We are glad to present this 40th volume of the series Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava, in which the edition of the unpublished texts from the collection of the Leiden Papyrological Institute is continued. It started in 1941 with the first volume of this series, The Warren Papyri, containing 31 papyri edited by a group of Leiden students under the supervision of M. David, B.A. van Groningen and J.C. van Oven, who were also the founders of the Leiden Papyrological Institute in 1935. The book is nowadays cited by papyrologists as P. L.Bat. I or P. Warr. A second volume dedicated to the publication of our collection came out in 1991 as the 25th ‘jubilee’ volume of the series Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava, with the edition of 80 papyri, ostraca, parchments and waxed tablets plus 28 descriptions of papyri: now known as P. L.Bat. XXV or P. Leid.Inst. It contained the inventory numbers 1–100 with some later acquisitions. Now thirty years later, in this 40th volume another 66 papyri and ostraca are published, mainly a continuation of the inventory numbers 102–143 together with a number of later acquisitions.
The papyri and other objects of the Leiden Papyrological Institute are meant as a ‘study collection’ (in the words of Pieter Pestman) and as such they have always been used for teaching purposes. Over the years, some papyri were studied for bachelor, master and doctoral theses and many of them were used in advanced palaeography classes (for the texts in the present edition, see the students’ individual names in the acknowledgements below). Some of those students have in the meantime become papyrologists themselves and were able to rewrite their earlier editions for this volume, while several others were also capable to contribute their own complete editions. This makes a teacher proud. And it is pure joy for a teacher when she ends up publishing a book together with her own former student, as is the case with the present volume.
Notwithstanding the fact that most of the papyri in the collection of the Leiden Papyrological Institute are small or fragmentary or both, and that they do not form an originally coherent group, it turned out once more that upon closer study even the tiniest fragments may have something interesting to offer.
Presentation of the Texts
The first part of the book (texts 1–23) is dedicated to Demotic texts, text 1 remarkably being Demotic written in Hieratic characters. In respect of the different transcription methods employed by Demotists, we have allowed for a slightly different format here when compared to the Greek texts. The further Greek (and one Coptic, text 66) documents are presented in the traditional way, and in chronological order. All editions are provided with a material description, introduction, transcription, translation and line-to-line commentary, as well as, we are glad to say, full colour plates of each text. We hope to have made the most important information about each text also accessible to scholars who do not read Greek or Egyptian.
Provenance
Of the papyri and ostraca edited below, text 32 belongs to the papyri from the legacy of E.P. Warren that were given to the Leiden Papyrological Institute in 1935, which are published in the above-mentioned P. L.Bat. I or P. Warr.1 Texts 1–2 are cartonnage fragments that were donated to the Leiden Papyrological Institute by Herrmann Harrauer in 1980 (see further details in text 1, footnote 2). Texts 3–21 and 66 are ostraca that were donated to the Leiden Papyrological Institute in 2016 by Rob Demarée, who acquired them in Luxor in 1965 (further details in the introduction to texts 3–21 below). Texts 22, 26 and 29–30 belong to a collection acquired in June 1971 from the antiquarian A.M. Hakkert (Amsterdam).2 All remaining papyri are recorded to be bought in Egypt in 1939 by B.A. van Groningen. There is no further information about his visit to Egypt or the possible antiquities dealers he may have been in contact with there.
Acknowledgements
The publication of the papyri and ostraca in the present volume has been slowly taking shape over a long period of time, and many people have worked on the texts and contributed to a greater or lesser extent to their final edition here. We would like to thank them all by name.
First drafts with transcriptions of most of the Greek papyri in the collection were made by Ernst Boswinkel in the 1970s. The folder with yellowed pages of his, sometimes hard to decipher, handwriting still provides a good overview of the contents of the remaining unpublished texts, next to the old, hand-typed catalogue cards dating from about the same period. Over the years, new readings and useful comments were sometimes added on Boswinkel’s pages in the handwriting of various Greek papyrologists who in different periods worked in the Leiden Papyrological Institute, including Paul van der Laan, Willy Clarysse, Francisca Hoogendijk, Peter van Minnen, Frans de Haas and Nico Kruit.
Some of the papyri published here were the subject of students’ theses, viz. of Marjolein van den Houten-Thieme (1977, text 29), Joanne Stolk (2009, text 30) and Astrid Hamberg (2017, texts 34 and 35). Most papyri have also been studied by students of the advanced palaeography classes, yearly offered by Francisca Hoogendijk at Leiden University. She wishes to thank all her former students for their efforts in providing transcriptions and sometimes preliminary editions of the papyri they worked on during the courses. The names of the individual students are, for the BA and MA courses of ‘Palaeography of the Greek Papyri and Edition Technique’ (each name followed by class year and text no.):
Marja Bakker (2007: 26), Alette Bakkers (2011: 53, 61), Tycho Blauw (2019: 26, 59), Eric Boot (2020: 59; 2021: 55), Margit Bor (2019: 59), Marga Bos-Kuijpers (2013: 51; 2014: 32), Esmée Boschma (2013: 59), Flip de Bree (2011: 58; 2013: 44, 47; 2014: 45), Marije Dercksen (2018: 35), Nico Dogaer (2017: 49), Erik-Jan Dros (2013: 54), Wessel van Duijn (2018: 27; 2020: 50), Alex van Eldik (2013: 39, 57), Lucas Faessen (2021: 28), Astrid Hamberg (2016: 34), Timo Hoogstrate (2020: 59; 2021: 33), Felix Huijgen (2012: 56), Henric Jansen (2016: 31, 55), Renske Janssen (2012: 62), Tina Janssen (2011: 38, 65), Janneke de Jong (2012: 46), Inez de Korte (2018: 57), Leoniek Koster (2021: 24), Diana Kruit-van Gils (1988: 58), Carl Langschmidt (2014: 43), Thom van Leuveren (2018: 43), Laura Löser (2014: 49, 60), Guus van Loon (2011: 41, 64; 2013: 25, 36, 65), Vicky van Loe (2012: 40), Louise Meijer (2017: 35), Perry Nicolaas (2018: 24, 63), Anja Oomis (2018: 37), Hessel Paulides (2013: 52), Niels van der Salm (2012: 37; 2017: 28), Joanne Stolk (2011: 48), Bob van Velthoven (2017: 33, 63) and Amalia Zoi (2021: 31).
Furthermore, two-week courses of ‘Reading Greek Papyri’ formed part of the Papyrology program of the LUCL Summer Schools at Leiden in 2015–2018, taught by Francisca Hoogendijk together with Arthur Verhoogt (2015), Joanne Stolk (2016, 2017, 2018) and Eline Scheerlinck (2017). The following students of these courses have contributed to editions in the present volume:
Lonnie Alexander (2016: 38), Adrienn Almásy (2018: 46), Emily Barth (2016: 58), Chiara Battisti (2018: 25, 40), Nicola Bodill (2017: 47), Elena Chepel (2015: 22, 45), Garance Clapuyt (2018: 47), Eleni Chronopoulou (2015: 44), Alexander Free (2016: 56, 57), Cassandra Freiberg (2017: 52), Figen Geerts (2016: 61), Katarzyna Jażdżewska (2018: 62), Elisavet Karafyllidi (2016: 64), Gunhyuk (Michael) Lee (2018: 33), Tobia Lenzi (2016: 27), Maria Eugenia Leoni (2017: 59), Joachim Kraaij (2017: 54), Quintijn Mauer (2013: 26), Anya Morrice (2016: 53), Michael Rezk Abdelsayed (2018: 52), Chiara Scanga (2016: 25), Pat Snidvongs (2015: 26), Steven Stringer (2016: 65), Siyu Tao (2018: 54), Sandra Tárraga Bono (2017: 60), Banban Wang (2018: 55) and Leopoldo Zampiccoli (2016: 46).
Francisca Hoogendijk would like to dedicate this book to the students listed above and to all the other students she has been privileged to teach over the years.
Our deepest gratitude also goes to the colleagues who were so kind to review this book: not only the anonymous peer reviewer who read the book on the request of the publisher, but also the remaining series editors of the Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava: Willy Clarysse, Sven Vleeming and Koen Donker van Heel. The latter also compiled the Index of Demotic Words. We thank Wessel van Duijn for compiling the Index of Greek Words and Tessa Jaspers for the Index of Sources. Herbert Verreth kindly provided Trismegistos text numbers to the unpublished documents before publication. Moreover, smaller groups of texts were read by our colleague- papyrologists Graham Claytor, Nikolaos Gonis, Todd Hickey, Andrea Jördens, Berhard Palme and Dominic Rathbone: a beautiful example of amicitia papyrologorum. We thank them for all their useful comments and suggestions, which have made this a better book. Of course, all remaining faults are our own responsibility.
The research by Joanne Stolk has been funded by The Research Foundation – Flanders (2016–2022) and the Research Council of Norway co-funded by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (2017–2020). During the preparation of this volume, she paid several visits to the Leiden Papyrological Institute to study the original objects and consult the library, at the same time enabling close collaboration between the two main authors of this book. We thank the Leids Universiteits Fonds (LUF) / P.J. Sijpesteijn Fonds for a garantiesubsidie (2 July–10 August 2018) and The Netherlands Institute for the Near East for a NINO Incoming Mobility Grant (1–26 July 2019) to facilitate these visits. Funding for other individual authors is credited in the notes to their own editions.
Last but not least we would like to thank the Brill staff, especially Mirjam Elbers, Giulia Moriconi and Gera van Bedaf, for publishing and typesetting this difficult book. Here is number 40 of our series Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava: another jubilee volume!
24 December 2021
Francisca A.J. Hoogendijk and Joanne Vera Stolk
See the preface of P. L.Bat. I = P. Warr. and, on the identity of E.P. Warren, the note of K.A. WORP in BASP 47 (2010), pp. 238–240.
Catalogue published as ‘A Collection of Papyri, Wax Tablets, Ostraca, Mummy Labels and Stamps. From the Third Century B.C. till the Seventh Century A.D. Demotic, Greek, Latin and Coptic’, Acta Classica 63 (Amsterdam, 1971). Text 22 = cat. no. 40, text 26 = cat. no. 75, texts 29–30 = cat. no. 68.