Index

dynastic princely state

Dzurek, Daniel

Eastern Greenland

East Francia

Easton, Ian

–

East Timor

–

Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (SEF and ARATS)

108

economic deterrence, to prevent PRC from attacking Taiwan

–

–

economic miracle, Taiwan

–

economic warfare

792

Economist Intelligence Unit

Eden, Anthony

Edict of Worms

Edward I

–

Edward II

Edward III

effective authority

and capacity to enter into relations with other states

and legal system

and Tapei-based Republic of China

733

effectiveness, principle of

as the ability to meet international obligations

222

–

224

as the ability to perform all functions of a state

224

–

229

and acquisition of territory

as actual obedience of the legal community to the legal order

230

–

233

of the institutional system

–

–

and ius cogens

–

and legitimacy

–

and Montevideo criteria

effective occupation

–

Egypt

Eisenhower, President Dwight D.

elections, Taiwan

–

–

electors, prince

–

El Salvador

Elton, Geoffrey

Engel, Pál

Engels, Friedrich

England

Act of Supremacy

170

–

171

208

and centralized monarchy

–

and the Exchequer

–

and the Holy Roman Empire

Hundred Years’ War

186

Enlightenment, Prussian

Erich, Rafael

–

Eritrea, and Yemen

Essai sur les formes de gouvernement et sur les devoirs des souverains (Frederick the Great)

Estrada Doctrine

eternal deputies

ethical-legal legitimacy

–

–

–

and Tapei-based Republic of China

–

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

European Commission

601

European Economic and Trade Office (EETO)

–

–

European External Action Service (EEAS)

563

European Union (EU)

lacks Kompetenz-Kompetenz

299

as largest trading partner, has considerable economic leverage over PRC

789

807

visits from high-ranking Taiwanese politicians

–

Examination Yuan

the Exchequer

–

exclaves

–

Executive Yuan

exercitium iuris

ex factis ius oritur

ex iniuria ius non oritur

explicit recognition

Export Processing Zones (EPZs)

exports, Taiwan

external legality

external sovereignty

–

definition

–

and independence

–

–

–

not met by HKSAR

Fabio, Udo Di

February 28, 1947 incident

–

549

585

Federal Republic of Germany

federations

–

Ferguson, Niall

feudalism

–

–

Finer, Herman

Finland

–

First Island Chain

First Opium War

First Sino-Japanese War

–

First Taiwan Crisis

First United Front

–

Five Noes

Flanders

Flint, Colin

Florence

Fong, Mah

Forbidden nation: A history of Taiwan (Manthorpe)

–

force, use of

legitimate

380

381

;

unlawful use of force

of PRC against Taiwan

569

–

575

;

military threat to Taiwan from the PRC

Foreign Affairs, Ministry of, Taiwan

–

foreign populations, Taiwan

523

–

foreign trade, Taiwan

Formosa, Dutch

–

Fort Provintia

Fort Zeelandia

Foundation for the Promotion of Export (Stichting tot Bevordering van de Uitvoer, SBU)

599

–

600

“Fourteen Projects”

France

arms sales to Taiwan

ceded Venice to Italy

369

centralized monarchy

185

–

189

cession of Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia

–

on Imperial Diet

Le roi ne meurt jamais

199

and Mauritania

509

and naval forces in the Indo-Pacific

and New Hebrides

399

and Parliament of Paris

202

and Pheasant Island

488

489

recognized PRC

–

sale of Louisiana to the United States

and Sino-French War

–

treaty with Libya

Francis I, Emperor

Francis II, Emperor

Frankish Empire

Frederick the Great

Frederick V, Elector

Frederick William I

–

free area of the Republic of China

elects Legislative Yuan

706

holds referenda

659

population has final say on constitutional amendments

529

566

653

president and vice president elected by

703

freedom, and sovereignty

Freedom House (FH)

–

La Fronde

Frowein, Jochen

Fujian Province

fundamental rights

–

–

–

Gady, Franz-Stefan

Ganghwa, Treaty of

GDP, Taiwan

General Assembly

630

632

635

General Order no. One

–

–

Genoa

geoeconomics

geopolitics, and international law

–

geostrategy

German Democratic Republic

342

689

697

German-Polish Arbitral Tribunal

344

347

Germany

and Berlin Declaration of June 5, 1945

401

customs union with Austria

Deutsches Institut Taipei (DIT)

600

–

601

and Holy Roman Empire

partition

recognized the PRC

Gesamtgemeinschaft

Gesamtrechtsordnung

Gesamtstaat

gesolltes Verhalten

235

Gilday, Michael

Giuliani, Rudy

Glaser, Bonnie

Glennon, Michael

–

globus cruciger

Golden Bull

Goto Shimpei

government

and administration

226

effective, criterion of

–

local

–

and Montevideo criteria

Grant, Thomas

–

Gratian, Emperor

Great Schism

Greece

Greenland

Gregory VII, Pope

–

Gross, Leo

Grotius, Hugo

Grundnorm

–

Grzegorzewski, Filip

Guam

Guangxu, Emperor

Gu’an Operational Plan

577

–

578

Guatemala, treaty with Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica and El Salvador

Guidelines for National Unification

–

Haass, Richard

on military deterrence

797

804

on military intervention by U.S.

801

on strategic ambiguity

–

Habsburg emperors

Hague Convention on Certain Questions relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws

272

273

525

Hainan

–

476

Hakka

Hallstein Doctrine

784

Han Chinese

–

530

–

531

and the Dutch

in Taiwan after Koxinga’s seizure of power

Hannum, Hurst

675

Hanseatic League

194

195

Hasegawa Kiyoshi, Admiral

Hauptprobleme der Staatsrechtslehre (Kelsen)

–

726

Heady, Ferrel

203

Heartland Theory

Heath, Timothy

576

–

577

Heé, Nadin

–

Heinzig, Dieter

–

Held, David

Heller, Hermann

Helms, Jesse

Henkin, Louis

Henry I (Henry the Fowler, Duke of Saxony, King of East Francia)

162

Henry I, King of England

Henry II, King of England

Henry IV, Holy Roman Empire Emperor

166

Henry IV of Bourbon-Navarra

188

Henry V, Holy Roman Empire Emperor

167

Henry V, King of England

Henry VI, King of England

Henry VII, King of England

–

193

Henry VIII, King of England

Herdegen, M.

Herren der Völkerrechtsordnung

151

Herzegovina, and Dayton Peace Accords

Heuser, Robert

–

Hidemi Suganami

high-tech industries, Taiwan

Hinrichs, Ernst

201

Hiran Jayewardene

409

Hirohito, Emperor

HMS Queen Elizabeth,

HMS Richmond

Hobbes, Thomas

–

on rights

on security

Hoklo

–

hoko system

–

Holslag, Jonathan

788

Holtzendorff, Franz von

Holy Alliance

Holy Roman Empire

–

emancipation of monarchs from

171

–

174

and Peace of Westphalia

–

and Reformation

Honduras

–

Hong Kong

–

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (HKSAR)

645

–

648

Hong Xiuquan

Horton, Chris

–

Hsinchu Science Park

Hsiu-An Hsiao, Anne

125

Huang Kun-huei

701

Huber, Max

on condominiums

–

on Palmas Island

–

–

Hu Chih-chiang

human rights

–

treaties

–

Humphrey, Nicholas

Hundred Years’ War

Hungdah Chiu

Huy-Yi Tseng, Katherine

identity, Taiwanese

–

illegality of origin

Il Principe (Machiavelli)

156

Immigration Act, Republic of China

impeachment

–

Imperial Diet

Imperial Estates

–

imperium

definition

and population

273

and suspended sovereignty

406

407

and territorial integrity

257

implicit recognition

334

–

335

imports, Taiwan

import substitution, Taiwan

independence

actual

–

–

–

and external sovereignty

–

–

–

and illegality of origin

321

and internal sovereignty

290

–

291

293

lack of declaration of

–

–

legal

–

and statehood

and subjection of states to international law

300

–

304

and Völkerrechtsunmittelbarkeit

311

indeterminate sovereignty

India

indigenization, constitutional

653

Indigenous Peoples Basic Law (Taiwan)

indigenous Taiwanese

–

attacks from

–

Liu Mingchuan launched campaign against

and Musha Incident

–

Sakuma Samata’s subjugation of

indirect trade, Taiwan and the PRC

Indonesia

360

–

361

industrialization, of Taiwan under the Japanese

industrial production, Taiwan

inequality

procedural

–

substantive

–

Innocent X, Pope

Institute of International Law, Resolution, April 23, 1936

343

institutional system

definition

and effectiveness

–

and government

institutional system, Taiwan

–

description of

–

effectiveness

–

legitimacy

–

Inter-American Development Bank

interdependence

internal legality

internal sovereignty

–

–

and effective government

and self-government

and supreme power

–

International Committee of Jurists

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

on Aegean Sea continental shelf

443

444

on boundary treaties

484

on Charter of the United Nations

on Honduras

–

on Libya and France

on Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge

390

on Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan

360

–

361

ruled that an agreement concluded under the threat or use of force is void

on South-West Africa

–

on Western Sahara

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

–

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

–

International Law Commission

432

447

450

international legal personality

international organizations, membership in, Taiwan

–

International Renewable Energy Agency

intertemporal law, principle of

–

Investiture Controversy

–

Isabella of France

Isensee, Josef

Israel

–

Italian Social Republic

Italy

ius ad bellum

ius ad rem

ius cogens

and acquisition of territory

352

–

and definition of a state

501

749

and racial discrimination

327

on right of self-determination

and statehood

–

–

and unlawful use of force

266

383

412

ius excludendi alios

ius in re

ius postliminii

ius sanguinis

Jackson, Robert

Jäger, Oskar

Japan

and Cairo Declaration

and defense of Taiwan

804

–

806

derelictio of Taiwan and Penghu by

–

did not object to Republic of China’s control of Taiwan

464

–

465

746

established diplomatic relations with the PRC

and First Sino-Japanese War

–

and Manchukuo

663

and the Middle Kingdom

–

PRC leverage over if gained Taiwan

Second Sino-Japanese War

–

and Senkaku Islands

510

514

Taiwan under rule of

–

and Treaty of San Francisco

–

748

and Treaty of Shimonoseki

–

–

and Treaty of Taipei

will certainly play a crucial role in any American attempt to stave off a Chinese invasion of Taiwan

581

–

584

in World War II

–

Japanese Instrument of Surrender

–

–

451

and Cairo and Potsdam Declarations

115

Chen Yi accepted

–

and Churchill on

470

no reference to transfer of territory

–

and PRC on

surrendered to Allies not China

459

–

460

Japan Interchange Association (now the Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association)

Jellinek, Georg

–

on coercion

–

on effectiveness

on identity of the state

on independence

on land borders

on legitimacy

on original legal order

on population

on sovereignty

–

on soziale Tätigkeit

on Staatsgewalt

on Staatsvolk

–

on territory

and three-element doctrine

Jenks, Edward

Jennings, Robert

–

on acquisitive prescription

on annexation

on cession

Jianfeng Li

–

Jiangxi Soviet

Jianming Shen

–

–

considers Taiwan part of the state of China

on defined territory

on permanent population

530

on Taiwan’s institutional system

550

on Treaty of Shimonoseki

John of Gaunt

Johnson, Boris

Johnson, David

John XII, Pope

Jönsson, Crister

Judicial Yuan

judiciary, Taiwan

–

Kabayama Sukenori, governor-general

Kaczorowska, Alina

on acquisitive prescription

385

–

386

387

on animus derelinquendi

364

considers Taiwan has a stable community

on indeterminate sovereignty

408

–

409

on principle of effectiveness

on recognition

on unequal treaties

Kaldor, Mary

Kaliningrad (Königsberg)

Kaminski, Gerd

–

Kan, Shirley

Kangxi

Kant, Immanuel

Kantorowicz, Ernst

197

200

Kaolut tribe

Kaplan, Robert

Kellogg–Briand Pact

Kelsen, Hans

–

–

bust of

234

on collective security

217

on democracy and the rule of law

239

–

240

on law creation and law application

–

on legal system

on norms

–

on Staatsvolk

on territory

and Völkerrechtsunmittelbarkeit

on will of the state

–

KFOR (Kosovo Force)

King, Ernest

king’s two bodies

198

–

201

209

The King’s Two Bodies (Kantorowicz)

Kinmen (Quemoy)

–

–

belonged to state of China on eve of proclamation of PRC

535

573

758

controlled by the Republic of China

and Kuomintang

–

military base at

never Japanese territory

506

–

507

and Second Taiwan Crisis

–

and territorial title

509

Kiribati

Kirkham, Barry

–

–

on condominium theory

491

on Eden

138

487

evolution of Taiwan between 1945 and 1952

–

on non-recognition

on occupatio

on recognition

on will to statehood

Klein, Eckart

Kodama Gentaro, Governor-General (earlier Lieutenant-General)

Kok-ui Lim

126

145

Komin hokokai

kominka policy

–

Kompetenz-Kompetenz

–

–

–

Königsberg (Kaliningrad)

247

Koo Chen-fu

700

Korea

North

South

Korean War

–

Korowicz, Marek Stanisław

291

312

666

Koskenniemi, Martti x,

Kosovo

–

Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong)

–

Krach, Keith

Kretzmer, David

Kuijper, Hans

Kuomintang

–

denied historical Republic of China had perished

and February 28, 1947 incident

–

installed a new government of the Republic of China

retained control of Kinmen and Matsu

688

rule on mainland ended

688

Taiwanese people fell prey to the corruption and outright rapacity of

and Temporary Provisions

and White Terror

Kuril Islands

Kwiecień, Roman

Lackland, John

Laly-Chevalier, C.

Lanyu (Orchid Island)

504

Lapradelle, Albert de

207

Lasson, Adolf

726

–

727

Latvia, stated Taiwan part of Chinese territory

Lausanne, Treaty of

Lauterpacht, Hersch

law application

–

law compliance

law creation

–

League of Nations

–

and annexation

mandates after World War I

le Despenser, Hugh

Lee, Eric

Lee, John

–

Lee Hsi-min

Lee Teng-hui

–

on declaration of independence

692

declared Period of Mobilization for suppression of communist rebellion over

–

inaugural address

–

interview to Deutsche Welle

–

–

on One-China principle

693

–

694

on special state-to-state relationship

–

–

on two-state concept

visited the United States

legal independence

–

–

legality

internal

330

principle of

legal origin, proviso of

–

–

legal personality

–

and federations

international

and permanent population

270

and Staatsgewalt

215

and territorial title

283

and territory

258

Le Gendre, Charles

Legislative Yuan

–

adopted Law on Private Persons

can exert considerable influence over the structure of the various ministries subordinate to Executive Yuan

542

description

543

directly elected by the people every four years

586

706

and eternal deputies

has general legislative power

and human rights treaties

powers

–

prime minister and ministers are accountable to for policies proposed

541

on proposals to amend the Constitution

legitimacy

–

–

democratic

–

ethical-legal

–

–

–

sociological legitimacy

Le Goff, Jacques

–

–

Leo I, Pope

Leo III, Pope

Lesaffer, Randall

on French monarchy

on La Fronde

Leviathan (Hobbes)

218

–

Libarona, Iñigo

–

Libya, border treaty with France

Ligue du Bien Public

Lijun, S.

Lim, K.

Lim, Paul Joseph

Lin, David Y. L.

Lin Hsien-tang

–

Lin Shuang-wen

Lintner, Bertil

Lin Yi-fu

Lithuania

Little Sword Society

Liu Guoxuan

Liu Huaqing

Liu Mingchuan

–

Liu Yongfu

Li Zongren

local governments, Taiwan

–

Locke, John

–

Loewenstein, Karl

Lombardy

–

London Convention of November 15, 1831

509

Long March

Lothar

162

Louise of Savoy

187

Louisiana, sale of by France to U.S.

Louis IX (Louis the Saint)

Louis the Child

Louis the German

Louis the Pious

Louis VI

Louis VII

Louis VIII

Louis XI

–

Louis XII

Louis XIV

–

Lowe, Will

Loyseau, Charles

Ludao (Green Island)

Lung-chu Chen

–

Luther, Martin

–

Luzon Strait

Lyons, Charlie

MAAG (Military Assistance Advisory Group)

–

MacArthur, General Douglas

–

Macclesfield Bank

–

Machiavelli, Niccolò

Mackinder, Halford

Magna Carta

Mainland Affairs Council (MAC)

–

white paper

–

Malayo-Polynesian aboriginals

–

Mali–Burkina Faso frontier dispute case

259

Malta, joint communiqué with PRC

630

Mamoru Shigemitsu

451

Manchu dynasty

Manchukuo

314

316

663

Manchuria

–

457

–

458

663

Mandate of Heaven

mandates

–

Mann, Michael

Manthorpe, Jonathan

–

Mantl, Wolfgang

240

Mao Zedong

leader of CCP

pictured at at the entrance of the Forbidden City

proclaimed the PRC in Beijing

on Taiwan

Marek, Krystyna

on annexation

on constitutive theory of recognition

338

–

339

on declaratory view of recognition

on puppet states

–

martial law, 1949

–

repeal, 1987

–

Mastro, Oriana Skylar

788

Matsu viii,

–

belonged to state of China on eve of proclamation of PRC

535

573

758

controlled by the Republic of China

and Kuomintang

–

never Japanese territory

506

–

507

and territorial title

Maurice of Saxony

Mauritania

Maximilian I, Emperor

Ma-Xi summit

Mayhew, Christopher

Ma Ying-jeou

on 1992 consensus

inaugural address

–

Mazarin, Cardinal

Mazarr, Michael

–

McMaster, Herbert

–

McNair, Judge Arnold

–

Mearsheimer, John

Mendis, Patrick

–

Middle Ages

–

Middle Francia

Middle Kingdom

Middle Rocks

390

Mierau, Heike Johanna

163

Mieszko II

migration rate, Taiwan

523

Milan, peaked in 15th century

military, Taiwanese

–

–

Military Aid and Advisory Group (MAAG)

military deterrence

–

military threat to Taiwan from the PRC

–

–

–

–

–

increased after Tsai Ing-wen became president

112

PLA bombers regularly ciculate round Taiwan

–

possible military scenarios

810

–

815

U.S. concerns

–

Milley, General Mark

–

Ming dynasty

Mitchell, James F.

Miyako (boat)

Miyako Strait

Mizokami, Kyle

modus adquirendi

–

monarchy

absolute

–

centralized

–

and the Church

–

and Holy Roman Empire

171

–

and internal sovereignty

286

–

287

Mongol Yuan dynasty

Monroe Doctrine

Monterey Talks

Montesquieu

225

Montevideo Convention

and declaratory view of recognition

on defined territory

and federations

and permanent population

on recognition

Montevideo criteria

Article

210

215

538

and defined territory

501

and definition of a state

first three

overall assessment

–

shown to have been met by Taiwan

for statehood

capacity to enter into relations with other states

Monzambano, Severinus de (Samuel von Pufendorf)

moral hazard

–

Morello, Frank

–

–

Morgan, Patrick

Morgenthau, Hans

Morocco

Mortimer, Roger

Mukden Incident

Müller, H.

Müller, Werner

Münster, Treaty of

–

Musha Incident

–

Mutual Defense Treaty

terminated

U.S. military presence in Taiwan was based on

–

Namibia

–

Nanjing, Treaty of

nanshin doctrine

nation, definition

704

National Assembly, Republic of China

abolished

National Defense Report of the Republic of China, 2017

–

Nationality Law, Taiwan

–

527

National Police Agency, Taiwan

548

National Security Strategy of Japan

584

National Unification Council

native Taiwanese

–

indigenous Taiwanese

NATO

807

–

natural body, of the king

Netherlands

and Baarle-Nassau

crime rate

declared it respects the PRC’s claim to sovereignty over Taiwan

629

and Palmas Island

393

sale of two submarines to Taiwan

Taipei Representative Office

–

593

–

Netherlands Office Taipei (NLOT)

–

–

Neukirchen, Mathias

–

on Chinese Hallstein Doctrine

621

on internal sovereignty

643

on Japanese Instrument of Surrender

452

–

on military base at Kinmen

667

on military threat to Taiwan from the PRC

on will to statehood

New Hebrides

Nexon, Daniel

Nicaragua

Nine-Point Proposal

–

100

Nisbett, Patrice

592

Nixon, President Richard

667

Nobuo Kishi

582

Nogaret, Guillaume de

nominal constitution

normative constitution

norms

and enforceability

–

peremptory

–

–

basic norm

Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of

Northern Expedition

North Korea

North Sea Continental Shelf Cases, 1969

Norway

Nußbaum, Ulrich

obedience

objective legality of origin

–

occupatio

–

definition

and terrae nullius

and Treaty of San Francisco

–

–

O’Connell, Daniel Patrick

on recognition

Odoaker

O’Hanlon, Michael

One-China principle

–

–

and Chen Shui-bian

–

and Chinese Republic of Taiwan

766

and consensus of 1992

102

695

–

696

honored by Taipei regime after Chinese Civil War

and MAC

and nation

in Relations across the Taiwan Straits (MAC)

697

–

“one country, two systems”

–

One-Korea policy

Opium Wars

Oppenheim, Lassa

on capitulations

–

on condominiums

on recognition

oral treaties

Ordinances, and Edward II

191

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

617

–

Organization Act of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)

Osnabrück, Treaty of

–

Otto I (Otto the Great)

Otto III

–

Otto IV

Overseas Chinese

Overseas Compatriot Identity Certificate, Republic of China

526

Overseas Taiwanese

Pacific War

pacta sunt servanda

–

pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt

446

–

the Paiwan

Pakistan

Palau, Republic of

Palma, Tomás Estrada

Palmas Island

–

–

and condominium

and imperium

on prescription

–

Panama

Paracel Islands

–

–

Paraguay, taxation treaty with Taiwan

Paris, Treaty of, 1898

761

Paris Peace Agreements (1991)

404

Parity, Peace, and Win-Win: The Republic of China’s Position on the “Special State-to-State Relationship” (MAC)

702

Parliament of Paris

202

Paseyro, Ricardo

–

Passport Act, Republic of China

527

“patrimonial property”

Pavia, Battle of

187

–

188

peace

and effectiveness

223

and state order

–

222

“peaceful reunification; one country, two systems”

Peace of Augsburg

Peace of Westphalia

–

Pedra Branca

Pelosi, Nancy

Penghu

–

–

early settlers

incorporated into the Chinese Empire at end of Mongol Yuan dynasty

People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

–

764

794

attacked Kinmen and Matsu

–

and Dachen Islands

highly doubtful whether it would be able to successfully launch an amphibious invasion of Taiwan

794

–

military exercises in the Taiwan Strait

–

–

and myth of certain victory against Taiwan

575

–

576

578

reorganization begun in 2015

peremptory international legal norms

and acquisition of territory

–

non-conflict with

–

–

Period of Mobilization, end of

–

102

693

Permanent Court of Arbitration

415

473

496

Permanent Court of International Justice

–

persistent objector, doctrine of

306

petrified wood

762

762

Petzold, Claudius

on bilateral military relations between Taiwan and the U.S.

609

on diplomatic relations

612

on informal diplomacy

on Japan–Taiwan Exchange Association

597

on parallel representation of divided states

714

–

715

on quasi-treaty obligations and treaty surrogates

602

on Taiwanese identity

532

533

on Taiwan’s institutional system

549

665

on universality of U.N.

718

on will to statehood

686

Pfänder, Alexander

Phänomenologie des Wollens (Pfänder)

Pheasant Island

Philip II

–

Philip III (Philip the Bold)

185

Philip IV (Philip the Fair)

–

Philippines

–

Battle of

Philip the Good

187

Phillips, Steven

An-ping-Chin (City of Peace)

pivotal deterrence

802

Plowden, Edmund

198

Poggi, Gianfranco

203

Poland, and the Holy Roman Empire

police force, Republic of China

548

585

police state, Taiwan under Japanese rule

–

political body, of the king

198

200

209

political miracle, Taiwanese

–

–

political parties in Taiwan, ban on the establishment of new, ended

political rights

political theory

Polster, Jörg

Pompeo, Mike

–

pontifex maximus

pope, primacy of

–

popular sovereignty, principle of

553

–

586

population, permanent

–

–

–

–

–

Porter, Patrick

–

Portugal

the Portuguese, called Taiwan Formosa

Potsdam Declaration

on Cairo Declaration

Frank Chiang on

and Japanese Instrument of Surrender

–

and PRC

power

and Hobbes

219

and Kompetenz-Kompetenz

–

state

–

–

sword

and territory

summa potestas

Prague, Second Defenestration of

Pratas Islands

–

–

PRC (People’s Republic of China)

on abrogation of the Treaty of Shimonoseki

Anti-Secession Law

–

–

–

on being the continuation of the Republic of China

115

117

on Chen Shui-bian

107

claim Diaoyutai Islands

510

–

511

conducted large-scale military exercises around Taiwan, August 2022

–

consequences if gained Taiwan

–

constitution

649

continually makes preparations for a possible war over Taiwan

–

countries officially recognized after Resolution 2758

–

defense strategy

569

drifting toward a repressive liberticidal surveillance state

772

economic and military deterrence, to prevent attack on Taiwan

–

and indirect trade with Taiwan

on Lee Teng-hui’s declaration

105

–

106

membership of WTO

616

military superpower in the making

–

and Nine-Point Proposal

–

100

not part of Treaty of San Francisco

468

and One-China principle

–

–

one of the five permanent members of the Security Council

–

and Paracel Islands

proclaimed by Mao Zedong at Beijing

476

and psychological warfare

refusal to maintain diplomatic relations with states that recognize the ROC

–

and Resolution 2758

revolutionary origins

478

–

and Scarborough Shoal

519

–

520

severe economic sanctions could be imposed on to prevent attack on Taiwan

774

–

775

and Shanghai Communiqué

491

776

state of China continued by

Taiwan as part of

–

and Treaty of Shimonoseki

423

431

on Tsai Ing-wen

United Kingdom and United States made no reservations on possible condominial status of Taiwan and Penghu on recognition of

497

and the United States

–

–

white papers, 1993, 2000

–

–

willing to grant Taiwan a high degree of autonomy after reunification with the mainland but reserves the right to use force to bring about reunification

–

664

would gain global semiconductor supply chain if took over Taiwan

773

military threat to Taiwan from the PRC

Prescott, John Robert Victor

–

prescription, acquisitive

–

–

–

Presidential Office Building, Taipei

542

president of the Republic of China, powers of

539

–

540

Price, Ned

–

prince-electors

–

Princes’ Revolt

–

Private Legal Persons, Law of January 20, 1989

procedural inequality

–

Proculus

Proelss, Alexander

Project Starlight

property

patrimonial

and peace

Protestant Imperial Estates

179

Protestantism

174

–

177

proviso of legal origin

–

–

Prussia

–

Prussian Enlightenment

Przemysł II

pseudomorph

762

psychological warfare

–

796

Pufendorf, Samuel von

–

Pulau Batu Puteh

Pulau Ligitan

–

Pulau Sipadan

–

puppet states

–

Taipei-based Republic of China is not

–

Putin, Vladimir

Puyi

Qin dynasty

Qing dynasty

–

110

and uprisings on Taiwan

–

Qiu Fengjia

–

Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue)

806

–

807

racial discrimination

–

prohibition of systematic

673

Rasmussen, Anders Fogh

808

raw materials and technology, Chinese, need to reduce dependence on

–

Realism

–

recognition

concept of

–

by third states

–

third states, recognition by

Reformation

–

Reine Rechtslehre (Kelsen)

–

Reisman, William Michael

–

on temporary military occupation of Taiwan by Kuomintang on behalf of the Allies

461

on wartime declarations as propaganda instruments

444

–

445

Relations across the Taiwan Straits (MAC)

–

René II

representative offices

–

Republic of China (ROC)

1947 Constitution and reforms to

–

–

–

–

on abrogation of the Treaty of Shimonoseki

and animus domini

attempts from 1993 to 2007 to become a member of the U.N.

–

became Taiwan

–

and Cairo Declaration

–

and Chinese Civil War

480

–

481

claims to the Diaoyutai or Senkaku Islands

514

derecognition of

–

and eternal deputies

–

and General Order no. One

–

–

historical

as an independent state

–

–

National Defense Report, 2017

–

not a member of the United Nations

630

–

633

not part of Treaty of San Francisco

468

not recognized by the United Nations

and occupatio

474

official name of state of China since 1912

–

and Scarborough Shoal

520

–

521

seat of the nationalist government moved to Taipei

Taiwan, 35th province of

through pseudomorphosis became the Taipei-based Republic of China

762

and United States

Taipei-based Republic of China

Republic of the Seven United Netherlands

195

196

208

research and development (R&D)

Resolution 2758

–

–

res publica christiana

definition

–

and external sovereignty

286

Restatement of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States

684

Reus-Smit, Christian

825

reversion, doctrine of

471

–

473

747

Revolt of the Three Feudatories

rex est imperator in regno suo

Rhodesia

–

rice cultivation, Taiwan

Richard II

191

Richelieu, Cardinal de

188

rights

fundamental

–

–

–

of indigenous Taiwanese

political

ritsurei

Riyadh Declaration

724

Robert I (Robert the Bruce)

Roman Empire

–

Rome

Rome, as city-state

Roosevelt, President Franklin Delano

–

441

Rosen, Mark

Rousseau, Charles

Rover incident

Rudd, Kevin

Rudolf I

rule of law

–

Taipei-based Republic of China meets requirement of

–

Russia

Russian Revolution

–

Sacks, David

on military deterrence

797

804

on military intervention by U.S.

801

on strategic ambiguity

–

Sahara, Western

Saigo Tsugumichi, Lieutenant General

Saint-Germain, Treaty of

290

Saint Kitts and Nevis

–

592

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Sakuma Samata, governor-general

Salò, Republic of

314

316

San Francisco, Treaty of see Treaty of San Francisco

San Francisco Peace Conference

San Ho Hui

Sap, Jan Willem

Sardinia, Kingdom of

–

satellization

–

Scarborough Shoal

–

Schliesky, Utz

Schmalkaldic League

Schmalkaldic War

Schmidt, Peer

Schmitt, Carl

Schorn-Schütte, Luise

176

Schultz, George

Schwarzenberger, Georg

352

377

science parks, Taiwan

Scotland, and Edward I

Searle, John

secession

–

admissibility of

–

and declaration of independence

–

and federations

not in case of Taiwan

640

and will to establish an independent state

738

Second Defenestration of Prague

177

Second Opium War

Second Sino-Japanese War

–

Second Taiwan Crisis

–

Second United Front

“secret council,” France

202

security

collective

and peace

–

by the state

–

against the state

–

Security Council

–

–

Seins-Tatsache

Seizo, Admiral Kobayashi, governor-general

self-commitment

–

self-defense, right of

self-determination, right of

–

and acquisitive prescription

and annexation

and cession

and Rhodesia

–

and territorial title

–

self-government

Self-Strengthening Movement

–

semiconductor manufacturing industry

–

580

773

Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC)

semi-presidential system

Senkaku Islands

–

510

Seokwoo Lee

Serbian Republic, and Resolution

787

266

Seven United Provinces, Republic of

Shanghai Communiqué

–

Shanghai Massacre

Shang-Ju Yang

653

Shao Yulien

Shaw, Malcolm

–

on cession

–

on declaratory view of recognition

344

on independence

661

669

on right of self-determination

327

–

329

and territorial title

on will to statehood

Sheng Lijun

Sheng-tsung Yang

–

Shen Jong-chin

sheriffs, and Henry II

Shi Lang

Shimonoseki, Treaty of see Treaty of Shimonoseki

Siegelberg, Jens

Simma, Bruno

–

–

Singapore

Sino-French War

–

Sino-Japanese Wars

–

Six Assurances

–

Les six livres de la République (Bodin)

–

social entitlement rights

social rights

Society of Heaven and Earth

socioeconomic rights

559

sociological legitimacy

–

–

and opinion polls

Soll-Norm

Solomon Islands, diplomatic relations with ROC terminated

Soong Mei-ling

441

soteidan

South Africa

314

324

South China Sea (islands)

–

513

South Korea

South Ledge

South-West Africa

–

sovereignty

and acquisitive prescription

and condominium

–

in the event of a cession

–

and Hobbes

internal

and Montevideo criteria

–

principle of popular

–

and the Romans

–

in the sense of independence

–

and statehood

and states

undetermined

–

and von Pufendorf

–

external sovereignty

;

internal sovereignty

;

suspended sovereignty

Soviet Union

soziale Tätigkeit

Spain

and Pheasant Island

Spanish-American War

Spencer, Andrew

Spencer, David

spiritual commonwealth

–

Spratly Islands

–

SS Wimbledon

–

Staatsgewalt

Staatsvolk

Stalin, Joseph

Starke, Joseph Gabriel

344

385

state

as acting subject

–

definition

–

as a legally legitimized exercise of power

–

state authority

and sense of belonging

532

and sovereignty as property of

303

406

and Taipei-based Republic of China

and territory

Staatsgewalt

statehood, criteria for see Montevideo criteria

state organization

215

218

538

Staatsgewalt

state people

state power

–

–

state

–

state territory

state-to-state relationship, special

–

–

–

status, concept of

Stavridis, James

Stephen of Hungary (Stephen the Saint)

–

Stoll, Peter-Tobias

–

Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara

–

–

Stoltenberg, Jens

Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF)

–

strategic ambiguity

–

–

–

–

with regard to the international legal status of Taiwan

818

viability in longer term uncertain

strategic clarity

–

Strategic Concept (2022), NATO

808

Suao port

subjective legality of origin

670

671

–

674

substantive inequality

425

–

428

substantive rule of law

Su Chi

Sudan, condominium of U.K. and Egypt

399

sugar production, Taiwan

Sui dynasty

Sullivan, Jonathan

summa potestas

–

–

definition

and internal sovereignty

643

Sun Yat-sen

539

Sun Yat-sen highway

Supreme Court, Taiwan

545

Supreme National Council (SNC) of Cambodia

Sur, Serge

suspended sovereignty

–

and doctrine of reversion

Su Wei

–

Suzanne of Bourbon

The Swearing of the Oath of Ratification of the Treaty of Münster

178

Sweden

Swiss Confederation

–

Switzerland

–

sword power

Tägil, Sven

Tai Chao-chuen

Taichung port

Tainan

Taipei, Treaty of

–

–

TAIPEI Act (Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative Act) /U.S.

Taipei-based Republic of China

came into existence on October 1, 1949

670

defined territory

750

de iure Japanese territory until entry into force of Treaty of San Francisco

institutional system

–

its creation cannot be the direct result of unlawful use of force

–

permanent population

–

as a pseudomorphic entity

761

–

763

why third states should recognize

–

–

Taiwan

Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States (TECRO)

594

–

596

Taipei Representative Office in the Netherlands (TRON)

–

593

–

Taiping Dao (Itu Aba)

Taiping Rebellion

Taiwan

countries officially recognized by

covers an area of 36,197 km² including Penghu

741

as an independent state

–

–

map showing Taiwan and appertaining islands

not part of the state of China until 1683

part of state of China

–

–

population of more than

million people with Penghu

741

and suspended and underdetermined sovereignty

407

–

410

Taipei-based Republic of China

Taiwan Affairs Office

Taiwan Area

–

Taiwan at a Glance 2021–2022

510

Taiwan Defense Command

667

Taiwanese economic miracle

–

Taiwanese political miracle

–

112

Taiwan–European Union consultations

613

Taiwan-fu

547

584

Taiwan Local Autonomy Alliance (TLAA)

Taiwan People’s Party

The Taiwan question and reunification of China (white paper)

113

–

114

Taiwan Relations Act (TRA)/U.S.

–

–

–

–

and the AIT

–

forms the basis for bilateral military relations

607

on how the U.S. will react to military threat to Taiwan

–

and U.S. position on Taiwan

–

782

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC)

–

Taiwan Strait

577

Taiwan strategy, new

774

–

775

Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport

Taiwan Travel Act (TTA) /U.S.

Tallon, Andrew

Talmon, Stefan

–

–

on de facto regimes

–

on democratic legitimacy

on ius cogens

on puppet states

on voidance

–

Tamsui

Tang, Ger van der

280

286

298

Tang dynasty

Tang Jingsong

Tang Yao-ming

Tapani Rebellion

Taro Aso

583

Taylor, John Gerald

technology and raw materials, Chinese, need to reduce dependence on

790

–

791

Temporary Provisions Effective during the Period of Communist Rebellion

102

650

“Ten Major Projects”

terrae nullius

131

138

261

and acquisitive prescription

and annexation

and condominiums

and effective occupation

355

–

356

411

and inhabited territories

362

and Japanese derelictio

747

748

and Treaty of San Francisco

territorial integration

–

territorial title

–

–

–

concept of

–

and legal personality

territorial trap

–

territorial treaties

–

territory

and corpus

357

“modes of acquisition” of

–

–

and occupatio

state

and terrae nullius

defined territory

Theodosius I, Emperor

159

Thiele, Alexander

528

557

third states, recognition by

–

–

–

and Chinese Hallstein Doctrine

–

Thirty Years’ War

–

Thomas of Clarence

Thompson, Loren

–

Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

Three Communiqués

three-element doctrine

–

–

Three Kingdoms period

Three Noes

100

–

Thucydides trap

–

Tianjin, Treaty of

Tielman, Guido

599

titulus adquisitionis

Tobar Doctrine

Tönnies, Ferdinand

Törnqvist, Gunnar

trade

indirect, Taiwan and the PRC

between PRC and Taiwan, Ma Ying-jeou relaxed

108

trade volume, Taiwan

traditio brevi manu

373

traffic and transport infrastructure, Taiwan

Traité des Seigneuries (Loyseau)

Transkei

treaties

–

boundary

territorial

–

unequal

–

treaty obligations

Treaty of Amity

Treaty of Basel

Treaty of Ganghwa

Treaty of Lausanne

Treaty of London

Treaty of Münster

–

The Swearing of the Oath of Ratification of

178

Treaty of Nanjing

Treaty of Osnabrück

–

Treaty of Paris

Treaty of Saint-Germain

290

Treaty of San Francisco

–

–

–

–

and Japanese derelictio

–

only Allied Powers can derive a right, title, or benefit from

–

–

on Spratly and Paracel Islands

516

and suspended and undetermined sovereignty

348

Taipei-based Republic of China became a state entity distinct from the state of China upon entry into force of

and Taiwan as condominium of the Allies

–

–

and Taiwan as terra nullius

132

135

Taiwan de iure Japanese territory until entry into force of

–

U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson pictured signing the treaty with Japan

467

Treaty of Shimonoseki

425

abrogation of

–

Chinese Empire ceded Taiwan and Penghu to Japan

–

invalidity ab initio of

144

423

–

435

its effects could not be undone retroactively

748

painting by Nagatochi Hideta

425

in part a territorial treaty

492

–

and suspended and undetermined sovereignty

348

Taiwan and Penghu have never been part of the state of China since the entry into force of

and Treaty of San Francisco

–

–

Treaty of Taipei

–

–

Treaty of Tianjin

Treaty of Verdun

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Vienna

trias politica

Truman, President Harry S.

–

–

Trump, Donald, and Taiwan

–

trust territories

–

Tsai Chi-chang, pictured with Nancy Pelosi

Tsai Ing-wen

–

on 1992 consensus

on authoritarianism and democracy

819

on deployment of U.S forces in Taiwan for training purposes

“four musts”

inaugural address

712

–

713

721

and military threat from PRC

112

and Trump

–

visits to U.S.

Tsung-I Chen

and Akt der Verfassungsgebung

659

660

Tung-tu (Dongdu)

Turkey

–

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Tu Wei-ming

“Twelve Projects”

Tzu-wen Lee

Ubaldis, Baldus de

Über den Verfall des Feudalismus und das Aufkommen der Bourgeoisie (Engels)

158

U.N. (United Nations)

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

675

–

676

General Assembly

Resolution 2758

–

–

ROC’s attempts to become a member again

713

–

720

Security Council

–

632

–

633

635

trust territories after World War II

402

UNMIK (United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo)

404

–

405

UNTAC (Transitional Authority in Cambodia)

404

UNTAET (Transitional Administration in East Timor)

405

U.N. Charter

Unam Sanctam

169

U.N. Charter

and annexation

381

413

on membership of U.N.

631

and principle of universality

717

on prohibition of use of force

–

–

on self-determination

675

undetermined sovereignty

–

unequal treaties

–

Unger, Sebastian

unicameral system

unification of China, guidelines for national

694

–

695

United Kingdom (U.K.)

and Japanese Instrument of Surrender

–

494

joint communiqué, 1972 acknowledged Taiwan as a province of PRC

–

–

and naval forces in the Indo-Pacific

and New Hebrides

399

recognized the PRC

said status of Taiwan should be the subject of a peace settlement with Japan

–

454

and Treaty of San Francisco

–

–

unlawful use of force

and acquisitive prescription

and annexation

–

and cession

and ius cogens

and procedural inequality

430

and strategic ambiguity

781

Taipei-based Republic of China’s creation cannot be the direct result of

671

–

672

682

and treaties procured through

–

and U.N. Charter

–

–

uprisings, during Qing dynasty

–

U.S. (United States)

acknowledged the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is part of China

–

–

agency relationship with ROC

141

–

142

arms exports to Taiwan

607

–

609

and AUKUS

bilateral military relations with Taiwan

607

–

666

and change of name for Taiwan

767

and Chinese Civil War

–

consequences if failed to come to Taiwan’s rescue

–

and Cuba

761

Defense Intelligence Agency

Department of Defense report

and derecognition of Republic of China

681

deterioration in relations with Beijing

–

and help from Japan to defend Taiwan

805

–

806

intervention in event of PRC invasion of Taiwan

–

–

–

–

–

and Japanese Instrument of Surrender

–

494

and Korean War

–

and Mutual Defense Treaty

and private visits by Taiwanese ministers

614

–

615

recognized the PRC

–

681

said status of Taiwan should be the subject of a peace settlement with Japan

–

454

sale of Alaska by Russia to

sale of Louisiana to by France

and semiconductor manufacturing industry

and Shanghai Communiqué

–

and Six Assurances

and Spanish-American War

State Department’s Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Affairs (DRL)

557

563

–

564

and strategic ambiguity

–

–

Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office

594

–

596

on Taiwan as condominium of the Allies

137

Taiwan not a puppet state of

–

and Tobar Doctrine

and Treaty of San Francisco

746

–

747

visit by Lee Teng-hui

104

Taiwan Relations Act (TRA)/U.S.

USS Missouri

451

U.S.–Taiwan Defense Review Talks

usucapio

Valdemar the Great

Vanuatu

Vattel, Emer de

on external sovereignty

on ius postliminii

on prescription

Venice

Verdun, Treaty of

Verfassungslehre (Schmitt)

655

verfassungswidrige Verfassungswirklichkeit

–

Verheyden, Frédéric

Verhoeven, Joe

Versailles, Treaty of

Verzijl, Jan Hendrik Willem

367

373

Victor Emanuel III, King

Vidmar, Jure

–

Vienna, Congress of

Vienna, Treaty of

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

on agreements between between legal persons under private law

604

on agreements concluded under the threat or use of force

on cession

on denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty

436

and pacta sunt servanda

305

426

and pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt

446

447

–

rules on the conclusion of treaties

442

–

443

on treaty being embodied in two or more instruments

450

and Treaty of Shimonoseki

–

Vitzthum, Wolfgang

VOC (Dutch East India Company)

voidance

323

–

324

Voigt, Rüdiger

220

Völkerrechtsunmittelbarkeit

Vöneky, Silja

Wagner, Norbert

Waldock, Humphrey

Wales, and Edward I

Wallace, Ben

Wang, Joey

–

Wang Mei-hua

613

war, possible, over Taiwan

–

military threat to Taiwan from the PRC

warplanes, Chinese, carried out simulation attack on US aircraft carrier

warships, U.S./Chinese near collision

Wars of the Roses

Wauters, B.

Weber, Max

Weggel, Oskar

Weimar Republic

Weng, Byron

Werner, W. G.

–

–

Western Sahara

Western Schism

West Francia

Westphalia, Peace of

–

white papers

1993 and 2000 (PRC)

–

–

2019 (PRC)

2022 (PRC)

Relations across the Taiwan Straits (MAC)

–

White Terror

Wilde, Jaap de

Wilde, Ralph

William the Conqueror

–

will to statehood

–

–

–

–

–

definition

–

and Treaty of San Francisco

123

Wirtschaftswunder, Taiwan

–

Wolfke, Karol

263

Wolfowitz, Paul

Wolfrum, Rüdiger

329

World Customs Organization (WCO)

617

World Health Organization (WHO), General Assembly (Health Assembly)

617

World Trade Organization (WTO)

616

World War II

–

Cairo Declaration

;

Japanese Instrument of Surrender

;

Potsdam Declaration

Worms, Edict of

176

Wouters, Jan

on acquisitive prescription

383

on effective authority

–

on land boundaries

on recognition of a state

on territory

on treaties

Wright, Julie

Wright, Quincy

–

–

Wu kingdom

–

Wuqiu Islands

504

Wushe Rebellion

–

Wu Shu-chen

612

Xiamen

Xiaoliuqiu Island

504

Xi Jinping

called to prepare for war, October 2018

commander-in-chief of the joint forces battle command center

–

concerns that he will try to take Taiwan by force by 2027

793

has presidency for life

met Ma Ying-jeou

on the military

“New Asian security concept for new progress in security cooperation”

pictured during a state visit to Ecuador

on the “rejuvenation of the Chinese nation”

on the “reunification” of Taiwan with the Chinese motherland

–

Xinhai Revolution

110

Xuantong

Yahuda, Michael

621

Yang Hsi-kun

766

Yang Hucheng

Yang Ti, Emperor

Yannis, Alexandros

–

Yasuhide Nakayama

Yemen, and Eritrea

Yi-Ching Ho, Elena

–

Yoji Koda

518

Yoshihide Suga

582

Young, Jason

616

Yuan dynasty

Yuans

–

Yuan Shikai

–

Yuchun Lan

612

–

613

Yung-lo, Emperor

Yunlin Massacre

Zelikow, Philip

–

Zelo domus dei

Zhang Xueliang

Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga)

–