Abbreviations
| AI(U)ON | Annali dellâIstituto (Universitario) Orientale di Napoli |
| BEO | Bulletin dâÃtudes Orientales |
| BIFAO | Bulletin de lâInstitut Français dâArchéologie Orientale |
| BSL | Bulletin de Société de Linguistique |
| BSOAS | Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |
| EI2 | Encyclopédie de lâIslam, 2nd edition |
| EI3 | Encyclopédie de lâIslam, 3rd edition |
| Enc. Ir. | Encyclopaedia Iranica |
| EPHE | Ãcole Pratique des Hautes Ãtudes |
| EQ | Encyclopedia of the QurʾÄn |
| GAL | Brockelmann, C., Geschichte der arabischen Literatur, Weimar, 1898 |
| GAS | Sezgin, F., Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, Leiden, 1967-1985 |
| IC | Islamic Culture |
| IJMES | International Journal of Middle East Studies |
| IOS | Israel Oriental Studies |
| JA | Journal Asiatique |
| JAOS | Journal of the American Oriental Society |
| JESHO | Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |
| JNES | Journal of Near Eastern Studies |
| JRAS | Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |
| JSAI | Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam |
| JSS | Journal of Semitic Studies |
| MIDEO | Mélanges de lâInstitut Dominicain dâÃtudes Orientales du Caire |
| MW | Muslim (previously Moslem) World |
| REI | Revue des Ãtudes Islamiques |
| REMMM | Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée |
| RHR | Revue de lâHistoire des Religions |
| RSO | Rivista degli Studi Orientali |
| SI | Studia Islamica |
| SSR | Shiʿi Studies Review |
| St Ir | Studia Iranica |
| WZKM | Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes |
| ZA | Zeitschrift für Assyriologie |
| ZDMG | Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft |