Index
References are to the English texts in this book. All Hebrew texts are included in the English translation and are therefore not indexed.
Abraham
150–152, 264, 276
Adam the first
140, 264
aesthetics
beautiful, the
23, 33, 43, 80, 82, 86, 92, 98
sublime, the
43, 76n4, 80, 82, 86, 308
affects
43, 70–80, 100, 104
doctrine of (Affektenlehre)
246n1
effects of melitsah on (see under melitsah)
See also sentiments
Albo, Joseph
318
Allgemeine Bibliothek der biblischen Litteratur (periodical)
13
Apis (god)
142
approbations, rabbinic (haskamot)
3, 22, 29, 30, 31
arts, fine
26–28
Ascher, Saul
32n83
Babylon
41, 172n1, 174, 176, 178n3, 194, 198, 200, 256na
Balaam
106, 228
Ben Menaḥem, Moshe. See Mendelssohn, Moses
Ben Ze’ev, Judah Leib
13, 14n27
Bertinoro (Bartenura), Obadiah de
35, 172
Bible scholarship, German
5–6, 8, 13–14, 34, 39, 40, 98, 114, 256na
Blair, Hugh
35
Blitz, Yekutiel
31
Bomberg, Daniel
296nb
Bril, Joel
in Breslau
10–12
as Mendelssohn’s disciple
21, 23
proponent of Haskalah
10–12
reception of
13
as translator and commentator
21–24, 33–35, 46–47
upbringing
11
Bril, Joel: original works, translation, commentary
Amudei ha-Lashon
12, 84n1, 86n2, 188n1, 226n1, 254n2
commentary on the Song of Deborah
23
Ḥamesh Megillot (Five Scrolls; trans., comm., with Aaron Wolfssohn)
11
[Ḥamischa ḥumschei] Torah (Pentateuch translation)
12
Luḥot Binyanei ha-Pe’alim
12
Megillat Shir ha-Shirim (Song of Songs commentary; with Aaron Wolfssohn)
11
Schreiben an die würdigen Mitglieder sämtlicher ḥevrot gemilut ḥasadim
12
Seder Haggadah al Pessaḥ (Haggadah translation)
11
Sefer Minḥah Tehorah (Tre Assar; translation and commentary, with others)
11
Sefer Yonah (book of Jonah, translation and commentary)
11, 264nb
Sefer Zemirot Yisra’el (introductions)
1 and passim
Sefer Zemirot Yisra’el (Psalms commentary)
2–3, 22–24, 48, 252nna–b, 254nnb–c, 256nb, 315–316, 320–325, 327–329
cantillations
23, 280n2
ceremonial law
7, 9, 17, 32, 42, 44, 48
Chardin, John
138
Chronicles, book of
168, 296
circumcision
36, 112n3
Cramer, Johann Andreas
39n107, 250n1
dance
142
Daniel, book of
182, 194, 206, 296
David (king)
elegy for Saul and Jonathan (see under Samuel, book of)
as King of Israel
16, 40, 94–96, 162–168, 176
as musician
104, 162, 164, 178, 186
as psalmist
4, 18, 20, 45, 150, 174, 232, 240, 264–270, 276–278, 282, 288–294
and Saul
162, 164
Dayan, Daniel ben Judah
106n5
Deborah (prophet)
150
Song of (see under Judges, book of)
delayed burial
12, 180
Deluge, the
138, 140
De’ Rossi, Azariah
35, 36, 38, 98n2, 114, 134, 136na
Destruction, the
7, 18, 19, 138, 268, 272
Dhyrenfurth
318, 322
Ecclesiastes, book of
12, 296
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried
13, 33, 39, 40, 256na, 294na, 296nb
Elijah (prophet)
160
Elisha (prophet)
158, 160
Enlightenment, German
2, 15, 17, 25, 26
Esther, book of
296
Euchel, Isaac
3, 10, 11, 26, 28, 33, 35, 41, 96na, 98na
announcement of Sefer Zemirot Yisra’el
18–21
on Mendelssohn’s Psalms translation
16–22, 24
exile
5, 16, 18, 40–41, 194, 268
Exile, mythology of
9, 18–20, 49
Exodus, the
44, 48, 112, 140
Exodus, book of
47
Song of Ha’azinu
44, 45, 106, 112, 276
Song of the Sea
32, 36, 41, 44–45, 106, 112, 114, 122
Ezekiel (prophet)
24
Ezra, book of
296
Figo, Azariah
318
figures of speech (melitsah, rhetorical figures)
allegory
96, 98
parable
92–100, 154, 232
personification
78, 98
presentification
80
riddle
96, 154, 232
simile
92–100
Fischer, Carl (censor)
319
Fischer, Moses
22n51
Five Scrolls
11
Forkel, Johann Nicholas
38, 40, 86n1, 136na, 146n6
Friedländer, David
2, 3, 11, 26–27, 33, 46, 49, 260
and Haskalah causes
26–27
and Mendelssohn’s Psalms translation
16–17, 20
Genesis, book of
138
Genette, Gérard
30–31
God
covenant with Israel
9, 41, 44, 49, 112, 212
evil spirit of
104, 164, 166n1
image of
44, 45, 76
inspiration by
102, 104, 270, 292
of Israel (see also Israel, Nation of)
44, 112, 156, 269
musical worship of
160n2, 168, 212, 232, 240, 250, 252, 262–264, 290, 298
spirit of
42, 45, 110, 148, 152, 164
wrath of
146
golden calf
142
Habakkuk, prayers of
244
Haftorot
12
Haggadah, Passover Haggadah
11
hagiographa
14
Halevi, Judah
19n43, 160n2
Halevi, Judah Loeb
318
Ha-Me’asef (periodical)
2, 10–12, 18, 20, 22–23, 25–26, 28, 31, 260
announcement of Sefer Zemirot Yisra’el (see under Euchel, Isaac)
Ḥamesh Megillot. See Five Scrolls
haskamot. See approbations
Ḥavurat Matsdikei ha-Rabbim
26–27
Hebraism
6, 38, 144n3
Herder, Johann Gottfried
17, 34, 38–41, 70n1, 86n1, 98, 114, 136na
Herz, Marcus
92na
Ḥevrat Ḥinukh Ne’arim
Jewish Free School (Jüdische Freischule)
1, 2
printing house
1, 2, 5, 11–13, 22, 26, 28–30, 47,49, 315
Ḥevrat Dorshei Leshon Ever
2, 10–11, 17, 21, 25–27
Ḥevrat Shoḥarei ha-Tov ve-ha-Tushiyah
25–29
Hezekiah (king)
174
holy tongue
12, 16, 23, 32
Hume, David
72n1
Ibn Adonyah, Jacob ben Hayim
296n2
Ibn Ezra, Abraham
150na, 242, 254, 326
Psalms commentary
242
Ibn Melekh, Solomon
326
Ibn Yaḥya, Joseph
264
idolatry
42, 110, 112
introductions to Jewish Bible translation (genre)
3, 5–9, 13–14, 30–34
Isaiah (prophet)
37, 112
Israel, nation of
birth in song
7, 45, 110, 112
covenant with God
9, 41, 44, 49, 112
and God
41, 45, 112–114, 156, 269
Kingdom of
164, 174
poetry of
13, 17, 32, 42, 48, 110
redemption of
17–19, 21, 26, 112
revival of
9, 15–18, 25, 28, 41, 44, 49
Itzig, Isaac Daniel
2, 26, 27, 46
Jacob
140
Jephthah’s daughter
146
Jeremiah (prophet)
154, 156, 162na, 178, 268n3, 278
Jeremiah, book of
16n33, 162
Jerome (saint)
180n2, 186
Job, book of
32, 98n1, 106, 110, 228, 296
Jonah, book of
11
Joresch, Aaron
3, 11
Joresch, Riesel
3, 11
Josephus, Flavius
7, 38, 136na, 140, 172, 186, 190
Joshua
144
Josiah (prophet)
174, 178
Jubal
7, 138, 140, 202
Judges, book of
era of the judges
144–145
Song of Deborah
23, 106, 146, 290na
Kabbalah
9
Kant, Immanuel
10
Karo, Joseph
22n52
Kellner, Johannes
4n7
Kimḥi, David (Radak)
13, 16n33, 38, 156na, 190, 218, 242, 268n1
Psalms commentary
40, 250n2, 268n1, 282n2, 326
Kings, book of
156na
Kircher, Athanasius
182n3, 246n1
Königliche Wilhelmsschule (Jewish state school, Breslau)
12
Königsberg
2, 10, 15, 17, 21, 25–27
Lamentations, book of
13, 106, 180, 274, 296
language of reason
70–74, 82, 86, 102, 106
language of sentiment
70–74, 78, 82–86, 104–106, 152
Lanzburg, Shemaya
22n52
Lavater, Johann Caspar
15
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim
47, 72n1
Levi, Avigdor
21, 22n51
Levin, Saul
22n52
Levin, Zevi Hirsch
22n52
Levita, Elijah (Elijah Bahur)
35, 296
Levites
19, 41, 168–174, 210, 232, 240, 256, 290
Asaph
150, 168–172, 220, 232, 240, 264, 266
Ethan the Ezrahite
170, 220, 266, 274–276, 294
Heman the Ezrahite
150, 168–172, 220, 232, 264, 266
Jeduthun
150, 168–172, 220–222, 232, 240, 258, 264–266, 276, 284, 290–294
Kohathites
274
Korahites
274
Korah, sons of
258, 264–266, 272–274, 284, 290–294
See also psalmists
logic
43, 70, 74, 84, 90, 104, 266, 278
Longinus, Cassius
80nn2–3
Löwe, Joel. See Bril, Joel
Löwe, Moses Samuel (Johann Michael Siegfried Löwe)
4, 28
Löwisohn, Salomon (Shlomo)
13, 66n2, 76n2
Lowth, Robert
36, 37, 80n2, 106n1, 160n2
Luzzatto, Moses Ḥayim
76n2, 84n1
lyric poetry. See under melitsah
See also song
Maimonides, Moses (Moshe Ben Maimon)
84n1, 106n5, 152n2, 154n1, 170, 210na, 220n2, 230na, 268n3
Maimon, Solomon
46, 49
Mapu, Abraham
66n2
Masorah
3, 22, 23, 39, 256, 296, 280
Melchizedek
264
melits
as poet, orator
74, 76, 84, 92, 98, 100, 102, 150
as prophet
114
melitsah of Hebrew Scripture
36–37, 70–76, 110 and passim
as aesthetics
43, 80
bad uses of
104
effect on the affects
70–76
essence of
110
as figurative speech (see figures of speech)
inspired by God
110
as lyric poetry (see also song)
45, 48, 104–110
and other poetic cultures
110–114
plain
43, 66, 68, 106
as poetic speech and rhetoric
32, 66, 68, 70, 78, 82–86, 92, 100–104
properties of
40, 42, 43, 44, 74, 76, 78–98
Mendele Moykher Sforim (Sholem Yankev Abramovitsh)
66n2
Mendelssohn, Moses
aesthetics
5, 6, 12, 14, 43, 80n2, 82n1, 106n1
on biblical poetry
36–37, 66–68, 114–134
on living script
42n114, 110n5
metaphysics
90na
political theology
5, 6, 12, 14, 42
translation method
5–6, 9, 14–17, 20–23, 32–33, 66–68, 114–134, 300
Mendelssohn, Moses: original works, translation, commentary
Be’ur Milot ha-Higayon
230n1
commentary on Song of the Sea (Exod 15)
32, 36, 41, 43, 44, 114
Jerusalem oder über religiöse Macht und Judenthum
15, 48, 74n1
Kohelet Musar
22
Morgenstunden, oder Vorlesungen über das Dasein Gottes
29
Or li-Netivah
5, 6, 14, 22, 31, 32, 66–68, 114
Psalmen, die (Psalms translation)
1, 14–22, 32, 45, 48, 238na
“Robert Lowth: Rezension”
36n92, 160n2
Sefer Megillat Kohelet
12n20
Sefer Netivot ha-Shalom (Pentateuch translation and commentary; Be’ur)
3–6, 13–14, 22–25, 32, 36, 41, 48, 66, 98n3, 114, 208, 238na, 260na, 278na
Messer Leon, Judah
70n1, 76n2
messiah
9, 16, 19
metaphysics
80na, 88, 90, 92
Midrash
38, 40, 282
on Psalms
19n43, 176n1, 188
Miriam (prophet)
140, 142, 150
Mitleid (compassion, sympathy)
72n1
Moritz, Karl Philipp
33
Moscato, Judah
35
Moses
44, 45, 106, 112, 138–140, 144, 264, 276–278
Song of Ha’azinu (see under Exodus, book of)
Song of the Sea (see under Exodus, book of)
musical instruments, biblical
genera
182
species
140–142
study of (organology)
38–39, 180–226
musical instruments, biblical: individual names
al alamot
224
ayelet ha-shaḥar
220, 222
gittit
220
ḥalil
202–204, 224
ḥatsotsra
142, 144, 210–212
keren
208–210
kinnor
138, 144, 184–188
kithros
194–196
maḥalat
216
maḥol
216
mashrokita
204
mena’ane’im
218
metsiltayim, tseltselim
218–220
minim
200
mut laban
220
neḥilot
nevel
144, 188–192
nevel al-almot
194, 198, 224
nevel Assor
192–194
psanterin
198–200
sabkha
196–198
shalishim
218
shofar
142, 144, 208–210
shoshan edut
222
shoshanim
220
sumpunia
206
tof
140, 142, 214
tsiltselei shama
tsiltselei teru’ah
ugav
138, 144, 200–202
yedutun
222
yonat elem reḥokim
220
yovel
208–210
music in ancient Israel
7–9, 26–27, 37–39
aesthetics
33, 34, 38, 39, 104–106, 108, 228–230, 236
history of
136–180
instrumental
8, 104, 178, 180–182
and lyric poetry (see also song)
16–19, 104–108, 114, 142, 150, 158, 227, 232, 274
practice, instrumental music
226–242, 232–238
secular
176–180
temple, in the
168–174, 256–258
vocabulary in Hebrew Scripture
226–248
and women
142–146, 176
Naḥal ha-Besor (Stream of Good Tidings)
25, 26
Najara, Israel
4n7
Nathan (prophet)
174
national literatures
6, 9, 13, 17, 41
natural religion
15, 17, 42n114, 48
Nehemiah, book of
296
Niebuhr, Carsten
140, 142na
North Pole
18
Onkelos
66
Orientalische Buchdruckerei. See under Ḥevrat Ḥinukh Ne’arim
Orientalism, German
6, 34, 37, 38
Pentateuch
3, 12, 106, 282, 296nb
Pesaro, Aaron
318
Pfeiffer, August Friedrich
8n12, 37–38, 136na
philanthropy
26–28
Portaleone, Abraham
35, 38, 136na, 144, 186, 192, 200, 204
prayer
258, 260, 290, 298
See also under psalms: species
printers and printing houses, Hebrew
Alafin, Israel HaCohen (Warsaw)
329
Badische Privilegierte hebräische Buchdruckerei (Karlsruhe)
323
Ben Menaḥem, Joseph Reuven (Vilna)
327
Diesbach, Sebastian (Prague)
319
Fleckeles, Meïr (Prague)
319
Ḥinukh Ne’arim (Berlin). See under Ḥevrat Ḥinukh Ne’arim
Landau, Moses Halevy (Prague)
324, 329
Monasch, D.L. (Krotoschin)
325
Schmid, Anton (Vienna)
316, 319, 320, 324, 325
Segal Spitz, Abraham (Offenbach)
316, 322
Segal, Zvi Hirsch (Offenbach)
316
Sulzbach, Löbel (Breslau)
320, 321
Verlag M.E. Löwys Sohn (Budapest/Vienna)
328, 330
Warschauer, Hirsch and Marcus (Dhyrenfurth)
322
Zirndorffer, Isaac ben David (Fürth)
317, 318, 326
prophecy
35, 41, 148–156
false
154
in God’s spirit
114, 148, 152, 292
prophets
false
154
as lyric poets, musicians
150, 158
pagan
154
possessed by evil spirit
154
possessed by God’s spirit
152
in Ramah
156, 162, 164
sons of the
24, 148, 156–162
as teachers
150–152
the term
148–156
See also names of individual prophets
Proverbs, book of
296
psalmists (composers of the psalms)
264–278
See also Levites
Psalms, book of
commentaries on. See individual commentators by name
history of
288–296
practice of singing
40, 45, 298–302
Psalm 137
19, 41, 176
structure
280–288
translation, Christian
18, 21, 107, 250n1
translation, Jewish (see also Yiddish)
18, 19, 21, 25, 42, 49
psalms: species
Maskil
256–258
Mikhtam
254–256
Shigayon
262
Tefillah
258–260
Tehilah
262
psychology
78, 100, 309
See also under soul, the
Rabbinic Bible
3, 23, 264n1,296n2, 318n2
Rashi, Psalms commentary
94, 148, 316, 318, 320–329
Rehoboam (king)
172
revelation, divine
44, 45, 102n8, 150n2, 268n3, 269n3, 297
Ruth, book of
16, 296
Samuel, book of
20, 166
David’s elegy for Saul and Jonathan
106, 178
Samuel (prophet)
144–148, 156, 158, 162–168, 178
Sanwil, Shmuel
22n52
Satanow (ben Moshe Halevi), Isaac
11, 26n64, 32, 33, 96na, 98na
Saul (king)
96, 104, 148, 162–166, 178, 286
selah
39, 242–248
Semler, Johann Salomo
296n2
sentiments
43, 78, 82, 90, 102, 104, 108, 309
Sforno, Obadiah
3
Psalms commentary
4, 29, 35, 48, 315, 318, 323
Shabbetai of Janow (Shabbetai ben David of Janow)
22, 29
Sheridan, Thomas
70n1
Smolenskin, Perez
66n2
Society for the Promotion of the Good and the Beneficent. See Ḥevrat Shoḥarei ha-Tov ve-ha-Tushiyah
Society of Seekers of Hebrew Literature. See Ḥevrat Dorshei Leshon Ever
Solomon (king)
96, 172–176, 266, 278
song (lyric poetry) in ancient Israel
art of
136–138
birth of the nation in
9, 17, 44–45, 112
compared to plain poetry
108–110
exilic loss of
18–19, 41
forms of
226–230
as a genre of melitsah
36–37, 104–108
names of, in Hebrew Scripture
254–264
practice of singing
108, 220, 226–230, 232–236
principle of
40, 104–110, 114–134
Song of Deborah. See under Judges, book of
Song of Ha’azinu. See under Exodus, book of
Song of the Sea. See under Exodus, book of
song of Zion
4, 19
species of
250–252
See also under melitsah
Song of Songs
12, 33n85
sons of the prophets. See under prophets
soul, the
faculties of
80, 82, 88, 94, 98–100, 156na
immortality of
15
metaphysics of (see also metaphysics)
90, 311
perfection of
86, 88, 90
science of (see also psychology)
78, 100, 309
Spinoza, Benedict de
35, 36, 70n3, 150n2
subscriptions
to subsequent editions of Sefer Zemirot Yisra’el
47, 315, 316, 317, 321, 326
to Sefer Zemirot Yisra’el
2, 4–5, 29, 313
Sulzer, Johann Georg
35, 37, 106n1
Talmud
38, 49, 136na, 210na, 204, 208, 266, 276, 280, 288, 292na, 298
Targum
21, 23
Targum Jonathan
158, 198, 200, 202
Temple, the
destruction of
18, 19, 268
musical worship in (see also under Levites)
38, 45, 168–174
Te’omim, Joseph
22n52
Tibbonian translations (Judah Ibn Tibbon, Samuel ibn Tibbon)
46, 160n2, 84n1
Tikkun Soferim
23
translation, Bible
German approaches
17, 41
maskilim’s approach
6, 11–18, 20–25, 30–33, 41, 48, 66, 68
See also under Mendelssohn, Moses
Tsene-Rene
12
Weil, Meir Simḥa
22n52
Wessely, Naphtali Herz (Naphtali Herz Weisel)
15, 17, 32, 33, 35, 48, 150n4
Witzenhausen, Joseph
31
Wolfssohn (Halle), Aaron
11, 12n20, 33n85
Yiddish
12, 19, 21, 25, 31, 32, 49
Zechariah (prophet)
160
Zohar
222n5
Zunz, Leopold
49