Index of Subjects
Accord (between Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, 1648)
237, 289, 294, 295n35, 298
ackerbürgerlich
24n31
Adalbert I (Prince-Abbot)
291, 300
Address to the German Nobility (1520)
61
adiaphorism
388
Adriatic Sea
52
Advent
138–39, 225
Aesop fable
66
affiliation
198–99, 218, 264, 283, 304, 334
affliction
179, 187, 189, 194
agrarian
141, 290
cycle
210
Agricola, Franciscus
72, 96n257
agriculture/-ral
4, 24, 26, 108, 190, 194, 198, 227–28, 410
economy, agricultural
environment
10, 84, 143, 165, 175, 179, 186, 190
existence
1–2, 13, 166, 196
terrain
24, 31, 164, 166, 214, 256
agriculturalist
190–93, 195
age of
9
Alemanni
22
altar
149, 169, 312–13, 325, 334, 374, 386
instruments
129, 373, 386
Anabaptism
3
Anabaptist
9, 47n1, 68, 73, 75, 79, 86, 90, 240, 243, 322
anachronism
59, 258–59, 263
Andreä, Jacob
67–68, 91
Anglican
9, 47n1
animal
2, 9, 23–25, 75, 169, 191, 288
husbandry
9, 191
animating force
4, 9, 10, 16, 22, 24, 33, 36, 43, 44, 46, 77, 107, 116, 119, 199, 227, 232, 411
devitalization of
412
Antichrist
71, 73
Antitrinitarians
47n1
apostate
54, 72, 396
apostle
67, 76, 168, 326–27
apostles’ days
138, 300
Apostles’ Creed
168
apostolic
6, 9, 63, 65, 70, 73, 75, 213, 219, 388, 393
Appellation (1529)
98
archdeaconry
27, 29
Fritzlar
27, 29
Hofgeismar
27, 29
St. Stephan
27, 29
Arianism
25
aristocracy
13, 24, 30, 32, 34, 62, 71, 75–76, 102, 109, 136, 156, 372
noble
Arndt, Ernst Moritz
189
Arndt, Johann
122
artistic
59, 167, 193
Ascension Day
299
Athanasian creed
388
Augsburg Confession (1530)
47, 59, 70, 70n123, 73, 76, 85, 98, 100, 102, 143n9, 239, 250, 315, 387–88
adherent of
62–63, 66, 68, 70, 73, 74, 82, 84, 96n257, 99, 102, 106, 112n5, 241, 251, 290
Apology of (1531)
67
elements of
76
religion of
59, 68, 82, 88, 105
Auslauf (“walking out”)
78, 86, 88, 278, 280–84, 289, 297–98, 319–20, 328, 336, 406
autonomy
15, 21, 27–28, 30, 32, 36–37, 88, 114–15, 125, 138, 159, 208, 223, 335, 399
awakening
233
Bach, Johann Sebastian
184, 312
bakery
218, 221, 300
balcony
123, 152, 157, 168–69, 186–87, 338–39
Balthasar von Dernbach (Prince-Abbot)
64, 82, 105, 105n301, 106–7
baptism
4n5, 41, 54, 58, 73, 81, 81n185, 89–90, 94–95, 107, 112, 138, 155, 214, 223, 254, 280, 293, 338
conflict related to
69, 69n118, 71, 121, 205–6, 267–69, 300, 371, 390, 396
fees related to
35, 269, 290
occasion of
1, 206
petition concerning
9, 43, 127–34, 136, 140, 143, 199–200, 392, 395
right or ruling concerning
26, 27–30, 226, 248, 259, 264, 267–68, 271–72, 290, 306, 318
baptismal font
94n248, 107, 131, 155, 209, 215–16, 257
Baptists
213, 219
barn
9, 175
church converted into a
348
converted into a church
228
and inscription
159–60, 182–84, 190–94, 214, 411
and its construction
166
parish
214, 218, 237
and worship services
238, 287, 297
baroque
167–69
peasant (Bauernbarock)
167–68
beasts
74, 75, 249
belief
6, 27, 49n7, 50, 54–55, 57, 59, 79, 96, 232–33, 317, 319, 344, 370, 396
differing
59
erroneous
96, 143, 271
policing
274
un-
322, 356
bell
13, 140, 160, 194, 260
and denominational collaboration
303, 313
and denominational conflict
296–97, 301, 324, 380, 382–85, 388
and funeral
170, 174, 176
making or repair of
43, 80, 109, 229, 337
-ringer
40, 256, 269, 333
and worship service
134, 152, 239, 312, 314, 341, 402
benefice
35, 107
Bergius, Conrad
65
von Berlepsch
106
Bible
57, 64, 91, 94, 100, 158, 176, 314, 317, 405
“God’s Word”
biblical
59, 69, 143, 159, 168, 176, 179, 187, 332, 354
Biedermeier
179
Black Death (1347–1353)
2, 4, 28, 32, 106
blasphemy
54, 96n257, 148, 255
Book of Concord (1580)
2, 4, 28, 32, 106
border
86, 160, 166–67, 198, 210, 223, 247, 262, 265, 279, 282–83, 299, 319, 406
boundary
32, 48, 50–51, 89n219, 160, 187n150, 248, 248n15, 255, 272, 281, 283, 334
boy
49, 152, 162, 296, 301, 313, 322, 358, 382
Boyneburg
70, 89, 102
bread
182, 186, 191, 194–95, 269, 300, 366
Breitinger, Johann Jakob
63
bride
96n257, 162, 226, 266
bridge
114, 221, 229, 310n9, 372
bureaucracy
7, 44, 116, 131, 141–42, 243, 249, 279, 304, 322, 367, 406
burgher
49, 54, 59, 85n206
burial
95, 172, 176, 303, 318, 341
authorization or rights concerning
28–30, 264, 271, 290
Christian
1, 74, 91
dispute concerning
13, 128–29, 200n14, 222–23, 262, 291
service
170–71, 173, 209, 213
site or ground
131, 169–73, 209
Calvin, John
60–61, 63, 70, 168, 254n53, 312, 387
theology of
22, 68, 88, 88n217, 143, 159, 285, 317, 389
Calvinism
3, 232, 328
Calvinist
6, 7, 47n1, 74, 79, 100–101, 169, 252, 254, 257, 283, 296, 402
crypto-
388
“error” or “heresy”
64–65, 68–70, 70n123, 71, 90, 101–2, 254
Carolingian
21, 24, 52
carpenter
74, 182, 196–97
Castilian
54
catechism
280
association with
91, 95–96, 102
and the evangelical Union
314–15, 317, 324, 325, 328–29, 331–32, 343, 356–57, 364, 387, 397
and heresy
68
instruction
9, 118, 120, 123, 136, 146, 149, 209, 215, 270, 272, 290
cemetery
27, 39, 166, 229, 242, 386, 409
claim regarding
112, 258–59, 345
collaboration related to
303–4, 341–42
(re)construction related to
13, 125, 128, 222–23
dispute related to
257, 269, 271
and gravestones
176–77
localization of
169–72, 172n125, 173–76, 216, 226, 227
maintenance of
35, 156
censorship
302
Center Party
224
ceremony
46, 69, 103, 106, 139, 160, 273, 304, 347
Chalcedonian creed
388
Charlemagne
3, 35, 55
Charles V (Emperor)
59, 60, 67, 298
Chatti
22
chicken
42, 118, 214
chiliastic
195
choir
152, 174, 176, 382, 402
Christendom
5, 21, 58, 232
Imperial
57, 234
Latin
4, 5, 47n1, 51–54, 56, 58, 60, 65, 97, 234, 316, 409
“last”
234, 241
“lost”
241
micro-
21
rural
234
Christian
monism
6, 51, 54, 62, 72, 74, 89, 92, 95, 98–100, 102–3, 238, 242, 248, 255, 263, 270–71, 278
pluralism
6–7, 8, 57, 62, 74, 89, 94n248, 98, 237, 241, 252, 255, 263, 265, 270–71, 278
post-
234, 410
Christianity
and the Gemeinde
2, 5, 10, 45–46, 77, 94–96, 116–17, 112, 142, 174, 208–9, 211, 216, 220, 232
as an animating force
16–22
communal
46, 81
Christianization
1–3, 16, 27, 44, 77, 106, 119, 141, 155–56, 166, 225, 306
de-
198
re-
198
Christmas
129, 225, 382
Christoph of Württemberg (Duke)
68
church festival (Kirchweih)
131
civil-sacred unity
of Latin Christendom
51–54, 58
of German-speaking cities
54–55, 59
of the Holy Roman Empire
55–57, 59–60
of Imperial territories
57, 60, 99
and the rural Gemeinde
1, 4–5, 7–10, 41–42, 45, 51, 76, 79, 99, 115, 141, 211, 230–32, 237–38, 240, 242–43, 246–47, 257–58, 262, 278–79, 285, 289, 303–4, 307–8, 319, 327, 330, 351–52, 365, 373, 375, 384, 389, 392–94, 399–400, 405–6
civilization
26, 233, 234, 407
civilizing process
274
cloister
33–34, 45, 64, 105, 114, 155, 165, 165n98, 226, 288
monastery
coexercise of religion
242, 263n3, 300–301
coexistence
6, 6n6, 60, 98, 104n295, 240–41, 247n13, 262, 262n1, 265, 270, 276–78, 319, 389
collaboration
279, 303, 306–8, 346, 352, 364, 375, 389
“common man”
38, 87, 316, 333, 354
communalization
2–3, 16, 37, 40, 44, 77, 106, 119, 141, 156, 160
conciliarism
53
confessionalization
47, 50, 81, 86, 89n219, 210, 230, 232, 247n13, 407
re-
379, 407
Confessionalization thesis
273–74
confirmation
134, 272
arranging for
145, 203, 305
and cases of mixed denominations
262, 271–72, 280, 304–5, 307
concerning the localization of
125, 139
and the evangelical Union
318, 322, 324–29, 336, 338, 342, 346, 358–59, 364, 366–67, 370–73, 376, 381, 392, 397, 399
instruction
9, 201, 223, 227
language surrounding
102–3, 254
service
1, 136–37, 160–61, 163
conscience
61, 87, 90, 93–95, 103, 132, 299–300, 302, 318, 322, 327–28, 355
freedom of
240, 263, 272, 278, 299, 302, 314, 318–19, 322, 359, 369
consecrating
1, 27–28, 94, 107, 135, 187n150, 256, 291, 300
constitution
278, 281, 286, 288, 300–301, 314–15, 329, 343, 351, 356, 378, 381
conversion
50n10, 54, 91–92, 94n248, 101–3, 143, 240n7, 247, 252–53, 267, 276, 297, 306, 356
coreligionist
78, 88, 95, 105–6, 242, 264, 271, 279, 287
ecclesiastic support of
64, 67–68, 69n118, 70, 72, 74
princely support of
69, 105–6, 260, 271, 280, 294, 296, 308, 320, 358, 379
corpus christianum
5, 41–42, 51, 54, 57, 234, 278
cow
190, 410
creed
6, 47, 59, 63, 102, 168, 232, 317, 375, 379
crescendo
8, 176, 199, 211
crop
9, 191, 194, 195
crucifix
165, 165n99, 166–67, 300, 333
cuius regio eius religio
61, 88–89, 98, 247, 262, 264, 282, 284, 406
custom
2, 43, 116, 129–30, 136–37, 145, 151, 162–63, 170, 176, 203, 210, 226, 232, 243, 262, 276, 280, 295–96, 314, 329, 355–56, 358, 361, 363, 384, 395
customary payments and obligations
35, 269, 392
and fusion with denomination label
116, 243
maintenance of
44, 127, 137–38, 140, 153–54, 171, 179, 366, 385, 389–90, 401
threatened by novelty
70, 81, 120, 127–28, 130, 132–34, 142, 144, 152, 200, 260, 284, 299, 321–22, 324, 347, 365–66, 383
von Dalwig
128, 156
death
3n2, 16, 35, 75, 80, 82n192, 106, 145, 154, 176–78, 180–81, 194–96, 201, 213, 273
debt
221–23, 349, 374
deficit
221
demographics
2–3, 22, 24, 32, 37, 108, 116, 118, 200, 210–11, 214–15, 225, 412
population
von Dersch
13, 15, 32, 33
Devil
75, 97, 219
devotion
169, 176, 179, 240, 247, 279, 281, 284, 343, 347
Diet
of Augsburg (1530)
68
of Augsburg (1555)
60, 63, 279
of Augsburg (1566)
68
of Speyer (1526)
61
of Speyer (1529)
61, 98, 99
Dieterich, Konrad
150
differentiation
88, 103–4, 232, 258–59, 261, 264
Diocletian
248
discipline
45, 55, 61, 86, 149n42, 158, 232, 274
disorder
44, 120, 164, 272–74, 324, 346, 362, 370, 381, 389, 393, 405
dissent
61, 88, 98, 279, 281, 283–86, 318–19, 397
dissimulation
283, 319–20
doctrine
30, 50, 90, 159, 261, 264, 296, 316–17, 351, 396
and the Church
53, 58
creedal system of
6, 232, 379
Martin Luther and
45, 57
rural Gemeinden and
9, 159
true and false
64–68, 92, 271, 379
and urban culture
75, 85
dress (Tracht)
161, 163, 163n90, 164, 411
drunkenness
148, 164, 215, 217, 222
early modern
9, 50
Easter
82, 84, 123, 145, 201, 329
communicant at
82, 336, 339–40, 358
confirmation at
280
season of
339, 375–76
services related to
139, 365, 383–85, 400
economy
3, 22, 24, 33, 36–37, 53, 55, 88, 116, 190, 198, 210, 220–21, 225, 410
agricultural
4, 24n31, 26, 29, 36, 37, 43, 108, 160
capitalist
232
local
34
manorial
44
ecumenical
6, 241
ecumenization
408n11
education
25, 242, 262, 267, 272, 279–81, 293, 299
and ministers
264
and rural Gemeinden
45, 211, 329, 347–48
and urban circles
141, 163, 201
elder (church)
181, 390, 401
and denominational issues
259, 303
and the evangelical Union
311–13, 328, 336, 339, 343, 356, 359, 361, 363, 366, 373, 377, 384, 386
and gravestone inscription
177
and minister
139, 144, 146, 148–50
and parish jurisdiction
200, 218, 225, 394, 399
and pews
154
elector see Imperial
emigration
61, 82–84, 86, 88, 198, 278–81, 319
Empire (artistic style)
179
endowment
33, 106, 120, 314
Enlightenment
5, 195, 210, 309, 318, 345, 361, 384, 388, 407
episcopal
20–21, 26, 33, 105
epitaph
177–78, 181
Erbvereinigung (1610)
285
Erfurt bishop
107
error
1, 64, 68–69, 71, 103, 143, 270–71, 318, 324, 377
estates see Imperial
Eucharist
bread
9, 43, 70, 87, 91, 94, 103, 314, 326, 328, 353, 355, 390
chalice
132, 314
plate
132, 328
wine
43, 105, 132, 258n73, 353, 390, 396
European Union
406
evangelical union (1717–1722)
250
exile
105, 278–81, 297, 319, 406
family
197
and agriculture
25, 36, 186
aristocratic
13–15, 32–33, 68, 75–76, 78, 84, 109, 114–15, 128, 135, 148, 155–57, 203, 206–7, 214, 217, 290
bourgeois
190
division
252, 324
minister’s
149, 149n42, 150
and officials
295, 368
and religion
49, 50, 84, 151, 154, 171–72, 210–11, 226–28, 325, 336, 369, 370, 373, 383, 396, 399
royal
1, 20, 276
rural
38, 164, 177–80, 219, 223
farm
195, 214
farmer
25–26, 192, 224, 227, 371–72, 410
farming
159, 186, 190, 221
farmstead
109, 118, 121, 126, 211, 220, 334, 372
fatherland
189, 218, 310, 315, 318
feast
35
Feast of the Birth of Mary
301
Fernando III (King)
54
feudal society
44
finance
146, 177, 212, 214, 356, 410
and local governance
38
and local records
256
and lords
36, 157
and ministerial conflict
268–69, 374
and parish affairs
27, 42–43, 44n109, 156, 172, 206, 216, 218–21, 242, 285, 332–33, 340–41, 343–44, 360, 364, 399, 401
and parish dispute
115, 306, 390
fine (monetary)
43, 84, 129, 214, 220, 237, 268, 291, 300–302, 329, 383
fire
9–10, 75, 159, 181, 184, 186, 192
flooding
9, 155, 172–73, 192, 200, 203–4, 209
flower
169, 178–79, 194–95, 312, 411
font see baptismal font
forest
23, 123, 128, 166, 214, 256, 258n73, 341, 371
Formula of Concord (1577)
68, 79, 142, 388
Fourth Lateran Council
35
Franciscan
118, 137, 293
Franke, August Hermann
143
Franks
16, 20–23, 52
Frederick I (Emperor)
55
French Revolution
216n78
Friedrich II (Landgrave)
332
Friedrich Casimir of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Hanau-Münzenberg (Count)
71, 241–42, 285–87
Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia (King)
309
“from time immemorial”
44, 411
and baptism
155
and cemetery
112, 174
and church attendance
118
and communal identification
141, 238, 373–74
and parish finances
256, 259–60
and worship services
139, 349, 390–91
funeral
35, 81, 81n185, 127–28, 136, 160, 163, 170, 174, 209–10, 269, 272–73, 276, 287, 303, 306, 395
procession
29, 162, 176
sermon
112, 136, 138, 169, 176, 204, 259
geese
214
Georg I of Hesse-Darmstadt (Landgrave)
69
Georg II of Hesse-Darmstadt (Landgrave)
71, 99
Georg Albrecht I von Erbach
286
German
lands
3–4, 7–9, 23, 89, 105, 108, 163n91, 182, 190, 198, 230n2, 231, 309–10, 316, 402–3, 405
nation
56, 60, 182, 231, 408–9
-speaking
4, 21–22, 51, 54, 411
Peasants War
40, 45
Germanic
17, 54
Germany
3n2, 62n70, 171, 189, 198, 225, 230, 240, 310–11, 407–8, 410
rural
7, 9, 10, 16, 36, 46, 89, 116, 187, 199, 212, 231–33
girl
49, 161–62, 175, 332, 358, 372, 377
global
5, 233
glory
71, 123, 129, 142, 144, 160, 167, 179, 184, 186, 216, 309
“God’s Word”
45n113, 64, 66–68, 73, 79–80, 93, 119, 123, 132, 142, 150, 158, 301, 402n144
Bible
goldsmith
85
Gothic
30, 53, 294
neo-
215, 224
grace
54, 96n257, 159–60
grain
26, 42, 95, 118, 191, 194, 204, 214
grave
17, 171–72, 179, 192, 233, 291, 300, 342
-stone
17, 176–81
-yard
170, 303
cemetery
Greek
17, 63, 322
fathers
51
Gregory of Valencia
74
grievance
120, 148, 201, 301, 306, 324, 341, 361, 366
against a denominational community
8, 259, 264, 293
against a denominational minister
262, 266, 271, 329
concerning an opposing religion
63, 71
inherited
299, 357
within a parish
35, 209
guild
59, 87, 251, 313
Habsburg
64
hail
192
Hanauer Neue Zeitung
310
harvest
4, 26, 109, 115, 123, 132, 163, 190–91
Haun
78
hay
214, 293
health
163n91, 174, 180, 184, 200
heathen
71, 280
heaven
85, 168, 178–79, 181–82, 184, 188–89, 194–96, 216, 218, 403, 411
Hedwig Sophia of Hesse-Kassel (regent)
388
Heidelberg catechism (1563)
68
Henry IV (Emperor)
55
Henry VIII (King)
88
Heshusius, Tilemann
65
heterodoxy
97
Heydwolff
157
hill
23, 29, 109, 112, 114, 130, 164, 166, 173, 201, 214, 223, 394
historical consciousness
141, 243, 255, 345
Hitler, Adolf
408
von Hoënegg, Matthias Hoë
66
holiday
35, 117–18, 129, 160, 324, 333
apostle
138, 300, 326–27
services
118, 125–26, 128, 131, 138, 207, 209, 216, 340, 365–66, 376, 383–84
Sunday and holiday services
118–21, 155, 214–15, 225–27, 307, 349, 383, 395
Holy Roman Empire
35, 89n219, 106, 268, 286–87, 298, 406–7
and its birthing of triplets
7, 246–55
and its civil-sacred unity
51, 56–57, 59–61, 234, 246
and the confessions
47–48, 50, 299
and the Imperial church
3
the Imperial territories in
3, 57, 61, 65, 246
and multiconfessionalism
6, 240, 278
naming practices in
62, 97, 241
Napoleon and
163, 210
religious reform in
56, 68, 150, 239
titles and status
55
universalism of
56
homily
45
honor
179, 181, 204, 291, 403
and burial
74
dis-
298
and the evangelical Union
309, 312, 322, 341
and the Gemeinde
79–80, 119, 129, 134, 146, 157
and inscription
178–79, 181, 183–84, 186, 190–91
and minister
270
and religious reform
69
honorarium
123, 128, 137, 174, 322
Honorius III (Pope)
54
horse
2, 160, 190, 227, 260, 296, 300, 372, 381, 410
hospital
34, 281, 352
house church
86, 278, 284–85, 289, 297, 319–20
household
4, 38, 42, 122, 126, 164, 190, 199, 217, 401, 411
Hunnius, Aegidius
65, 66n92, 70n123
Hunnius, Nicolaus
66
husband
49, 178, 269
in a mixed marriage
272, 276
and inscription
178
Hus, Jan
312
Hussite
53
hymn
55, 187–90, 194, 194n160, 366–67, 376–77, 402
hymnal
186, 314, 316, 343, 356, 362, 366–67, 387
icon
52
iconography
169, 176, 178
identity
21, 50n9, 82n192, 88, 90, 118, 165–66, 218, 224, 408
ideology
56, 195–96, 406, 409
idolatry
72–73, 94
illness
43, 79, 121, 170, 176, 189, 190, 201, 213, 276, 346n75, 349, 371, 395
Imperial
34, 55–56, 59–60, 70n123, 106, 241, 285, 287, 297, 316
administration
105–6
church
3, 227
city
13, 55n41, 59, 88, 298, 342n52
constitution
278, 281, 286, 301
elector
3n2, 65, 65n89, 68–69, 71, 98, 251, 298, 311, 313
estates
6, 57, 61, 63, 68, 71, 72, 74, 98–100, 105, 239, 242, 248, 250–51, 272, 278, 299, 407
territory
3n2, 6, 57, 60–61, 65, 77n164, 94n248, 97, 241, 246, 264–66, 277, 279, 406
indifference
92, 328
indoctrination
50
industrialization
210, 225, 410
infant
73, 134, 178, 181, 199, 205–6, 214, 271, 396
infrastructure (parish)
2, 7, 27, 35, 84, 270, 274, 410
inscription
on gravestone
179–81
on house
159, 181–97, 411–12
on shrine
167
instruments (used in worship)
43, 84, 129, 132, 303, 369, 381, 386
insult
54, 131, 254, 376, 395
intellectuals
16, 50n9, 98, 224, 402n144, 405, 408, 410
Interior Ministry (Kassel)
327, 329, 343, 398, 400, 404
intolerance
248n15, 318, 376–77, 385
irreligion
224
ius emigrandi
279
ius episcopali
77
ius patronatus
77
ius presentandi
77
ius reformandi
77
Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig
163n91
Jesuit
66, 105
Jew
54, 58, 75, 82, 87, 97, 102, 167, 255, 280, 312, 322
Johann Bernhard (Prince-Abbot)
79
Johann Friedrich (Prince-Abbot)
84
Johann Reinhard III (Count)
293, 335, 349
Johann Wilhelm (Elector)
298
Julius Echter (Prince-Abbot)
105
Karl of Hesse-Kassel (Landgrave)
197, 294n34
coercive measures of
237, 268, 274, 294, 296–98, 304, 358, 379, 384, 386
and coreligionist subjects
270–71, 289, 294, 306, 368
and pejorative naming
254
Kindbett
200
Kratzputz
193
Kulturkampf
224, 401, 408
labor services (parish)
13, 29, 34–36, 44n109, 80, 154, 259, 259n75, 306, 339, 395
laity
33–35, 48–49, 51, 56, 61, 79, 90, 95–97, 102–3, 104n295, 105, 253–55, 316, 318, 336, 387
Latin
Christian world
4–5, 47, 230n2, 234
Latin Christendom
Christians
58
church
51, 53
language
38, 52, 63, 99, 181, 184
law
54, 126, 132, 218n83, 231n5, 239, 241, 246, 253, 394
church
53, 267–68, 272
godly
59
Imperial
60
natural
108
Ledderhose, Konrad Wilhelm
136
Leipzig Convent (1631)
71, 99
liberal
224, 346, 357, 405
linden tree
39–40
liturgy
21, 57, 264, 296, 311, 317, 367, 379
Lollard
53
Lord’s Prayer
314, 324, 353–55, 373, 384–85
lordship (Herrschaft)
77–79, 100
lost villages (Wüstungen)
31–32, 39, 42–43, 109, 411
Louis XIV (King)
298
Ludwig IV of Hesse-Marburg (Landgrave)
69, 78n168, 79–80
Luther, Martin
3, 45n113, 58–59, 61, 67, 90, 231, 405
and the evangelical Union
310, 312, 387
Ninety-Five Theses of
57, 312
theology of
44, 142
Magyars
3
Mainz
28, 34, 66, 165–67
(arch)bishop(ric) of
17, 20–21, 27, 63, 74, 78n168, 107
manor
32–33, 36–37, 44, 156
manure
174–75
Marburg Colloquy (1529)
377
Marheineke, Philipp Konrad
311–12
Marian grotto
165n99
market
2, 37, 108, 182
marriage
95, 154, 251, 267–68, 273, 318, 370
of Christian couple
95–96, 100
clerical
2, 105, 149n42
depicted on gravestone
177–78
minister’s handling of
264, 266, 269, 371
mixed
263, 269, 272, 287, 303–4, 342, 345, 370–71
Mary, the Virgin
27, 176, 196, 291
Masonic symbol
182
Mass
105, 107, 120, 256
Maundy Thursday
138–39, 324, 377, 383
Maximilian (Emperor)
57
mayor
and communal proceeding
126, 146, 170–71, 174, 205, 215–17, 220, 226
and the evangelical Union
313, 332, 348–49, 367, 401
and parish dispute
129, 259
and religion
70
meadow
166, 204, 214
media
48, 310
medieval
4, 9, 36, 54, 87n206, 230
Middle Ages
Melanchthon, Philipp
67, 312
memory
132, 178
mercenary
108
Merovingian
16, 20
metaphysics
231n5
Michaelmas
123
Middle Ages
230–31, 231n5
midwife
134, 268, 396
military
23, 211, 268–69, 388
mill
31, 113–14, 121, 143, 199, 204, 211, 220
mission
17, 20, 56, 67, 233, 301
mockery
70, 126, 238, 255, 329, 342, 360, 363
modern
189, 407
state
5, 210, 273, 405
and naming conventions
63n74
and nationalism
218
and periodization
9, 50
and Protestantism
47n1, 231n5, 232, 405
and religion
225, 231, 233, 273, 405
monastery/-ticism
16, 21, 25, 30, 33–34, 52, 155, 187n150, 295
cloister
Moor
54
motorized transport
1
Muhammad
54
multiconfessionalism
6, 240, 242, 274, 278, 281
Muslim
3, 58, 97, 102
Napoleon
163, 210
narrative
16, 143, 230, 265, 303, 387–88, 408
Catholic-Protestant
9–10, 48, 172, 176, 263–64, 276, 308, 345
and the Enlightenment
195–96, 388
Nas, Johannes
72
national
53, 163n91, 182, 224, 230, 231, 310, 318, 407–8, 408n11
-ism
5, 210, 310, 310n9, 311, 321, 387, 407, 408n11, 409
-ist
56, 163, 189, 230, 310
Nazism (German national socialism)
230, 409
network (parish)
26–27, 34, 242, 247, 265–66, 271–72, 274, 277, 282, 282n8, 294, 334
New Apostolic
213, 219
Nicene creed
388
nobles
1, 28, 33, 61, 89, 191, 290
aristocracy
and the church
20, 32, 33, 155, 177
and Gemeinde
30, 80, 95, 157, 159, 203, 211
and minister
13, 25, 217, 290
and patronage
33, 34, 43, 77, 109, 115, 156, 157, 217
and religious reform
68, 70, 74–78, 82, 84, 85n206, 105–6
subordinates of
4, 38, 48, 82
Normaljahr (“normal year”)
240, 240n7
novelty
44, 129–30, 134, 243, 263, 274, 290, 321, 322
nun/-nery
34, 187n150
obedience
53, 221, 381
observance
130, 139, 269
officer
39, 42, 42n95, 45n112, 144–46, 148, 150, 177, 183, 212, 218, 237, 269, 366
ordinance
church
41, 44, 61, 69, 71, 100, 132, 148, 237, 252, 269
communal
221
concerning graves
171
concerning schooling
304
of 1826 (switching denominations)
369, 370, 373
Hessian (1533)
44n109
Pew (1656)
151–55
territorial or state
44, 57, 273, 327
organ
216, 229, 337, 339, 348, 382–83, 386–87
organist
182, 207, 383
orphan
149, 150
Orthodox
9, 348
orthodoxy
57–58, 74, 97, 232, 250, 308
Otto I (Emperor)
55
oxen
190, 372
Palatine elector
65, 65n88
pamphlet
97
Papist
63, 66–68, 71, 74, 90, 254, 256
Pareus, David
65, 71
passion of Christ
166
passion week
138–39
path
7, 10, 29–30, 60, 64, 130, 162, 166, 230, 238, 293–94, 317–18, 334, 407
road
condition of
112, 120, 170, 174, 201, 204, 209, 223
patron/-nage
336
aristocratic
13, 30, 33–34, 43, 77–78, 80, 109, 114–15, 128, 148, 156–57, 159, 203, 206–7, 211, 214, 217
ecclesiastical
34
festival
131
saint
27
Paulus III (Pope)
99n272
peace (as communal value)
44, 79, 128, 177, 190, 232, 344–45
peasant
49, 51, 177
and agriculture
24, 34, 36, 108, 109, 186, 191
and creativity
163–64
and the Gemeinde
36–43
and relationship to nobles
4, 24, 36, 37
and religion
45, 50n10, 85, 85n206, 88, 99, 129, 159–60, 165, 167–69, 179, 187n150, 194, 256, 322, 323
and settlement pattern
24, 33, 36
and towns
37
and war
1, 2, 7, 40, 45, 61
Pentecost
95, 225, 336, 365–77
pestilence
2, 13, 24, 79, 115, 170, 222
pew
169, 366
ordinance, Pew
and denominational community
297, 307, 359–62, 375–78, 380
and the Gemeinde
2, 45n112, 132, 150–55
and noble patrons
157
and the Reformation
45
reorganization of
339, 344, 346
women’s
217, 340
Philipp of Hesse (Landgrave)
3n2, 61, 68, 105, 387
Philipp Ludwig of Hanau-Münzenberg (Count)
258
Philipp Ludwig of Palatinate-Neuburg (Duke)
65n88
Philipp von Schweinsberg (Prince-Abbot)
105
Pietism/-tist
143, 189
piety
165–66, 217, 233
pilgrimage
52, 114, 164–66, 300
Pius IV (Pope)
59
Placidus (Prince-Abbot)
290
plague
2–3, 24, 37, 109, 210, 410
plow
23, 25, 108, 191
pluralism
6–8, 57, 62, 74, 89, 94n248, 237, 241, 252–53, 255, 263, 265, 270–71, 278
pluralization
6, 47–48, 57, 75, 287n22, 406–7
“points of improvement” (Verbesserungspunkte)
68n109
polarization
6, 89, 101, 104, 243, 246
polity
6, 62
poor relief
35, 43, 333, 341
pope
16, 21, 52, 54, 59–60, 66, 70, 72, 322
popery
69, 72
postil
2, 122, 158
poverty
52, 198, 226, 316
prayer
123, 133, 165, 172, 187, 192, 269, 279, 306, 309, 331, 351
Lord’s Prayer
house or room
13, 297, 331–32, 348
service
122–23, 125, 128, 130, 132, 134, 139, 226, 307, 312, 329, 362–63, 374, 389
pregnancy
209, 268, 273
Premonstratensian
34, 45, 114, 155
presbytery
45, 139, 225, 288
and the evangelical Union in Hanau
312, 330, 332–33, 336–40, 342–44, 346
and the evangelical Union in Fulda
321
and the evangelical Union in Upper Hesse
359, 371, 397–99, 402
print
59, 98, 101, 311, 315–16
press or shop
58, 75
procession
86, 104, 160, 163, 166–67, 299–301
border
160, 162
confirmation
160, 161
festival
160
funeral
29, 162, 175–76
pilgrimage
164–65
Reformation tricentennial (1817)
311–13
wedding
161–62
procurator
85
progressivism
196
proprietor
32–33
protocol
85, 338, 342, 359
pulpit
132, 150, 150n50, 158, 301, 339, 358, 374, 377, 383, 384, 402
punishment
78n168, 274, 296, 299, 324, 329
Quaker
322
Rau of Holzhausen
68, 76, 78
reformation
64, 72, 76, 94, 95
Reformation/-ns
5, 44–45, 50, 50n9, 59, 64n84, 73, 105, 151, 204, 230–31, 238, 257, 288, 296, 312, 351, 403, 407, 407n9
Protestant
3, 47, 231n5, 232, 309, 312, 331, 351
Catholic Counter-
3, 47
centennial (1617)
90n225
quadricentennial (1917)
403
tricentennial (1817)
308, 311, 317
refugee
372
Religious Peace of Augsburg (1555)
59–61, 63, 105, 141, 239–41, 247, 279, 281–82, 286, 407
Renaissance humanism
54, 59
renewal
77n164, 198, 233, 276
renitent
400
Resolution (1670)
242, 259, 263, 263n3, 276, 280, 284, 287
resurrection
70, 179
revival
198, 276
river
Danube
23
Eder
13, 30, 372
Lahn
20, 112, 114–15, 135, 172–73, 179, 199–200, 203–5, 209, 229
Main
17, 20
Rhine
4, 16–17, 22–23
road
1, 16, 130, 166, 193, 300, 373, 407–8
path
condition of
9, 119, 169, 174, 216
rococo
163, 167
Romanesque
53
neo-
227
Romanists
63
Romantic
167
von Rommel, Dietrich Christoph
311
Rudolph II (Emperor)
63
du Ry, Charles
197
sacralization
1, 59, 61, 141, 160, 169, 198
de-
232
sacrament
275, 319
and doctrinal theology
57, 105, 159
and the Gemeinde
9, 30, 43, 130, 134, 137, 156, 203, 214, 232
and Latin Christendom
54
ministerial right concerning
26
and the mother church
27
sacrilege
329
salvation
6, 57, 66, 76, 142–43, 189, 195, 204, 216, 227, 231n5, 309, 380, 382
Satan
97
Schäfer, Carl
197
Schenk family
76, 78, 114–15, 148, 157, 206–7, 214, 217, 290
schism
51, 58, 60
Great Schism
53, 58
of 1054
52
Schmalkaldic Articles
102
school
9, 95, 103, 125–27, 148, 151, 156, 203, 211, 237, 248, 262, 304–6, 318, 324, 331–32, 348, 367–68, 376, 378, 383, 401
-house
125–27, 137, 183, 214, 222, 258n73, 260, 288, 333, 345, 348, 362, 367
-master
14, 71, 80–81, 122–23, 125–26, 133–34, 137, 143, 156, 174, 191, 200, 203, 206, 211–12, 215, 226–27, 237, 269, 280–81, 287–88, 292, 301, 303–6, 312–13, 325, 331–33, 366–67, 389, 394, 400
teacher
schooling
71, 98n266, 125–26, 211, 223, 279, 283, 287, 305, 332–33, 342, 345, 376
Schutz und Schirm
79
Schwenckfeld, Caspar
73
Schwenckfelder
68
science
231n5, 233
scripture
64, 66, 76, 187, 194n160, 195, 317, 405
sect
64, 67–68, 72–74, 213
sectarian
96n257, 250
secular
3n2, 44, 55–56, 97, 104n295, 196, 255, 260, 328, 405, 410
secularization
3n2, 5, 45, 105, 155, 195, 198, 210–11, 232–33, 268, 321, 407, 407n9, 410
sedition
319, 323
seigneurial
37, 158
sensory
84
sermon
71, 89, 159, 285, 301, 307, 329, 334, 338, 361, 363, 369, 380, 396
funeral
112, 136, 138, 176, 204, 259
Gemeinde’s interest regarding
79, 80, 117–18, 121–23, 136, 138–39, 146, 158, 347, 374
obligation regarding
128, 132, 138–39, 201, 331
read versus preached
122–23, 158
related to the Reformation
45, 45n113
settlement
3–4, 16, 22–24, 26–29, 31–33, 36–37, 58, 106, 109, 114–15, 160, 282n8, 369, 411
Seven Years’ War
152
sheep
121, 179, 192, 221, 378, 394
shepherd
48, 79, 93–94, 146, 179, 192, 207, 269, 380, 394
shoemaker
85, 102, 137
shrine
165–67
Sidonius (Bishop)
17
Sigismund (King)
56
Simultaneum
in the evangelical Union era
319–20, 358, 375, 379–81, 383–85, 385n91, 386, 389, 392–94, 399–400, 406
in the pre-Westphalian era
86
in the post-Westphalian era
278, 287, 290, 294, 294n34, 296–98, 304, 304n60, 306–7
skepticism
201, 233
slander
69, 72, 254, 256
Slavic
54
snow
9, 120, 121, 203, 214, 223, 238
societas christianitas see corpus christianum
sola scriptura
405
song
133, 187, 187n150, 189, 276, 313, 316, 356, 366–67, 388
songbook
187n150, 188–89, 194n160, 366–67
hymnal
songwriter
194n160
hymnist
Specht
106
St. Boniface
3n2, 16, 20–21, 118, 167
St. Clare convent
72
St. Paul
90, 355
St. Stephan’s Stift
34
St. Sturm
3n2
steam engine
410
stillborn
178, 180, 351
stock images
300
strife
8, 97, 151, 154, 215, 249, 303, 306, 332, 344, 380, 385–86
suffering
135, 178, 189, 219, 224, 316
summer
115, 119, 134, 171, 190, 204, 225, 286, 372
symbol
20, 44, 55, 102, 168, 177–79, 182, 224, 310, 313, 320, 328, 388
syncretism
96, 388
synergism
4, 232, 388
synod
45, 70, 313–15, 321, 322, 324, 327–28, 337–38, 373, 387
tablet
366, 402
tailor
85, 102, 137, 367
Tanner, Adam
64n84, 66
Tartar
75
tavern
100
tax
38, 44, 170, 174, 218
parish
35, 148, 412
wartime
2
teacher
162, 251, 332, 348, 383, 393, 401
schoolmaster
Ten Commandments
100
tenant
36
tenure (land)
36
territorialization
56
theologian
47, 66, 68, 70, 72, 84, 91, 96–98, 169, 250, 263, 402n144
theology
70, 94, 122, 231–32, 313, 317, 321, 328–29, 375, 377, 387, 402
Calvin’s
22, 68, 88n217, 159, 389
and the Congress of Westphalia
6
differing
51, 57, 74, 142, 308, 356
Luther’s
22, 159
Protestant
143, 171
Reformed
168, 296, 396
Roman Church’s
22
and the rural Gemeinden
46
training in
53, 264
Thirty Years War (1618–1648)
2, 32, 60, 79, 107, 116, 405, 407
Three Leagues
104n295
tithe
27, 35, 43, 148
tolerance
262, 302, 309, 319, 320, 377, 384–85, 387, 403, 406–7
topography
32, 39, 163, 208, 217, 222
trade
98, 137, 177, 221, 226
tradition
20, 27, 80n181, 86, 138–39, 158, 163, 168, 201, 277, 322, 411–12
Trent, Council of
63
Tridentine
treten
102, 253
Tridentine
Creed
59
reforms
105
Tossanus, Daniel
70
Totenkronen (“crowns of death”)
181, 181n147
treasure
187, 195
Treaty of Passau (1552)
286
Treusch von Buttlar
109, 156, 203, 207
Tribur, Council of (895)
28
tumult
76, 253, 296, 301–2, 385n91
Turk
70, 75
unbelief
322, 356
unbeliever
71, 74, 96, 249, 263
undifferentiation
103–4, 250
Ungewitter, Georg
197
university
53, 75, 114, 182, 310, 312, 405
urban
24, 36, 163, 191, 246, 406, 411
culture
30, 50n9, 59, 84, 85n206, 181–82, 189, 224, 408
populace
1, 6, 8, 16, 75, 88, 102, 141, 182, 201, 218
setting
8, 88, 150, 298
society
37, 55, 59, 62, 85
utilitarianism
411
utopia
196
values
2, 43–44, 85, 177, 232, 356, 405, 411, 411n2
Vikings
3
village
book
37
festival (Kirmes)
160
“villagization”
36
violence
40, 255, 263, 296, 301
visitation
45, 71, 85, 85n206, 86, 153, 307, 326, 329
de Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet
240
wagon
175, 227, 410
war memorial
408–9
warden
39–40, 133–34, 170, 215
Wartburg Festival (1817)
310
water
9, 14, 66, 75, 114, 127, 131, 170–71, 199–200, 203–5, 214, 300, 302, 306
wealth
5, 25, 34, 157, 189, 192, 221, 268
weather (inclement)
1, 112, 119, 123, 127, 133, 143, 169, 174, 176, 201, 223, 337, 362, 372, 390
weaving
95, 222
wedding
29, 35, 112, 160–63, 226, 266, 269, 273, 276, 293, 300, 306, 329, 390, 395
Werra district
76, 78
Westphalia, Congress of (1643–1648)
6, 239, 406
Westphalia, Peace of (1648)
7, 10, 60, 62, 237–39, 239n1, 240, 240n7, 241, 246–50, 252–53, 262–64, 265–66, 270, 272–73, 276, 279–81, 284, 290–91, 298–99, 302, 316, 319–20, 379, 384, 405–7
pre-Westphalia
97, 248, 264, 270–71, 281, 283, 285, 297, 299
post-Westphalia
242, 266, 268, 274, 276, 279, 282–85, 293, 297–98, 330
widow
38, 91, 93–94, 126, 149–50, 154, 170, 205, 253, 325, 369
wife
49, 100, 251, 267, 370–71, 373
and inscription
159, 177–79, 183–84, 196, 411
of minister
122, 150
in a mixed marriage
237–38, 254, 262, 272, 275, 280, 299, 303, 370–71, 396
Wilhelm I of Hesse (Elector)
311
Wilhelm I of Prussia (King)
222
Wilhelm IV of Hesse-Kassel (Landgrave)
65, 105, 388
winter
112, 115, 119, 120, 124, 127, 133–34, 142–43, 176, 200–201, 203–4, 209–10, 214, 362, 372
Wittenberg Concord
102
Witzel, Georg
74
Wolfgang of Isenburg (Count)
69
wood
214, 258n73, 333
worden
101–2, 252–53
World War I
395, 408, 410
World War II
2, 357, 408, 410
World War period
2, 8, 409
Wycliffe, John
312
yield (agricultural)
214
Zepper, Wilhelm
70
zugetan
100, 251, 252, 263n6
Zwingli, Ulrich
55, 312, 387
Zwinglian
63n74, 69, 70n123, 72