Lâapport de la phÃ©nomÃ©nologie franÃ§aise pour une philosophie de lâaction

Stephen A. Noble

Chapitre 4 Lâapport de la phÃ©nomÃ©nologie franÃ§aise pour une philosophie de lâaction

In: PhÃ©nomÃ©nologie de lâaction

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Stephen A. Noble

Stephen A. Noble UniversitÃ© de Lille

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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 62â84

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004518544_006

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Abstract

Between the extremes of a subject understood by the rationalists as a pure form of mind or consciousnessâan âI thinkâ akin to the Cartesian cogito, transparent unto itself and in complete possession of itselfâand a subject understood by the empiricists as akin to a Humean bundle of sense perceptionsâwithin which even the self is elusiveâHusserlian phenomenology teaches us that the very essence of consciousness, or of the self, is defined not in terms of the exact locus of some solus ipse, but in terms of a structure which relates consciousness essentially to its intentional object. This fundamental tenet of Husserlian phenomenology, along with the idea of the Lebenswelt developed during the philosopherâs later years, were seized upon by French phenomenologists such as Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, who developed a concrete interpretation of the notion of intentionality, defining the phenomenological self less in terms of what it wasâits actual beingâthan in terms of its actions or its doing (âun acte ou un faireâ)âin other words, in terms of its becoming. By drawing on the work of Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, we first argue that this very particular form of agency inherent within the phenomenological understating of human existence leads necessarily to fundamental paradoxes which, at one and the same time, are unavoidable and insoluble. For example, whereas the philosophical tradition has so often insisted on the notion of identity to define the subject, the phenomenological subject thus understood is as much outside of itself as it is within itself. Secondly, by examining the paradoxical nature of a self that is essentially incomplete and dispossessed of itself, we expound the understanding of the phenomenological subject as transcendence. In so doing, we demonstrate how, as phenomenology becomes more ontological, the notion of the self becomes yet more tenuous and paradoxical, and, moreover, how such insoluble paradoxes are nevertheless essential to very nature of the phenomenological project. We then apply these specificities of the phenomenological project to derive certain conclusions concerning the important contributions phenomenology can make to the philosophy of action.

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PhÃ©nomÃ©nologie de lâaction

Perspectives contemporaines sur lâagentivitÃ© et le sujet

Series:Â Studies in Contemporary Phenomenology, Volume: 22

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004518544

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 09 Mar 2023

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- Philosophy
  - General
  - 19th & 20th Century Philosophy

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Chapitre 4 Lâapport de la phÃ©nomÃ©nologie franÃ§aise pour une philosophie de lâaction

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PhÃ©nomÃ©nologie de lâaction

Perspectives contemporaines sur lâagentivitÃ© et le sujet

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Chapitre 4 Lâapport de la phÃ©nomÃ©nologie franÃ§aise pour une philosophie de lâaction

PhÃ©nomÃ©nologie de lâaction

Perspectives contemporaines sur lâagentivitÃ© et le sujet