Index
Abba Gärima, monastery
175
abnegation
15, 80, 85, 110
Abraham, Abba
200
Abraham of Cochin
42
abstinence
1, 5, 8, 13, 16, 51–52, 76, 81–82, 90, 102, 104, 106–7, 112, 148, 179, 216
in Ethiopian Orthodox in
1, 16
Ignatius de Loyola on
5, 78
Jesuits on
1, 5, 8, 13, 16, 81–82, 90, 104, 106, 112, 148, 179, 216
Roberto de Nobili on
148
in sexual intercourse
51n136
abunä (bishop)
34–35, 84, 199–201, 208
Abyssinia. see Ethiopia
Abyssinian
monks
126
people
126n52, 176
ruler
44
Acción misionera y los métodos misionales (Granero)
2n4, 6n22, 10n38–n40, 11n42–n43, 116n7, 117n9, 181n15, 183n25–n26, 185n34
acculturation
49
Acquaviva, Claudio
7–8, 167n87
Acquaviva, Rodolfo
33
adaptationism
4, 30, 60, 170.
Quietism
Adegada, Ethiopia
35, 209
Aden
20n12
Adimata, Abba
64
ʿAdwa
32
Afe, Abba
49, 64.
Afṣe
Afghanistan
89 19–22, 26, 38
Africa, continent
2, 10, 16–18, 22–23, 111, 169n97.
Horn of Africa
Afṣe, Abba
49, 64n19
Agäw Mǝder
35
Agehananda Bharati, Swami
173n111
Agostino Tedla de Hēbo
125
Agra, India
25, 27
Águas, Neves
43n110, 44n111
ailments
156n32, 158, 162–63, 177
Akbar (emperor)
33
Aksum, Ethiopia
49, 63–64, 67
Aksumite army
65n26
Aksumite era
67
Al-Bahnasā, bishopric
128–29, 19, 21
Albuquerque, Afonso de
19, 20n11, 21n13, 22, 26n36
Alcalá, Spain
3, 6
alcuni
125
Alcántara, Pedro de
4n12
Alden, Dauril
“Some Considerations concerning
Jesuit Enterprises in Asia”
25n33, 37n82
The Making of an Enterprise
2n5, 23n24, 24n29, 31n58, 33n68, 100n17
Alef/Alefi, Abba
64n17.
nine saints
Alexander the Great
61, 130, 173, 181
Alexandria, Clement of
123, 141n106
Alexandria, Patriarch of
35, 45, 65, 68, 121n29
Alexandrian insurrection
210
Alexandrine Coptic Church
74, 95, 121n29, 129, 200–201
Alexius, Saint
71
Aliba Dangil (Ḥalib Dǝngǝl)
182
Alla ud-din, Sikandar (sultan)
21
Almeida, Francisco de
21n13
Almeida, Manuel de
Coptic Church for
70
cult of Mary
87n129
Däbrä Libanos, privileges for
199n97
däbtäročč for
125
Ethiopian monasticism for
62–63, 86, 95, 206, 209–10, 216
healing for
158, 160, 164, 203–4
Historia da Etiópia a alta
68
História da Igreja Católica
29n50, 80n90
History of Ethiopia
40
Judaic Sabbath for
77
local monks for
186, 197, 206, 209, 211
on Oviedo
78–79, 175–76
on Täklä Haymanot
68–71, 95, 210
Susǝnyos and
186, 201, 207
The Life of Täklä Haymanot
69, 71
theological debates and
128–29, 206
transfer to Africa from Goa
24n30
witchcraft and exorcisms
160, 162–63, 204
alms
13, 52, 55, 58, 82, 180
alumbrados
4, 6–7
Álvares, Francisco
42–43
Prester John of the Indies
43n110, 52n139, 122n32
Álvarez, Baltasar
7
Ambrose, Saint
91, 131, 148
Virginibus ad Marcellinam sororem
91
Amdä Ṣǝyon (king)
71n53
Amdä Ṣǝyon, monastery
51n136, 69
Americas, continent
14, 32, 151, 155
Amhara
69, 182, 199, 204
people
67, 199n94
region
69n44, 161, 182, 204
Amiamid (emperor)
63
amora’im
137
amulets
157, 163–64
Anaphora of Mary
129n62
anaphrodisiacs
105
ancestors, rite of
44, 57, 152
anchorites
1, 4n12, 13–14, 16, 50, 52, 59, 75, 81, 99, 179–80, 184, 190, 193
anchoritism
10, 49.
nine saints
Andrade, Alonso de
Varones ilustres de la Compañía de Jesús
38n88, 101n20, 101n23, 104n40
Andrea, Saint (Andrew)
88–8
andǝmta
133
Angamaly, bishopric
42
angels
52, 67, 85–86, 94, 130, 134, 154, 160, 197
Angelis, Antonio de
34
animals
76, 134, 136–37, 159
Annales Auxumitani
63
annual letters
36, 126–27, 184, 199
Anorēwos, Abba
51n136, 92
Anorewos the Younger
161n54
Anquetil
61
Anriquez, Anrique
105
Anthony, Saint
4, 67
anti-Catholic
92, 125n44, 201
anti -Chalcedonian
49, 125
anti-Christian
156
anti-dyophysite
anti-Hindu
28
anti-demonic
151n5. See also Shamans and exorcism
Antioch, patriarch of
121n29
Apology (Tertullian)
141n106
apostles
37, 77, 83, 129, 178, 206
Aquitaine, France
8
Arabia
37, 63, 65
Arabic language and writings
20, 39n89, 50, 121n29, 123, 124n40
Arabs
21
Araucan
152n8
Archivum historicum Societatis Iesu
2n5, 101n20, 121n30, 191n61
Arägawi, Abba
49, 64–65, 67–68
aristocracy, Ethiopian
35, 174
Armenians
19, 23, 103
Arquivo Distrital de Braga
11n44, 40n97, 62n7, 64n13, 94n164, 182n22, 199n96, 202n109, 203n114, 208n129–n130, 209n132, 210n136
art
magical arts
76
diabolical arts
155
Aryans
53
Asärtu täsǝʾǝlotat
82–83, 89, 124, 132n74
asceticism. yogi
celibacy and
51, 55, 62, 91
detachment in
14n50, 52, 54, 106n49
dietary restrictions
43, 45, 52, 74, 198n91
Ethiopian asceticism
49, 51, 61–95, 215
fasting and
5, 8, 13, 44, 51, 52n137, 55, 76, 78, 80–83, 85, 87, 103, 106, 154, 182, 211
guidelines of Hindu ascetic life
57
hair in
98, 153n14
Hindu asceticism
15, 55, 106, 110
Jesuit asceticism
13
lifestyles in
49n127, 52, 55n150, 88, 90–91, 94, 104, 212, 215–18
Marian model in
87, 95
ascetics as oracles in
78, 177, 217
sexual abstinence in
13n50, 148
sexual addictions and
55
silence in
6n25, 55n148, 76–77
sleep in
52, 55n148 ,57, 109n63
Asia
2, 18–20, 25–26, 28, 33, 38, 48, 53, 58, 62, 89, 100, 103, 107, 111, 140, 143, 151, 157, 183, 185, 191, 216
Asia in the Making of Europe (Lach)
2n4, 26n37, 28n48, 33n66, 62n5, 140n102, 143n114, 183n27, 185n35
askema
67–68, 73
askesis
3, 13n50
āśrama
56
Asʾar Yaṯʾar, Yūsuf
65n26
atheism
155
Atkäna, Ethiopia
35
Atnatewos, Abba
206
Atquo, Abba
205–7
Augustine, Saint
93, 130n67,131n72, 134, 148
Augustinian order
63
Aum (Om)
157
austerity
1, 6, 10, 16, 47, 55, 78, 97, 103n35, 109n61, 111, 173
Autobiografía y Diario espiritual (Loyola)
187n127, 187n43–n45, 187n48, 188n48, 188n49, 191, 203n113
avatar
144
Ávila, Teresa of
4n12, 7n28, 116n5
Axum, kingdom
64
Ayele Teklahaymanot
200n98–n99
Āyurveda
156–57
Azande culture
169
Azevedo, Luis de
34, 77n78, 78, 80–81, 91n151, 96, 115, 139, 175, 182, 205, 215
Bägemdǝr, region
35, 199
Baghdad, Iraq
41
baḥrǝy
123–24.
nine saints
baḥrǝyawi
130
baḥtawi
135
baḥtawis
75–76, 182
baḥǝr nägaš
164n74, 202
bairagis
97n4–98n4
Bandrés
123
baptism, Catholic
22, 27, 94, 152, 166, 189–90, 195–96, 198, 206, 208–09, 212
barbarians
14, 116–17, 122n32, 172
Barneto, Thomas
169, 176, 201
Baronio, Cesare (cardinal)
62n6
Barradas, Manuel
on chastity of Ethiopian ascetics
84
on conversion of ascetics
209, 211–12
description of Ethiopian ascetic by
72–73, 80, 83–84
Ethiopian Church for
80, 122n33
The Life of Abba Gärima
71n56
Notícia sobre o Reino de Tigré
71n56–n57, 77n79, 163n67
Religious images and mirales in missions and
164–65, 169
Tractatus tres historico …
40n93
Barzeo, Gaspar
Francis Xavier and
100–1
healing and exorcism
158
mission to India
100–03
proselytization in Hormuz
27, 101–02
on renunciants
190–91, 193, 216
on yogis
61n2, 99–100, 103–4, 109, 113, 120–22, 143–44, 158, 180, 190–91, 193, 216
Bäṣälotä Mikhaél, Saint
51n136, 92
Basil, Saint
131, 148
Basilissa, martyr
94
Bassein, mission
25
Baçaim, India
29, 39
Beccari, Camillo
Rerum Aethiopicarum scriptores occidentales
32n63, 39n90, 40n91–93, 40n95, 44n114, 64n13, 64n23–n24, 65n27, 68n39, 69n42, 69n45, 71n52, 71n56, 73n60, 73n64, 77n76, 77n79, 78n81, 79n82, 79n84–85, 80n87, 81n92, 83n107, 83n109, 86n120–n122, 87n129, 88n130, 116n2, 117n10, 118n15, 119n17, 119n20–n23, 122n33, 126n48, 127n54, 128n56–n57, 129n65, 159n42, 160n52, 162n62–n63, 163n64, 164n70, 164n72–n75, 165n75–n78, 169n94, 175n124, 175n126, 176n130–n132, 177n133–n136, 182n23–n24, 186n37, 196n80–n83, 197n84–n85, 197n87, 199n94–n95, 199n97, 201n103, 201n106, 203n112, 203n115, 204n117, 206n118, 206n122–n124, 207n126–n128, 209n133–n134, 210n137–n138, 211n140, 211n142, 212n144–n145
Beckford, James
192
Beidelman Thomas
186
Bellarmine, Robert (cardinal)
31, 111
Bellary, India
21
Benedictines
4
Bengal
19, 53, 157n34
Benjamin, patriarch
68
Berger, Peter
206, 213
Sacred Canopy
212n147, 214n153
Social Construction of Reality
206n125, 213n152
Social Reality of Religion
145n126
Berma (Brahma)
143
Bernier, François
152
Viaje al Gran Mogol, Indostán y
Cachemira
103n35, 107n49, 153n13, 170n100, 180n5
Bersel, Jasper. see Barzeo, Gaspar
Besma (Vishnu)
143
bestiality
101
beverage
53
Bhagavadgita Giītā
144–46
Bible
75, 127, 133, 136, 138, 142, 145, 149, 159, 217
Bijapur, India
21, 28
bi-meʾod meʾod
137
bishop
26, 30, 42, 50, 59, 91, 93, 115, 127–28, 137, 199–201, 206, 210.
nine saints
bodies, human
54, 99n14, 107, 109, 130, 152n8
Bodin, Jean
81n94
Bohemia
150
Bolland, Jean
93
Bollandism
72
Bom Jesus, the College of Saint Roch
24
bones
174–75.
nine saints
Bonjes
105n46
bonzes
105n46, 152
bonzo
111
Borba, Diogo de
26
Borja, Francisco
47–48, 104–6
Diario espiritual
105n45
Tratados espirituales
105n42, 143n113
Bourbons
115
Boxer, Charles Ralph
31, 37, 40, 48
Church Militant …
38n87
Portuguese Seaborne Empire
31n59, 37n81, 40n98, 48n124
bózu
105n46.
nine saints
Brahma
58n162, 143n114, 144n116
Brahmanism
143n114
Brahmcarya
56n152
Brahmins
21n17–n18, 29–30, 56, 58n162, 59, 61, 113, 119–20, 140n102, 143n114, 157, 183, 185
Brotéria
10n41, 17n3, 25n33, 165n77
Broët, Paschase
17
buda
159.
nine saints
Buddha
144n120
Buddhism
12n45, 46
Buddhist
28, 38, 105n46, 111, 141n105, 156n27
burials
43, 172, 173–76
Byzantine empire
65
Caesarius of Arles, Saint
137n95, 138n95
Cain
130
Calcutta, India
19, 25
calendar, Ethiopian
82, 172
Calicut, India
21, 40, 48, 140
Calvinist
12n45
Calâlgy, Ethiopia
161
Cambay, India
53n142, 100, 153
Cana, wedding at
88
Canada
155n26
candles
207
Cannanore, India
20n12
Cano, Melchor
7n27
canon law
93
canonical
123, 144–4
cantors
125n46
canuxis
105n46.
nine saints
Cape Comorin
25, 29n51
Cape of Good Hope
20, 22
Cape Verde
165n75
capital punishment
205, 208
Capitalism
12
Caraka Saṁhitā
156n32
Cardeira, Luís
165
Cardoso, Gonzalo
119, 127
Carmelites
4, 8, 89
Carmen, Virgin of
89
Carneiro, Belchior
10, 34
carpets
100
Carta anua de Ethiopia (Páez)
11n44, 182n22, 199n96, 202n109, 203n114, 208m129
Cartas annais das missões da Etiopia
40n97, 62n7, 64n13, 94n164, 182n22, 199n96, 202n109, 208n129–n130, 210n136
Cartas de Etiópia (Oliveira)
34n72, 40n96, 71n56, 151n4, 169n95, 205n119, 209n135
Carthusian
6n27, 7n27
Castanhoso, Miguel de
43–44
caste system
42n105, 55–57, 59, 70, 111, 180
castles
108
Castro, Afonso de
27
Catatâ, Ethiopia
161
catechism
29, 102, 193, 209
Catholicism
asceticism in
12n45
church militant and
31, 106, 112, 136n90, 216
confrontation with Ethiopian Creed
213
cooperation with Portuguese state in Goa
25–26, 29
Counter-Reformation
47
De Nobili, Roberto and
31
devotion to Mary in
87–88, 95–96
Emperor Akbar and
33
Ethiopian monarchy and
35, 44, 118–19, 122, 177, 199, 202, 214
Ethiopian Christianity vs
41, 90, 117, 122–23, 126, 138, 183, 204, 215
Ethiopian monks and
84, 197–99, 206, 208, 211–12, 218
exorcism and
162n61, 167
health and sickness in
155, 158, 166
Hindu concepts and
174
Nestorian Christianity and
40
Quietism and
60
Spiritual Exercises and
189
supernatural and
140
yogis and
121, 190–91
Catholic Reformation
3–4, 9, 12n45, 154
caves
76, 99, 102, 176, 181, 183, 208
Cecilia, Saint
94
celibacy
51, 55, 62, 91
cenobitism
13–14, 49, 52.
nine saints
Ceoâ, Ethiopia
161
ceremonies
48, 143n114, 144n121, 145, 169n97, 172, 177, 196, 198n92
Cerulli, Enrico
Gli Abbati di Dabra Libānos
174n120
“La littérature éthiopienne …”
123n36–n37
Les vies éthiopiennes de Saint Alexis
71n57
Scritti teologici etiopici dei secoli
XVI–XVII 75n69, 82n97, 83n104, 83n105, 89n139, 123n33, 124n38, 124n40–n43, 125n44, 127n54, 129n62, 129n64, 130n67, 130n69–31n70, 132n75–33n76, 174n120–n121
Storia della letteratura etiopica
50n133
Ceylon
19n9, 25, 29, 31, 37, 104, 108, 144, 149, 217
Chalcedon, Council of
49, 64–65, 74, 121n29, 123, 124n40, 125
charity
3, 10, 24, 44, 76, 78, 81–83, 95, 146, 195
charms
163.
nine saints
chastity
80, 83–88, 90–92, 94–96, 100, 102–3, 105–6, 112, 208, 213, 215–16, 218
Chaul, Ethiopia
25
children
5, 8n32, 87, 101, 130n67, 136–38, 153, 166, 176, 185, 193
China
19, 27, 30, 37, 53n142, 89, 105, 111, 142n108, 155n27
Chorão, Ethiopia
25, 27, 30
Christ
4, 7n27, 9, 38n88, 45, 47, 74–75, 81, 83, 89, 93n158, 103, 116, 118, 123–24, 126, 131–33, 137n95, 152n8, 155n26, 161, 191, 194–95, 198n92, 200, 203, 205–6, 210
Christianization
18, 50–51, 174
Christmas
11
Christology
2n6, 74, 123n36, 129, 205
Christos Bezana, Abba
67–68
Chronica de Susenyos (Esteves Pereira)
197n86, 200n100
Chronicle of Axum
63
Chrysostom, John
50n133, 88, 90
Church Militant … (Boxer)
38n87
Chōḷa dynasty
21
cilices
76, 87.
nine saints
cinnamon
37
Cipriano, Afonso
27
circumcision
43, 45, 66, 74, 198
cleanliness
85
Clement of Alexandria
141n106
climate
2, 104
cloak
72, 73n62, 98
cloisters
174.
nine saints
clothes/clothing
52, 57–58, 72, 75, 185
cilices
76
cloak
72, 73n62, 98
Dabâs cape
73
Fota
72
fotetes
72
of Ethiopian monks
52, 58, 72, 73–74
garb
67n37, 101, 111
habits, monastic
67, 72–73, 75, 105
mantles
73n62
ochre raiment
111
qinat
73n62
qob
73n62
rags as
98, 102, 153
raiment
59, 72–73, 102, 111
silk
72, 75, 100, 111, 153
skins
75, 84
tabiz
157n34
yellow skin/cotton
75
wool
72
coadjutors
23
cobras, worship of
76n72.
nine saints
Cochin
Amador Correa in
139
bishop of
30, 41–42, 59
College of
25
rajah of
21
cohabitation
51n136
Coimbra, Portugal
6, 66n34, 78, 92n153, 97n3–n4, 139n98, 141n105, 191, 193n71, 205n120
coins
22, 98, 141n105.
nine saints
Colleges
Cochin, India
25
Saint Paul’s, Goa
24, 120, 144
Saint Roch, Lisbon
24
São Paulo, Brazil
24n30
colonialism
92n153
colonies
21, 26, 29, 194.
nine saints
Commentary on the Galatians (Jerome)
148n139
commerce
154
Communion, sacrament of
34, 44, 81, 88–89, 196, 201, 203, 208–9
competitions
2, 31, 152, 162, 218
conclave
29, 42, 123.
nine saints
Confessio fide of King Claudius
31, 128n60, 198n91.
nine saints
Confession, sacrament of
24, 44, 81, 116, 162, 164, 189, 197–98, 203, 209
Confucianism
46
Congregation de Propaganda Fide
35–36
Constantinople
65
Constitutions, Jesuit
2, 8–9, 84–85, 110, 187
Constitutions of Toledo
170
contemplation
7–8, 78–79, 97, 104, 180
Claudio Acquaviva on
7–8
contemplative ascetics
50–51, 152
contemplative hermits
153
contemplative Jesuits
1, 6, 9, 79, 85, 106, 216
contemplative mystics
79
contemplativus in actione
85
contests
151, 156, 163, 178
controversies, on faith and creed
2n6, 89, 95, 118n16, 127–28, 148.
nine saints
convents
2, 70.
nine saints
conversio
186
conversion
Ethiopian monks
117, 128, 167, 184, 196–97, 201–02, 207–08
Ezana’s
63n11
in Jesuit context
7n27, 9–11, 23, 186–91, 195–96, 203–04, 217
of Paulo de Santa Fe
190–94
sincerity in
207–12
Susǝnyos
199
of yogis
100, 103, 149, 167, 179, 181–82, 185, 194–95, 199, 201–04
copper
73, 98
Copts/Coptics
68, 103n35
Christianity
70, 74, 200n98
Faith, literature and identity
70
law
51
Patriarchate
2
Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum …
50n133, 63n12, 71n53, 71n57, 75n70, 82n154–n156, 161n55, 164n71, 165n79
Correia-Afonso, John The Jesuits in India
21n16, 27n40–n41, 28, 30n56, 31n57, 38n88, 40n92, 59n168
Correia, Amador
107, 113, 139, 216
Corsini, Andrea, Saint
88
Cortés, Salvador
152
cosmology
159n41
cotton
73, 75, 100
Coulào, India
26n36, 27
Councils
Chalcedon
49, 64–65, 74, 121n29, 123, 124n40, 125
Goa
29n51, 41, 113, 193, 209, 216
Malines
154
Second Vatican Council
1
Toledo
128, 170
Trent
29, 37n83, 43n109, 93, 154, 163n68
Counter-Reformation
29, 47, 97, 106, 154
Coutinho, Manuel
195.
nine saints
Covilhã, Pero de
20n12
Cranganore, India
26n36, 42
creationism
130n67
creed
14, 46, 128–29, 194, 203, 205–6, 213
cremation
173
Criminali, Antonio
27
Cronin, Vincent
Pearl to India, A
30n56, 76n73, 111n75–n76, 112n77
crucifixion
83, 200
Cuba
142n108
cults
1, 13, 43, 53, 87, 95, 113, 141–42,145, 147, 156, 172, 216
customs
2, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 38–39, 42–46, 59, 72, 81, 83, 93–94, 100–01, 111–12, 122, 135, 141–42, 147, 160
Cyriacus of Bahnasah, bishop
128–29n62
Cyril of Alexandria, Saint
123, 138
Däbrä ʿAsbo
51n136, 161n54
Däbrä Bizän
201–2, 211
Däbrä Halleluya
71n53
Däbrä Libanos, monastery
71, 174, 184, 199, 200–01
Däbrä Damo
51, 67
Dabâs
73
Däbsan, Ethiopia
35
Däbtära, Ethiopia
125n46
däbtäročč
125–27
Da Gama, Vasco
19, 21–22, 33, 40
Daman, India
25
Dämbǝya, Ethiopia
35, 208, 210
damnation
54
Damot
35, 69, 76, 197
Damão, Ethiopia
25, 29
dances
125, 166
Dänqäz, Ethiopia
35, 127
Da Silva Dias, J. S. [José Sebastião]
Os descobrimentos e la
22n22, 26n38, 179n1
Da Silva Rêgo, Antonio
2n3
Documentação para a história
28n45, 99n12, 104n36, 113n78, 120n28, 122n31, 144n118, 145n123–n124, 145n126, 146n128, 180n10, 213n150
Da Sylva, Melchior
34, 194
daughters
77, 133
Da Veiga, Manuel
Relacam geral …
63n9, 65n31, 80n88, 84n112–84n113, 88n131
Dawit I (emperor)
129n62
deacons
200
De Albergaria, Lopo Soares
19, 21n13
De Alcántara, Pedro
4n12
De Angelis, António
34
De anima (Tertullian)
130n67
De Almeida, Fortunato
História da igreja em Portugal
26n36, 27n40, 80n90, 29n50
death
42, 54, 83, 98, 151, 160, 171, 173, 191, 206
De Azevedo, Luis
34, 77n78, 78n81, 91n151
Dǝbarwa, Ethiopia
35, 202
debates, theological and religious
31, 33, 39, 83, 89, 116,117n11, 118–23, 126–29, 144, 148–49, 155, 170, 197n87, 204–06, 217
De Castro, Georgius
183
Deccan Plateau
21n17
De Granada, Luis
109
De Heredia, Antonio
181
deities, Hindu
76, 141n106, 143, 157, 173–74
De la Cruz, Estevan
38n88
De Lagos, Vicente
26n36
De la Puente, Luis
7n28
De Laval François Pyrard
24n30
De Leturia, Pedro
4
De Lima, Rodrigo
20
De Lima, Manuel
193–94
Delhi, India
25, 27, 33, 55, 99, 173
Della Valle, Pietro
61, 99, 104, 154
The Pilgrim
99n10, 99n13, 104n37, 154n21, 154n23
Del Rio, Martín Anton
155
deluge
142n108
De Mesquita, Juan
120
demons
99n14, 141, 143, 150–51, 154, 156, 159–63, 165, 167, 171, 180, 188n50
nine saints
demoniacs
150
demonic spirits
155, 158–59
demonological policy
158, 171
De Morais, Manuel
27
Denmark
30
De Nobili, Roberto
ascetic practices
111–12, 147
adaptationism and adoptism by
30, 59, 111–12
arrival in Goa
30
baḥtawis ascetic practices for
76
on Hinduism
62, 111
mortifications and
30, 59
Preaching Wisdom to the Wise
30n36, 147n136, 1148n141
on sexual abstinence
148
translations of sacred texts
38n80
De Ovalle, Alonso
32, 151–52
Histórica relación del Reyno de Chile …
32n65, 152n7–152n9
Depeçan, Ethiopia
35
De Rosales, Diego
142n108
De Salanova, João
167
De Santa Fe, Paulo
17, 190, 191n60, 193, 195
despot
128
De Sousa, Rodrigo
26n36
De Souza, João
204
De Souza, Teotónio
24n30, 25
detachment
14n50, 52, 54, 106n49
De Urreta, Luis
40, 63n8, 65, 68, 69n42
De Valencia, Martin
37
devil
14n50, 38, 102n27, 107–8, 113, 142, 143n114, 147, 152–54, 156, 158n40, 159, 160n44, 161, 172, 181, 188, 204, 207, 216
devoción calorosa
191
devotees
7, 14, 43, 46, 75, 82–83, 109, 164, 211, 216
devotion
16, 43, 46–47, 72, 79, 82–83, 87–88, 102–3, 109, 116, 148, 163, 166, 175, 181–82, 190–91, 196, 198, 203–4
devotional images
174
Dharma
56–57
Dharmasutras
57
Dhavamony
97
dialogue
56, 112, 207, 217.
nine saints
Diario espiritual (Borja)
105n45
Dias, Baltasar
20, 152n12, 193
Dias, Bartolomeu
20n12
diet
52, 59, 90, 108–09, 180, 204
dignitaries
22n22, 118, 177
Diocletian (emperor)
94
diplomats
3.
nine saints
disasters, natural
150, 151n5, 167, 168n90, 169
Discalced Carmelites
4, 8
discernir
188
discernment
24, 93, 188
discipline
10–12, 14, 29, 46, 61, 74, 78–80, 84–87, 95–96, 106, 204, 211
disease
151, 165–66, 203
disputant
122, 145
disputation
29, 115–20, 122–23, 127, 133, 144, 148, 178, 189, 204–06, 210, 217–18.
nine saints
Diu, India
25, 29, 34
Divar, islands
27
divinations
58, 154.
nine saints
diyablos
159.
nine saints
doctors
93, 156.
nine saints
Documentação para a história (Da Silva)
28n45, 99n12, 104n36, 113n78, 120n28, 122n31, 144n118, 145n123–n124, 145n126, 146n128, 180n10, 213n150
Documenta Indica (Wicki and Gomes)
61n3, 98n5–n7, 99n9, 99n13, 101n21–n22, 101n24, 102n25–n30, 103n31–n32, 103n35, 104n38, 104n40, 105n43–n44, 105n47, 107n52, 109n57, 110n70, 114n80, 120n240–n27, 140n99–n100, 141n103, 142n107, 142n110, 143n111–n114, 144n119, 147n131, 152n10–n11, 154n19–n20, 156n29–n31, 158n36–n37, 166n83–n85, 167n87–n89, 179n2–n3, 180n8–n9, 180n11–n12, 181n14, 181n16, 182n17, 182n19, 183n28–n29, 190n57–n59, 191n60, 192n67, 193n69, 193n70, 194n72–n73, 194n75, 195n77, 209n133
Dominic, Saint
188
Dominicans, order
23, 26, 30–31, 40, 63
dramatizations
28n42
dreams
88–89, 197–98.
nine saints
dressing
55, 59, 67n37.
nine saints
Ḏū Nuwās
64n25, 65n26
Duarte, Barbosa
140n102, 143n114
Dumont, Louis
56–57
Duperron, Anquetil
61
Durkheim, Émile
59, 170n101
Dutch East India Company
36
dyophysitism
49, 74, 118, 123–25
Eastern Christianity/Churches
40, 50, 65n26.
nine saints
Eastern Roman Empire
49
ǝččäge
184, 199–201
education
24, 62, 77, 116, 209
Egypt
20, 49–50, 67, 69–70, 89, 124, 136
Egyptian anchorites
50
Egyptian-Arabic Christianity
123
Egyptian Coptic Church
2, 51, 68, 70, 74,103n35, 200n98
Egyptian Eremites
103
Egyptian monasticism
51, 70
Ejercicios espirituales (Loyola)
109n60–n61, 110n64–n65, 187n46, 188n48, 188n51, 203n110–11
Ǝllä ʿAmida (emperor)
49, 63
Ǝleni, empress
19
Embassy, Portuguese
20, 42–43
Ǝmfraz
35
Ǝnäbäse
35
Ǝnbaqom
50
Encyclopaedia aethiopica (Uhlig)
24n30, 49n129, 50n133, 63n11, 65n26, 68n38, 69n43, 69n44, 71n55, 82n96, 88n129, 93n157,123n36, 125n46, 159n41, 161n54, 174n120, 175n125, 184n31, 200n101, 202n107, 210n139
Ǝnda
32
Ǝndärta
71
enforcers
158
English
36, 38n88, 39n90, 44n111, 71n55–n56
Enoch, Book of
134n82
entertainment
118n13
Ephrem
50n133
epidemics
168n90
epilepsy
160n50, 161, 162n60. See also exorcisms
epiphany
198n92
“Epistle on Obedience” (Ignatius)
85
Epistolae et instructiones (Ignatius)
86n123
Erasmus
109
eremites
51, 154, 180, 183. See also Asceticism
erotic
15n52
errors, doctrinal
45, 71n54, 74, 77, 80, 84, 87n126, 118, 122–23, 126–27, 129, 149, 151, 192, 206, 217.
nine saints
Estado da Índia
21–22.
nine saints
Esteban
162
Esteves Pereira, Francisco Maria
Chronica de Susenyos
197n86, 200n100
Ethics
14, 54, 61
Ethiopia
2, 10–13, 15–17, 19–20, 22, 24–25, 27, 29, 31–34, 36–37, 39–40, 42–44, 48–51, 53, 60, 62–74, 76–87, 89–93, 95, 113–14, 116–19, 121–23, 125–27, 132, 134–36, 138, 148–50, 155, 159, 161, 163, 165–66, 168–69, 171–72, 174–77, 182–86, 188, 195–200, 202–3, 205–8, 210–12, 214–15, 217, 219
Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
abstinence in
1, 16
admittance for monks in
84
asceticism in
49, 51, 61–95, 215
bodily mortifications in
circumcision in
43, 45, 66, 74, 198
doctrinal errors of
45, 71n54, 74, 77, 80, 84, 87n126, 118, 122–23, 126–27, 129, 149, 151, 192, 206, 217
fallacies
41, 138, 215
leviathan story in
133, 135, 138
magic in
77, 104n37, 150, 154, 156, 158, 164n69, 169n97, 170–72, 178
Orthodoxy
42–43, 45, 59, 74, 90, 116–18, 122, 140, 151, 195–96, 205, 215, 217–18
as the Other
178, 206
premature nuptials in
90, 92–93
Ethiopic synaxarium
71n55
Eucharist, sacrament of
44, 89n137, 166n82
Europe
2, 10–11, 17–19, 26, 28, 30, 33, 37, 48, 61, 63, 72, 80, 116, 163n67–n68, 189
evangelists
179
Evangelization
186
Eve
90, 132, 143
Évora, Portugal
193n71
Ewosṭatewos, Abba
65–66, 71, 75
exegesis
88, 121, 123, 131, 135–36, 138–39, 149, 217
exegetes
133, 136, 138
exercitant
4, 5
Exodus Rabbah
136
exorcisms
150–53, 155, 157–58, 160–63, 166–68, 170–2, 175, 178, 218.
nine saints
ʿEzana
63n11
fables
121, 134–36, 143
Fábula mística
9n34
fakir
54, 97–98
fallacies
41, 138, 215
fan-seng
105n46
farangis
118n16, 127–28
Farquhar, John Nicol
153
Fasilädäs (emperor)
36, 211
fasting
5, 8, 13, 44, 51, 52n137, 55, 76, 78, 80–83, 85, 87, 103, 106, 154, 182, 211
Fatehpur Sikri, India
33
fear
25, 105, 155n27
feasts
43, 107–8, 135, 139, 141
Fǝkare mäläkot
124, 125n44
Fǝremona, Ethiopia
32, 35, 162, 164, 169, 175–76, 197, 209n132
Fernandes, Andrés
120
Fernandes, António
blood and flesh of Christ
89–90, 130
creation story
133
conversion of monks
196
human soul
129, 131–32
life of the Virgin Mary
87–96, 215
Magseph Assetat, contra libellum aethiopicum
94n165, 123n35, 125, 129, 131, 133n77–n78
on moderation, obedience and modesty
90–91
on nuptials and marriage
90, 93–95
Vida da Sanctissima Virgem
87, 88n132, 89n134, 89n136, 90n140, 90n142, 90n145–n146, 91n147, 91n149, 92n152, 93n159, 94n162–n163, 94n165
on women
91–94
Fernandes Trancoso, Gonçalo
31, 38n87, 39n88, 59, 108, 113, 216
Fernandes, Sebastián
33, 98, 110, 179–80, 196
Fernandes, Urbano
6
Fernandez, Manuel
127
festivals
27n42, 44, 167
Fǝtḥa nägäšt
51, 52n137, 82
Filioque
128–29.
nine saints
Filkəsyos
50n133
Filmona
165n79
Filǝppos, Abunä
174n121
First Italian War
91
flagellation
107, 109, 205
Flanders
23, 101
Flos sanctorum
4n12, 6n27, 91
Fontenelle, Bernard
134
food
2, 5, 10, 52–53, 55, 58, 80, 82, 112, 203
fortresses
20, 26, 29, 203
fortune-telling
104n37, 170
Fota
72
fotetes
72
Foundation
35–36
France
8, 91, 125n44, 162n61
Francis of Assisi, Saint
188
Franciscans
4, 23, 26, 30–31, 37, 86, 200
Francisco, Adão
27
Francisco, Jacinto
199
freedom
36, 102, 115, 185
friars
63, 86
Fróis, Luís
on chastity
104n36
Francisco Roiz and
121, 145n123, 145n126, 146n128
Gaspar Barzeo’s expedition and
99n11
on healing through sacred rites
166
on idolatry in Malacca
152
on yogis and yogism
99, 103, 120, 180, 213, 218
funeral
135, 148
Gäbärma, Ethiopia
35
Gäbrä Mäsqäl (emperor)
67, 71, 200n98
gädälä
188n51
gädl
49–50, 188n51
gädlat
49–51
Gädlä Täklä Haymanot
161
Gʷaggʷa, Ethiopia
169, 203
Gago, Baltasar
99, 144, 179
Gälawdewos (emperor)
31–32, 118–19, 124, 127–28, 200
Galatians
148, 186n40
Galvão, Duarte
19
Gama, Cristovão
43, 44n111
gambling
89
Gandia, Spain
78
ganēn
160
Ganeta, Ethiopia
209
Ganges, river
173
Gännätä, Ethiopia
35
garb
67n37, 101, 111.
clothing
Gärima, Abba
32, 49, 64, 71
garment
73, 102.
nine saints
Geden, Alfred Shenington
54–55, 57
Gǝʿǝz
39n89, 50–51, 71n56, 83n104, 121n29, 123, 124n38, 188, 197, 200
Gentiles
26, 28, 32, 48, 100–1, 116, 120, 145, 148, 157, 167, 179, 181, 185, 189–91, 194
Geography of Strabo (Strabo)
61
Germany
150
ghosts
157.
nine saints
giant
134
girls
93, 179
Giītā, prophet
144–45, 146n30
Gli Abbati di Dabra Libānos (Cerulli)
174n120
gluttony
90
Gnostic
125n44
Goa, India
15, 18–22, 24, 26–31, 33–34, 36–38, 40–42, 63, 87n126, 98, 113, 120, 126, 139–40, 144, 149, 154, 166, 173–74, 179, 193, 209, 214, 216–18
councils in
29n51, 41, 113, 193, 209, 216
renovations by Jesuits in
166
gods
57, 99n14, 136, 141–42, 146–48, 151, 153, 157, 159, 173, 213
Goğğam, Ethiopia
34–35, 165, 201
Góis, Bento de
89
gold
18, 141n105
Gomes, John
Documenta Indica
61n3, 98n5–n7, 99n9, 99n13, 101n21–n22, 101n24, 102n25–n30, 103n31–n32, 103n35, 104n38, 104n40, 105n43–n44, 105n47, 107n52, 109n57, 110n70, 114n80, 120n240–n27, 140n99–n100, 141n103, 142n107, 142n110, 143n111–n114, 144n119, 147n131, 152n10–n11, 154n19–n20, 156n29–n31, 158n36–n37, 166n83–n85, 167n87–n89, 179n2–n3, 180n8–n9, 180n11–n12, 181n14, 181n16, 182n17, 182n19, 183n28–n29, 190n57–n59, 191n60, 192n67, 193n69, 193n70, 194n72–n73, 194n75, 195n77, 209n133
Gorgora, Ethiopia
11, 35, 40, 163, 207–8
Gospel of John
88, 129, 131, 158
Gospel of Luke
82, 162n59, 187n41
Gospel of Mark
162n59, 187n41
Gospel of Mathew
187n41 187n41
Gospels
14, 22, 26n38, 32, 44, 88n133, 94, 129, 131n72, 150, 158, 179, 205
gossain
98
Graia
65
grains
169
Granero, Jesús María
La acción misionera y los métodos misionales de San Ignacio de Loyola
2n4, 6n22, 10n38–n40, 11n42–n43, 116n7, 117n9, 181n15, 183n25–n26, 185n34
grave
173, 175–77.
nine saints
greed
10, 107, 172
Greek
61–62, 68, 145n125, 160n45, 186
Gregory XV, pope
35–36
Gregory of Nazianzen, Saint
148
Gregory of Nyssa
107n50
Gṛhastya
56
Guarima, Abba
64
Guerreiro, Fernão
126n52
Relação annual das coisas que fizeram
127n52
Gujarat, India
53n142, 140
gurus
111
Gusâînis
173
gymnosophists
61–62
habiliments
98, 111, 192.
nine saints
habits, monastic
67, 72–73, 75, 105
Habsburgs
115n1
Ḥädaša
35, 164
hagiographies
4n12, 40, 49–52, 63n11, 65–69, 71–72, 87, 92, 93n160, 95–96, 107, 160, 161n54, 164, 188n51, 215
Ethiopic synaxarium
71n55
Flos sanctorum
4n12, 6n27, 91
Life of Abba Gärima
71n56
Life of Abba Samuʾel
71
Life of Christ
7n27
Life of Gäbrä Mänfäs Qǝddus
71
Life of Täklä Haymanot
69, 71
Life of the Virgin Mary (Fernandes)
87, 88n132, 89, 89n134, 89n136, 90, 90n140, 90n142, 90n145–n146, 91n147, 91n149, 92n152, 93n159, 94n162–n163, 94n165, 95
by Wälättä Petros
92
Halbertal, Moshe
133n81, 135, 136n89, 142n109, 146, 147n135
Halbfass, Wilhelm
61
Ḥalib Dǝngǝl
182
Hamärä näfs
124–25
Ḥamasen, Eritrea
202
ḥaqäfä
137n94
hasan
92n156
Haymanotä Abäw
121n29
Ḥayq, island
51
health
5, 77, 105, 109, 151, 156, 166, 173, 203
diseases
151, 165–66, 203
healers
152, 155–57, 161, 165–66, 175
healing
158, 160–64, 167, 203–04
medicine
104–5, 156, 166
pain
48, 107, 109, 159, 163, 202–3
religious images and
89, 125, 151, 161, 163–64, 165n75
sickness
5, 78, 87, 163, 167, 175, 203
treatments
47, 157, 163n68, 164, 166
Hebrew
39n89, 137, 145n125
hǝllawe
123
Henotikon
64
Henriques, Francisco
27, 33
Henriques, Henrique
Alessandro Valignano and
107
conversion of ascetics
190, 194–95
Diego Laínez and
104, 104n40
departure to Goa
27
on exorcisms
157
Gaspar Barzeo and
113, 143, 216
hospitals founded and book on Tamil grammar
38n87–38n88
Hindu asceticism and
109
on yogis
120, 140–42 143–44, 156–58, 180–82
heresies
45, 72, 74, 81, 87, 126, 149, 212, 217
asceticism, magic, and
49, 74, 155, 177, 217 devil and 177, 217
doctrinal errors as
45, 71n54, 74, 77, 80, 84, 87n126, 118, 122–23, 126–27, 129, 149, 151, 192, 206, 217
Ethiopian Christianity as
45, 81, 87n126, 126, 140, 149, 177, 218
indiscipline and
88
Jesuit doctrine as
212
Jesuit missions against
72
of Mäzgäbä haymanot
132
Mikaʾelite form of
125n44
Nestorian and Asian
41
nine saints of Ethiopia and
63, 95
Pedro Páez on Ethiopia’s many
76
Protestantism as
150
Täklä Haymanot and
66, 69–70, 95, 215
Hereyaqos of Behensa
129
hermits
4, 57–58, 67, 75–76, 84, 103, 153, 179–80, 182, 186, 204, 208
hermitages
4, 51, 181
hermitry
3, 86
ḥǝṣan
92
Hierapolis
50n131
Himalayas
98n4
Ḥimyarite dynasty
64, 65n26
Hindu
1, 15, 21, 25, 28, 38, 40–42, 46, 48, 53–55, 57–59, 61, 97–100, 102–4, 106–9, 111–15, 121, 140–41, 143–45, 148–49, 151, 153, 157, 171, 173–74, 178, 181, 183, 190, 192, 216–17.
nine saints
Hinduism
12, 15, 38–39, 46, 53–59, 62, 73, 97–98, 110, 119, 140, 144–47, 153, 156–57, 173, 180.
yogis
asceticism in
15, 55, 106, 110
Āyurveda and healing in
156
bodily mortifications in ascetics of
5–6, 9, 14, 55, 57, 78
Brahma in
58n162, 143n114, 144n116
caste system
42n105, 55–57, 59, 70, 111, 180
Catholicism and concepts in
174
deities
76, 141n106, 143, 157, 173–74
guidelines of ascetic life in
57
Henrique Henriques on
109, 120, 140–42 143–44, 156–58, 180–82
Mahābārata
53n143, 173
mythology in
99n14, 144, 174
pagodes or temples of
41n103, 139n98, 141n105, 142,145, 167, 192
Rāmā in
143, 144n120
Rāmāyaṇa in
144n120
reincarnations in
54
Roberto De Nobili on
62, 111
Shiva in
144
Veda in
147n132
Vedāntic philosophers
144n121
Vedic traditions of
56
Vishnu in
48, 143, 144n16
Hindustan
18
Historia da Etiópia a alta (Almeida)
40, 68
Historia de Etiópia a alta (Tellez)
66n34, 68n40, 70n49, 176n128, 205n120
Historias de la Contrarreforma (Ribadeneyra)
47n121, 48n122–48n123
Histórica relación del Reyno de Chile (Ovalle)
32n65, 152n7–152n9
History of Ethiopia in the Highlands (Almeida)
40, 68
History of Ethiopia (Paez)
39, 63, 65n31, 66n32, 66n35, 70n50, 71n51, 71n53–n54, 73n62, 76n71–n72, 78n80, 80n86, 83n106, 84n113, 85n118, 117n12, 119n18–n20, 125n45, 126n52, 127n53–n54, 132n73–n74, 134n82, 135, 136n91, 138n96, 159n41, 161n56, 161n57, 168n90, 169n92, 175n123, 175n127, 176n129, 184n30, 197n90, 198n93, 200n102, 205n120, 211n141, 212n146
Holland
30
Holy Spirit
8, 24, 45, 53, 74, 89, 106, 128–29, 132–33, 143–44, 200
Holy See
2, 41, 178, 218
homelessness
56n152
“Homilies” (John Chrysostom)
88n133, 90n41
homilies
50, 88, 90, 128
honor
50, 73, 107–8, 110–11, 118, 143, 148, 187, 190, 211
honorifics
10, 53, 184
Hormuz
19–21, 25, 27, 29, 33, 100–102, 149, 181, 190–93, 217
Horn of Africa
2, 10, 16–18, 22, 23, 24n30, 31, 33–36, 39–40, 46–47, 49–50, 52, 60, 62, 72, 77, 80–81, 86–87, 89, 96, 114, 117–19, 121–22, 128, 137, 151, 160, 163, 165, 175, 177, 182–83, 201, 204–5, 209, 211–12, 214–15, 217
horses
100
hospitals
38n88, 47
hulätt akal
124
hulätt baḥrǝy
124
hulätt täbay
124
Hunan (Ḏū Nuwās)
64
husbands
93, 194, 211
Hussite heresy
150
hyena
159n41
hymns
125, 153
hypostasis
123
Iberia
174
icons
88n129, 165.
nine saints
idolatry
49, 72, 76, 113, 141–42, 144–45, 147, 151–52, 155, 172, 180, 186, 193, 216
cobras, worship of
76n72
idols
107–8, 141, 143, 145, 147, 151, 194
pagodes
41, 139, 141–42, 145, 167
Iesus, Abba
67–68
images, religious
89, 125, 151, 161, 163–64, 165n75, 174, 177, 181
imams
102
Imitatio Christi (Kempis)
4, 162
incantations
154.
nine saints
incarnation
Sannyasa as
1, 54
dyophysitism
74, 118, 121, 123, 125
of Vishnu
143
India
1–2, 9–11, 14–31, 33–38, 40–42, 48, 53, 55, 59–62, 71, 73, 76, 78, 89, 97–104, 108, 111–13, 116–17, 119, 123, 139–44, 147, 152–53, 155–58, 170, 173, 177, 182–85, 191, 216–1
Indies
6, 9–10, 17–18, 20n12, 22, 27
indoctrination
193–94. See also de Santa Fe, Paulo
Indonesia
19
Indus, valley
53n141
Inquisition
25, 193n71
Instructio
101, 141
“Instruction to Father Barzeo …” (Xavier)
27n39, 101n19
intellectualism
4n16
intercession, of saints
163n68
intercourse, sexual
51n136.
abstinence
iogues
97n4.
nine saints
Irenaeus of Lyon, Saint
90n144
Isaiah, prophet
151n6
Išʿodad of Merv
130n68
Islam
14, 18–19, 69, 140n102, 157n34, 196, 211
Israel
137
Italy
91, 125n44
Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo (Lobo)
40n94, 45n116, 70n49, 76n74, 81n93, 82n102, 83n103, 122n32, 156n28, 169n96, 171n104, 172n105–n109
Iyäsus Moʾa
51, 67.
Täklä Haymanot
Jacobites
103n35
Jaffna, kingdom of
144
Jaffnapatao, port
108
Jain
53n143
Jainism
46
Japan
27, 30, 37n84, 99n11, 101, 105n46
Jardiel
21
jaugism
152
Jerome, Saint
86, 93, 131n72, 138, 148, 151n6
Commentary on the Galatians
148n139
Jerusalem
68–69, 125
Jerūn, isle of
100–102.
nine saints
Jesuits
abnegation and
15, 80, 85, 110
abstinence and
1, 5, 8, 13, 16, 81–82, 90, 104, 106, 112, 148, 179, 216
Adam, argument about soul of
129–30, 132, 143
adaptationism
4, 30, 60, 170
adoption methods of
1, 23, 25, 27, 29, 32, 34, 77, 104n37, 110–11, 118, 184, 211
alumbrados and
4, 6–7
ambivalence to Ethiopian Christianity
1–2, 16, 47, 72, 115
ambivalence to Indian asceticism
16, 72, 113, 115, 158, 167, 215–16
anchoritism for
10, 49
annual letters
36, 126–27, 184, 199
apostolic term for
5, 7, 9, 26, 35, 85–86, 96, 101, 106, 110, 112, 215–16
Atquo, Abba and
207
banishment from Ethiopia
37, 95
blood and flesh of Christ for
89–90, 130
on bodies
54, 99n14, 107, 109, 130, 152n8
church militant for
31, 106, 112, 136n90, 216
confrontation with Ethiopian orthodoxy
39, 96, 197, 213, 215, 218
Constitutions
2, 8–9, 84–85, 110, 187
contemplation and Jesuits
1, 6, 9, 79, 85, 106, 216
contemplativus in actione
85
controversies, on faith and creed
2n6, 89, 95, 118n16, 127–28, 148
conversion and
7n27, 9–11, 23, 186–91, 195–96, 203–04, 217
curriculum of
4, 187
debates, theological and religious
31, 33, 39, 43, 74–75, 83, 89, 116,117n11, 118–23, 126–29, 131–33, 144, 148–49, 155, 170, 197n87, 200–01, 204–06, 217
detachment for
14n50, 52, 54, 106n49
discernment and
24, 188
disputation and
29, 115–20, 122–23, 127, 133, 144, 148, 178, 189, 204–06, 210, 217–18
dramatizations and
28n42
dyophysite doctrine and
49, 123, 125
ethnocentric biases of
112, 134
errors and, doctrinal
45, 71n54, 74, 77, 80, 84, 87n126, 118, 122–23, 126–27, 129, 149, 151, 192, 206, 217
exorcisms and
150–53, 155, 157–58, 160–63, 166–68, 170–2, 175, 178, 218.
nine saints
on fake Catholics
209–12
guidelines for converting yogis
193
guidelines in Jesuit Constitution
110, 187
guidelines for Muslims and Jews
24
guidelines of Tridentine council
29
healing for
158, 160, 164, 203–04
Marian devotion and
87, 95–96, 216
Mäzgäbä haymanot and
124n40, 132
missions
1–3, 9–11, 15, 17–18, 20, 23, 25, 30–32, 35–37n84, 63, 72, 107, 111, 186, 204
on moderation
48, 79, 90, 109n61
Protestants and
150
reduction, in evangelization
128, 189
Susǝnyos (Negus) and
34–36, 119, 122, 134, 136, 138, 186, 199–202, 204–5, 207
repression of Orthodoxy and
202, 205, 207
residences
3, 11, 24, 32, 35, 110, 126, 181, 197, 199
theological debates and
128–29, 206
vow of chastity for
85
on witchcraft and exorcisms
160, 162–63, 204
yogis and
61n2, 98–100, 103–4, 109, 113, 120–23, 143–44, 156, 158, 180, 190–91, 193, 216
Jesuits in India (Correia-Afonso)
21n16, 27n40–n41, 28, 30n56, 31n57, 38n88, 40n92, 59n168
Jews
24, 45, 100–102, 135, 139–40, 193n71, 209
Joannî, Abba
68
João III (king)
17, 20n12, 117
João IV (king)
36
Joges. see jogues
jogues
97, 104–5, 140, 194–95.
nine saints
jogī. see jogues
John of Albuquerque
26
John Chrysostom
88
“Homilies”
88n133, 90n41
John of the Cross, Saint
8
Joseph, Saint
93, 137n95
Judaism
14, 74, 136, 139
Julian the Apostate
148
justice
14, 122
Justinian (emperor)
64–65
kabbalah
107n49
Kabä Krǝstos
177
Kaleb (king)
63–65, 67, 69. See also Täklä Haymanot
Kalki
144n120
kāma
99n14
Kannur, India
20n12
Kapferer, Bruce
166
Kaplan, Steven
51n136, 68n38, 68n41, 82n96, 8888n129, 93n156, 125n46, 155n24, 165n80, 166n82, 171n102, 185n36, 188n51
The Monastic Holy Man
50, 51n134
karma
54
kätäma
169
Kempis, Thomas
Imitatio Christi
4, 162
Kerala, india
21
keśin
153n14.
nine saints
Kodungallur, India
26n36
Kollam, India
27
Koran. see Quran
Krista Purana (Stephens)
38n88
Krǝstos Śämra, Saint
93
Kṛṣṇa
144n120
Kūrma
144n120
Lach, Donald
140, 185
Asia in the Making of Europe
2n4, 26n37, 28n48, 33n66, 62n5, 140n102, 143n114, 183n27, 185n35
India in the Eyes of Europe
19n7
Laínez, Diego
104–6, 109n61, 120, 127
laity
60, 198n92
Lalibäla
69
Lamego, Portugal
193
Lancillotto, Nicolò
11, 27, 103–4, 146–47, 152, 182, 185
Latin America
18
Latin rite
23n23, 28, 34–36, 43, 60, 167, 175, 179, 182–83, 186, 190, 194, 196–98, 202, 204–10, 212–13, 217–19
Law of the Kings. see Fǝtḥa nägäšt
Laws of Manu
57n158–n160, 58
laymen
43, 60, 73
Le Jeune, Paul
155n26
learning
31, 37, 39, 77, 100, 115–16, 148, 154.
nine saints
leather
73, 108, 111
Lǝbnä Dǝngǝl (emperor)
50, 118, 200
Legenda dourada, La (Voragine)
4n12
legends
121, 133, 136, 139, 142, 163
legeōn
160n45
lēgēwon
160n45
legio
160n45
Le Jeune, Paul
155n26
Lent
5, 52, 76, 80, 82
Leo X, pope
22n22
Lettere annue di Ethiopia (Páez)
44n115, 182n20, 184n33
Letters of Saint Catherine of Siena, The
4
leviathan, story of
133, 135, 138
libations
57
Licanos, Abba
64
Life of Abba Gärima (Barradas)
71n56
Life of Abba Samuʾel
71
Life of Christ
7n27
Life of Gäbrä Mänfäs Qǝddus
71
Life of Täklä Haymanot (Almeida)
69, 71
Life of the Virgin Mary (Fernandes)
87, 88n132, 89, 89n134, 89n136, 90, 90n140, 90n142, 90n145–n146, 91n147, 91n149, 92n152, 93n159, 94n162–n163, 94n165, 95
Lima, Peru
18
Lippomano, Luigi
93–94
Sanctorum priscorum patrum vitae
93, 94n162
Liqanos, Abba
64n20
Liqä Nǝguś, Ethiopia
35
Lisbon, Portugal
6, 17, 19, 35n77, 94, 108, 193n71
litanies, prayer
168, 170
literacy
122n32
literature
Coptic
70
edifying
93
Ethiopian
49, 74, 85, 92, 125n46
hagiographic
72, 83, 85
Hindu
121
Jesuit
2, 54, 99, 161, 210
on Jesuit missions
15
local traditional
39
mystical/spiritual
4
patristic
130n67
Persian religious
134n82
vernacular Indian
38n88
“Littérature éthiopienne …” (Cerulli)
123n36–n37
Lobo, Jerónimo
40, 44–45, 70, 76, 81–83, 122, 155, 156n28, 169, 171–72
Itinerário of Jerónimo Lobo
40n94, 45n116, 70n49, 76n74, 81n93, 82n102, 83n103, 122n32, 156n28, 169n96, 171n104, 172n105–n109
locusts
167–69, 171, 176
Lopes de Castanheda, Fernão
139n98, 143n114, 195
História do descobrimento …
97n4, 139n98
Lopes Sequeira, Diogo
21n13
López, Francisco
127
lore
49, 157n35, 160, 186n39, 213
love
47, 80, 86–87, 95, 100, 103, 113, 120, 217
Loyola, Ignatius de, Saint
2–11 17–24, 26, 31, 47, 61, 78–79, 85–87, 100–101, 103–4, 109–10, 115, 117, 141–44, 146–47, 152–53, 156, 158, 163–65, 180–82, 187–88, 190–92, 194, 196, 202–3
abnegation and
85, 110
abstinence and mortification for
5–6, 47, 78, 109
on angels
85
Autobiografía y Diario espiritual
87n127, 187n43–n45, 187n48, 188n48, 188n49, 191, 203n113
conversion process passed down by
187, 196
on dealing with ecclesiastics
26
Epistolae et instructiones
86n123
“Epistle on Obedience”
85
evangelization of sinners
187
Jesuit missionary asceticism of
9–10
Joao III and
13
in Manresa, Spain
7n27, 109n61, 153
Monumenta Ignatiana
163n67, 191n63
Rules for the discernment of spirits
188
on selection of candidates for Missions
23
on spiritual discernment
24
Spiritual Exercises
103, 105, 109–10, 146n130, 187n46, 188, 203n110–11
transformation and struggles
187–88
Virgin Mary’s role in conversion of
87
lust
14n50, 99n14, 101
Macarius, Saint
67, 73
Maceru
143n114
machis
152n8
Madras, India
25, 36
Madura, India
21–22, 25, 30
Madurai
21n18, 111
Maffei, Giovanni Pietro Maffeii
61, 183
mäggabi
51n136
magi
142
magic
77, 104n37, 150, 154, 156, 158, 164n69, 169n97, 170–72, 178.
spells and sorcery
incantations
154
magicians
49, 77, 151, 153, 159–60, 169n97, 170
spells
104n37, 162–63, 169
Magseph Assetat, contra libellum aethiopicum (Fernandes)
94n165, 123n35, 125, 129, 131, 133n77–n78
mahamêr
32
Maheshvara
143n114
Mahābārata
53n143, 173
Making of an Enterprise, The (Alden)
2n5, 23n24, 24n29, 31n58, 33n68, 100n17
Malabar
21, 23, 25, 33, 36–37, 53n142, 140n102
Malacca
19–21, 25, 29n51, 37, 152, 194
Malay
140
Malaysia
19
Maldives, islands
24n30
Maldonado, Juan
150, 155
Malines, council of
154
Mälkǝʾa Krǝstos
210
Malpan, Varghese
146n130
Maluco. see Maluku
Maluku, islands
19, 27
mamhǝr
32n62, 184n30
Mamluks
48
mandarin
111
Mangalore, India
183
Mannar, island
25
Manresa, Spain
7n27, 109n61, 153
mantles
73n62.
nine saints
manufacturing
55
manuscripts
50, 52, 71, 124–25
Mapuche, healers
152n8
mäqzay
160
Maraba, Ethiopia
35
Märäta, Ethiopia
71n53
Marathi
38n88
Marcos, monk
196
Margao, India
21, 27
Märha Krǝstos
165
Märkä, Abba
205
marketplace
75
Maronites
103n35
marriages
43, 51, 55, 90–95
António Fernandes on
90, 93, 95
Canon law on
93
celestial
51
Life of the Virgin on
90–95
Magseph assetat on
94
premature
90, 92–93
of secular clergy
51, 94–95
Martinengo, Jerónimo, abbot
5
Märs amin
125, 130–31
martyrdom
86, 94, 101n23
martyrs
50, 210
Mary, Blessed Virgin
António Fernandes on
87–96, 215
as asceticism’s model
87, 95
belief in Ethiopia
44n114, 87, 95–96, 132, 177
belief in India
53n142, 103, 143n114
devotion in Catholicism
87–88, 95–96
cult of
87n129
Ignatius’ conversion and
87, 187
Jesuits and
87–90, 95–96, 133, 165 177, 204, 215–16
Life of the Virgin Mary (Fernandes)
87, 88n132, 89, 89n134, 89n136, 90, 90n140, 90n142, 90n145–n146, 91n147, 91n149, 92n152, 93n159, 94n162–n163, 94n165, 95
Marḥa Krǝstos
164
mäsä’eb
160
Mascal Moâ, Abba
67–68
Mäşḩafä bǝrhan
76n75, 77n75
Mäṣḥǝftä mänäkosat
50n133
Mäshetä lǝbbuna
124
Massawa, Eritrea
202
Masses
36, 122n33
Mateus the Armenian
19
Matewos, Abunä
The Mystery of the Trinity
130n67
Matolomê (king)
69
Matsya
144n120
Mattos Diogo de
88
Mäzgäbä haymanot
124, 127n54, 128–30, 132
meat
112
Mecca
100
medicine
150–77.
healing
Āyurveda
156
doctors
93, 156
Hindu
156–57
Muslim
157
sacred rites as
166
treatments
47, 157, 163n68, 164, 166
Jogues
104–5
meditation
15, 79, 104, 106
Mediterranean
20, 49
mêmeher
184
Mendes, Afonso
as Catholic Patriarch
35–36, 40, 87, 94
conversion of monks
208
Ethiopian asceticism for
62–64, 73, 84, 86, 95, 184, 211, 215
on Filioque argument
129n65
Jesuit College, Goa
24n30
on King Kaleb
64–65
on Oviedo’s legacy
176–77
on Täklä Haymanot
65, 67–68, 70, 210
on witchcraft
160
women of Ethiopia
94
mendicants
4, 6, 13, 30, 35, 53–54, 97–98, 153
Mendoza, Francisco de (cardinal)
10
Mǝnilǝk (king)
125
Meneses, Aleixo de
42
Meneses, Duarte de
21n13
merchants
20n12, 27
Mercurian, Everard
7
Mérida, Mexico
18
Meṣraha, island
210
metanoia
186
México
8, 12, 18, 20, 37, 142, 161, 164, 170
Middle Ages
4, 43n109, 70, 136, 162
Midrash
136–38
Minas (emperor)
34, 196
miracles
58, 66, 71, 115, 138, 150, 153n14, 161, 166–67, 170–71, 173, 175n126, 176, 178, 204.
nine saints
Miron, Diego
114
Mirror of understanding
124
missionaries. see Jesuits
missions
1–3, 9–11, 15, 17–18, 20, 23, 25, 30–32, 35–37n84, 63, 72, 107, 111, 186, 204
Mohammedans
53.
nine saints
Moluccas
25, 27, 36–37
monasteries
32, 44, 49–51, 63–64, 66–67, 71, 73n62, 75–78, 81, 83, 86, 92, 129, 174–75, 183–84, 198–201, 208–11
Monastic Holy Man … (Kaplan)
50, 51n134
monasticism
11, 15, 31, 44, 49–52, 62–64, 66, 70, 80, 85–87, 96, 103, 174, 215
abstinence and
1, 5, 8, 13, 16, 51–52, 76, 81–82, 90, 102, 104, 106–7, 112, 148, 179, 216
cenobitic
13–14
Egyptian
51, 70
eremitic
51, 154, 180, 183
Ethiopian
31, 44, 49–52, 62–64, 66, 85, 96, 174
fasting
5, 8, 13, 44, 51, 52n137, 55, 76, 78, 80–83, 85, 87, 103, 106, 154, 182, 211
mortifications
30, 49, 107n50, 110
prostrations
52
monks, Ethiopian
1–2, 11, 13–14, 16, 35–36, 50–53, 60, 64–65, 67–78, 80, 83–88, 96, 107, 116–19, 121–24, 126–29, 131, 133–35, 139, 149, 151, 156, 158, 160–62, 167, 171–72, 178, 183–84, 186, 196–202, 204–13, 215, 217–18
admittance of
84
Almeida, Manuel de on
186, 197, 206, 209, 211
Catholicism and
84, 197–99, 206, 208, 211–12, 218
clothing
52, 58, 72, 73–74
cohabitation with nuns
51n136
conversion of
186–96
clerical Matrimony and mortification among
95
dietary restrictions
43, 45, 52, 74, 198n91
habits worn by
67, 72–73, 75, 105
mortification and
52
monophysites
64, 123
monophysitism
64, 124n40
monotheism
141n106
monsoon
57
monsters, sea
133–34.
nine saints
Montserrat, Antonio de
4, 33
Monumenta Ignatiana (Loyola)
163n67, 191n63
Monumenta Xavieriana (Xavier)
141n104
monuments
174
Moors
100–1, 108, 120, 139–40, 141n105, 167–69, 180, 185, 193, 209
mooti
69n43
morality
116
mortification
Andrés de Oviedo and
78
Askesis and
13n50
Catholic Reformation and
3–4, 97
clerical Matrimony in Ethiopia and
95
Ethiopian monasticism and
52
Everard Mercurian on
7n27
Francis Xavier on Missions and
11
Hindu forms of
55n148
Ignatius of Loyola on
5–6
Jesuit Constitutions on
110
Jesuit reaction to Ethiopian and Indian form of
49
Jesuits on moderate form of
48–49
Pedro de Ribadeneyra on
47, 49
Roberto de Nobili and
30, 59
Sebastián Fernandes on
110
Syrian monks and Christian
107n50
Yogis and
104
Moses
130
mosques
28, 141n105
Motä Lomi. see Matolomê
motä
69n43
Motälami. see Matolomê
Motälome. see Matolomê
Motälämi. see Matolomê
mourning
99n13, 171
Mozambique
22, 25
Mughal
25, 27, 33n68, 103n35, 179
Mugär, Ethiopia
161
mullahs
29, 119
muni
153n14.
nine saints
music
27n42, 172
Muslims
18, 20n12, 21, 24, 29, 32–33, 38, 43, 48, 69–70, 97n3, 98n4, 102, 140, 147, 157, 169, 172, 193, 211
Mylapore, India
41
Mystery of the Trinity (Matewos)
130n67
mystics
7, 109
myth
40, 135, 136n89–n90, 139, 142
Nadal, Jerónimo
3, 4n16, 6, 86, 116
Nadel, monk
211
Näfaša, Ethiopia
35
Nagasaki, Japan
20, 99n11
naires
27
Naples, Italy
20, 163n68
Narasiṃha
144n120
Navarrete, Spain
6
navel of universe
173n11
navy
19–20
Nağrān, Arabia
65
Nephilim
133–34
Nestorian heresy
41
Nestorians
103n35
New Testament
132, 138, 145n125, 162
Nǝwayä Mäsqäl
124n41
Nicaragua
142n108
Niceno-Constantinopolitan creed
128
Nieremberg, Juan Eusebio
Varones ilustres de la Compañía de Jesús
38n88, 101n20, 101n23, 104n40
Nile
19, 70
nine saints
49, 63–65, 67, 70, 95, 215
Adimata
64
Afe (Afṣe)
64
Alefi
64
Arägawi, Zämika ʾel
49, 64–65, 67–68
Guarima
64
Licanos
64
Oz
64
Pänṭälewon
49, 64–65, 68
Sahami
64
Nineveh
50n132
nobility
34, 84
nobles
195
novices
4–5, 79, 108, 110, 189, 191–95, 198, 202, 209–10
novitiates
24, 97, 195, 212
Nunes, Baltasar
27
Nunes Barreto, João
10, 24, 113n79, 117, 167
Nunes Barreto, Melchior
113, 180, 217
nuns
51n136, 52
nuptials. see marriages
nutmeg
36
obedience
5, 8, 44, 83–85, 88, 90, 96, 100, 102, 110, 189, 208, 215
occult
158.
nine saints
ochre
111
oil
78, 163, 167
Old Testament
22, 74–75, 132, 139, 145
Oliveira, Aurélio
Cartas de Etiópia
34n72, 40n96, 71n56, 151n4, 169n95, 205n119, 209n135
Olmedo, Spain
39n89
Om
157n34
Onesicritus
61
Oporto, Portugal
193n71
oracles
78, 177, 217
Ormuz. see Hormuz
Oromo
176–77, 201
orphans
24
Orthodoxy
42–43, 45, 59, 74, 90, 116–18, 122, 140, 151, 195–96, 205, 215, 217–18
Ottomans
34
ouisia
124n38
Oviedo, Andrés de appointment to Ethiopia
10, 23, 117
Confessio fide... and
31
death of
34
on doctrinal errors of Ethiopians
126
Gälawdewos and
31, 127
Ignatius Loyola on
78–79
Páez and Almeida on
78–80
Jesuit chastity and
85n118
veneration after death
175–77
Oz, Abba
64
Oṣ, Abba
64n22
Pachomius, Saint
49, 67, 73
Padroado/ Regio Padroado
17, 26, 42n106
Páez, Gaspar
Carta anua de Ethiopia
11n44, 182n22, 199n96, 202n109, 203n114, 208m129
Lettere annue di Ethiopia
44n115, 182n20, 184n33
on witchcraft
171
Páez, Pedro
biography of
39n89
story of leviathan for
133, 138
The History of Ethiopia
39, 63, 65n31, 66n32, 66n35, 70n50, 71n51, 71n53–n54, 73n62, 76n71–n72, 78n80, 80n86, 83n106, 84n113, 85n118, 117n12, 119n18–n20, 125n45, 126n52, 127n53–n54, 132n73–n74, 134n82, 135, 136n91, 138n96, 159n41, 161n56, 161n57, 168n90, 169n92, 175n123, 175n127, 176n129, 184n30, 197n90, 198n93, 200n102, 205n120, 211n141, 212n146
works of
39n90
paganism
160, 187.
Hinduism
Catholic church and
150
Cecilia of Rome and
94
customs of
147
Damot’s pagan character
69
devotions and nature worship
43
non-Abrahamic religions and
14
pagan myths
135, 136n90
pagan gods as demons in
141n106
pagans
26, 29, 51, 186
pagodes
41n103, 139n98, 141n105, 142,145, 167, 192
pagodes. see under paganism
painting, religious
91
Paiva, Afonso de
20n12
palace
125
Pänṭälewon, Abba
49, 64–65, 68
pantheism
146
pantheon
66
paradise
141, 143n114
Paravas
30
Paraśurāma
144n120
paru
137
paterfamiliases
55
patriarch. see specific patriarch
Paul the Apostle, Saint
76–77, 186, 187n48, 193
peacock
153
Pearl Fishery Coast
25
Pearl to India, A (Cronin)
30n56, 76n73, 111n75–n76, 112n77
pearl
123n37
Pedro, young monk
196
penance
7, 13n50, 48, 58, 66, 76, 78, 84, 87, 99n13, 107, 109n61, 110–12, 153, 168, 182–83, 211–12
pepper
37
Perez, Francisco
194–95
persecutions
64
Persia
101n23
Persian Gulf
20, 100
Peru
38
Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
137
Pesqueira
29–30, 107
Peter, Saint
36, 38n88, 119
Peter the Venerable
136n90
Petrus, Saint
119, 162, 197
Pharaoh
159
Pharisees
197
Philip III/IV
21n13
philosophy
61, 98, 103, 158
Philoxenus of Mabbug
50
Physician
6, 103n35, 105, 109n63, 152
physis
123, 124n28
pictures, religious
143, 157
piety
81–82, 173, 182
Pilgrim, The (Della Valle)
99n10, 99n13, 104n37, 154n21, 154n23
pilgrimage
98, 172, 173n12, 175–77, 200
pilgrims
100, 175–77
pioneers
41, 61, 97, 103
piousness
2, 109
Pires, Tomé
53, 140n102
plague
167–68, 176
plants
147
Platonic theology
85
pleasures
57, 59, 98, 188
poem
38n88, 146, 173
poison
159
Polanco, Juan Alfonso de
158
policy
anti-Hindu
26
conversion policy
23
demonological
158
baḥǝr nägaš in
202
politics
12n45, 51, 199
Ponicale, India
120
pope
3, 22, 35, 45, 81, 85, 96, 215.
specific popes
portrait, religious
80, 98–99, 200
Portugal
2, 4, 6, 8, 17–24, 26–27, 29, 32, 35n77, 36–37, 41, 43n109, 80, 96, 113, 117, 152n12, 160, 191, 194, 196, 215, 217–18
Portuguese Seaborne Empire (Boxer)
31n59, 37n81, 40n98, 48n124
possession, spiritual
157, 161. See also exorcisms
poverty
9, 13n50, 34, 83, 85–86, 102, 103n35, 104, 106, 110, 112, 191, 208
prayer
4, 6–8, 13n50, 15, 23, 28, 52–54, 64, 73, 76, 80, 84, 87, 105, 154, 157n34, 160–61, 163, 170, 172–73, 176, 182
preachers
25, 32, 101, 128
Preaching Wisdom to the Wise (De Nobili)
30n36, 147n136, 1148n141
Prester John
Francisco Álvares on
43n110, 52n139, 122n32
Dom João II on
20
Jesuits quest to find
27
Kingdom of
18, 22
Vasco da Gama’s error on
48
Prester John of the Indies (Álvares)
43n110, 52n139, 122n32
pride
110–11, 113, 204, 216
printing press
24n30
prison
98
prisoners
39n89, 87, 207
processions
27, 143n114
professed
3, 24, 185
Propaganda Fide
35–36
prostrations
26, 52, 88
Protestantism
60, 150
asceticism in
12n47
Catholic evangelization and
86n125
devotion to Mary in
87
pagan view of Catholicism in
150
Protestant Reformation
43n109, 155, 189n53
Protestant Reformation
43n109, 155, 189n53
Provincial, Jesuit
23, 25, 41, 63, 104–5, 113, 209, 217
Príncipe, São Tomé and Príncipe
36
Psalms, Book of
77, 132, 135
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
85
pulpit
24
Punicale, India
38n88
punishments
84, 109n60, 160, 172, 186, 193, 205, 207–9
Puranas, Hindu
38n88
Puritan concepts
11n45, 12n45
pyramid
115
Pérez, Francisco
194–95
Qaḥqǝḥä, Ethiopia
35
Qʷälläla, Ethiopia
35
qämis
73
Qerǝllos, Abunä
68
Qǝbʿat
75n70
qinat
73n62
qob
73n62
Quietism
60.
nine saints
Quran
33, 157n34
Quíloa
22
rabbis
102
Rachol, India
38
Rajadell, Teresa
5
rajas
21
Rāmā
143, 144n120
Rāmāyaṇa
144n120
rapture
107n49
Ras
208, 210.
nine saints
Rāvaṇa
143
recluse
204, 208.
nine saints
recruits
97, 209, 218
Red Sea
19, 39n89, 164n74, 202
reducción
189
reducir
189
reduction
128, 189
redução
189
Reformation
Catholic
3–4, 9, 12n45, 154
Protestant
43n109, 155, 189n53
Regio Padroado
26
reincarnations
54
Relacam geral do estado da Christiandade de Ethiopia (Da Veiga)
63n9, 65n31, 80n88, 84n112–84n113, 88n131
Relação annual … (Guerreiro)
127n52
relics
77, 98, 163–66, 174–77, 180
reliquaries
161, 163
religiosity
16, 46–47, 102, 146, 148, 174
religious orders
1–4, 6, 13, 23, 30–31, 35n77, 60, 65, 103, 183, 211
Renaissance
17
renunciants
1, 53, 55–56, 59, 98, 100, 102, 103n35, 104, 106–8, 111–14, 147, 179–80, 183, 193–95, 215–18
renunciation
12n45, 13n50, 47, 53n143, 55–56, 97, 111
Rerum Aethiopicarum scriptores occidentales (Beccari)
32n63, 39n90, 40n91–93, 40n95, 44n114, 64n13, 64n23–n24, 65n27, 68n39, 69n42, 69n45, 71n52, 71n56, 73n60, 73n64, , 77n76, 77n79, 78n81, 79n82, 79n84–85, 80n87, 81n92, 83n107, 83n109, 86n120–n122, 87n129, 88n130, 116n2, 117n10, 118n15, 119n17, 119n20–n23, 122n33, 126n48, 127n54, 128n56–n57, 129n65, 159n42, 160n52, 162n62–n63, 163n64, 164n70, 164n72–n75, 165n75–n78, 169n94, 175n124, 175n126, 176n130–n132, 177n133–n136, 182n23–n24, 186n37, 196n80–n83, 197n84–n85, 197n87, 199n94–n95, 199n97, 201n103, 201n106, 203n112, 203n115, 204n117, 206n118, 206n122–n124, 207n126–n128, 209n133–n134, 210n137–n138, 211n140, 211n142, 212n144–n145
residences Jesuit
3, 11, 24, 32, 35, 110, 126, 181, 197, 199
resurrection
52, 135
revelations
6, 78, 154
revolution
17, 125n44
Ṛg Veda Saṃhitā
153n14
Rhodes
20n12
Ribadeneyra, Pedro de
47, 49
Historias de la Contrarreforma
47n121, 48n122–48n123
Ricci, Matteo
111
rice
10, 59, 112
rites
of ancestors
44
baptism
143n114, 195
Ethiopian church
74, 123
Ethio-Latin
175
of idolatry
147
Latin rite
23n23, 28, 34–36, 43, 60, 62n6, 76, 86, 162, 167, 175, 179, 182–83, 186, 190, 194, 196–98, 202, 204–10, 212–13, 217–19
shamanic
152
rituals
28, 38, 42, 44–45, 48, 56, 66, 74, 139, 147, 155n27, 166, 171, 178, 195, 198n91, 218
Rodrigues, Gonzalo
126
Rodrigues, Simão
116–17
Roiz, Francisco
121, 144–46. See also Bhagavadgītā
Rome
20, 26n37, 29–31, 34, 35n77, 36, 42, 44, 70, 94, 115n1, 127, 163, 191, 197, 199, 201, 205, 210, 218
Ros, Francisco
30, 42
Rosweyde, Heribert
93n160
Rules for the discernment of spirits (Loyola)
188
Rum
64–65, 70
Saba, John
50
Sabbath
43, 45, 74, 76n75, 77, 133, 197, 198n91
sacraments
44–45, 72, 81, 136, 139, 150, 165–66, 195
Sacred Canopy (Berger)
212n147, 214n153
Social Construction of Reality (Berger)
206n125, 213n152
Social Reality of Religion (Berger)
145n126
Ṣadǝqan
63
sādh
53n143
sädänat
160
Sādhu
53n143, 55, 97n4, 98n4, 153.
yogis
Şadqan
63n11
saffron
59
Saint Thomas Christians
21, 41–42
sages
53n143, 57n159, 118n16, 126–27, 134n82, 136–37, 195
Ṣägga Krǝstos
125n44
Sah, Adil (sultan of Bijapur)
21
Sahami, Abba
64
Saint Mark Church
68
Śaiva
98n4
Salá, Ramón
33n68
Salcete, India
28, 33
salt
78
Salvador Bahia, Brazil
18
Samâdhi
173
šaman
151n5
saṁyama
58
Samnyāsa
56n152
Saṃnyāsīs
59, 147
samsara
54–55
samurai
191n60
Samuʾel, Abba
129
Samuʾel, Abunä
71
Sanctorum priscorum patrum vitae (Lippomano)
93, 94n162
sandalwood
144n118
sannyasa
1
sannyasi
1
Sanskrit
30, 39n88, 53n143–n144, 97n3, 173
Sanyāsi
98n4, 111
sanyāsis
97n4
Sãó Tomé de Meliapore
25, 27
ṡaraṣa
137n94
Sarka, India
35
Śärṣä Dǝngǝl (emperor)
34, 196
Šärṣä Krǝstos
125n44
Satan
7n27, 114, 120, 141n106, 143, 152n8, 154, 155n26, 159, 162–63, 178.
nine saints
Sathya Sāī Bābā
157n33
Šäwa, Ethiopia
66, 69, 174, 184
Säwänä näfs
124
Savages
178
Sax, William
156–57
Säyfä Arʾad
71n53
säytan
159
schema
68
Schism of 1054
128
Schmitt, Charles
158
Scholasticism
121
schools
12, 29, 59, 67, 94, 139, 144n120, 181, 194, 213
science
122, 152
scorpion
137
scriptures
38, 46, 55n148, 74–75, 86, 117n12, 125, 128, 131, 134, 146, 149–50, 159, 200, 218
Scritti teologici etiopici dei secoli XVI–XVII (Cerulli)
75n69, 82n97, 83n104, 83n105, 89n139, 123n33, 124n38, 124n40–n43, 125n44, 127n54, 129n62, 129n64, 130n67, 130n69–31n70, 132n75–33n76, 174n120–n121
sects
120, 139n98, 193
Sǝʿǝlä Krǝstos
34, 204, 208, 210, 212
Ṣǝḥma, Abba
64n18
Sein
14n50
seminarian
162–63
seminary
26n36
Semitic
137
Sǝmʿon, Abunä
200, 210
senses
14, 48, 56, 106, 141, 145
sensuality
104, 141n106
Septuagint
135n85
sepulcher
175
Sequeira, Lopes
21n13
serämo
160
šereṣ
137
sermons
44, 81, 116, 126, 150, 204, 206
servant
102
Seth
130, 134
Seuse Heinrich
7
sex
12n45
sexes
91
śǝyyum
83n108
Shah
22
Shamanism
151
shaman
151n5, 155n26
shamanic culture
155
shamanic rite
152
Sheol
132
sheraẓim
137
shereẓ
137
Shinto
105n46
Shintoism
46
Shiva
144
Shoa
174
shoes
48, 111
shrines
28, 167, 172–74, 175n26, 176–77
Siau island
19
Siberia
151n5
Sicily
5
silence
6n25, 55n148, 76–77
silk
72, 75, 100, 111, 153
Silondis
129
silver
73
Simon the Magician
152, 159, 170
Sind
100
sins
52n137, 54, 82, 90, 93, 100–1, 108, 110, 142n108, 168, 180–81, 187–88, 191–92, 195, 200, 203, 211
sisters
51n136
Sītā
143
Śiva
53n141, 98n4, 99n14
siʾol
132
skema
68n38
slaves
90, 185
sleep
52, 55n148, 57, 109n63
Smith, William Cantwell
147
snakes
165
Society of Jesus. see Jesuits
Sodom
101
Sofala, Mozambique
22
soldiers
22, 89, 101, 113, 207
Solomon (king)
125
Solomonic dynasty
50–51, 67–69
Soma
57
“Some Considerations …” (Alden)
25n33, 37n82
sophists
61n4
Sophronius, Saint
68
sorcery
151–52, 156n27, 167, 171–72.
magic
sorcerers
76n72, 113, 151–53, 155, 156n27, 157, 159, 169, 178, 216
Sorokin, Pitirim
14n50
soul
14n50, 50n132, 52, 80, 82–83, 86, 104n37, 105, 124, 129, 130, 131n72, 132–33, 143n113, 161, 164, 166, 187–88, 195–96, 203
Spain
38, 39n89, 75, 162n61, 168n90
spells
104n37, 162–63, 169.
nine saints
spice trade
18, 20n12, 27, 31
cinnamon
37
cloves
36
mace
36
nutmeg
36
pepper
37
spices
19
spirits, evil
7, 141n106, 150, 155, 157, 160, 163
Spiritual Exercises (Loyola)
103,105, 109–10,146n130, 187n46, 188, 203n110–11
Śrauta rituals
56
Sri Lanka
19
Stateûs, Abba
71n54, 75
statues
141n106
Stephanites
88n129
Stephens, Thomas
Krista Purana
38n88
stigmata
162
Storia della letteratura etiopica (Cerulli)
50n133
stories
66, 99, 134, 142–43, 146
Strabo
Geography of Strabo
61
subcontinent. see India
suffering
54–55, 61, 113, 152, 157–58, 165, 217
sufys
107n49
sultan
21
supernatural
14, 138, 150, 153–54, 159n41
superstitions
28, 41, 43, 102, 104–05, 111, 146, 150, 152, 154, 155n26, 158
Susiana, Persia
50
Suso, Henry
7
Susǝnyos (Negus)
34–36, 119, 122, 134, 136, 138, 186, 199–202, 204–5, 207
abdication
36
Abraham, Abba and
200
abunä and
34–35
Catholicism as state religion
202
Christological debates and
119, 122, 205
conversion
199
Däbrä Libanos, devotion to
200–1
Gaspar Páez and
202
Pedro Páez and
34, 134, 136, 138, 200–1
Manuel de Almeida and
186, 207
repression of Orthodoxy
202, 205, 207
Sǝʿǝlä Krǝstos and
34, 204
Zärʾa Wängel and
200–1
Suárez, Francisco
90
Suśruta Saṁhitā
156n32
symbols
14, 41, 44, 46, 73, 99n14, 111, 157, 163, 165.
nine saints
Synod of Diamper
42
taʿwīd
157
tawiz
157
Täbay
124n38
täbay
124
Täbayk
124n38
tabernacles
52
tabiz
157
täfänt
160
Täkkäze, river
203
Täklä Giyorgis
125n55, 207
Täklä Haymanot, Abunä
51–52, 65–71, 75, 95, 125, 161, 165n79, 174, 200, 207, 210–11, 215
tales
134, 139, 146, 156n27, 163, 176, 178, 218
talismans
163
Tamil
38n88, 104, 140
Ṭana, lake
208
Tanjore, India
21
Tanqha
35
Taoism
12n45, 156n27
Tapas
55n148, 58
tapsaya
55n148
Taquela Haimanôt. see Täklä Haymanot
tatterdemalion
97
Tauler, Johannes
7
Tawahədo
198n91
taweez
157n34
Tazena (king)
63
taʿwīd
157n34
teachers
32n62, 66, 112, 138, 184n30
technology
186
Tedla, Agostino, Abba
125
tēgēri/tēgri
160
Tǝgray
11, 35, 64, 67, 71, 169n93, 177, 197n89, 209
tegrid
160n50
Teixeira, Manuel
98, 153
Tekla Haymanot. see Täklä Haymanot
Tellez, Balthazar
70
História geral de Etiópia a Alta
66n34, 68n40, 70n49, 176n128, 205n120
temples
25, 28, 40, 41n103, 48, 89, 141n105, 181n13.
nine saints
temptations
10, 91, 104, 187
Teresa of Ávila, Saint
4n12, 7
Tertullian
Apology
141n106
De anima
130n67
Tewelde Beiene
74n66, 124n41–n42, 125n44
Tewodros I (emperor)
174
Thadeos, monk
196
Thane, India
25
Theodore of Mopsuestia
130n68
theology
1, 9, 39, 66, 85, 98, 100, 125, 130, 158, 212
Thomas, Juan
23
Thomas, Saint
21, 41, 42n106, 93
Saint Thomas Christians
21, 41–42
Thrace, Greece
65
Tigray. see Tǝgray
Timor, island
19
Toledo, Council of
128, 170
tombs
165, 173–74, 176–77
Torat, Ethiopia
71n53
tostón
98
Tractatus tres historico … (Barradas)
40n93
trade
18, 20–21, 25, 31, 83
traducianism
130n67, 133
transmigration of souls
143n114
Tratados espirituales (Borja)
105n42, 143n113
Travancore, India
21, 29, 89, 98n5, 183n28
treatments
47, 157, 163n68, 164, 166
Trent, Council of
29, 37n83, 43n109, 93, 154, 163n68
Trinity
14, 44, 53n142, 61, 121n29, 130, 140n102, 143n113, 144
Tunguz
151n5
turban
72n59
Turk
70
Turkey
101n23
tyranny
56
tyrants
185
Uhlig, Siegbert
Encyclopaedia aethiopica
24n30, 49n129, 50n133, 63n11, 65n26, 68n38, 69n43, 69n44, 71n55, 82n96, 88n129, 93n157,123n36, 125n46, 159n41, 161n54, 174n120, 175n125, 184n31, 200n101, 202n107, 210n139
United Kingdom
30
universe
15, 173n111, 177, 181, 213, 217
university
24n30
Urban VIII, pope
36
Vaiṣṇavism
98n4
Valencia, Spain
69n42
Valerian, noble pagan
94
Valignano, Alessandro
30, 42, 107, 193, 209n133.
adaptationism
Historia del principio y progreso de la Compañía de Jesús en las Indias Orientale
108n54
Valladolid, Spain
6
Van Linschoten, Jan Huygen
179
Van Ruysbroeck, Jan
7
Varones ilustres de la Compañía de Jesús (Andrade and Nieremberg)
38n88, 101n20, 101n23, 104n40
Varāha
144n120
Varṇāśrama Dharma
56n152
Vasco de Gama. see De Gama, Vasco
Vatican II
1
vayyišrěṣu
137
Veda
147n132
vernacular literature
38n88
Veronica, Saint
163
Viaje al Gran Mogol, Indostán y Cachemira (Bernier)
103n35, 107n49, 153n13, 170n100, 180n5
Vies éthiopiennes de Saint Alexis, Les (Cerulli)
71n57
vibhuti
157
Vida da Sanctissima Virgem (Fernandes)
87, 88n132, 89n134, 89n136, 90n140, 90n142, 90n145–n146, 91n147, 91n149, 92n152, 93n159, 94n162–n163, 94n165
Vijayanagara
21
violence
205
Virgin Mary. see Mary
Virginibus ad Marcellinam sororem (Saint Ambrose)
91
virginity
90–91, 94–95
virgins
90–91
virtues
87
virtus et litterae
116
Vishnu
48, 143, 144n16
visions
6, 17, 158, 197n88.
nine saints
Visitor, Jesuit position
30, 42.
nine saints
Vita Christi
6n27
Viṣṇu Avatārs
144n120
Voragine, Jacopo de La Legenda dourada
4n12
vows, religious
of Hindu Saints
173
of chastity
83, 85, 106, 112, 208
fourth /of obedience
3n8, 83
of Ethiopian monks
84
of poverty
83, 106, 112, 191, 208
recantation by Ethiopians
84
in Spain
168n90
of stability
3
tapas as
55n148
Vāmana
144n120
Vānapastya
56
Wälättä Petros
92
Wali monastery
129n62
wa-yeʿaẓmu
137
wa-yishreẓu
137
wa-yirbu
137
weapons
213
Weber, Max
11, 12n45, 12n47, 15n52, 79
wedding
88, 94.
nine saints
Werden
14n50
Westernization
18
wheat
79, 175
Wicki, Joseph
Documenta Indica
61n3, 98n5–n7, 99n9, 99n13, 101n21–n22, 101n24, 102n25–n30, 103n31–n32, 103n35, 104n38, 104n40, 105n43–n44, 105n47, 107n52, 109n57, 110n70, 114n80, 120n240–n27, 140n99–n100, 141n103, 142n107, 142n110, 143n111–n114, 144n119, 147n131, 152n10–n11, 154n19–n20, 156n29–n31, 158n36–n37, 166n83–n85, 167n87–n89, 179n2–n3, 180n8–n9, 180n11–n12, 181n14, 181n16, 182n17, 182n19, 183n28–n29, 190n57–n59, 191n60, 192n67, 193n69, 193n70, 194n72–n73, 194n75, 195n77, 209n133
wine
10, 82, 88n133, 89–91, 112
winemaking
83
wisdom
143, 147–48, 192, 194
witchcraft
158n40, 160, 162n61, 168, 169n97, 171, 178n138
witches
150, 159–60
wives
92, 94, 102, 133, 143, 146, 158
wizards
77
womb
89, 133, 136
women
22, 51, 84, 91–94, 102, 134, 136n90, 137–38,152n8, 154, 158, 160, 163–66, 176, 179, 185, 210
Word (Christ)
100, 133
Xaramillo, Pedro Páez
39n89
Xavier, Francis arrival and description of Goa
23n23, 26, 139
death of
27n40
diversity of beliefs in India and
28
ecclesiastics in India and
26–27
Gaspar Barzeo and
100–1
guidelines for Muslims and Jews in the east
24
Henrique Henriques on
141
immediate successors in Ìndia
29
Jesuit missionaries in India under
27
letter to the king
25
Luís Fróis and
99n11
Manuel Texeira on
98
Monumenta Xavieriana
141n104
relics of
164–65
other religious orders in India and
31
trip to India
17
on virtues of men needed for the missions
11, 100, 116
Yemen
65n26
Ynofre
79
yoga
53, 58, 97
yogi
15, 53n145, 54, 58, 98–100, 103–4, 106, 110–11, 113, 120–22, 140–46, 152, 155–56, 180–83, 190, 192–95, 213, 216–18
Barzeo, Gaspar on
61n2, 99–100, 103–4, 109, 113, 120–22, 143–44, 158, 180, 190–91, 193, 216
Catholicism and
121, 190–91
conversion of
100, 103, 149, 167, 179, 181–82, 185, 194–95, 199, 201–04
cremation
173
Fróis, Luís on
99, 103, 120, 122, 144, 180, 213, 218
Jesuit description of
98
Jesuits confrontation with
121, 123, 156
king of
183
mortification among
104
Reincarnations for
54
sandalwood for
144n118
yogism
121, 139–40, 142, 144, 146, 183
Yoḥanni, Abba
51
Yūsuf Asʾar Yaṯʾar
65n26
Yǝkunno Amlak
68
Yǝmʾata, Abba
64n21
Yǝsḥaq, Abba
49
Zä Dǝngǝl (emperor)
34, 92, 119, 197
Zagʷe dynasty
51
Žäkäre, Abba
118n16, 127
Zämika’el, Abba
49, 64n15
Zamorin
21
Zärʾa Wängel
199–201
Zärʾa Yaʿǝqob, emperor
69, 76n75, 77n75, 174
Zäśǝllase, monk
86
Zä Yoḥannǝs, Abba
92
Zeitgeist
6
Zeno (emperor)
64
zogī
97n3.
nine saints