Index
Ê¿Abd al-JaliÌl al-QazwiÌniÌ al-RaÌziÌ
25n
Ê¿Abd al-KariÌm al-HÌ£aÌʾiriÌ
37
AbuÌ HÌ£aniÌfa
5
The HÌ£anafiÌ school of jurisprudence
6, 20n
Ê¿adl
75â77
ahÌ£kaÌm. see ḥukm
Ahl al-Hadith
5â6
Ajwad al-taqriÌraÌt
33, 39
akhbaÌr al-aÌhÌ£aÌd
xv, 18, 26, 44, 81
AkhbaÌriÌs
25â29, 44, 59, 81, 92, 105, 125
aʿlam
31, 38, 122
Ê¿aÌlam al-takwiÌniÌ
64, 72
Ê¿aÌlam al-tashriÌÊ¿iÌ
64, 72
Ê¿AliÌ b. AbiÌ TÌ£aÌlib
8â9, 11
Ê¿AllaÌma al-HÌ£illiÌ (HÌ£asan b. YuÌsuf b. al-Mutahhar al-HÌ£illiÌ)
21â26, 59, 71, 81, 86, 87n, 100
amaÌra
42, 81, 92
AÌmidiÌ, Sayf al-DiÌn al-
21
amr al-irshaÌdiÌ
49, 103
amr al-mawlawiÌ
49, 103
AnsÌ£aÌriÌ, Shaykh MurtadÌ£aÌ al-
29â32, 36, 59â60
Definition and authority of certainty
61â63, 65, 72
On marjaʿ al-taqlīd
122, 125
Post-AnsÌ£aÌriÌ UṣūlÄ«s/jurists
32, 73, 75, 85, 91, 105
Pre-AnsÌ£aÌriÌ UṣūlÄ«s/jurists
82, 85, 91, 121
Reports of the sunna
97, 99â102
The theory of insidÄd
82â91
Apostasy
ixâx, 107â114, 109n, 110nn11â12, 111n, 120
Ê¿aql (reason)
16, 19, 23, 40â41, 77
Ê¿aqliÌ (rational)
xi, 77
Discussions on rationality (mabaÌhÌ£ith al-Ê¿aqliyya)
35
Judgment of reason (ḥukm al-ʿaql)
75
Rational intelligibility of actions
83
Ê¿AraÌqiÌ, DÌ£iÌyaʾ al-DiÌn al-
33â34, 39
Aristotle
22n
Aristotelian philosophy/logic
14, 118â119
asÌ£aÌlat al-Ê¿umuÌm
104
asÌ£aÌlat al-zÌ£uhuÌr
42, 49, 93, 106
Apparent meaning of Quran
97, 108
Literalistic approach of Muslim jurists
xiâxii, 6, 106â107, 109, 114â115, 121,125
Ashʿarite
5â6
AstaraÌbaÌdiÌ, MuhÌ£ammad AmiÌn al-
25â26
Ayatollah Sayyid Ê¿AliÌ al-HÌ£usayniÌ al-SiÌstaÌniÌ
40, 108n, 115
Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei
38, 107
Baghdad
5, 15â16, 19
BahÌ£raÌniÌ, YuÌsuf b. AhÌ£mad al-
27, 86
banaÌʾ al-Ê¿uqalaÌʾ
74, 102
God being raʾiÌs al-Ê¿uqalaÌ
50, 76, 103
baraÌʾa
30, 51, 55, 85â86
Basra
5
bayaÌn al-taÌmm
45, 50
BihbihaÌniÌ, MuhÌ£ammad BaÌqir al- (or al-WahÌ£iÌd al-BihbihaÌniÌ)
27â29, 82, 83n, 87
daliÌl (pl. adilla
)40, 41â42, 81â82, 84, 92, 122
dÌ£aruÌriyyaÌt al-diÌn
83, 102, 108
DuruÌs fi Ê¿ilm al-usÌ£uÌl
37, 49, 51, 77, 98n
FaÌdÌ£il al-TuÌniÌ, Ê¿Abd Allah al-
82
FadÌ£liÌ, Ê¿Abd al-HaÌdiÌ al-
60â62, 82n
Fanaei, Abolqasem
xi, 120â121
FaraÌiʾd al-usÌ£uÌl
xvi, 29, 31â32, 59, 83, 97, 100, 102
Fiqh
viii, 85, 107, 114
Classes on fiqh
38, 117
Works of fiqh
vii, xn, 13, 21, 31, 39, 88, 101
Friday congregational prayers (jumuʿa)
25, 56â57, 74, 88â89
GhazaÌliÌ, AbuÌ HÌ£aÌmid al-
21â22
ghulaÌt
9
Gleave, Robert
26â27
Guardianship (wilaÌyat) of a jurist
30, 38
HÌ£akiÌm, Sayyid MuhÌ£sin al-
36, 39
Hallaq, W. B.
3â4
On philosophy/logic in legal theory
22
Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b.
5
The HÌ£anbaliÌ legal school of jurisprudence
6, 20n
hÌ£aqq al-tÌ£aÌÊ¿a
52, 77, 80
ḥaraj
87â88
hÌ£araÌm (pl ḥurma
)30, 47
Category of action
vii, 23
Prohibition of apostasy
108
HÌ£awza
viii, xv, 37
HÌ£aydariÌ, KamaÌl al-
57n, 76n
Accuracy of sense perception
69â70, 72
On BÄqir al-á¹¢adr
53â54
The nature and existence of certainty
62â64, 66â69, 117, 118n
Rational authoritativeness of certainty
77, 79
HÌ£illa
20â21, 24
ḥujja
xiii, 35, 40â43, 45, 51â52, 72, 91n, 92, 97â98, 117
ḥujjiyya. See ḥujja
ḥukm (pl. aḥkÄm)
viiâviii, 1, 21, 82n, 86
Apparent precept (hÌ£ukm al-zÌ£aÌhiriÌ)
56â57, 88, 90, 107n
Circumstantial Sharia precept (hÌ£ukm al-waḍʿiÌ)
109n
Real precept (hÌ£ukm al-waÌqiÊ¿iÌ
)56, 88, 90, 107n
HÌ£urr al-Ê¿AÌmiliÌ, Shaykh al-
99
HÌ£usayn BuruÌjardiÌ
37â38, 122
hÌ£usn wa-l qubhÌ£ al-Ê¿aqliÌ
83
Hussain, Arif Abdul
xi, 112â114, 120
ibn al-HÌ£aÌjib, JamaÌl al-DiÌn
21
Ibn Idris al-HÌ£illiÌ
21â22
ibn Junayd al-IskaÌfiÌ
16
ihÌ£timaÌl
52, 77, 80, 119, 124
ihÌ£tiyaÌtÌ£
29, 87, 91n
ijmaÌÊ¿
3â4, 18â19, 23, 40â41, 84â85, 87, 99n
ijtihaÌd
viiâix, xiâxiv, 6, 23â25, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53â59, 61, 65, 72, 79, 81â82, 90â93, 100, 105â106, 108, 116â117, 121â122
Consultative ijtihÄd
123â124
Dynamism in ijtihÄd
45, 107
Future of ijtihÄd
xv, 116,121, 123, 125
Mujtahid (jurist)
vii, xn, 23â24, 124n
Ê¿ilm
xiv, 11, 16, 18â19, 27, 44, 48, 59, 83, 104
Acquired knowledge (Ê¿ilm al-hÌ£usÌ£uÌliÌ)
66
Ambiguous knowledge (Ê¿ilm al-ijmaÌliÌ)
85
The distinction between Ê¿ilm and certainty (qaá¹Ê¿)
59â62
Ê¿ilm al-kalaÌm
viii, 13, 41n
Ê¿ilm al-rijaÌl
14, 24, 39
Knowledge of the unseen (Ê¿ilm al-ghayb)
10
Present knowledge (Ê¿ilm al-hÌ£udÌ£uriÌ)
66â67
inkishaÌf
52, 61â62
Property of disclosure
62, 65
InsidaÌd
xiv, 82â83, 105
Modern advocators of insidaÌd
91
The notion of infitaÌhÌ£ baÌb al-Ê¿ilm wa-l Ê¿ilmiÌ
87, 92
The notion of insidaÌd baÌb al-Ê¿ilm wa-l Ê¿ilmiÌ
83â84
The premises of insidaÌd
84â90
Iranian revolution
8, 15, 36, 38â39, 122
irtidaÌd. see apostasy
IsÌ£fahaÌniÌ, MuhÌ£ammad HÌ£usayn al-GharawiÌ al-
33â35, 39, 46
Authority of isolated reports through rational convention
103â104
Postulated authority of certainty
74â76
ishtighaÌl
53
ʿiṣma
vii, 10â11, 46, 81, 86
isnaÌd (sing sanad)
22, 94, 102
istihÌ£saÌn
6, 41, 90, 93, 122
istisÌ£hÌ£aÌb
30, 36
istisÌ£laÌhÌ£
6, 41, 90, 93, 122
Jabal al-Ê¿AÌmil
24
JaÊ¿far al-SÌ£aÌdiq
98
jahl murakkab
61
jaÊ¿l al-basiÌtÌ£
64
jaÊ¿l al-taʾliÌfiÌ
64â65, 75
Jazm
60
Kadivar, Mohsen
xi, 110â111, 120
Karbala
29, 37
KaÌshif al-GhitÌ£aÌʾ, Shaykh JaÊ¿far
28
KashshiÌ, MuhÌ£ammad b. Ê¿Umar al-
14, 102
khabar al-wÄḥid. see akhbaÌr al-aÌhÌ£aÌd
KhuÌʾiÌ, AbuÌ al-QaÌsim al-
33, 36, 38â40, 53, 60, 91n
On the authenticity of the Quran
93n
Authoritativeness of certainty
72â74
KhuÌʾiÌâs ruling on FGM
115
Nature of certainty
66, 117â118
KhumayniÌ, RuÌhÌ£allaÌh MuÌsawiÌ
37â39, 72, 110, 120, 122
Nature and accuracy of certainty
65â66, 69, 116â118
Scriptural authoritativeness of isolated reports
95
KhuraÌsaÌniÌ, Akhund MuhÌ£ammad KaÌzÌ£im al-
32â33, 37, 39
Existential authoritativeness of certainty
73
The theory of insidÄd
85n, 89
KifaÌyat al-usÌ£uÌl
xvi, 32â33, 39, 73, 85n, 89
KitÄb al-makÄsib
30â32, 91
KulayniÌ, MuhÌ£ammad ibn YaÊ¿quÌb al-
12, 15
Lankarni, Fazel
110
lawaÌzim al-dhaÌt
63n, 73
literalistic approach/interpretation
xiâxii, 6, 106, 109, 114â115, 121, 125
mabaÌdiÌ al-tasÌ£awwuriyya
41
MabaÌniÌ al-istinbaÌtÌ£
39, 72
makruÌh
vii, 23
maktab-i tafkiÌk
119
MaÌlik ibn Anas
5
The MaÌlikiÌ school of jurisprudence
3, 6, 20n
Manṭiq
viii, 71, 76n, 117
maqaÌm al-ithbaÌt
55, 57, 79
maqaÌm al-thubuÌt
54, 57, 79, 119
marjaÊ¿ al-taqliÌd
xii, 31â32, 34, 36â40, 53, 122
The institution of marjaʿiya
38, 123â124
masÌ£lahÌ£a. See istisÌ£laÌhÌ£
maÊ¿sÌ£uÌm. See Ê¿isÌ£ma
MaÌturiÌdiÌ
5â6
MisÌ£baÌhÌ£ al-usÌ£uÌl
39, 66
Modarressi, Hossein
10, 13â14, 20â21
Moezzi, M A Amir
10â11, 16
Montazeri, Hussein Ali
110
muʿadhdhariyya
42
mubaÌhÌ£
vii, 23, 30
mufawwiḍa
10
MufiÌd, Shaykh al-
13, 16â20, 44, 59, 81
MuhÌ£ammad BahÌ£r al-Ê¿UluÌm
28
MuhÌ£ammad al-BaÌqir
10, 109
MuhÌ£ammad BaÌqir al-MajlisiÌ
100
MuhÌ£ammad HÌ£asan al-NajafiÌ
xn, 31
MuhÌ£ammad HÌ£usayn IsÌ£fahaÌniÌ al-HÌ£aÌʾiriÌ (author of JawaÌhir al-kalaÌm)
28, 41
MuhÌ£ammad KaÌzÌ£im al-TÌ£abaÌtÌ£abaÌÊ¿iÌ al-YazdiÌ (author of Ê¿Urwat al-wuthqaÌ)
31
MuhÌ£aqqiq al-HÌ£illiÌ (JaÊ¿far b. HÌ£asan al-HÌ£illiÌ)
21, 31
MuhÌ£aqqiq al-KarakiÌ
24
Mujtahid. See ijtihÄd
mukallaf
29â30, 35
mukhaṭṭiʾa. see takhṭiʾa
MullaÌ SÌ£adraÌ (SÌ£adr al-DiÌn ShiÌraÌziÌ)
71, 118
Sadrian philosophy
72, 118â119, 120
munajjaziyya
42, 54
Muqallida
20, 24
murtadd. see apostasy
MurtadÌ£aÌ, al-ShariÌf al-
16â20, 44, 59, 81, 86, 100â102
mustaḥabb
vii, 23, 35
MutÌ£ahhari, MurtadÌ£aÌ
120, 122â123
mutawaÌtir
19, 84, 93, 97, 10
Muʿtazilite
5, 7, 15â17
Muáºaffar, Muḥammad RiaÌ
xv, 34â36, 71, 75â76
The authoritativeness of isolated reports
93â105
On certainty
60â62
On extraordinary conjecture
92
Praiseworthy and blameworthy actions
75â76
Prelude to modern legal theory
40â42
On scripture against conjecture
47
NaʾiÌniÌ, MuhÌ£ammad HÌ£usayn al-GharawiÌ al-
32â34, 39
Authority of isolated reports through rational convention
103â105
Scriptural justification against conjecture
46â48
Najaf
19, 24, 29, 32â34, 37, 39, 40, 119
NajaÌshiÌ, AhÌ£mad b. Ê¿AliÌ al-
14, 102
Newman, Andrew
10, 15
Occultation
xiii, 12â13, 15, 16n, 17, 25, 31, 38
The absence of the Twelfth Imam
xiiâxiii, 12â13, 15â16, 18, 20, 24â26, 30, 38, 99â100, 125
The theory of insidÄd during occultation
82, 84, 85n, 87â91
Orthodoxy and orthodox interpretation/understanding
xiâxiii, xv, 6â8, 11â12, 16â18, 44, 71, 90â91, 106â109, 110n, 111, 114â123, 125
Paya, Ali
119n, 120
Perception
67â72, 117
Peripatetic
22â23, 59
Prophet (Muḥammad)
vii, xv, 1, 3, 4n, 7â11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26â27, 41n, 46â47, 81, 82n, 83â84, 86â87, 90â91, 94â100, 105, 109â110, 112, 114, 119
Qajar dynasty
28
qaṭʿ (certainty)
ix, xiv, 23, 29, 42, 45, 59â61, 63n, 65, 77, 104
The authoritativeness of certainty
xiv, 57, 59, 77
qaá¹Ê¿Ä« form of knowledge/evidence
xiv, 23, 59, 61, 65, 77, 83, 85, 87, 92, 97, 98n, 122
QawaÌÊ¿id al-fiqhiyya
88
qiyaÌs
3â4, 6, 16, 18, 41, 44, 90, 93, 122
qubhÌ£ al-Ê¿iqaÌb bi-laÌ bayaÌn
50â51
QummiÌ, MiÌrzaÌ AbuÌ QaÌsim al-
28, 32, 40, 41, 82, 85
Quran
xi, 3â6, 18, 23, 26â27, 40, 41, 46â49, 81â82, 84, 86, 93n, 94, 97, 103â104, 106, 108â110, 112, 119, 122
Quranic exegeses
10, 39
Verse from Quran
46n, 47nn7â8, 88n, 94n, 95n, 108nn4â6
raʾy
16, 18
Partisans of rational opinion (ahl al-raʾy
) 4n
RaÌziÌ, Fakhr al-DiÌn al-
21
RuwhÌ£aniÌ, Sayyid MuhÌ£ammad HÌ£usayn al-
91n
SÌ£adr, MuhÌ£ammad BaÌqir al-
viii, xiii, 36â37, 42n, 49, 60, 98n, 118â119, 123â124
SÌ£adrâs critique of UṣūlÄ« rational justification
51â58
SÌ£adrâs take on the authoritativeness of certainty
77â80
SÌ£aduÌq, Shaykh al- (ibn BaÌbawayh al-QummiÌ)
12, 15â16, 86
Safavid
25, 27, 28, 71, 118
sÌ£alaÌt
xn, 23, 30, 49, 56, 88
Seljuq
19â21
Shabestri, Mohammad Mojtahed
xi
ShaÌfiÊ¿iÌ, MuhÌ£ammad ibn IdriÌs al-
2â3, 5
The ShaÌfiÊ¿iÌ legal school of jurisprudence
6, 16, 20n
ShaÌfiÊ¿iÌ al-RisaÌla
2â3
ShahiÌd al-Awwal
24
ShahiÌd al-ThaÌniÌ, Ḥasan ibn
24, 82â83, 85
ShahiÌd al-ThaÌniÌ
24
Shakk
29, 42, 52, 57, 88â89
SiÌstaÌniÌ, Ê¿AliÌ al-HÌ£usayniÌ al-
40, 108n, 115
Soroush, Abdolkarim
xi, 111â112, 120
Stewart, Devin
7, 17, 39
strategic juristic omission
114â115, 121
sunna
xi, xv, 3â6, 14â15, 18, 23, 40â41, 46, 48, 49, 81â82, 2n82, 84, 86, 93n, 94, 97â98, 106, 109â110, 119, 122
suṭuḥ
34, 37, 71, 117
TÌ£abarasiÌ, FadÌ£al ibn HÌ£asan al-
100
TÌ£abaÌtÌ£abaÌÊ¿iÌ, MuhÌ£ammad Ê¿AliÌ al-
88â89
TÌ£abaÌtÌ£abaÌÊ¿iÌ, MuhÌ£ammad HÌ£usayn
38
Context of Quran 10:36
46â47
On philosophy
71â72
TahdhiÌb al-usÌ£uÌl
39, 65, 94
takhiÌiÌr
30
takhṭiʾa
viii
takliÌf (pl. takaÌliÌf
)31, 50, 73, 83, 85
TÌ£aÌliqaÌniÌ, MahÌ£muÌd
122
taqliÌd
87
tÌ£ariÌq
42, 60, 62â63, 65, 81, 92
tÌ£ariÌqiyya
62, 65
tarjiÌhÌ£ al-marjuÌhÌ£ Ê¿alaÌ Ê¾l-raÌjihÌ£ qabiÌhÌ£
90
tarkhiÌsÌ£
55, 79
taṣawwur
23, 66
tasÌ£diÌq
23, 66
TÌ£uÌsiÌ, Khawaja NasÌ£iÌr al-DiÌn al-
21, 59
TÌ£uÌsiÌ, Shaykh MuhÌ£ammad b. HÌ£asan al- (Shaykh al-TÌ£aÌʾifa)
19â22, 81, 86, 100â102
Ê¿ulamaÌʾ
86, 123
ulamaÌʾ al-abraÌr
10, 14
Ê¿usr
87â88
usÌ£uÌl al-Ê¿amaliyya
29, 34, 36, 42, 55, 90, 107
usÌ£uÌl al-fiqh
viii, ix, xii, xiii, xvâxvi, 13, 31, 34n, 38, 41n
wÄjib/wujÅ«b
vii, xiv, 23, 30, 35, 60, 72â74, 77, 78
wÄqiÊ¿
viii, xiv, 29, 45, 50, 60, 113
wujuÌb al-shukr al-munÊ¿im
52n, 78
yaqiÌn
47, 60â61, 92
ZanjaÌniÌ, MuÌsaÌ ShubayriÌ al-
90â91
áºann
ix, 18, 19, 23, 44â46, 83
Conjectural knowledge/evidence (zÌ£anniÌ)
xiv, 23, 59, 80, 97
Extraordinary conjecture (zÌ£ann al-khaÌsÌ£sÌ£)
xiv, 82, 91â93, 105
The non-authoritativeness of conjecture
xiii, 44
Substantiated conjecture (ẓann al-muʾtabar)
ix, xiv, 45, 64, 81, 92
ẓann al-muṭlaq
84, 91n,121
zÌ£ann bi-maÌ huwa zÌ£ann
45, 92
ẓulm
75â77
ZuraÌra b. AÊ¿yan
98
Zysow, Aron
5, 20