 276, 298–299
competence
communicative
231
intercultural
265, 267, 268, 271, 275
language/linguistic
167, 170, 178–179, 184, 270
spoken
255
strategic
272
content-based instruction
232, 243, 274
course design
265, 277–278
Covid-19
22, 40, 67, 72, 73–77, 79, 88, 148, 153, 168, 204, 208, 319, 324, 365
cultural awareness
40, 42, 140, 344
Dardic
100, 101, 102, 109, 112, 113, 115, 116, 328, 329
diacritics
303, 318, 321, 322, 324
dialogue(s)
128–130, 199, 210, 211, 217, 238, 257, 258
digraph(s)
251, 318, 321–322, 324
diversity
49, 52, 75, 105, 108, 110, 113, 120–122, 125, 135, 136, 140, 149, 214–215, 219, 251, 322, 347, 358
documentation
32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 59, 131, 139, 150, 153, 168, 170, 173, 181, 191, 198, 235, 236, 238–239, 249, 264, 277, 298, 299, 310, 318, 353–357, 362, 366
domain(s)
38, 54, 70, 71, 205, 213, 217–219, 291, 293, 299, 301, 307, 324, 329, 347, 353, 366
drama(tization)
125–126, 240–241
drawings
59, 153, 158, 176, 180, 194, 195, 197, 320
education
English medium
87, 90, 104, 113
Indigenous
121, 139, 141
minority language
85, 93–94, 149, 263–280, 337, 345–347
mother tongue
106, 107, 109–110, 112–117, 120, 122, 124–141, 228, 231, 234, 336–337, 342, 344–347, 350, 351
multilingual
98, 104, 108, 109, 122, 333, 335, 337, 344, 347, 350, 351
policies
99, 105, 110, 139, 217, 350
Elder(s)
14–15, 17, 19, 20, 27, 36, 54–62, 136, 177, 192, 193, 196, 197, 204, 234–237, 243, 317, 319, 354–366
empowerment
98, 133, 135, 137, 140–141, 169, 172, 184, 266, 272, 335
Euromaidan
125, 168, 207, 209, 214, 269, 310
extralinguistic
7, 171, 190, 197, 200
foreign language(s)
62, 91, 110, 113, 207, 208, 228–231, 240, 261, 263, 268, 270, 336, 337
Gaelic
85–95
generational differences
204, 251, 253, 261, 275, 311, 315–316, 320–321, 323–324, 347
grammar
39, 41, 58, 62, 91–92, 130, 155, 170, 194, 199, 208, 213, 215, 230n, 231, 232–233, 237, 256
heritage
intangible
248
language
37, 67, 67n, 68, 131, 136, 139, 173, 179, 204, 227n, 229, 230, 239, 294–295, 337
speakers
289, 294, 300, 301, 307
homogeneity
168, 203, 205, 214, 219
iconicity
218
identity
Ayapaneco
296
Gaelic
87, 90–92, 95
Gorontalo
150
Indigenous
26, 125
Itelmen
54
Kaurna
28
language and
136, 204, 207, 212, 219, 234, 235, 243, 255, 296, 330
minority
265, 267, 275, 346
Livonian
66, 69
Tehuelche
173, 177, 179
Tobati
261
Torwali
102, 328, 332, 333–335, 342–343, 346–347
Ukrainian
209, 212, 217
Yolŋu
36
ideology
90–92, 149, 170, 173, 204–207, 214–215, 217, 219
immersion
87–88, 92–94, 210, 232, 234–235, 273, 336
language
acquisition
55, 62, 67–69, 71–72, 73, 75, 87, 91, 92, 173, 203–205, 209, 218, 228–229, 231, 255, 261, 265, 267, 272, 276, 294
activism
149n, 150, 154, 155, 278. See also activist
advocacy
16, 105, 175, 176, 333, 343
domains
38, 54, 70, 71, 205, 213, 217–219, 291, 293, 299, 301, 307, 324, 329, 347, 353, 366
empowerment
98, 133, 135, 137, 140–141, 169, 172, 184, 266, 272, 335
first
15, 18, 108, 110, 114–116, 209, 210, 218, 228, 230–232, 234, 236, 273, 291, 294, 300, 317
foreign
62, 91, 110, 113, 207, 208, 228–231, 240, 261, 263, 268, 270, 336, 337
heritage
37, 67, 67n, 68, 131, 136, 139, 173, 179, 204, 227n, 229, 230, 239, 294–295, 337
ideology
90–92, 149, 170, 173, 204–207, 214–215, 217, 219
less commonly taught
229
minoritised
156, 205, 220, 263, 311
networks
86, 94, 243
preservation
55, 58, 61–63, 73, 76, 78–79, 123, 243, 249, 258, 260, 321
reclamation
16, 167, 169, 173, 266n, 295–296, 307, 336
revitalisation
37, 71, 93, 126, 139, 140, 145, 150, 156, 167–168, 170, 185, 203–207, 253, 236, 239, 249, 251, 254–255, 289, 295–296, 329–332, 336, 343
second
42, 99, 145, 205, 210, 217, 221, 229, 231–232, 255, 289, 291, 295–296, 300, 301, 313, 336, 337
variation
55, 58, 61–62, 204, 214, 215, 233, 277, 279, 297–298, 301, 305–306, 310–311, 315–316, 323–324, 366
last speaker(s)
13, 59, 167, 181, 184
linguistic See language
literacy
low
103, 106–107
media
263, 266–267, 270–272, 274–275
mother-tongue
336, 338
multilingual
366
programmes
39, 42, 329, 347
skills
40, 109, 267, 277, 314, 324
Livonian
66–80
Mangyan
351–367
media
literacy
263, 266–267, 270–272, 274–275
social
25, 28, 36, 39, 109, 263, 272, 274, 275, 279, 301, 307, 335, 343–344
Mexico
289–290
metalinguistic community
174, 181
migration
103, 228–229, 275, 313, 314, 328
Mindoro
350, 365
mother tongue
education
106, 107, 109–110, 112–117, 120, 122, 124–141, 228, 231, 234, 336–337, 342, 344–347, 350, 351
literacy
336, 338
multi-ethnic
91, 200
multilingual
dictionary
146, 151
education
98, 104, 108, 109, 122, 333, 335, 337, 344, 347, 350, 351
literacy
366
parents
338
signs
113
speakers
149, 313
teacher
337
naturalistic learning
228
negotiation
35, 124, 190, 200, 242
networks
language
86, 94
social
275
new speaker(s)
179, 289–307
online
course
34, 38, 41, 42, 73, 208, 213, 215, 218
resources
25, 26, 36, 58, 71, 75–76, 101, 148, 161–163, 203–220, 263–280, 332
orality
137, 233, 245, 310
orthographic
representations
299, 301–302
rules
360–361
standard
318, 322–342, 358–360
variation
310–324
orthography
350–366, 310–324. See also orthographic
Pakistan
98–116, 327–347
Patagonia
174
performance(s)
24, 54, 70, 71, 95, 167, 170, 184, 217, 235, 240–244, 254–259, 266, 270–271, 274
Philippines
350–366
polynomie
311
preservation
55, 58, 61–63, 73, 76, 78–79, 123, 243, 249, 258, 260, 321
primer
192, 196, 319–320, 323, 332, 333, 338–342, 357–360, 362–365
purism
203–205, 206, 209, 214, 219, 239
reclamation
16, 167, 169, 173, 266n, 295–296, 307, 336
resources
digital See online
online
25, 26, 36, 58, 71, 75–76, 101, 148, 161–163, 203–220, 263–280, 332
respect
15, 41, 135, 171, 174, 181, 190, 197, 198, 200
revitalisation
37, 71, 93, 126, 139, 140, 145, 150, 156, 167–168, 170, 185, 203–207, 253, 236, 239, 249, 251, 254–255, 289, 295–296, 329–332, 336, 343
Russian
50–63, 203–220
Scottish Gaelic See Gaelic
script
101, 293, 302, 318, 330, 345, 350, 351–366. See also orthography
social movement
90–91, 93, 94
Solomon Islands
310, 312, 314
speakers
last
13, 59, 167, 181, 184
new
179, 289–307
standardisation
70, 72, 170, 206, 277, 306, 311, 324, 359
standard language See standardisation
storyteller(s)
125, 126, 161
storytelling
161
suržyk
207, 214–215, 219
sustainability
28, 52, 54, 63, 71, 149, 334, 366
syllabus
99, 105, 122, 231, 263–280
Taiwan
230, 240
teaching aids
115
Tehuelche
167–185
Torwali
98–117, 327–347
translanguaging
156, 157, 219, 236, 239, 245
trust
154, 190, 195, 200, 298
Tupian
122n, 125, 136, 140, 190, 193
Ukrainian
203–220
variant See variation
variation
language
55, 58, 61–62, 204, 214, 215, 233, 277, 279, 297–298, 301, 305–306, 310–311, 315–316, 323–324, 366
orthographic
354, 356–359, 362
vocabulary
13, 22, 39, 40, 41, 63, 78, 89, 91, 92, 124, 126, 131, 135–137, 151, 177, 191, 198, 208, 210, 213, 215, 216, 231–232, 241, 257, 313
vowel
18, 195, 297, 304–305, 329, 330, 352–353, 356–358, 361
Wajuru See Wayoro
Wayoro
190–200
Whorfianism
174
Zazao
313