Index
abbess
294
Acropolis, Athens
107–117, 121–123
Acropolis, Oinoanda
221
Ada, Carian queen
38
Adea-Eurydike, Macedonian queen
21–25, 37–38
Aegina
123
Aglauros
113–114
agoge
131–132
agonothetes, female
136–137, 140–142
agora
110, 221
Agrippina Maior
195
Agrippina Minor
46, 50, 54, 57, 60, 183–184
Alexandria
26, 60, 70, 76, 88–89, 148, 150–152, 166–167, 170
altar
99, 110, 112, 119, 253, 255, 262, 284, 295
Amanirenase, queen of Kush
19, 34
Amanishakheto, queen of Kush
34–35
Amastris, queen of Herakleia
21, 25, 26
Ammianus Marcellinus
75, 77
Amphiareia Romaia
135, 152
ancestry
27–28, 113, 144, 189, 203, 221, 224–225, 228, 230, 232, 234–238, 243, 275
Anicia Juliana
313
Antioch
70, 72, 137, 313
Apama, Seleucid queen
21, 27
Apollo
136
Arianism
74
army
21–23, 27, 30, 32–33, 36–37, 53–54, 65, 72, 75–76, 167–168
arrephoroi
112–113
Arsinoe II, Ptolemaic queen
21, 29, 134, 148
Arsinoe III, Ptolemaic queen
19, 27–29
Artemis
111, 130, 153, 272, 280
Artemisia, Carian queen
38
Asklepieia
136, 154–155
Assyrian
52, 80–81, 83
Athena
107, 111–116, 118, 120–123
Athens
107, 112–113, 121, 123, 131, 134–136, 139–140, 150, 152, 155, 200, 234
Aurelian, Roman emperor
68–72
Bacchanalia
5, 176, 179, 180–181, 183–184
bacchantes
5, 174–179, 181–186, 188–191
Bacchus
174–177, 179, 181, 184, 185–187, 189, 190–191
banquet
5, 13, 141, 249–250, 252–253, 255–257, 260–266
barbarian
67, 69, 71, 76, 78, 174, 198
basilissa
21, 26–27
Bedouin
78
Belistische, Ptolemaic lady
134, 148–149
benefactions
13, 141, 235, 238–241, 243, 291–292, 308, 310, 314–315
Berenike Syra, Ptolemaic princess
27, 134, 148–149
Berenike I, Ptolemaic queen
134, 148
Berenike II, Ptolemaic queen
27–29, 37, 134, 149–150
Boudicca, queen of the Iceni
68, 82, 83
Brauron
111, 129
breast
129, 284
breastfeeding
127, 164
businesswoman
162
Caecilia Metella
200–201
Caracalla, Roman emperor
47, 51–53, 55, 60–61, 71, 137
Cassius Dio
31, 48, 50, 58, 60, 183, 201, 203–204, 207, 209
childbirth
127, 131, 162, 164–165
Cicero
201, 209, 215
circus factions
91
Blues
88, 91
Greens
88, 91
clock time
5, 159, 160, 165–171
Constantinople
75, 88–89, 91, 93, 95–96, 101–103, 294, 302, 311
convivium
249, 262
Cornelia Metella
196–199, 201, 214–215
Cornelius Nepos
201, 208–209
courtesan
149–250, 262
cubicularia
301
cultural interaction
271–272, 281–282
deaconess
293–296, 298–299, 314
Delphi
21, 123, 135–137, 154
Demeter
123, 142
demos
27, 108, 120–123
dignitas
206, 209, 210–213, 215
Dionysiades
131
domestic
3, 7, 89, 127, 132, 143, 173–174, 179, 199, 209, 249, 257, 261, 265, 272
domiseda
195, 203, 216
domus
4, 46–47, 50, 59, 173, 194–196, 210–215
dress
28, 56, 60, 102, 104, 113, 178, 206, 250–254, 257, 260, 265, 270, 272, 281–287
Dura-Europos
5, 270–272, 274–278, 281, 287
Dushfary, princess of Hatra
80
Dynamis, queen of the Bosporus
32
dynasty
37–38, 46, 70, 72–73, 82–83, 143
Argead
20–21, 37
Arsacid
20
Hekatomnid
38
Ptolemaic
37, 133, 134
Seleucid
27
Severan
4, 46, 48, 52, 62
Theodosian
99
Egypt
8, 26, 28, 31, 33–34, 52, 70, 74, 76, 83, 148, 150, 152, 158–161, 163–168, 170–171, 195–198
Elagabalus, Roman emperor
47, 52–54, 56–58, 61–62
Eleusis
116, 121–123
elite
1–2, 4–6, 10–12, 16–17, 48, 50, 80, 108, 132–134, 136, 138, 142–143, 169–171, 195–199, 201, 203–204, 206–207, 210–216, 220, 236–240, 243, 252, 271–273, 275–277, 279, 281–282, 287–288, 308–309, 311–312
Emesa
53, 72, 79, 307–309
epitaph
153, 243, 298, 301, 304, 307
Erechtheion
119
ergastinai
113
Eteoboutadai
112, 115
euergetism
142, 220, 235, 292, 294, 315
Euripides
131, 174, 182, 190
Europaioi
275
Eurydike, Macedonian queen
20–21
exemplum
205, 207, 210
Expositio Totius Mundi et Gentium
78
femininity
12, 28, 46–47, 49, 158–159, 173–174, 176, 179–180, 183, 190, 194
feminism
67
festival
6, 100, 112, 128, 136–138, 141, 143, 148, 163, 222, 229, 235, 241, 274
fines
110–111, 117, 119–122, 224
fire
110–111, 119, 121–123
Flavia Platonis
229, 232–233
footraces for girls
129, 130–132, 136–137, 143–144
forum
4, 194–196
freedwomen
2, 176, 180, 263
Fulvia
19, 201–202, 208–209
funerary monument
2, 5, 17, 77, 135, 170, 194, 196, 198–199, 201, 205, 220, 225, 230, 234, 237, 239, 241, 244, 249, 252–253, 255–257, 260–265, 293, 301–302, 307, 313
Gallienus, Roman emperor
68–69, 76
Ge Kourotrophos
113–114
Gelasius of Caesarea
74
gender
3, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 48–49, 55, 66–67, 90, 102–103, 122, 124, 158–161, 163, 166–167, 169, 171, 174, 179, 180–181, 186–190, 194–195, 260–262, 265, 272–273, 282
genealogy
6, 220, 222–238, 242–244, 273, 275
Geta, Roman emperor
47, 50–51
grandmother
25, 47, 53, 56, 57, 83, 229, 231, 279
guardians, female
23, 37
guardians of women
185, 274, 308, 309
gymnasiarchs, female
139–143
gymnasion
127–130, 134, 138–141, 144
Hatra
80, 286–287
headdress
28–29, 282, 284, 285–287, 312–313
Hekatompedon
107, 111, 116, 120
Hera
123
Heraia
130
Herodian
48–50, 53–56, 58, 60, 62
Hesychius
119, 129
hierarchy
80, 102–103, 136–137, 176, 181, 186–189, 191, 286, 294, 299, 307
hippodrome
91
Historia Augusta
48–51, 53–61, 68–71, 76, 83, 260
horse races
91, 132–136, 138, 149
Hortensia
194–195
host of party
169, 250, 256
household
6, 53, 59, 81, 85, 97, 159–160, 169, 171, 173, 180, 183, 194, 203, 215, 301–302, 312
Hyakinthia
133, 142
imperial cult
13, 128, 138, 142–144, 293–294
independence
2, 59, 75, 181, 261, 263, 265, 275, 295, 307
inheritance
2, 231, 272, 295–296, 298, 309
initiation
130, 135, 176, 180, 189
Isis
116, 169, 176
Isthmia
137
Isthmian Games
134–136, 148–149, 154–155
Jerusalem
99, 300, 302, 310
jewellery
102, 113, 211, 282, 284, 286–287, 309, 312
Julia Balbilla
170
Julia Domna, Roman empress
1, 10–11, 13, 16, 47–52, 55, 59–60, 62
Julia Maesa, Roman empress
47–49, 53–54, 56–57, 60, 62
Julia Mammaea, Roman empress
47–49, 54, 58–60, 62
Julia Soaemias, Roman empress
47–49, 54, 56–57, 60–62
Julian, Roman emperor
77
Justinian, Roman emperor
4, 88–103, 295, 300
Juvenal
183, 195, 197
Kaisareia
137
Kallynteria
113–114
kandake
33–34
Kekropion
110, 119–120
Kekrops
112–113
Kibyra
229, 231–232
Kleopatra, daughter of Philip II
21, 25
Kleopatra II, Ptolemaic queen
30, 152
Kleopatra III, Ptolemaic queen
30
Kleopatra IV, Ptolemaic queen
30
Kleopatra VII, Ptolemaic queen
19, 30–31, 36, 68, 83
kline
253, 259, 262
Kore
123
Kratesipolis, Macedonian ruler
25
Kyniska, Spartan princess
132–134, 148–149
Kynnane, Macedonian princess
21–23, 25, 37–38
Laodike III, Seleucid queen
27, 37
letters by women
5, 159–162, 164–165, 168, 171, 196, 253
Licinnia Flavilla
6, 220, 222, 224–225, 228–238, 240, 242–244
literacy
1, 160–162
Livia, Roman empress
12–13, 46, 50, 137–138, 154, 184, 212–214, 250
Livy
5, 6, 175–181, 183, 185–186, 189, 190, 194
Loutrides
113–114
Maenad
174, 179, 181–184
Malalas
89, 91, 137
Marcia
199, 201
marriage
21, 23, 27, 37, 38, 60, 75, 79, 88, 100, 164, 208, 228–229, 231, 278, 296, 300, 306, 308
masculinity
12, 33, 49, 54–55, 57, 59, 68, 69, 127, 159, 165, 170, 180–181, 183, 194
matron
1–2, 5–6, 10–11, 13, 57, 177–180, 189, 191, 194, 196, 206, 213, 215, 252, 262, 308
Mawia, queen of the Saracens
3, 4, 65–67, 73–79, 82, 83
menstruation
158, 163, 164
Messalina, Roman empress
59, 175, 181–184, 190
monasticism
302, 307, 308
motherhood
6, 14–16, 18, 37, 47, 51, 54, 58, 61, 65, 131–132, 134, 179–181, 183, 191, 198, 208, 210, 214, 221, 237–238, 243, 261
Mousa, Arsacid queen
20
Nabatea
32, 79, 83
neai
129
Neapolis
136–138, 154
Nemea
130, 137
Nemean Games
134, 136, 148–149, 154–155
Nika riots
90–91, 103
Nitocris, Egyptian queen
51–52, 55
nomads
71, 75–76, 78–79, 82
nun
302
Odainath, Palmyrene ruler
69–72
Oinoanda
6, 220–222, 224, 226, 229, 231–232, 234–236, 238, 243–244
Olympia
130, 132–135, 142, 148–149, 152, 154
Olympias, deaconess
294
Olympias, Macedonian queen
19, 21–23, 25, 36–37
oriental
47, 52, 56, 62, 68–69, 71, 76, 79
Orientalism
49, 61
Oropos
135, 152, 200
oven
111, 118–119
Paculla Annia
175–181, 183, 189
pallium
251, 257, 259–260
Palmyra
3, 65, 68–73, 76–77
Panathenaia
112–113, 115, 133–134, 150–152
Pandroseion
114, 123
Pandrosos
112, 114
Parthenon
22, 108, 118–119, 123, 130–133, 138, 149
Parthia
20, 80, 197–198, 270–271, 275, 281
patriarchy
65, 66, 181
patrilineal decent
273, 275–277, 279, 281, 287
patronage
1, 11–12, 14, 38, 189, 224, 231, 235, 272, 291–292, 294–295, 299, 302, 313–314
peplos
112–114
pilgrimage
302, 308
Plancina
195
Plutarch
31, 131, 198, 200–201, 203, 209, 211
Plynteria
113–114
Plyntrides
113
poetess
170
polygyny
80
Pompeia Agrippinilla
6, 175, 184–186, 190
Pompeii
16, 170, 179, 250–251, 257
Portia
195, 201–202, 211
portraits of women
2, 4–5, 32, 101–102, 272–273, 281–284, 287, 309–313, 315
Posidippus
26, 29, 134, 149, 170
Praxiergidai
113–115
pregnancy
5, 164–165, 171
prestige
6, 39, 57, 130, 133, 135–136, 229, 233, 236–238, 242, 263–264, 276–277, 281, 308, 312
priest
6, 53, 111–112, 116, 119, 121, 123, 177, 185–186, 188–189, 228, 241, 270, 284, 286, 293, 297
priestess
2, 6, 13, 81–82, 107–124, 142–144, 153, 174–175, 177–179, 186, 189, 191, 213, 249, 272, 293
Procopius
4, 88–95, 97, 103–104
Propertius
129, 131, 144, 199, 201
property
2, 58, 82, 115, 123, 194, 203, 210, 215, 274, 302, 308–309
proscriptions
204–205, 207, 210, 215
publicity
2, 128, 173
pudicitia
46, 59, 174, 180–181, 190
Pythian Games
136, 154, 155
Queen of Sheba
79
Ravenna
4, 90, 96–97, 99–103, 312
Rhodiapolis
230, 238–239, 241–242, 244
Rome
1–5, 8–9, 11–16, 19, 46–48, 50, 52, 56, 67, 69, 70–73, 76–77, 82, 135–137, 175, 178–179, 187, 195–196, 198, 202–204, 206, 208, 210–212, 214–216, 240–243, 249–250, 253, 255, 262, 263, 311
Roxane, wife of Alexander
21
Rufinus
74, 76
Sabina, Roman empress
170
sacrifice
14, 109–114, 119–121, 178–179, 182, 208
of Konon (painting)
270, 280, 282, 284–287
Salaminioi
114–115
Salome Alexandra, queen of Judea
19, 20, 32
salles à gradins at Dura-Europos
272–280, 287
Samsi, Assyrian queen
80–81
Saracens
3, 73–78
Sardanapalus, Assyrian king
52
Sebasta (Naples)
137–138, 154, 157
Sebasteia (Athens)
136, 155
self-representation
130, 236, 271–272, 293, 309
Semiramis, Assyrian queen
49, 51–52, 55, 61–62, 68
senatorial rank, women of
57, 137–138, 187, 287, 294, 301, 303, 305, 307, 311
Septimius Severus, Roman emperor
47–48, 50, 59, 137
Severan
4, 46, 48–49, 52–55, 59, 62, 70, 83
Severus Alexander, Roman emperor
47–48, 52–53, 58
sexualisation
131
sexuality
59, 183
Shaqilar, Nabatean queen
32
Shaqilath II, Nabatean queen
79
singing
56, 136, 170
Socrates Scholasticus
74–76, 82
Sophia, Roman empress
212
Sozomen
74, 76
Sparta
128–129, 131–133, 136–139, 142–144, 148–150, 154, 165, 229
synthesis (dress)
257–258, 260
Tabua, Assyrian queen
80–81
Tacitus
54, 57, 59, 94, 182–184, 190, 252
Tamiai
107–118, 120, 121–123
Te’elhunu, Assyrian queen
80–81
Temple of Artemis at Dura-Europos
272–273, 276–280
Temple of Atargatis at Dura-Europos
272–273, 279–280
Temple of Azzanathkona at Dura-Europos
272–274, 280–281
Temple of Bel at Dura-Europos
270, 273, 282, 284–287
Temple of Zeus at Aizanoi
223, 241
Temple of Zeus Theos at Dura-Europos
273, 277–278, 282–283, 286–287
Teuta, Illyrian queen
19, 20, 38
Theodora, Roman empress
4, 88–90, 92–104, 312
theoroi, female
142
Thessalonike, Macedonian princess
21
thiasos
6, 186–189, 191
toga
56, 208, 254, 257, 260
topos
4, 67, 69, 82
training for women
22, 23, 128, 131
travel by women
2, 72, 162–164, 170, 195–200, 206, 209–210, 214, 216
treasure
34, 107–108, 110–123, 185, 204, 224
Turia
11–12, 201–202, 205–206, 210–211
tutela mulierum
208
Valens, Roman emperor
65, 74–77
Velleius Paterculus
201–202, 205, 209, 212–214
victors, female
144, 148–157
Vindolanda
198, 253, 260
Wahballat, Palmyrene ruler
65, 68, 71
warrior queens
3–4, 18–19, 21–22, 26, 29, 32–33, 65–70, 72–73, 76, 82
Zakoroi
108, 111, 115–121
Zenobia, Palmyrene ruler
3, 65–66, 68–73, 76, 79, 82–83
Zeus
113, 119, 280, 286
Zosimus
69, 71–72, 77