Index
Abe Yoshiya
3, 5, 129
Administration
22, 23, 24
Agency
2, 14, 36, 170
for Cultural Affairs
160
Aigonowaka 愛護の若
83
Akamatsu Renjō
98
Amaterasu-Ōmikami 天照大神
24n, 82, 85, 162
Amida 阿弥陀
77, 82, 87, 90
Amida no munewari 阿弥陀胸割
83, 84
Amino Yoshihiko 網野善彦
77n5
anatomy
109n20
ancient Japan
4, 9, 17, 21, 29
appropriation
2, 19, 48, 133
Ashikaga
Academy
56
gakkō 足利学校
56
astronomy
48, 97n, 99
Asuka
24, 25, 47
atheism
102
authority
10, 18, 22, 26, 27, 76, 77, 150, 153, 168, 170
axial religion
20
axial revolution
10
Baekje 百濟
19, 37, 67, 98
bakufu 幕府
32, 33
belief
5, 35, 49, 75–76, 82, 85, 90, 94, 103, 105, 111–115, 123–124, 152
believing in belonging
123–124
believing without belonging
123
Bellah, Robert
78, 78n, 82, 94, 20n16
Benzaiten 弁財天
85
Bhutan
16
Bianzheng lun 辯正論
29
binary
1, 11, 12, 32, 145
Birushana 毘盧舍那
25
Bishamon no honji 毘沙門の本地
83
black ships
15
bodhisattva
47, 61, 65, 82
body
46, 56–57
Bon, Obon 盆
124
bond
124–126, 132
bonsō 梵僧
55
bonze
52, 54, 55–59
bōshu/bōzu 坊主
55
boundary transgression
104, 116
Brahmā’s Net Sutra, Bonmō kyō 梵網經
61–62
Brown, Delmer M.
17
bu 武
11
Buddha dharma
32, 33, 62
Buddhism
4–5, 10–11, 18–28, 30–32, 35–36, 40, 47, 50, 54, 56–57, 60–62, 64, 77–78, 82, 84, 97, 99–117, 129–130, 133–134, 145, 148, 166–167
anti-Buddhist
64
esoteric Buddhism
36, 78n6, 64, 64n33
Buddhist-Christian encounters
50
Buddhocracy
20, 25
Buddhicisation
4, 19, 23, 25, 26
Kamakura Buddhism
84
Buddhist journals
106
Mahāyana
47, 61–62, 105–106, 148n, 117
Buddhist temples
58n, 66, 68, 150, 161, 165
see also True Pure Land, Zen
buke 武家
28, 32, 33
bun 文
11
bunkazai 文化財 (cultural property)
155
Bunmei to shite no ie shakai 文明としてのイエ社会 (Society as a Pattern of Civilization)
132, 146
buppō 佛法
11, 16, 32, 33, 133, 134
busshin 仏神 (Buddhas and Gods)
77
byōin 病院
67, 69
Caesaropapism
26
Cakravartin
28
Capoccia, Giovanni
14
Capra, Fritjof
100
caritas
5, 47, 68
Carus, Paul
100, 105
Casanova, José
75, 156, 157, 169
Catholic
Church
98, 102–103, 129
Catholics
47, 50, 53
see also First Vatican Council; Second Vatican Council
cauterization
46, 49
centralized state
17, 19, 22, 66, 67, 75, 78, 78n7, 80, 94, 166
charisma
22, 29
charismatic rule
32
charity
4, 47–50, 53, 56–62, 64, 66
Chikamatsu Monzaemon 近松門左衛門
76, 86, 89, 90–92, 95
Chikazumi Jōkan
112–113, 115–116
China
16, 18–19, 25, 84–85, 97, 159
Christian, Christianity
11, 18, 35, 47–48, 60, 62, 66, 68, 79, 98–100, 102, 103, 106–110, 129, 145
church(es)
34, 102, 150
anti-Christian polemic
50, 63, 65, 106
anti-Christian writings
50, 62, 66
persecution of
62, 66
see also Buddhist-Christian encounters; Catholic; Jesuit; missionaries; Protestant Church; Vatican Council
church-sect typology
128–129
Chūshingura 忠臣蔵
91
civil law
48, 132
civilization
process
93n16, 160
European
99
see also Bunmei to shite no ie shakai 文明としてのイエ社会 (Society as a Pattern of Civilization)
Clerics
46, 47n1, 54, 57, 98
colonialism
2
colonialization
68
postcolonial approaches/critique
3, 13
Commodore Perry
15
common shock
2, 15, 16, 33
Company of Jesus
51–52, 56n22
see also Jesuits
Comte, Auguste
98
conceptual resource(s)
12, 22, 34
confessionalisation
35
Confucian, Confucianism
11n6, 24, 28, 29, 31, 36, 64n33, 78–79, 107, 165–166
academies
67, 160
ethics
18, 35, 36
officials
24
Neo-
5, 11, 64–65, 88
Seowon Confucian academies
160
constitution(al)
7, 9, 10, 18, 132, 150, 157, 163
consumption
125–127
contingency
14, 15, 36
convergence
2, 46, 65
Conversion
55–60, 54
cosmography
cosmology
35, 36
see also astronomy
Counter-Reformation
49–50
critical conjunctures
14, 38
critical junctures
4, 13–19, 28, 33–34, 36–37
Củ Chi tunnels
164
cultural encounters
9, 15–18, 50, 68
cultural identity
34, 123
cultural translation
18, 64, 68
daigakuryō 大學寮
27
Daijōkan 太政官
22
daijōsai 大嘗祭
22
daisōzu 大僧都
27
dāna, danna 檀那
47
Daoism
36, 107
Darwin, Charles
98, 98n3, 106
Davie, Grace
123
de Almeida, Luís (1525–1597)
48, 50–56
de Figueiredo, Belchior (c. 1530–1597)
56, 59
Decoteau, Claire Laurier
14
denominationalism
18
deprivatization
6, 151–153, 156, 158, 163, 167, 170
Dessì, Ugo
2–6, 128, 129, 146
devil worship
57
dharma king
24
Dharmapāla, Anagārika
105
differentiation(s)
VIII, 1–5, 9n, 11, 20, 22, 23, 32–33, 49, 60, 62, 68, 75, 79, 104, 117, 125, 145, 157, 158, 166, 169, 170
functional
32, 117, 125
between science and religion
104
between religion and medicine
48, 50, 60, 62
of culture and religion
79
of religion and politics
68, 117
of religion and the secular
75, 117, 125, 157–158
institutional
1, 49, 60, 22–23
social
33, 49, 62, 169
see also distinctions
diffusion
IX, 2, 13
disenchantment
78n6, 82, 152
dispensaries
47, 61
distinction(s)
VIII, 1–2, 6, 11, 33, 48, 50, 57–58, 62, 75, 112, 114–116, 133
Dōkyō 道鏡
24–26
Draper, John William
98, 108–109
Durkheimian
124, 133, 143
Edo period
5, 11, 18, 60, 66–68, 78, 85, 88, 90, 91
Education
9, 56, 60, 111, 122
Elias, Norbert
93n16
emancipation from magic (Entzauberung)
77n6, 78n6, 94, 157
Emperor
11, 19, 21–25, 28–30, 32, 59, 97, 132, 160
Empress
24–25, 30, 84
enchanted garden (Zaubergarten)
77, 78n6, 79, 90
Enryakuji
27, 33
enthronement ceremony
23, 26
Esotericism
104
see also esoteric Buddhism; New Age movements
ethics
18, 35–36
evil teaching
64
evolution
theory
104, 106
evolutionism
1, 13n9
exceptionalism
4
experience
103, 113n24, 114, 123–124, 127, 132, 141–142
experiment
104, 112–115
Falin 法琳
29
feng 封 sacrifice
22
festival
34, 89–90, 122–124, 127–128, 131, 141n14, 143, 145, 150, 166–167
Hùng King Festival
167
matsuri 祭り (festivals)
127, 132, 150, 151
tanabata 七夕 (the Star Festival)
89, 90, 95
field of
compassion
61
gratitude
61
respect
61
merit
61–62
forced labour
165
France
144n19
see also Paris
Franciscans
49
Fróis, Luís (1532–1597)
55–69
Fujiwara clan
23, 31–32
Fukansai Habian
98
fukuden 福田
61, 69
Funai
50–56, 65n34
Fundraising
53
fuse 布施
47
Gago, Balthazar (c. 1520–1583)
51, 51n10–11, 55
Gaozu 高祖
19
genealogy
12, 110, 130
genze riyaku 現世利益 (this-worldly benefits)
142
Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie I
77, 94
Gikeiki 義経記 (the Legend of Yoshitsune)
80
giving
47, 49
global condition
7, 34
globalization
3, 102
goddess
31, 82–83, 85, 162, 167
gods revived after death
84
Goguryeo 高句麗
19
Gomyō 護命
27
goshuin
御朱印 (red seal/stamp)
142–145
御朱印
6, 142–145
Go-Toba 後鳥羽
32
governance
12–13, 21n17, 22, 33–34
see also state institutions; centralized state; state shinto; seikyō bunri 政教分離 (separation of state and religion); heavenly mandate
Great Purification Rite (ōharae 大祓)
22, 24
Great Tōhoku Earthquake Higashi Nihon dai-shinsai 東日本大震災
122n1, 135
Guanyin 観音 (Kan- non)
84, 85, 85n, 87
Guimet, Émile
116
Gyuō no hime 牛王の姫
84
Hachiman 八幡
25, 81–82
Hakone Gongen 箱根権現 (the incarnation of the Buddha at Hakone)
81, 82
Halloween
6, 124, 126–128, 139–141, 144–145
Hashima (Gunkanjima)
165
hatto 法度
68n36
Hayashi Razan
98
healing
46–47, 62–64, 81, 142
see also medicine
heavenly mandate, mandate of heaven (tianming 天命)
4, 28–31
Heian period
28, 31–33, 82
Heiankyō
27
see also Kyōto
Heritage
cultural
6, 35, 148–152, 154–155, 158, 166–168
dark
164, 165
and religion (research subject)
154
-making
6, 11, 155, 156, 158, 168, 172, 174
heritagisation
6, 152–153, 156, 158–159, 163–165, 167–170
Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)
148–155, 166–168, 171
isan 遺産 (heritage)
148, 155n10, 172
World Heritage
148–170
World Heritage Committee
149, 149n2, 159, 163, 171
World Heritage List
6, 148, 149n3, 158, 161, 164–166, 168
hiden-in 悲田院
61
hikikomori ひきこもり (youth suffering from social withdrawal)
138
Hiroshima Peace Memorial
164
Hirosue Tamotsu 廣末保
90
historiography
29, 167
Hội An
166
Hōjō
33
Hokke tradition
35
Hokkekyō 法華経
82
Hōnen bukkyō no shosō 法然仏教の諸相
78n6, 95
honji suijaku 本地垂跡
82
honjimono 本地物
82, 83
hōō 法王
24
hōō 法皇
23
Hōshi sōdan
108, 114
see also Buddhist journals
hospitals
47–49, 53–54, 60–61, 65–69
human relationships
6, 123–128, 133–135, 139–145
ICOMOS
149n2, 162, 163
idolatry
57
Ie イエ (household) and mura ムラ (village)
131–135, 143–145
ie-mura system
5–6, 132–135, 137, 144
Igakkan 医学館
67
Ikegami Eiko 池上英子
76n2
Illnesses
51, 63–64
immanence
20, 32
immanent frame
156
imperial
cult
18, 26
Imperial Household Agency
160, 164
palace
23, 26n26
rites
4, 19
Shintō
10
imperialism
2, 9
see also Emperor; Empress; enthronement ceremony
implicit religion
144
India
7, 47, 50, 51, 54, 82
medical system
47
industrialization
17, 132
Inoue Enryō
100, 110, 112, 116
Inoue, Mitsusada
17, 21, 25–27, 30
insei 院政
32
interdependence of the nomosphere of the ruler and the nomosphere of the Buddha
11, 33
intimate sphere
136, 138–139, 143
Ise Jingū
161
Ise Shrine
24–27, 161
Itsukushima Jinja
161
Itsukushima no honji 厳島の本地
83
IUCN
149
iwakura 岩倉 (sacred rock)
162
Iyanaga Nobumi 彌永信美
85n11
Izumo Taisha
161
James, William
103n10
Japanese Society
VIII, 5, 57, 75, 77, 78n6, 85, 90, 94, 100, 130, 134, 135, 136
Jesuits
4, 46–60, 62–65, 68, 97
see also Catholic
47, 48, 50–68
see also Company of Jesus
Jibushō 治部省
24
jihi 慈悲
47, 69
jike 寺家
27, 33
Jingikan 神祇官
22
jingiryō 神祇令
23
Jinja Honchō 神社本庁 (Association of Shinto Shrines)
157, 163, 169
Jinnō shōtōki 神皇正統記
31
jirikikyūsai 自力救済
77
Jōdo Shinshū 浄土真宗
77, 78n6, 79, 82, 87, 107–108, 110, 112
Jōdo shisō 浄土思想
82
see also Buddhism, True Pure Land, Pure Land
jōdo 浄土
82, 87, 105
Jōdoshū 浄土宗
87, 105
True Pure Land
87, 105
see also True Pure Land, Buddhism
Jongmyo Shrine
165, 166, 167
Jōruri
jōruri 浄瑠璃
5, 75–96
monogatari 浄瑠璃物語
5, 75, 76, 80–84, 86, 88, 91
Kabuki 歌舞伎
79, 88, 89
Kachi no shakaigaku 価値の社会学
91n, 95
kaidan 戒壇 (ordination platform)
27
Kaii no minzokugaku 怪異の民俗学
81, 95
Kamakura
32–33
Kamakura bukkyō 鎌倉仏教
78n6
Kamakura period
32, 35, 47, 87
kami cult
18
Kami hotoke ōken no chūsei 神・仏・王権の中世
95
kami worship
35
Shintō
18, 35, 59, 65, 68, 83, 111
kana-zōshi 仮名草子
80n
kanjin 勧進
69
Kanmu 桓武
20, 25–27, 31
Kannon henyōtan 観音変容譚
85n, 95
kanpaku 關白
31
karma
23, 81, 82
karuṇā
47
Kashōki 可笑記
88n
Kasuga Taisha
161
katakiuchimono 敵討物
91
Kawata Koh 川田耕
XI, 5, 28n29
Keene, Donald
81, 86
keichō 傾聴 (active listening)
138
ken’i 權威
22
kenmon 權門
28
kenryoku 權力
22
kessai 潔斎
24
Kii Peninsula
150
Kinmei 欽明
19
Kinpira tanjōki 公平誕生記
92
Kinpira jōruri 金平浄瑠璃
5, 75, 76, 92, 93, 94
Kirishitan
50, 64, 145
Kitabatake Chikafusa 北畠親房
31
Kiyomizu monogatari 清水物語
88n
kizuna 絆
124
Kleine, Christoph
77n6, 121, 133
Kōfukuji
23
Koji rui‘en 古事類苑
35
Kojiki 古事記
29–30
ko-jōruri
83, 86, 88
ko-jōruri 古浄瑠璃 (old jōruri).
80
Kōken 孝謙
26
kokoro 心 (mind or spirit)
5, 75
kokugaku 國學
18, 99n4
Komatsu Kazuhiko 小松和彦
81, 95
kōmō-ryū igaku 紅毛流医学
50
Kōmyō 光明
25, 69
Kongōbuji
27
Korea
North (DPRK)
149
South (ROK)
6, 144n19, 148, 152, 160
peninsula
19
Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokitesvara
96
kuge 公家
28, 33
Kūkai 空海
27
Kumano no honji 熊野の本地
83, 84
Kuroda Shintō 黒田真洞
105
Kuroda Toshio 黒田俊雄
42, 44, 78n6, 172
kyōdenin 敬田院
61
kyōdōtai 共同体 (community)
137, 146, 163
Kyōgi Shinbun: see Buddhist journals
98–99, 113
Kyōto
25, 27, 27n, 37, 49n6, 56, 61, 63, 65, 80–81, 83, 147, 161
Kyushu
49–51, 68, 162
La Mort Volantaire au Japon
89, 95
laicization
130
LDP
9
legal norms
16, 18
Leprosaria
47, 49
Liangzhu Archaeological Site, Zhejiang
159
Line (social media platform)
135
Luang Prabang
158
Luckmann, Thomas
33, 130
Luther, Martin
48–49
Macao
51
macro-historical analyses / analysis
14–15
Mahāvairocana
25
Maitreya
29
Maitrī
47
Manase Dōsan 曲直瀬道三
57–60
Maria Kannon マリア観音
85n
Maruyama Masao
131
Materialism
78, 102
Mathematics
48n4, 97, 97n
Matsuura Kōichirō
150
Mazu/Maso 媽祖
84
medicine
Buddhism and medicine
47, 60
doctors
46, 48, 55–58, 60, 63, 65, 67
medical concoctions
46
Chinese-style medicine
47
Red-haired medicine
50
religious medicine
46
medicinal plants
66
separation between medicine and religion
46
Western-style medicine
47
pharmacists
58
surgery
46, 46n1, 48–49, 51, 56
southern barbarian-style surgery
51
see also anatomy; differentiation between religion and medicine; hospitals; illness; healing
Meido no hikyaku 冥土の飛脚 (The Courier for Hell)
91
Meiji
Industrial Sites
164–165
period
3, 5, 9, 12, 35, 48, 69, 101, 148(n1), 160, 165
reformers
10, 19–20, 22, 34
restoration
17–18, 26(n26)
Meiroku zasshi
108
Mengzi 孟子
30
Mi no kagami 身の鏡
88n
mikkyō 密教
104n11, 78n6
Mimana 任那
19
Ministry of Civil Affairs
24
miracles
46, 79
Misai‘e 御齊會
23
Misericordia
49, 50, 53n15
Mishima みしま
83
Missionaries
18, 47–49, 53, 60, 66, 68, 97–99, 101, 110
Modernity
modernization
1, 89, 125, 128–129, 131–133, 139, 145
multiple modernities
128, 132
Mongol invasion
31
moral
78, 88–89, 91, 122, 167
see also popular morality
Morse, Edward Sylvester
106, 106n15
Mother Goddess Worship (Đạo Mẫu)
167, 170
Mount Fuji
150, 161
Mount Hiei
27, 52, 55
Mozu-Furuichi Kofungun Ancient Tumulus Clusters
160
Mt. Sumeru
99, 115
muen shakai 無縁社会 (relationless society)
135
multiple secularities
VIII, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 41, 44, 73, 121, 125, 128, 133, 134, 158, 172
Munakata Taisha
162–164, 170
muromachi jidai monogatari 室町時代物語
80n
mushūkyō 無宗教
122–124
Nagaoka
25
Nagasaki
49, 50, 57, 72, 73, 150, 165
Naka no Ōe 中大江
21
Nakane Chie
91n, 95
Nakatomi no Kamatari 中富鎌足
21
Nanbanji kōhaiki 南蠻寺興廢記
63–64
nanban-ryū geka 南蛮流外科
51
Nanjing Massacre Memorial
164
Nara Document of Authenticity
149n4
Nara period
17, 21, 24–26, 47
nativism
18, 31
New Age movements
137, 141, 144
Newton, Isaac
102
nifukuden 二福田
61
Nihon no kindaika to minshū shisō 日本の近代化と民衆思想.
96
Nihon rinri shisōshi 日本倫理思想史
96
Nihon shakai no rekishi 日本社会の歴史
94
Nihon shoki 日本書紀
19, 29–30
nihonjinron 日本人論
121, 130
Nikkō
161
ningyō jōruri 人形浄瑠璃
86
Ninshō 忍性 (1217–1303)
61
nomosphere(s)
11, 16, 20(n16), 32–33
nones (people who regard themselves as non-religious)
121–125, 128, 144
nonreligious
1, 145
non-religiousness, non-religiosity
121, 124–125, 137, 141
ōbō 王法
11, 16, 32–33, 133–134
ōbō buppō paradigm
11, 16, 33, 133–134
see also ōbō buppō sō’i 王法佛法相依
Ogino Masahiro 荻野昌弘
91, 95
Oguri hangan 小栗判官
83, 84
Ogurusu Kōchō
108
ōharae 大祓
22
ōjō 往生
82
Okinoshima Island
162, 164
Olcott, Henry Steel
105
onden 恩田
61
Ōnin civil war
32
Onjōji
27
Ooms, Herman
78, 95
orphanage
50
otaku
136
Ōtomo Sōrin 大友宗麟 (1530–1587)
51n10, 52
Ōtomo Yoshishige 大友義鎮 (1530–1587)
51n10
Otsuka Hisao
131
Ōuchi Seiran
108–109, 114
Outstanding Universal Value (OUV)
162
Oya-sama 親様
82
Pacific War
9, 18
Paris
98
see also France
path dependency
1, 13, 15, 34, 36, 132
path dependent process(es)
13–16, 18, 35–37
Peter Berger
130
Philosophy
105, 107–113
physician
46–49, 54–59
see also medicine
physics
100, 103, 111, 115–116
Pinguet, Maurice
89
places for nourishing life
67
Portugal
47, 51n10
practices, practicing (as opposed to beliefs, believing)
6, 20, 23, 35, 46, 48, 49, 55, 56, 77, 99, 104n11, 109n20, 111, 121, 121n2, 124–128, 134, 139, 143, 148, 149, 150–158, 163, 166–170
pre-birth memories
141–145
primal religion
35
privatization
6, 75, 76, 130
see also deprivatization
popular morality
78, 89
Protestant Church
48, 98, 102, 103
public campaigns
69
Public Religions in the Modern World
75, 156
Pure Land
20n16, 35, 78, 84, 94, 116
Pure Land
35, 77, 82, 84, 94, 116
see also jōdo 浄土, True Pure Land
Rationalism
102
Reader, Ian
142
Reformation
49–50
Rennyo 蓮如
78n6, 82
revival movement
66
rinpa 琳派
79
ritsuryō 律令
21–23
ruler’s law
32–33, 133
see also ōbō 王法
Ryōchikai zasshi: see Buddhist journals
106–107
Ryukyu Kingdom
164
sacralisation
6, 7, 152, 153, 154, 158, 159, 164, 165, 169, 170
Saichō 最澄
27
saisei itchi 祭政一致
22
saishō‘e 最勝會
23
Sakoku 鎖国 (book by Watsuji Tetsurō)
76n2
sakoku 鎖国 (national isolation)
16, 76n2
Sakuta Keiichi 作田啓一
91n
salvation
5, 49, 57, 69, 75–77, 82–90, 93–94, 142
Sanshōdayū 山椒大夫
83n, 84
Satō Hiroo 佐藤弘夫
32, 44, 95
Schall von Bell, Adam
97
science
supernatural science
57
compatibility of religion and science
110
scientific revolution
102
see also differentiation between science and religion
secular
A Secular Age
VII
discursive secularization
173
Secularisation
6, 18, 23, 27, 151–153, 156–159, 164, 169–170
secularism
VII, 1, 11–13, 48, 101, 117, 144–145, 155, 164
secularity
VII–IX, 1–5, 9, 11–15, 22, 34, 57, 60, 68, 97, 101, 121, 125, 128, 133–134, 145, 158
secularization
1, 3–6, 75–76, 79, 80(n8), 90, 94, 98, 117, 125, 128–131, 133, 135, 144
see also multiple secularities
Sēfa Utaki
164, 173, 150, 158
Seibozō no tōrai 聖母像の到来
96
seichi 聖地 (sacred place)
162, 150
seikyō bunri 政教分離 (separation of state and religion)
150, 152
seikyō itchi 政教一致
22
seken 世間
21, 32, 108, 133–134
Sekimon shingaku 石門心学
88
sekkyō 説経
80n, 83, 83n, 84, 86, 88
self-esteem
136, 138, 141, 144
sesshō 攝政
31
sewamono 世話物
89
seyakuin 施薬院
47, 67
sezoku 世俗
3, 145
Shaku Sōen
100, 100n5, 105, 109
shan 禪 sacrifice
22
Shibuya
6, 124, 127, 139–140, 144–145
Shihonshugi to tasha 資本主義と他者
91
Shikidō ōkagami 色道大鏡
89
Shimaji Mokurai 島地黙雷
98–99, 108–110, 114–116
shinbutsu bunri 神佛分離
25
shinbutsu bunri no rei 神佛分離の令
35
Shinde yomigaeru kami 死んで蘇る神
84, 95
shingon (mantra)
63
Shingon (school)
27, 106
Shinjū ten no amijima 心中天網島 (The Love Suicides at Amijima)
90, 91, 95
shinjū 心中
5, 75, 76, 85–95
shinjūmono 心中物
84, 90, 91
shinkoku 神国 (divine nation)
18, 42, 161, 172
Shinran 親鸞
77, 87, 95, 96
Shintō
IX, 9–11, 18, 25, 31, 34–36, 78–79, 126–127, 129, 135, 150, 153, 157, 159–163, 165, 169
shrines
IX, 150, 157, 160, 161, 163, 169
Shrine Shintō
10–11, 18
State Shintō
9–10, 18, 26(n26), 103(n9), 129, 134(n9)
fukko shintō 復古神道
18
Sect Shintō
11, 21n17
see also Jinja Honchō 神社本庁 (Association of Shinto Shrines); Imperial
Shirakawa 白川
32
Shirakawa-gō
158
shōen 莊園
28
shogunate
5, 16, 76–79, 83, 85, 89
shogyō mujō 諸行無常
77
Shō-Hachiman 正八幡
81, 82
Shōmu 聖武
25
shōnin 承認
124, 136–137
Shōtoku Taishi 聖徳太子
61, 69
Shōtoku 稱德 (empress)
24, 26
shrines
IX, 15(n22), 63, 68, 77, 142, 150, 157, 160–163, 169
see also Shinto shrines; imperial shrines; Ise shrine; Jongmyo Shrine; Jinja Honchō 神社本庁 (Association of Shinto Shrines)
shūkyō 宗教 (religion)
3, 10–11, 18, 35, 111, 114–115, 150, 157
hōjin 宗教法人 (religious legal person)
150
Shumi-sen
see Mt. Sumeru
shūshi 宗旨
16(n13), 35
Shusse kagekiyo 出世景清
86
shusseken 出世間
21, 32, 133–134
Shutendōji 酒呑童子
92
Silla 新羅
19
sinicisation
4, 19, 20, 23, 25–26
social
capital
135
engagement
69, 69n37
media (social networking services, SNS)
135–136, 140
social structures
IX, 1–2, 4, 13, 15–18, 21, 33–34
analogous structures of culture and society
58
epistemic structures
IX, 1–2, 4, 13, 15–18, 21, 32, 33–34, 37
plausibility structure(s)
33–34
Society of Jesus
49, 50–51
socio-cultural formation(s)
11, 21, 24, 35
soft power
149
Soga clan
21
Soga no Umako
17
Soga-mon 曽我物
91
sōgō 僧綱
24, 27
Sōka Gakkai 創価学会
169
sokui girei 即位儀礼
23
Sonezaki shinjū 曽根崎心中 (The Love Suicides at Sonezaki)
5, 75, 76, 86–93
sōniryō 僧尼令
23–24
soul
113
Spencer, Herbert
106
spirit mediums
170
Spiritualism
104
spirituality
144, 161
state institutions
11(n6), 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 33n41
power
17, 91–93
regulations
68n36
statecraft
4, 10(n4), 19
Sui Wendi 隋文帝
19
Sui 隨 dynasty
18, 28, 30(n35)
Suiko 推古
30
supernatural beings
6, 143
Superstition
82, 112, 167
supra-mundane
20n16, 21, 32
see also shusseken 出世間
Suzuki, Daisetsu Teitarō
100, 105, 115–116
taboos
24, 164
Taika reform
20–24, 30, 36–37
Taiwan (ROC)
149n3
Taixu 太虚
105
Takakusu Junjirō
106
Tanaka Tsunekiyo
163, 174
Tang 唐 China
18–19, 22, 25, 29
taxonomy, taxonomies
35, 62, 69
Taylor, Charles
VII–VIII, 156
see also secularism; secularity; A Secular Age
teleological determinism
15, 156
Tenbruck, Friedrich
15
Tendai 天台
27, 56, 106
Tenji Tennō 天智天皇, Tenji
21, 27n27, 29, 29n32
Tenmu 天武
27n27, 29, 29n32
tenshi 天子
30
Tenshō Daijin 天照太神
82
tenson 天孫
19, 31n36
terauke seido 寺請制度
79
The Legends of Miaoshan
85
The Lotus Sutra
82
The Tale of Genji
81
The Taming of the Samurai: Honorific Individualism and the Making of Modern Japan.
76n2, 95
Theosophical Society
104–105
three jewels
29
tianming 天命
28
tianzi 天子
29
Tibet
16, 33n42, 116
Tōdaiji 東大寺
25–26, 35n43, 69
Tōji 東寺
26n26, 27, 33
Tokugawa
11, 16, 66, 68n36, 78–79, 89, 93n15, 94, 129
Tokugawa Ideology: Early Constructs, 1570–168
78, 95
Tokugawa Religion: The Cultural Roots of Modern Japan
78, 82, 94
Tokugawa Yoshimune 徳川吉宗 (1684–1751, r. 1716–1745)
66–67
Tokyo Imperial University
107, 112
Tourism
151, 152, 152n6, 158, 167, 168, 170, 172, 173
Toyotomi Hideyoshi 豊臣秀吉 (1537–1598)
60
transcendence
20, 32, 35, 100
Troeltsch, Ernst
103n10, 128
True Pure Land
77, 82
see also Jōdo Shinshū 浄土真宗, Pure Land
tsunagari つながり
124–128, 135, 137–145
tsūzoku dōtoku 通俗道徳
78, 89
ujigami 氏神
30, 132
ukiyo 浮世, ukiyo-e 浮世絵
88
UNESCO
148–151, 159n, 160–169
Urabe Kanjun
113–114
Valignano, Alexandro
53, 53n17, 65–66
Vatican Council
103, 102
First
102–103
Second
103
Verbiest, Ferdinand
97
Vietnam
148n, 149, 152, 166–170
Vinaya
24, 27, 62
Virgin Mary
51, 85n
Wakakuwa Midori 若桑みどり
96
Wallace, Alfred Russel
104
Wangzhang 萬章
30
washoku 和食 (Japanese cuisine)
150
Watsuji Tetsurō 和辻哲郎
76n2, 84, 96
Weber, Max
21, 32n39–40, 77, 77n6, 82
see also enchanted garden (Zaubergarten); disenchantment; emancipation from magic (Entzauberung)
wedding
124–128, 135, 140, 143–145
Wendi 文帝
19, 28, 30
Wohlrab-Sahr, Monika
121, 158
Woodhead, Linda
121–122
World Parliament of Religions
105
World Within Walls.
91n, 86, 95
Wu Zetian 武則天
25, 29
Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来 (the Buddha of Healing)
81, 82, 84, 91
Yakushiji 薬師寺
23
yamabushi 山伏
64
Yamato
30, 30n35, 31n36, 35, 17, 19–20, 27, 30
basin
19
Clan
4
state
17, 19, 20
Yanagawa Kei’ichi
122n2, 123–125, 127–131, 134–135, 134n8, 143, 145
Yang Wenhui 楊文会
105
Yangdi 煬帝
30
yangsheng 養生
67
Yasumaru Yoshio 安丸良夫
79, 89, 96
Yayoi
14
yōjō 養生
67
sho 養生所
67
Yōrō Code
21n19, 23
Yoshitani Kakuju 吉谷覚寿
107
Yü, Chün-fang
85n, 96
Yuan 元 dynasty
31
Yuima‘e 維摩會
23
Yūrin 有隣 (d. 1410)
61
Zen 禅
56, 116
Rinzai Zen
33, 56, 106
Sōtō Zen
108, 109n19
see also Buddhism
Zöllner, Friedrich
104