Index
Locations in present-day Romania use their official Romanian name, followed, in parentheses, by the Hungarian and German variants1 – when available. Only the official / most commonly used names are listed – each location has a plethora of other outdated, informal or less commonly used denominations. Locations outside the borders of present-day Romania are followed by their country.
abbeys
(
monasteries
) 80–81, 84n.75, 94n.112, 118, 124n.62, 125n.64, 185, 232, 243n.25, 245n.33, 254, 322
Abram (h. Érábrány)
69, 94, 264
Acâș (h. Ákos, g. Fürstendorf)
38, 69, 94, 122, 179, 200–201
ad sanctos
382
Adrian II, pope (867–872)
70
Agârbiciu (h. Szászegerbegy, g. Arbegen)
264, 291n.88, 333, 344
Agnita (h. Szentágota, g. Agnetheln)
179, 204n.128, 205n.130, 207
Ahtonmonustura
91
Ahtum, duke of Morisena
45, 47, 58–59, 73, 82, 83n.71, 84–85, 89, 91n.104, 106, 113n.26
aisles
4, 41, 102, 107, 120–121, 125, 127, 130, 159, 161–163, 171, 173, 199–200, 202–203, 205–208, 210–214, 237, 245–246, 248, 278, 282, 290–291, 295–301, 303n.122, 304, 311, 317–318, 320, 323, 328, 350, 352–354, 382, 420
Aita Mare (h. Nagyajta, g. Aitau)
333, 336
Aiud (h. Nagyenyed, g. Straßburg am Mieresch)
34, 36, 41, 264, 266n.5, 267, 269, 272, 283–284, 302, 330, 333, 342, 360, 422
Ákos, noble house
90, 114
Alba Iulia (Bălgrad, h. Gyulafehérvár, g. Karlsburg, Weißenburg)
3, 6–7, 19, 26, 30–31, 33–36, 39, 44, 45n.12, 48–51, 58, 60, 63, 69–71, 73, 77, 79–82, 85–86, 95, 96n.128, 104–107, 109–111, 113, 121–122, 138–139, 140–173, 177, 179, 184, 187, 199–200, 207, 208n.144, 217, 219–222, 224–225, 235–236, 239, 243, 258, 261–262, 264, 266n.5, 267, 296n.103, 306, 333, 375, 418–420
the pillared (Greek-cross) church
77, 82, 107, 109–111, 143, 145, 151–158, 160–162, 172
the rotunda
48, 73, 82, 107n.11, 122, 145, 146–150, 156n.40, 159, 160n.54, 163, 172, 217, 219–222, 224–225
the first cathedral
121, 145–150, 158–163, 187
the second cathedral
163–173, 262
Albert Huet, constable of the Saxons
326
Albești (h. Fehéregyháza, g. Weissenkirch)
69, 91, 179, 192, 333, 339
Albiș (h. Albis)
38–39, 179, 197–198, 264, 280n.61, 333, 362
Almaș (h. Háromalmás, g. Almasch)
69, 94
Almașu Mare – Joseni (h. Nagyalmás, g. Groß-Obstdorf)
375, 389–392, 407, 410–411
Alțâna (h. Alcina, g. Alzen)
179, 205, 208, 333, 352, 354
altars
119–120, 198, 222, 314, 322n.38, 329, 408–409
Aluniș (Chiced; h. Kecsed)
264, 274
ambulatories
202, 298, 300n.113, 323
Amnaș (h. Omlás, g. Hamlesch)
179, 333, 352
Ampellum
(
Zlatna
) 44
Ampoița (h. Kisompoly, g. Ampoifluß)
375, 389
Anca, noble lady
379, 382
Andreas Lapicida, master mason
300n.113
Andrew I of Hungary (1046–1060)
59, 79, 85, 98
Andrew II of Hungary (1205–1235)
53, 95n.122, 215n.152, 236n.1
Andrew III of Hungary (1290–1301)
266, 341
Anjou, dynasty
264, 266
Anonymous, chronicler
55
Anselm of Braz, colonizer
232
Antoni, Erhard
136n.93
Apahida (h. Apahida, g. Bruckendorf)
68n.8, 69
Apold (h. Apold, g. Trappold)
179, 205n.131, 333, 336
apses
(
chancels, sanctuaries
) 19, 86–88, 95n.122, 99n.136, 102–103, 106, 109, 111, 117–118, 120–123, 125, 127–128, 130, 134–137, 146–148, 150, 152–155, 159, 163, 165–168, 170, 184, 186–189, 191–192, 194, 196–200, 202, 205–207, 210–211, 214, 217n.161, 219–220, 222–225, 229–230, 235, 237, 240–242, 246, 248, 250–251, 253–255, 258, 274, 276–280, 282, 284n.68, 288, 290–291, 293–294, 295n.96, 297, 300–301, 303n.122, 306, 313–314, 318–320, 322, 325, 328, 339n.33, 345, 349–350, 352–354, 365n.134, 377, 382, 386–387, 389–391, 399, 403–404, 406–407, 410, 415
Apulum
(
Alba Iulia
) 44, 68n.5, 69, 140
Arad (h. Arad, Óarad, g. Arad, Altarad)
69, 89, 93
archaeological churches
15, 87, 110, 119, 129–130, 187, 192, 205, 229, 231, 234, 280, 378–379, 380, 395–396, 400
archdeacon(rie)s
59, 61, 86–87, 118
Archita (h. Erked, g. Arkeden)
333, 336, 349, 352
archpriests
62, 376, 392
Arcuș (h. Árkos)
333, 338, 364
Armășeni (h. Csíkménaság)
179, 190, 264, 280–281
Arnulf of Carinthia, Frankish king (887–899) and emperor (896–899)
46
Árpád, dynasty
76, 185, 266
Árpádian
30–31, 50, 162, 182n.12
artefacts (pottery, jewellery, engolpions, etc)
(
coins, grave goods
) 11, 28, 34, 38, 46, 49, 68, 70–71, 73, 75n.32, 77–78, 103, 117, 127, 130, 134, 137–138, 140, 142n.6, 160, 177, 182n.12, 318, 367, 395
ashlars
(
stone
) 41, 125, 148, 166, 168, 222, 224, 256, 301, 318, 409
Ațel (h. Ecel, g. Hetzeldorf)
264, 276, 290, 333, 349
atrium
163, 171
Augustinian(s)
22, 80, 95n.121, 288–289
Avradaka
,
see Preslav
Avram, Alexandru
32
Avrămești (h. Szentábrahám)
69, 128, 130, 179
Avrig (h. Felek, g. Freck)
179, 200, 205n.130, 207n.137, 208n.144, 333, 346n.59, 354, 360
Axente Sever (h. Asszonyfalva, g. Frauendorf)
179, 192, 194, 264, 333, 344
Baán, Istvan
77
Bács (Bač, Serbia)
77
Bădeni (h. Bágy)
69, 98, 179, 196, 264, 279
Bădești (h. Bádok)
239, 251n.42
Băgaciu (h. Kisbogács, g. Disteldorf)
264
Bágyuj, Lajos
165n.73
Baia Mare (h. Nagybánya, g. Frauenbach)
36, 53, 179, 264, 266n.5, 267, 270, 272, 275, 284, 330, 422
Băiești (h. Bajesd, g. Bayeschd)
375, 393
Balc of Moldavia (1359/1364), voivode of Maramureş
385
Bălcaciu (h. Bolkács, g. Bulkesch)
333, 352
Balea, knez
379
Bălgrad
,
see Alba Iulia
(
Voivodeship of B.
)
Balkan(s)
50, 106, 155n.34, 157, 266
Banat, region
2, 4–5, 32, 57–58, 82, 113, 114n.27, 266
baptism
67–68, 76, 78–79, 81–82, 99, 104, 148, 227, 416
baptismal font
196, 313
baptisteries
84n.75, 105, 124–125, 147–150, 171, 225, 227, 235, 325
Bărăbanț (h. Borbánd, g. Weindorf)
179, 189n.49
Baraolt (h. Barót)
52
Baroque, style
42, 163, 167, 170–171, 197n.91, 203, 229, 283, 285, 302, 311, 416
Bârsa, Land of
1, 22, 29, 51, 53–54, 57, 60, 181–182, 239, 244, 245n.34, 272, 337, 341, 346, 361
Bârsău (h. Berekszó)
375, 404n.117
Basarab, dynasty
404
Basil I, Byzantine emperor (867–886)
155n.34
Basilian(s)
81, 91
basilicas
7, 17, 19–21, 23, 34, 73, 76n.34, 84n.75, 88, 93n.111, 95n.122, 102, 109, 121–125, 127, 130, 134–135, 139n.105, 145, 148, 159, 161–162, 166, 172–173, 183, 186, 190–192, 199–200, 202–216, 232, 235, 237, 241, 245–246, 248, 260, 263n.70, 282–283, 290–295, 298, 301–305, 309, 311, 313, 316, 318–321, 323, 324n.45, 336, 338, 341, 344–347, 348n.66 and 67, 349–354, 359, 379, 382, 384, 420–421
Batu Khan, Mongol ruler (1227–1255)
183
bays
102, 107, 111, 115, 117, 152, 154–155, 165, 200, 205, 207–208, 214, 237, 246, 248, 256, 258, 262, 282, 286, 288, 291, 295, 297, 299–300, 303n.122, 311, 318, 323, 346, 350, 387, 413
Bazna (h. Bázna, g. Baassen)
333, 336, 352
Bedeu
,
see Bedevlia
Bedevlia (Ukraine)
377
Beia (h. Homoródbene, g. Meeburg)
333, 336
Béla I of Hungary (1060–1063)
124
Béla II of Hungary (1131–1141)
98n.132
Béla III of Hungary (1172–1196)
46n.18, 80n.61, 125n.66, 130, 232, 236n.1
Bela, knez
75
belfries
107, 184, 344, 400
Belgium
232
Belin (h. Bölön, g. Blumendorf)
333
Bencze, Ünige
39, 237n.9
Benedictine(s)
12, 78, 80–81, 84n.75, 85, 90, 93–94, 95n.122, 106, 118, 120, 123n.57, 124–126, 128, 182, 185–186, 200–201, 202n.104 and 105, 233, 236n.1, 241, 243n.25, 421
Benkő, Elek
30, 39, 196, 202, 234
Berea (h. Bere)
179, 278n.45
Berehove (Ukraine)
298n.104
Berivoi (h. Berivoj; g. Berwein)
375, 377n.22
Beşliu, Petre
39, 240, 309n.9, 322, 324
Biertan (h. Berethalom, g. Birthälm)
69, 70n.14, 264, 267, 304, 333, 336, 367
Biharia (h. Bihar)
47, 58–59, 63, 69, 73, 81–82, 85, 106–107, 138, 155
Bila Cerkva (Ukraine)
377
Biserica Albă
,
see Bila Cerkva
Bisericani
,
see Turda
bishoprics
,
see dioceses
(arch)bishops
50, 60–61, 71, 75–76, 78–79, 84–85, 93, 98, 102n.143, 124n.64, 144n.11, 147, 158, 161n.61, 163, 170, 404, 419
Bistrița (h. Beszterce, g. Bistritz)
21–22, 53, 57, 179, 182–183, 191, 239, 243–244, 264, 266–267, 269, 272, 275–276, 284, 291–292, 305, 333, 338, 342
Bizere
,
see Frumușeni
Blandiana (h. Maroskarna, g. Stumpach)
48n.24, 69, 73n.26
Bogdan Vodă (Cuhea, h. Izakonyha)
5n.4, 375, 377, 379, 381, 399–401, 407–408
Boian (h. Alsóbajom, g. Bonnesdorf)
333, 336
Bonțida (h. Bonchida, g. Bruck)
264, 268
borderland
51, 55, 172, 416
Borsa, noble house
90, 127
Botár, István
39, 102
boyars
379
Boz (h. Buzd, g. Bußd)
333, 336
Bozieș (h. Magyarborzás; g. Hollerthal)
264, 274
Brădeni (h. Hégen, g. Henndorf)
333, 336
Brașov (Corona, h. Brassó, g. Kronstadt)
3, 20–21, 28–29, 36–37, 39, 51, 53–54, 57, 61, 69, 72n.22, 94–95, 98n.129, 101–103, 123, 179, 181–182, 217, 220–222, 226, 239, 244–245, 251–252, 254, 260, 262–264, 266–269, 272–276, 295–296, 299–301, 303, 306, 330, 333, 342, 375, 381, 399, 402, 421–422
Brașov-Bartolomeu (h. Brassóbertalan, g. Bartolomä)
4, 179, 205, 239, 244–245, 247, 262
Brașov-Șchei (Șcheii Brașovului, h. Bolgárszeg, g. Belgerei, Obere Vorstadt)
34, 403, 404n.117, 406, 413
Brateiu (h. Baráthely, g. Pretai)
264, 291n.88, 333
Bratislava (Slovakia)
298
brick, architecture
25, 95n.122, 109–111, 117, 128, 131–132, 134–135, 152, 177, 188, 214, 223–224, 229–230, 256, 278, 285, 313, 322–323, 328, 348, 350, 352, 362, 406, 408–412
Bruiu (h. Brulya, g. Braler)
179, 205n.130
Bruno (Prunward), bishop
78
Bucharest
35, 71n.20, 416
Buda
,
see Budapest
Budapest (Hungary)
27, 243n.25, 323n.40
building (construction) process
122–123, 135, 137, 149, 160, 166–167, 198, 203, 205, 207–208, 214, 230, 232, 234, 240–241, 246, 298–299, 301, 319–320, 322–323, 325, 356, 387n.60, 401, 406, 408
rebuilding
84n.75, 184, 298, 302, 324, 325n.52
Bulci (h. Bulcs)
69, 89n.97, 91, 106
Bulcsú (Boulosudes), Hungarian prince
76, 78
Bulgaria(ns)
1, 3, 45–47, 50, 70, 73, 106, 120, 142, 147, 155, 157
Bulgars
44
Bunești (h. Szászbuda, g. Bodendorf)
333, 336
burial grounds
(
cemeteries; cf. graveyards
) 49–51, 96, 98–99, 102n.143, 420
burials
(
graves, grave goods
) 73, 79, 84, 86, 88, 96, 99, 125–126, 131, 160, 166, 191, 194, 227, 325n.50, 359n.106, 381, 383, 395, 403n.115
vaults (i.e., tombs)
131, 316, 318
Burnichioiu, Ileana
32
Busuioc – von Hasselbach, Nicolae
32
buttresses
132, 134, 137n.95, 165–167, 170, 189, 198, 214, 240, 243, 248, 276, 280, 284n.69, 285, 287–288, 290, 298, 300n.113, 301–302, 306, 325–326, 328, 350–351, 354, 356, 397–398, 399n.108, 404
Buzd (h. Szászbuzd, g. Bußd )
264, 279, 333, 354
Byal Bryag (Smyadovo, Bulgaria)
117
Byzantine(s)
1, 3, 22, 45–47, 50, 55, 62, 67, 70, 73, 75–78, 109, 118, 139, 157, 172, 419
architecture (layouts, murals, structural design etc.)
7, 17, 29, 31–32, 36, 38, 47, 50, 87–88, 90, 104–105, 106–120, 138–139, 145, 154–157, 161–162, 172–173, 185, 187, 232n.193, 256, 385–386, 386–388, 395, 404, 410, 415–416, 419–420, 424
artefacts
46, 50, 70–71, 77, 87, 142, 157n.46
Cacuciu Nou (h. Nagykakucs)
179, 189
Calnic (h. Kálnok)
179, 187, 197, 333, 361
Câlnic (h. Kelnek, g. Kelling)
21, 34, 69, 91, 138, 179, 182, 184, 191–192, 333, 339–340, 367
Câmpia Turzii (Ghiriş, h. Aranyosgyéres, g. Gieresch, Jerichmarkt)
333, 342
Cândeşti (Kendeffi), noble house
256, 376n.6, 380
Cantacuzino, Gheorghe I.
34
capitals, architecture
88, 125, 127n.74, 203, 208n.144, 214, 232
Căpleni (h. Kaplony, g. Kaplan)
69, 94, 179, 202
Caransebeș (h. Karánsebes, g. Karanschebesch)
382
Carmen Miserabile
183
Cârnești (h. Kernyesd, g. Kernescht)
375, 393
Carolingian(s)
3, 67, 75–76
Carpathian(s)
1, 3, 20, 26, 49–50, 54, 58, 61, 72n.22, 94, 120, 155, 181, 244n.32, 307, 342, 417
Carpathian Basin
31, 44n.4, 46–47, 49, 63, 77, 106, 144, 156, 158, 172–173, 184, 216n.155, 224, 419
Cârța (h. Kerc, g. Kerz)
5n.4, 7–8, 22, 27–28, 32, 34, 69, 95, 123, 179, 181, 185, 215–216, 235–237, 239–240, 242–246, 251, 258, 260–264, 322, 395, 422
Cârța-Csíkkarcfalva (Cârța, h. Csíkkarcfalva)
5n.4, 179, 194, 264, 282n.61, 333, 338, 361n.121
Cașinu Mic (h. Kiskászon)
179, 196
Cașolț (h. Hermány, g. Kastenholz)
179, 203, 204n.128
Castrum Almage
246n.37
Castrum Sanctae Mariae
253n.46
Cața (h. Kaca, g. Katzendorf)
179, 205n.131, 264, 295
Catalogus Ninivensis
94
cathedrals
3, 7, 19, 30, 35–36, 60, 80–82, 84–85, 105, 121, 140–141, 142n.5, 143, 145–151, 154, 157–166, 170–171, 173, 177, 184, 187, 207, 208n.144, 225, 233, 235–236, 243n.25, 258, 261–262, 269, 295, 296n.100 and 103, 418, 420
Catholic(ism)
(
Latin(s), Western (Christianity)
) 5, 7, 9, 12, 17, 19, 45, 58, 62, 75n.30, 78–79, 81–82, 84, 86, 88, 90n.98, 91, 93–94, 114n.27, 118, 139, 141–142, 144–145, 380, 382, 415–416, 419–420, 424
architecture
6–7, 19–25, 38, 84n.75, 88, 104–105, 120–138, 140–141, 142n.5, 145, 150, 154, 158–173, 175–369, 373, 375n.4, 377, 380, 382, 384, 386, 400, 404, 414, 417, 420
Cefa (h. Cséffa)
179, 189
ceilings
200, 214, 224–225, 229, 256, 285, 356, 397, 407
cemeteries
(
burial grounds, graveyards
) 45n.12, 49, 51, 54n.58, 71, 73n.27, 87–89, 93n.111, 94n.112, 96, 98–103, 140, 142, 154, 160–162, 166, 173, 180, 188n.44, 197, 220–221, 225, 227, 230, 253–254, 261–262, 270, 283, 309, 311, 313, 316, 324–329, 342, 356, 359, 362–364, 366–368, 379n.28, 380–382, 393n.82, 399n.108, 409, 418
Cenad (Morisena, h. Nagycsanád, g. Tschanad)
37, 39, 47, 58–59, 61, 63, 69, 73, 79–83, 85, 89, 91, 93, 106, 113n.26, 121, 155, 158, 179, 375, 420
Cenade (h, Szászcsanád, g. Scholten)
179, 204n.128
centrally-planned architecture
7, 17, 19, 79, 82, 106, 111n.17, 121, 154, 162, 216–234, 235, 324
cross-shaped layouts
17, 19, 132, 245, 256, 260, 313, 346
(poly)lobed layouts
23, 79, 106, 111, 113, 232–233, 243, 259, 411
rotundas
48, 73, 82, 105, 107n.11, 122–125, 127, 130, 132, 134–135, 145–150, 156n.40, 159, 160n.54, 163, 172, 213–214, 216–222, 224–225, 227, 229–232, 234, 309, 324–325, 328, 339, 366, 421
chairs (sedes), Saxon
55–57
chairs (sedes), Szekler
30, 55–57, 100
chancels
(
apses, sanctuaries
) 23, 81, 87–88, 114–115, 122, 187, 189, 192, 197–198, 207, 222, 235, 243, 256, 274, 279–280, 333, 335, 354, 386, 392–395, 397–399, 410–411, 415
chapels
15, 33, 48, 72, 76n.34, 90, 105, 107, 122, 126–127, 132, 137, 147–148, 155, 159, 161n.63, 162–163, 171, 183–184, 188, 192n.62, 193–194, 196, 200, 211, 219, 221–222, 225–227, 230–231, 233–234, 237, 240–241, 243, 246, 248, 251–254, 262–263, 269, 272, 274–275, 283, 286–287, 291, 293, 295, 298, 300–301, 304, 306, 308–309, 311, 313–314, 316, 322–329, 331, 334, 336n.6, 338–339–340, 341n.39, 343, 344n.55, 347, 352n.87, 360, 364–367, 376n.6, 380–382, 393, 398, 399n.108, 401, 404
chapters (capitula)
60, 93, 320
Charles Robert of Hungary (1301/08–1342)
57, 266, 278n.48
Chavarria Arnau, Alexandra
417
Chefneux, Eugene
109
Chirpăr (h. Kürpöd, g. Kirchberg)
179, 205n.131, 207, 333, 352
choirs
(
sanctuaries
) 7, 102–103, 117, 131, 135, 136n.93, 137n.95, 163–168, 170, 188, 191, 193, 197n.91, 198, 200, 205, 207, 210–211, 214, 237, 248–249, 269, 276, 279–280, 282, 285–286, 288, 294–295, 297–300, 302, 303n.122, 313, 317–318, 320, 323, 349–350, 354, 356n.99, 357, 382, 391, 409
Chrasťnad Hornádom (Slovakia)
233n.202
Christian(ity)
3–4, 11–12, 42, 86, 90, 95–96, 98–99, 102–104, 130, 139–140, 147, 149, 154, 157, 161, 177, 185, 227, 229, 235, 240, 307n.3, 375, 416, 418–421
Christianization
(
baptism, mission(arie)s
) 3, 6–7, 46–48, 50, 58–59, 61–63, 67–81, 93–94, 99n.138, 109, 140, 157, 225, 227, 417, 419–420
Chorographia Transylvanniae
27
chronology
4, 11, 15, 17, 22, 38, 72, 80, 83n.71, 86–87, 99, 105, 109, 111, 113–114, 120, 123, 125, 130, 134, 135n.89, 138, 146–147, 156n.40, 159, 165, 170, 172–173, 177, 179, 184, 187, 200, 211, 215, 219, 220–222, 229, 232, 235, 251, 255–256, 285n.72, 296, 299n.108, 313, 320, 328, 340, 348n.67, 349, 356n.99, 362, 366, 368, 373, 375, 386, 395, 397, 402, 416, 423
Cib (h. Cseb, g. Tropfbach)
375, 389
Cibin, river
307
Cikádor (Bátaszék, Hungary)
80n.61, 236n.1
Cinciș (h. Csolnakos)
375, 404n.117
Cincșor (h. Kissink, g. Klein-Schenk)
239, 244n.29, 264
Cincu (h. Nagysink, g. Großschenk)
60, 179, 200, 205–207, 239, 246, 333, 346n.59
Cisnădie (h. Nagydisznód, g. Heltau)
21, 69, 122, 179, 191, 200, 204–205, 207, 217, 219–221, 264, 295, 333, 346, 365
Cisnădioara (h. Kisdisznód, g. Michelsberg)
21, 28, 34, 69, 122, 179, 184, 200, 204, 205n.131, 207–208, 214–215, 333, 360, 368
Cistercian(s)
7–8, 12, 22, 32, 80, 94–95, 123, 181–182, 189, 199, 222, 235, 236–263, 272, 313, 416, 422
cists
(
graves
) 78, 160n.60, 318
cities
(
towns, urban
) 1, 8, 44, 47, 52, 57, 142n.5, 165, 172n.91, 184, 246n.36, 266n.4, 295n.99, 296, 307n.1 and 3, 309, 322, 329, 359
Ciucsângeorgiu (h. Csíkszentgyörgy)
333
Ciula Mare (h. Nagycsula, g. Gross- Schullendorf)
375, 393–394, 397, 407
Ciumbrud (h. Csombord; g. Poley)
179, 217, 219n.169
Ciumești (h. Csomaköz, g. Schamagosch)
179, 264, 278
Cladova (h. Kladova)
99
Classicist, style
42
Cloașterf (h. Miklóstelke, g. Klosdorf)
264, 276, 333, 336
cloisters
(
monasteries
) 126, 240
Clopotiva (h. Klopotiva, g. Glockendorf)
375–376
Cluj-Napoca
5, 69, 179, 239, 264, 333
Cluj (Cluj-Napoca, h. Kolozsvár, g. Klausenburg)
5, 21–23, 36, 44, 47, 51, 53, 60–61, 183–184, 266n.5, 267, 268n.13, 269, 272, 274–276, 283–284, 286–287, 288n.78, 295–298, 301–303, 306, 330, 342, 381, 404, 422
Cluj-Mănăștur (h. Kolozsmonostor, g. Appesdorf)
37, 69, 89n.97, 93–94, 121, 124, 179, 232, 234, 239, 243n.25
Someșeni (h. Szamosfalva)
239, 251n.42
Codlea (h. Feketehalom, g. Zeiden)
333, 346, 357, 359, 361
coins
78, 87–88, 94n.112, 98, 109, 117, 125n.66, 128, 130, 134, 137, 154n.29, 157n.46, 166, 177, 192n.62, 210, 216, 232–233, 244n.32, 246n.36, 260, 278n.48, 283, 299n.108, 309, 322, 379n.28, 397–398, 402, 403n.115
Cojocna (h. Kolozs, g. Salzburg)
264, 266, 268
collapse
4, 25, 68, 70, 295, 300n.113, 302n.119, 325, 349n.71
Coloman of Hungary (1095–1116)
78–80, 98n.132, 137, 154n.29, 160
colonisation (incl. settle(ment), colonists, settlers)
6–8, 17, 19, 43–44, 47n.21, 51–54, 58, 60–61, 63, 67, 77, 80–81, 93, 96, 99, 104, 122, 131, 134–135, 139–140, 142, 157, 172, 177, 182–184, 188, 190–191, 200, 202, 210, 219, 221–222, 231n.190, 232, 244, 246n.37, 253n.46, 266, 305, 307, 309, 325, 329, 333, 377, 417, 419, 421
Colț
,
see Suseni
Communism
5n.4, 34–36, 42, 43n.1, 416
Constantinople (Turkey)
3, 47, 50, 70, 75–79, 85, 104, 106, 109, 120, 155–156, 158n.47, 173, 416
Bodrum Camii
155–156
Fenari Isa Camii
109, 155
Nea Ekklesia
155n.34
construction sites
3, 7, 20, 121, 155, 162, 165, 172, 182n.10, 184–185, 191, 200, 216, 221, 236, 241n.22, 243n.25, 260, 262–263, 268, 275–276, 284, 286n.76, 288, 296, 298–299, 302, 305, 319n.31, 320, 323, 325, 330, 348, 368, 386, 406, 416
levels
216, 397
phases
11, 38–39, 102, 191, 197n.86, 198, 242, 248, 255, 260–261, 280n.61, 289, 293, 340, 397–398, 401, 404, 414
reconstructions
4, 42, 109, 121n.44, 124, 166–168, 171, 187, 197n.90, 202, 236, 258, 261, 269, 295, 299, 300n.113, 302, 305, 323, 328, 349, 361, 416, 418
stages
3, 9, 11, 17, 35, 41, 88, 99n.136, 103, 109, 111–113, 120–121, 123, 124n.61, 125, 127–128, 132, 134–136, 137n.94 and 95, 148, 165n.72, 167, 179, 181, 187, 192, 194, 196–198, 202–203, 205, 207, 211, 214, 216, 223, 232, 240–242, 248, 250, 253–255, 258–263, 274n.36, 276–277, 279, 282n.61, 285, 287–288, 291, 295–296, 300–302, 312, 316n.20, 319, 322–323, 327–328, 339n.30 and 35, 348, 351, 357, 360n.113, 361n.121, 388, 390, 393, 397, 401, 404, 407, 418, 422
convent
(
monasteries
) 254, 284n.68, 285, 310–311
Copșa Mare (h. Nagykapus, g. Gross- Kopisch)
264, 291n.88
Copșa Mică (h. Kiskapus, g. Klein- Kopisch)
179, 264, 333
Târnăvioara (h. Kisekemező, g. Kleinprobsdorf)
264, 290, 291n.88, 333
Corrard, Saxon knight
192n.62, 340
Corvinești (h. Kékesújfalu, g. Neudorf)
264, 274
Coșeiu (h. Kusaly)
22, 264, 274–275, 285, 287
Cotormani (h. Kotormány)
69–71
counties (comitatus)
24, 27, 53, 55–61, 80, 83, 86, 89, 98, 124, 144, 417
Crăciunel (h. Karácsonfalva; g. Krötschendorf)
179, 196
craftsmen
208n.144, 268n.13, 386, 399, 406, 419, 422
Cricău (h. Boroskrakkó, g. Krakau)
34, 69, 102–103, 179, 192, 204, 207, 264, 282, 333, 346, 352, 360
Crîngaci Țiplic, Maria
39, 138n.104, 191n.58, 318
Criș, river system
1, 82, 95
Crișan, Ioan
39
Crişana
(
Partium
) 2, 5, 32, 52
Crișcior (h. Kristyor)
23, 375, 379, 383, 398, 406, 411–412
Cristian (h. Keresztényfalva, g. Neustadt)
5n.4, 179, 207n.137, 239, 244, 333, 346, 362, 364
Cristian-Großau (h. Kereszténysziget, g. Großau)
5n.4, 179, 200, 205n.130, 264, 333, 346n.59
Cristuru Secuiesc (h. Székelykeresztúr, g. Kreuz)
69, 98n.129, 179, 202, 264, 267
Croatia(n)
2, 45
crossing
163, 165, 170, 317, 320
crypts
132, 134n.87, 168n.82, 217n.161, 220, 227, 325, 399n.108, 400
Csaki, Michael
28
Csanád (Chanadinus), Hungarian leader
83
Cserni, Adalbert
142n.5, 147
Cuhea
,
see Bogdan Vodă
Cuman(s)
(
diocese of Cumania
) 63, 68, 79, 225, 227
Cumidava
(
Râșnov
) 44
Curciu (h. Küküllőkőrös, g. Kirtsch)
264, 283, 291n.88, 333, 366
Curinschi Vorona, Gheorghe
31
Curta, Florin
417
Cuzdrioara (h. Kozárvár)
179, 189
Dăbâca (h. Doboka, g. Dobeschdorf)
37, 39, 47, 51, 60n.79, 69–71, 73, 79n.53, 86–88, 90, 104, 106–107, 138, 155, 179, 187, 189, 375, 413, 419
Dacia (h. Garat, g. Stein)
264
Dacia(ns)
43–44, 68n.6, 140
Daia (Daia, h. Székelydálya)
5n.4, 38, 69, 100, 179, 187, 189, 197–199, 264, 280, 333, 362
Daia-Thalheim (Daia, h. Dolmány, g. Thalheim)
5n.4, 179, 205, 207–208, 333, 339
Daniel, Saxon knight
192n.62, 340
Danube, river
9, 43–44, 46, 49–51, 58, 62–63, 67, 70, 83, 106, 113, 114n.26, 117, 142n.6 and 7, 147, 150, 155, 172, 269n.18, 413, 424
Dârja (h. Magyarderzse)
179, 189
Dârjiu (h. Székelyderzs)
333, 338, 356, 364, 367
Dávid, Lászlo
30
Dealu Frumos (h. Lesses, g. Schönberg)
179, 205, 207–208, 264, 303, 333, 336, 348, 350, 352–354, 357, 366–367
Decebalus, Dacian king (87–106)
43
Dej (h. Dés, g. Burglos, Desch)
264, 266–267, 276, 278, 283, 333, 342
Delidushka
,
see Preslav
Demjén, Andrea
39
demolish(ment) / demolition
39, 42, 71n.20, 84n.75, 102, 109, 125, 128n.77, 131, 137n.95, 152, 154, 160–162, 167–168, 170, 194, 196n.85, 197, 200, 202, 206, 211, 214, 219, 222, 229, 232–233, 245n.34, 251–253, 258, 261, 274n.34, 279–280, 282–285, 287–289, 294, 300–301, 303, 309, 311, 318, 320–326, 328, 346n.61, 349n.75, 350–353, 357, 360n.112, 362–364, 367, 373, 381–382, 393n.86 and 87, 398, 401, 414, 417
dismantle(ment)
25, 87, 166, 168n.83, 203, 253, 284, 318, 322, 340, 399n.107
dendrochronology
229, 285n.72, 320, 349, 356n.99, 362n.123
Densuș (h. Demsus, g. Demsdorf)
22, 26, 34, 44, 69, 73–74, 90, 106–111, 117, 138, 156, 179, 375–376, 380–381, 383, 385, 406, 409–410, 413, 419
Dezna (h. Dézna)
375, 379–380, 398
diaconicon
107, 109, 413
(arch)dioceses (also as bishoprics, episcopates)
6, 58, 70, 75n.30, 76–77, 80–81, 86, 121, 150, 172
of Bihar(ia)
58–59, 81–82, 85
of Cenad
58–59, 61, 63, 81–82, 84, 93, 98
of Cumania
54n.59, 61, 182
of Eger
59, 61, 118
of Esztergom
8, 58, 60–61, 80, 125n.64, 182
of Feleacu
62n.99, 399, 404
of Kalocsa
75, 77, 80, 84, 139
of Nitra
80
of Oradea
58–59, 61, 63, 82, 85
of Passau
78
of Tourkia
62, 77, 139, 158
of Transylvania (Alba Iulia)
3, 6–8, 19, 31, 58–63, 79, 81, 86, 141–142, 144–145, 158, 160n.57, 161–162, 181, 419
of Zagreb
80
Dipșa (h. Dipse, g. Dürrbach)
264, 279
districts (districtus)
55–58, 392
Ditrău (h. Ditró, g. Dittersdorf)
179, 189
Dobârca (h. Doborka, g. Dobring)
333, 349, 352, 354, 367
Dobeni (h. Székelydobó, g. Dobendorf)
264, 279
Doboșeni (h. Székelyszáldobos)
179, 233
Dobre, knez
379
Dominican(s)
22, 32, 36, 80, 182, 222, 274, 278, 287, 302, 308–311
Domneşti
,
see Zolotarevo
Dorolțu (h. Nádasdaróc, g. Draas)
239, 251n.42
Drag, voivode of Maramureş
385
Dragoş (Drágfi), dynasty / noble house
385
Drăguț, Vasile
32, 243, 395n.88
Drăușeni (h. Homoróddaróc, g. Draas)
6, 21–22, 25, 34–35, 69, 96, 135, 138, 177, 179, 182, 188, 191–192, 200, 204, 205n.130, 207–208, 210–212, 239, 244, 261n.67, 264, 282, 333, 336, 346, 348, 350–352, 354, 357, 366–367, 421, 423
Dridu, archeological culture
50n.32
duchies/dukes
45, 47, 84, 86
Dumitra (h. Nagydemeter, g. Mettersdorf)
333, 338, 338n.20
Dumitrache, Marianne
34, 39, 136n.93, 137n.99, 211n.148
Dumitrașcu, Sever
85
earthen, architecture
52, 85–86, 88–89, 135, 192n.62, 230, 330, 333, 339, 342n.45, 356–357, 365n.136
Eastern (Christianity
;
Greek(s), Orthodox(y))
19, 59, 62, 67, 70, 75, 77, 79, 84, 90–91, 94n.116, 103–104, 106, 113–114, 117, 120, 158n.47, 161, 188, 375, 399, 404, 406, 414, 419
ecclesiastical
3, 6, 15, 17, 19–20, 24, 26, 29–30, 33, 36–39, 58, 60–62, 76n.32, 78, 80, 82–83, 86, 90, 91n.104, 95, 118, 131, 139–140, 144, 155, 157, 161–162, 172–173, 177, 183–184, 219, 243, 256, 268–269, 275, 304–306, 316, 330–331, 373, 407, 414, 416–417, 423
Eder, Heinreich
240
Eger (Hungary)
59, 61, 118, 243n.25
Eichhorn, Albert
299n.111
Emeric of Hungary (1196–1204)
240
emplecton
168
Emődi, Tamás
39
enclosures
22, 33, 54n.62, 87–88, 125, 135n.92, 136–137, 140–141, 195, 197n.91, 260, 262, 283, 292, 296, 307, 314, 326, 328, 331, 336–339, 344, 349, 355, 356n.99, 357–360, 361n.121, 362, 364, 365n.133, 366, 368, 409
Engel, Pál
43n.1
ensembles
22, 35, 134, 213, 240, 245n.33, 263n.70, 330–331, 361, 362n.123, 368
entrances
131, 167, 198, 208, 211, 223, 225, 229–230, 300, 313, 331, 339, 344, 349, 397, 411
door(way)s
109n.14, 123, 127, 134, 163–164, 196, 208, 225, 230, 288, 352, 386, 395, 397, 401, 411–412
gate(way)s
141, 195, 308, 313, 328, 336–338, 340, 356, 358, 360, 361n.121, 362n.123, 363–364
Entz, Géza
29, 146–147, 158, 243
eparchy
75, 93
episcopates
,
see dioceses
estates
24, 55, 58, 90, 114n.27, 232, 322, 380–381, 399
Esztergom (Hungary)
8, 58, 60–61, 80, 96n.127, 125n.64, 182
Eugene IV, pope (1431–1447)
307n.3, 343
exarchs
62n.99
Fabini, Hermann
15, 19, 30, 208, 307n.1, 342n.48, 348
fabric
42, 44, 73, 87, 123, 136, 152, 159, 163, 167–169, 189n.50, 192n.61, 196, 224, 230, 235, 237n.9, 274n.34, 291, 302, 313, 330, 354, 368, 373, 386, 407–409, 416, 418
Făgăraș (h. Fogaras, g. Fogarasch)
264, 268
Făgăraș, Land of
1, 56–57, 241, 377, 390
Feldioara (h. Földvár, g. Marienburg)
27, 51, 53–54, 179, 200, 204n.128, 205n.130, 207n.137, 217, 220–221, 239, 244–245, 251, 253–255, 260, 263–264, 267–268, 295, 333, 342–344, 346, 348, 357, 422
Feleacu (h. Erdőfelek)
62n.99, 264, 278, 375, 381, 399, 404–405, 407–408, 412
Feliceni (h. Felsőboldogfalva, g. Ober- Mariendorf)
34, 179, 198, 264, 279, 282n.61, 333, 349, 361n.121
Felnac (h. Fönlak, g. Fenlak)
179, 219n.169
Fenékpuszta
,
see Keszthely
find(ing)s, archeological
34, 50n.32, 68n.5, 70–71, 73, 80n.59, 94n.112, 123n.59, 135, 137–138, 140, 142, 153, 172, 198, 216, 219–220, 226, 230, 233–234, 241, 268n.15, 299, 324n.45, 381–383, 387n.61, 404n.117, 412–413, 422–423
Firea, Ciprian
32
Firtușu (h. Firtosváralja)
69, 123, 333, 341
Fischer, Emil
326n.59
Fișer (h. Sövénység, g. Schweischer)
333, 336
Fizeșu Gherlii (h. Ördöngösfüzes)
179, 189, 239, 251n.42
fortifications
(
enclosures, towers
) 3, 6, 9, 22, 43n.1, 47, 48n.24, 52, 54, 85–86, 88–89, 104, 122, 124–125, 127, 135, 140–141, 143, 183–184, 192n.62, 194, 202n.105, 203, 205–206, 211, 215, 219–220, 229–230, 231n.190, 232, 253–256, 262, 268, 274–275, 277, 282–283, 292, 303, 305, 307, 330, 331–369, 379, 389, 391, 395, 416–417, 423
barbicans
340, 356, 361n.121
castles
274, 288, 404
donjons (also as keeps)
135, 211n.149, 339–341, 344, 348, 360
fortified churches
9, 22, 136n.92, 203n.110, 269, 303, 331–369, 416
gate-towers
195, 308, 313, 328, 338, 340, 358, 360, 361n.121, 363, 364n.131
moats
230, 333, 341, 351, 356–357, 359, 362n.129, 364
palisades
230, 231n.190
ramparts
52, 86, 88, 192n.62, 230, 331, 333, 337, 339, 347, 360, 365n.136
reduit-churches
336, 350
stockades
230, 331
wards
331, 334, 339n.37, 340, 365
Zwinger
357, 362
found(ations)
7, 9, 37, 51, 56, 59–60, 77, 80–81, 84n.75, 90–91, 93–94, 95n.121, 103, 121, 123n.57, 124, 126, 135n.88, 155n.34, 163, 181, 182n.10, 189n.48, 200, 214, 237, 240–241, 244, 246n.37, 251, 255, 256n.51, 53 and 55, 274, 285, 288, 307, 309n.4 and 9, 313, 326, 339, 380n.39, 381–383, 387, 404, 406, 419
founders
113, 157, 163, 208n.144, 232, 380–383, 385, 406, 411
foundations, architecture
33, 36, 41, 86–88, 95n.124, 99n.136, 102, 110, 117, 120, 125n.66, 126–128, 130–132, 134–135, 136n.93, 137, 141, 146, 148, 152, 154, 159, 161, 163n.71, 166–169, 198, 207, 211, 213–214, 216, 223–224, 227, 230, 232–233, 240–242, 248, 250, 254, 258, 260, 278n.48, 279–280, 288, 293–294, 296n.100, 301, 302n.119, 318, 320, 322–324, 325n.50, 326, 329, 340, 361–362, 379n.28, 383, 388–389, 392, 395, 397–399, 403, 406–408, 412–413
France
52
Francisc Várday, bishop
163
Franciscan(s)
22–23, 33, 38, 80, 182, 189, 251, 254, 274, 283, 284n.68, 285–287, 308, 309n.9, 310–311, 382
friary
(
monasteries
) 254, 287, 308
Fritz-Lászay, Oskar
240
Frumușeni – Bizere Monastery (h. Szépfalu, g. Schöndorf)
69, 91, 94, 106, 121, 125–126, 179, 188
Gaan, son of Alard, Saxon leader
170
Gaiu, Corneliu
39
Galați (h. Galac, g. Galatz)
375, 395, 397
Galda de Jos (h. Alsógáld, g. Unter- Hahnenberg)
375, 380, 410
Gáll, Erwin
86n.87, 88, 124n.61
galleries
81, 117, 120, 128, 187, 192n.62, 199–200, 223, 331, 333, 341, 344, 346, 349–350, 352, 356, 361–362, 380
Gârbova, estate
24
Gârbova (h. Szászorbó, g. Urwegen)
34, 69, 91, 179, 184, 204, 333, 339
Gârbova de Jos (h. Alsóorbó, g. Unterurbau)
24, 179, 189
Gârbova de Sus (h. Felsőorbó, g. Orbau, g. Oberurbau)
24, 333, 375, 380, 413–414
Gârbovița (h. Középorbó, g. Kleinurbau)
24, 375, 380, 388
Gelu, voivode in Transylvania
45, 47, 86
Geoagiu (h. Algyógyalfalu, g. Gergersdorf)
69, 90, 105, 122, 179, 217, 219–222, 224, 227–229
German(ic)(s)
(
Saxon(s)
) 5, 20, 22, 52–54, 60, 81, 96, 98, 102, 182, 199, 202n.105, 207, 214, 219, 232, 253n.46, 260, 266, 298, 307, 325, 343, 419
historiography
25n.8, 26, 29, 42,
Gesta Hungarorum
46n.18, 47n.21
Géza II of Hungary (1141–1162)
52, 60, 137
Géza, Hungarian grand prince (972–997)
78–80
Ghelința (h. Gelence, g. Gälänts)
179, 196, 264, 282n.62
Gheorghieni (h. Gyergyószentmiklós, g. Niklasmarkt)
179, 198, 233–234, 264, 282
Ghidfalău (h. Gidófalva)
179, 195, 197, 333, 361n.121 and 122
Ghimbav (h. Vidombák, g. Weidenbach)
179, 239, 244, 333, 346, 362
Gilău (h. Gyalu, g. Julmarkt)
47, 60n.79, 179
Giulești (h. Máragyulafalva)
25, 375, 377–378, 381, 389–392, 406–408, 412–413
Glad, duke of Morisena
45, 47
Glasgow (Scotland)
172n.91
Gothic, style
4, 7–9, 17, 19–22, 25, 31–32, 38, 87, 104, 134n.87, 139, 159, 163, 167–170, 172–173, 179, 181, 185–188, 191n.60, 193–196, 197n.86 and 91, 198–200, 202–204, 208, 211, 216, 219–220, 223, 233, 235, 236–306, 309–311, 313, 316, 320–324, 326, 330–331, 336, 338, 343, 346n.61, 349–350, 352, 354, 356, 361, 363, 365n.136, 366, 369, 380–381, 385, 387, 395, 399–400, 401n.112, 403–404, 407, 411–412, 415–416, 418, 420, 422, 424
Graditsch, Otto
299n.111
grave (burial) goods
11, 70, 103, 109, 125, 177, 191, 379n.28, 397, 402
graves
(
burials, cists, grave goods
) 11, 38, 41, 70, 76n.34, 78n.45, 88, 98n.132, 99–103, 114, 117, 125n.66, 127, 131, 135, 137–138, 153–154, 160–161, 166, 168n.84, 177n.3, 180, 197, 221n.175, 227, 232, 248, 278n.48, 295, 302n.118, 316, 318, 322–323, 328–329, 361n.119, 366, 383, 392n.81, 393, 397, 400–401, 403, 408, 420
anthropomorphic
160n.60, 177, 180, 214, 357
graveyards
(
cemeteries; cf. burial grounds
) 33, 50, 86, 89, 98–99, 130, 137n.99, 154, 158, 160–161, 177, 183, 191, 197, 210, 235, 316, 325, 366, 385, 397, 404, 423
greaves
91, 137, 221, 339
Greceanu, Eugenia
31–32
Greek(s)
(
Eastern (Christianity), Orthodox(y)
) 7, 62, 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 93, 103, 113n.26, 126n.69, 147, 157–158, 172
cross
109
cross, layout
17, 19, 77, 82, 106, 109, 111, 154–155, 161–162, 172, 419
Gromo, Giovan Andrea
27, 254
ground
25, 98, 132, 148, 286, 296, 301–302, 342n.48, 385, 390, 408
floor
118, 283, 346, 349, 350n.81, 354n.97, 392
levels
17, 36, 166, 168, 170, 211, 224, 230, 237, 242n.23, 321, 344, 367, 412
plans
(
layouts
) 19, 50, 88–89, 108–110, 111n.17, 113–115, 117, 123, 127–128, 132, 137, 147, 186, 188, 202, 205, 215, 219, 222, 233, 243, 245, 248, 258, 260, 262, 276–277, 291, 295, 297, 299, 300n.113, 301–302, 312–313, 327–328, 348n.68, 350, 356, 362n.125, 386, 388, 392, 395, 403n.115, 404n.117, 407, 415, 419
underground
11, 109, 132, 135, 140, 168n.84, 224, 301, 330
Grynaeus, András
39
Gündisch, Konrad
43n.1
Gurasada (h. Guraszáda)
23–24, 26, 34–35, 69, 73, 90, 104, 106–107, 111–112, 138, 179, 232n.193, 375, 380–381, 413, 419
Gușterița
,
see Sibiu
Gusu (h. Kisludas, g. Giesshübel)
264, 279
Győr (Hungary)
162
Györffy, György
30, 103
Gyula (the Elder), Hungarian prince
50, 76–77, 79, 142, 150, 157–158
Gyula (the Younger), Hungarian prince
50, 79, 158
Hălchiu (h. Höltövény, g. Heldsdorf)
179, 239, 244, 333, 346, 348, 362
hall-churches
19, 275–276, 295–304, 311, 313, 322–323, 354
Hălmagiu (h. Nagyhalmágy)
23, 375, 379, 398–400, 412–413
Hălmeag (h. Halmágy, g. Halmagen)
51, 179, 200, 207, 239, 244, 246–249, 260, 262, 422
Hamba (h. Kakasfalva, g. Hahnenbach)
179, 203
Harhoiu, Radu
43n.1
Hărman (h. Szászhermány, g. Honigberg)
34, 179, 204–205, 209, 239, 244–245, 247–248, 250, 263, 333, 337, 339, 346–347, 354–355, 361, 364–367, 422–423
Hârseni (h. Herszény)
375, 377n.22
Hațeg (h. Hátszeg, g. Wallenthal)
33, 58, 62, 255, 264, 284, 375
Hațeg, region
1, 22, 36–37, 56–58, 90, 274, 373, 375–376, 379–380, 386, 390, 392, 394, 406, 408, 410
Heitel, Radu
34, 39, 49, 122n.54, 142n.6, 146–147, 150, 158–159, 160n.60, 165n.73 and 74, 258n.57, 260, 339n.33, 348n.68, 380n.36, 413
Heitel, Suzana Móré
31, 33, 82n.68, 84, 114n.26, 118, 126, 156n.41, 202
Henszlmann, Imre
25, 84n.75
Herina (h. Harina, g. Mönchsdorf)
69–71, 94, 122, 179, 186, 200
Hierotheos, bishop of Tourkia
50, 62, 71, 76, 77n.38, 109, 147, 150, 157–158, 419
Holy Cross
308
Holy Roman Empire
78
Holy Table
254, 397, 406, 409, 412–413
Homorod (h. Homoród, g. Hamruden)
179, 191, 193, 333, 336, 354
Horedt, Kurt
43n.1, 48n.24, 49, 125, 142, 147
Horwath, Walter
28–29, 208, 299n.111, 300n.113
Hosman (h. Holcmány, g. Holzmengen)
179, 203, 205n.130, 207n.137, 208n.144, 239, 244n.29, 333, 352
hospitals
272, 308, 311, 313
hospites
(
German(s), Saxon(s)
) 7, 52, 91, 102, 135, 139, 183, 191, 202, 260, 266, 420–421
Hruševo (Ukraine) – Peri monastery
62, 385, 389
Hudusmonostura
91
Huedin (h. Bánffyhunyad, g. Heynod)
264, 269, 278, 283, 333, 342
Hunedoara (h. Vajdahunyad, g. Eisenmarkt)
51, 264, 274, 375, 387–388, 404, 406n.121, 410, 414
Hungarian(s) (also as Magyar(s))
3, 5–7, 19, 24, 45–52, 54–55, 58, 62–63, 67–68, 75–80, 82–83, 86, 96, 98–99, 103–104, 114, 122, 130, 139n.105, 142, 144, 147, 157–158, 172n.91, 183, 200, 214, 235, 245n.34, 246n.37, 272, 274n.34, 333, 416, 419–420
historiography
26, 29–31, 33, 42, 44n.4, 46n.18, 47n.19 and 21, 55n.64, 86n.89, 189n.48
kingdom
6, 29, 45, 49n.26, 77, 93n.108, 113, 150, 172–173, 181, 183n.16, 216, 236n.1, 244n.32, 306
Hungary
5, 27, 38, 57, 67n.1, 82, 95, 173, 233n.202, 266, 424
in its historical definition
1–2, 4, 11, 30, 43n.1, 45, 48, 54, 56–57, 62–63, 78–80, 91n.101, 114, 145, 156n.41, 157, 165n.73, 172n.91, 183, 185, 232, 236n.1, 245, 264, 278n.45, 296, 385, 419
Iacobeni (h. Jakabfalva, g. Jakobsdorf)
264
Iambor, Petru
34, 39, 43n.1, 85, 88
Iara (h. Alsójára)
239, 251n.42
iconostasis
(
templon
) 88, 386, 395–396, 412–413, 415
Iermata Neagră (h. Feketegyarmat)
179, 188
Ighișu Nou (h. Szászivánfalva, g. Sächsisch- Eibesdorf)
264, 276
Igriș (h. Egres, g. Egresch)
69, 80n.61, 95, 123, 179, 236n.1, 239
Ilieni (h. Illyefalva, g. Eliasdorf)
333, 338, 364
Ineu (h. Borosjenő) – Dienesmonostora
69, 93–94, 179, 202
Innocent III, pope (1198–1216)
75, 93
interdisciplinary studies
11, 17, 27, 114, 168n.83, 336, 368, 414
Ionescu, Grigore
31
Ioniță, Adrian
295n.95, 348n.64
Iorga, Nicolae
29, 31
Italian
185, 266
Italy
52, 185
Ják (Hungary)
185, 233n.202
Jekelius, Erich
29
Jelna (h. Kiszsolna, g. Senndorf)
25, 333, 338
Jenei, Dana
32, 251
Joachim, count of Sibiu
227
Johannes de Rozenaw, painter
313
Johannes de Saint-Dié, master mason
170
Johannes Latinus, Saxon potentate
192n.62, 340
John Hunyadi, regent of Hungary (1446–1453), voivode of Transylvania
274n.36
John, bishop of Tourkia
77n.42 (as Ioannu Tourkias) 158n.47
József, Sebestyén
299n.111
Kalocsa (Hungary)
75, 77, 80, 84, 121n.45, 139, 243n.25
Kaposvár (Hungary) – Zselicszentjakab
76, 139n.105, 156n.41, 172n.91
Kenezmonostor
91
Keszthely (Hungary) – Fenékpuszta
75, 139
Kimakowitz, Moritz von
34, 316, 322, 324n.45
knez(at)es
47, 57–58, 75, 90, 107n.10, 256n.51, 376–377, 379–380, 387, 389n.70, 393, 411
Knights Hospitaller
58, 95
Köpeczi, Béla
43n.1
Kornis, noble house
274
Košice (Slovakia)
276, 298
Kristó, Gyula
157
Kühlbrandt, Ernst
28
Ladislaus I of Hungary (1077–1095)
(
St Ladislaus of Hungary
) 58, 78–80, 85, 88, 98, 121, 124, 160, 296
Ladislaus Kán, voivode of Transylvania
55
Lagoudera (Cyprus)
117n.35
Lands (Terrae)
(
Bârsa, Făgăraș, Hațeg, Maramureș, Szeklers
) 1, 22, 26n.8, 27, 29–30, 51–54, 56–58, 60, 90, 96, 181–182, 239, 241, 244, 245n.34, 272, 274, 337, 341, 346, 349, 361, 364, 375, 377, 379, 386, 390, 392, 394, 408, 410, 417
landscape
1, 3, 6–7, 9, 11, 21–22, 30, 33, 38, 44, 55, 63, 65, 76n.32, 80–81, 91, 93, 138–139, 173, 177, 183, 199, 217n.156, 220, 234, 237n.9, 263, 272, 275, 302, 306, 313, 330–331, 350, 357, 369, 389, 404, 409, 414, 416–418, 420, 422–424
Laslea (h. Szászszentlászló, g. Gross-Lasseln)
179, 205n.131, 207n.138, 264, 291n.88
Latin(s)
(
Catholic(ism), Western (Christianity)
) 7, 19, 43–44, 46, 48, 54, 58–59, 62, 70, 78, 82, 85, 87, 93, 95, 103–104, 113, 149, 162, 172–173, 420
layout, architecture
(
ground plans
) 17, 19, 22, 73, 106, 109, 111, 113, 119, 128, 135, 138, 145, 155, 162n.67, 163, 168, 172, 187, 191–192, 199, 202, 211, 213, 219, 222, 224, 245, 274, 278, 288, 290–291, 294–295, 301, 302n.118, 313, 318, 323, 346, 356, 386–387, 389, 399, 419, 421, 423
Lechfeld (Germany)
46, 78
Lechința (h. Szászlekence, g. Lechnitz)
264, 268, 333, 338
Leliceni (h. Csíkszentlélek)
179, 194
Lemnia (h. Lemhény; g. Lennen)
264, 282n.61
Leonhardt, Kurt
213n.150
Leonhardus, bronze caster
314
Leșnic (h. Lesnyek, g. Wachtdorf)
23, 375, 379, 381, 392, 395
Léstyán, Ferenc
31
Lieduinus, bishop of Bihar
85
lime
88, 110, 131, 152, 229–230, 366, 399, 409
kilns / ovens
154n.32, 316, 325, 351, 366
limestone
87–88, 152
List of Historical Monuments of Romania, oficial document
15
Litovoi, voivode of Lytua
58
Livada Mică (h. Sárközújlak)
264
Lombard, style
29
Louis I of Hungary (1342–1382)
266, 298, 402
Luncani (h. Aranyosgerend, g. Neusatz)
179, 196, 239, 251n.42
Lukács, Antal
37, 39
Lupescu, Radu
296n.101
Lupșa (h. Nagylupsa, g. Wolfsdorf)
15, 23, 264, 278, 375, 379, 381–383, 399, 401, 404, 406, 408, 410–414
Macedonia(n)
111n.17
Machat, Christoph
30
Magister Akus
137n.98
Magister Goccelinus
215
Magyar(s)
,
see Hungarian(s)
Maiad (h. Nyomát)
179, 187, 196
Mălăiești (h. Malajesd, g. Mühlenbach)
375, 379, 381, 394–395, 413
Mălâncrav (h. Almakerék, g. Malmkrog)
264, 276
Mănăstirea (h. Szentbenedek)
264, 274, 375, 414
Mănăstireni (h. Magyargyerőmonostor, g. Ungarisch-Klosterdorf)
69, 94, 179, 190
Manuel I, Byzantine emperor (1143–1180)
87
Mara, Knezate of
389n.70
Maramureș, region
(
Zakarpattia
) 2, 5, 26n.10, 32, 37, 56–59, 62n.99, 376, 379, 385, 389
Marcu Istrate, Daniela
39, 60n.78, 211n.148, 318n.30, 348n.64, 365n.136
Mărginean, Florin
39
Márki, Sándor
27
Marta, Doru
39
Mărtiniș (h. Homoródszentmárton)
333, 338, 361, 363–364
masonry
3, 41, 88, 96, 106, 110, 114, 117, 125n.66, 137n.94, 148, 152, 159, 161, 166, 184, 191, 197, 211, 213–214, 220, 222, 224, 229, 242, 256, 263, 288, 301, 318, 323, 349, 352, 375–376, 393n.83, 399–400, 412–413, 419
(stone)masons
95, 170, 173, 268, 276, 298
Matei (h. Szentmáté, g. Mathesdorf)
239, 251n.42, 264, 274
Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490)
245n.33
mausoleum
295
Mediaș (h. Medgyes, g. Mediasch)
21, 34, 179, 182, 192, 204, 264, 267, 269, 274, 276, 301, 304–306, 333, 342, 344, 360, 422
Menumorut, duke of Bihar
45, 47, 85–86
Mercheașa (h. Mirkvásár, g. Streitforth)
179, 205n.130, 333, 352
Mercurius, princeps ultrasilvanus
55
Merești (h. Homoródalmás, g. Almesch)
179, 196
Merghindeal (h. Morgonda, g. Mergeln)
179, 205n.130, 207, 333, 336, 350, 352
Meșendorf (h. Mese, g. Meschendorf)
264, 276–277, 279, 333, 336
Meseș
,
see Moigrad-Porolissum
Meseșenii de Jos (h. Magyarkecel)
264, 279
metropolitan(ate)
62, 75, 77, 139, 158n.47, 381
Miercurea Ciuc – Șumuleu Ciuc (h. Csíkszereda – Csíksomlyó, g. Szeklerburg)
38, 179, 194, 264
Miercurea Sibiului (h. Szerdahely, g. Reußmarkt)
179, 205n.130, 333
migrations
1, 44, 63, 68, 140n.3, 225, 421
Mihăileni (h. Csíkszentmihály)
179, 194, 333
Mircea I of Wallachia (1386–1418)
269, 381, 403n.115
Misentea (h. Csíkmindszent)
179, 264, 280
mission(arie)s
60, 68, 70, 75n.32, 76–80, 109, 147, 157–158, 182, 202n.105, 419
Möckesch, Samuel
28, 315n.20, 325n.52, 326n.55 and 58
Modra (Slovakia)
139n.105, 156
Moga, Ioan
399n.107
Moigrad-Porolissum (h. Mojgrád, g. Mayroth) – Meseş
69, 93–94
Moise of Wallachia (1529–1530)
387n.60
Moisescu, Cristian
31
Moldavia(n)
57, 380–381
Moldovenești (h. Várfalva, g. Burgdorf)
51, 69, 98, 123, 264, 266
Möller, István
27, 165n.73
monasteries
(
convent, friary, nunnery
) 5n.4, 7–8, 22–23, 32–33, 36, 38, 59, 62, 69, 73, 78, 80–85, 90–91, 93–95, 104, 106, 113n.26, 120–121, 123–126, 128, 158, 179, 181, 182n.10, 183, 185–186, 188–189, 200–201, 202n.104 and 105, 215–216, 222, 233, 235–237, 239–242, 244–245, 251, 253, 261–264, 269, 272, 274–275, 285–286, 288–289, 302, 306, 308–311, 375, 377, 381–383, 385, 387–390, 416, 420, 422
Monasterium Kenez
106
Mongol(s)
22, 53, 54n.59, 89, 91, 94, 99, 125, 165–166, 170, 181, 183–185, 196, 202n.105, 211, 216, 221, 232, 241, 251, 263n.70, 264, 309n.8 and 9, 339, 341, 346, 360n.113, 368, 421
Moravia(ns)
3, 46, 73, 75n.32, 76, 106, 139n.105
Morești – Citfalău (h. Malomfalva, g. Mühlendorf)
69
Morisena
,
see Cenad
mortar
88, 110, 125, 131, 152, 160n.54, 166, 191, 198, 211, 224, 230, 232, 248, 318, 320, 366, 397, 399, 407, 409, 413
Mosaburg
,
see Zalavár
Moșna (h. Muzsna, g. Meschen)
179, 204, 207, 264, 267, 275, 283, 295, 304, 333–334, 336, 366
Motiș (h. Martontelke, g. Märtesdorf)
264, 279
Motzoi-Chicideanu, Ion
35
Movile (h. Százhalom, g. Hundertbücheln)
333, 336
Mugeni (h. Bögöz, g. Begesen)
264, 279, 282
Müller, Friedrich
27
Müller, Heinrich
28
murals (also as frescoes, paintings)
17, 23, 25, 114, 147–148, 191, 197n.91, 198, 214, 233, 256, 275n.38, 276, 280, 286, 313, 317, 325, 349, 365n.136, 376n.5, 9 and 12, 379n.31, 380, 386, 392n.81, 393, 395, 396n.96, 397–398, 400, 401n.112, 412, 415, 418
inscriptions
382, 396n.96, 402n.113
Mureş, river
1, 32, 45, 47, 48n.24, 49–50, 58, 73, 82, 90n.98, 91, 114n.27, 126, 140, 144, 183, 202
Murfatlar
72n.22
Mușana, noble house
107n.10
Muslims
269, 304
Nădlac (h. Nagylak, g. Nadlak)
69, 106
Nălațvad (h. Nalácvád, g. Schiffenschütz)
375, 394–395, 397, 412–413
Napoca
(
Cluj-Napoca
) 44
narthexes
71n.20, 88, 106–107, 111–113, 155, 217n.161, 313, 323, 381, 386–387, 389, 391–392, 393n.87, 401, 403–404, 413–415
National Archaeological Repertoire of Romania, official database
15
naves
81, 87–88, 102–103, 107, 109, 111, 114–115, 117, 127–128, 135–136, 137n.95, 148, 152, 154–155, 159, 170–171, 187–189, 191–192, 196–197, 199n.93, 200, 202, 205, 207, 211, 213–214, 221–225, 227, 229, 232, 235, 237, 246, 248, 254, 256, 262, 276, 278–281, 283–288, 290, 294, 297, 299–304, 311, 313, 317–318, 320, 323–326, 333, 338, 344–346, 349, 354, 362n.125, 366, 381, 386–387, 389, 391–393, 395–399, 401–404, 407–408, 410–414
Netherlands
52
Netuș (h. Netus, g. Neidhausen)
333
Nicolești (h. Káposztásszentmiklós)
69, 100, 179, 187n.35, 194, 333
Niedermaier, Paul
30
Nima (h. Néma)
179, 189, 239, 251n.42, 264, 274
Nireș (h. Nyíres, g. Nieresch)
179, 189, 239, 251n.42, 264, 274
Nitra (Slovakia)
80
Nocrich (h. Újegyház, g. Leschkirch)
60, 179, 205n.131, 207n.138
Nou Săsesc (h. Apaújfalu, g. Sächsisch- Neudorf)
179, 207
Nucșoara (h. Nuksora, g. Nusswald)
179, 187n.35, 375, 380, 390–391, 407–408, 410–411
nunnery
(
monasteries
) 94, 245, 251–253, 308, 309n.9
Nuremberg (Germany)
276, 299n.108
Nyárádi, Zsolt
39
Ocna (Ocna de Jos, Ocna de Sus, h. Felsősófalva, Alsósófalva)
179, 196
Ocna Dejului (h. Désakna, g. Salzdorf)
264, 266
Ocna Sibiului (h. Vizakna, g. Salzburg)
21, 69, 170, 179, 205, 207–208, 264, 268, 333
Odorheiu Secuiesc (h. Székelyudvarhely, g. Odorhallen, Hofmarkt)
179, 218, 233, 264, 288
Ohrid (North Macedonia)
113
Olt, river
1, 50–51, 246n.37, 307, 338
Oprescu, George
30, 333
Oradea (h. Nagyvárad, g. Grosswardein)
36, 52, 58–59, 61, 69, 82, 85, 93–94, 121, 179, 189, 264, 267, 269, 272, 295–296
Orăștie (h. Szászváros, g. Broos)
21, 36, 38, 52, 69, 73n.27, 91, 122, 179, 204, 217, 219–222, 224–225, 227, 229, 231–232, 235, 264, 267–268, 302, 333, 339, 356, 360, 366
Orbán, Balázs
27
Order of the Holy Ghost
308, 313
Orman (h. Ormány, g. Armeniendorf)
239, 251n.42, 264, 274
Oroszlámos (Banatsko Aranđelovo, Serbia)
83
Orthodox(y)
(
Eastern (Christianity), Greek(s)
) 5, 9, 12, 17, 45, 55, 58, 62, 70–72, 75n.30, 78, 82–83, 88, 90–91, 93–94, 105, 113, 225, 256, 274, 416, 420
architecture
5–6, 9, 17, 19, 22–26, 36–37, 73–74, 106, 108, 112, 114n.27, 115, 117–118, 138–139, 187n.35, 227n.182, 243, 256n.51, 257, 274, 277–278, 284n.68, 290, 335, 339, 369, 371–415, 423–424
ossuary
219, 230, 364, 366–367
Ostrov (Ostrovu Mare, h. Nagyosztró, g. Gross-Rodendorf)
23, 62, 375–376, 392, 394–395, 398, 407, 409–411
Ottoman(s)
84, 85n.79, 89n.98, 94n.113, 118, 244n.33, 269, 307n.3, 309, 341–343, 368
Ottonian, style
185
Pagan(s)
63, 75, 78–79, 82, 99, 103, 107, 225, 227, 269, 304, 419
palaces
36, 126, 141, 143, 155n.34, 156, 165, 296n.100
Pâncota (h. Pankota, g. Pankota)
33, 59, 69, 73, 91–92, 94, 104, 106–107, 118–119, 138, 155, 179, 419, 421
Pannonhalma (Hungary)
80, 243n.25
Pannonia(n)
46, 63, 75–76, 139n.105, 142, 185
Panticeu (h. Páncélcseh)
264, 268
papacy
3, 54, 60–61, 245n.34
Pápoc (Hungary)
233n.202
Papp, Szilárd
168n.83
Parhida (h. Pelbárthida)
179, 188
parishes
3, 8, 25, 34, 52, 60–61, 84n.75, 85n.79, 90, 96, 101–102, 137, 138n.104, 180, 183, 191–193, 200, 214, 215n.152, 219–222, 225, 227, 229–230, 245n.33, 251–254, 260–262, 269–270, 272, 275, 278, 283, 291, 294–295, 298, 301–304, 308–311, 313–314, 316–317, 319, 321, 323–324, 325n.50, 326, 328–329, 342, 344, 359–360, 376n.6, 380–382, 404
Parler, school of architecture
276
Paroș (h. Páros)
375, 387–388
Partium
(
Crişana
) 27
Pascu, Ștefan
43n.1
Passau (Germany)
78
pastophoria
106, 117, 386, 392, 413
Pásztó (Hungary)
80n.61, 236n.1
Patriarch(y/ate)
3, 62n.99, 70, 77, 158n.47
Păuca (h. Pókafalva, g. Törnen)
22, 179, 264, 274n.34
Paulinians
22, 80, 274
pavements
36, 117, 145, 153, 166–168, 224, 230, 397, 410, 412
Pecheneg(s)
63, 225, 227
Pecica (h. Ópécska, g. Alt-Petschka)
69, 73, 91m.102, 106
Pelișor (h. Magaré, g. Magarey)
179, 217–222, 224–225
Peri
,
see Hruševo
Pest
,
see Budapest
Peșteana (h. Nagypestény)
69, 73, 104, 106–107, 114, 117–118, 138, 375–376, 410, 413, 419
Peteni (h. Székelypetőfalva, g. Petersdorf)
69, 99
Petrești (h. Péterfalva, g. Petersdorf)
333
Petriceni (h. Kézdikővár)
179
Petriș (h. Petres, g. Petersdorf-Bistritz)
179
Peter of Ostrov, archpriest
62, 392
Pianu de Jos (h. Alsópián, g. Deutsch-Pien)
179, 207n.138
Pilisszentkereszt (Hungary)
80n.61, 236n.1, 244n.31
Pinter, Zeno
39, 217, 324–325
Pișcolt (h. Piskolt)
179, 278n.45
Pliska (Bulgaria)
113, 120, 155–156
Polonița (h. Székelylengyelfalva)
179, 196
Poor Clares
310–311, 311n.16
Popa, Corina
32
Popa, Radu
26, 34–35, 37, 39, 106, 113, 117, 295n.95, 376n.7, 382, 385, 389, 392n.79, 397
popes
46, 54, 60, 70, 75, 78, 93, 181, 307n.3, 343
porches
127, 163, 222, 232, 273, 283, 300, 302, 313, 317, 323, 334, 350, 401, 411
Porolissum
(
Moigrad-Porolissum
) 44, 68n.5
portals
4, 41, 118, 163, 170, 189n.50, 203, 208, 210, 214–215, 216n.153, 223, 225, 229, 237, 241n.22, 244n.29, 250, 256, 276, 278, 298n.104, 301, 313, 323, 399, 409, 411–412, 418
Porumbenii Mari (h. Nagygalambfalva)
179, 217, 219n.169, 264, 282n.61
Pósta, Béla
146, 165n.73
Potaissa
(
Turda
) 44, 68n.5, 69
Prague (Czech Republic)
276
Prejmer (h. Prázsmár, g. Tartlau)
19, 34, 39, 69, 132n.86, 179, 184, 239, 244–245, 256, 259–263, 313, 333, 337, 357–358, 367, 422
Premonstratensians
12, 80, 94, 182, 251, 253, 309
Preslav (now Veliki Preslav, Bulgaria)
117n.34, 120, 139n.105
Avradaka
155
Delidushka
117n.34
Pribina, prince of Nitra
80n.57
priests
61n.91, 62, 78–79, 84n.75, 266, 376, 393, 411
princes
47, 50, 55, 76–79, 80n.57, 104, 142, 158, 225, 269, 296n.100, 381, 386
Prislop
,
see Silvașu de Sus
prothesis
413
provostships
8, 60–61, 85, 89, 96, 307, 309, 322, 325–326, 328
Pușcașu, Nicolae N.
34
Răchitova (h. Reketyefalva, g. Weidendorf)
375, 379, 394–397
Racu (h. Csíkrákos)
179, 333, 338, 349
Rácz, Károly
27
radiocarbon dating (C14)
54n.62, 76n.34, 189n.47, 194, 229
Râmeț
,
see Valea Mănăstirii
Rășinari (h. Resinár, g. Städterdorf)
375, 380
Râșnov (h. Barcarozsnyó, g. Rosenau)
375, 381, 399, 402
Râșnov-Șchei (Dobrice, g. Belgerei)
402, 404, 407
Râu Alb (h. Fehérvíz, g. Weisswasser)
375, 393, 397, 411
Râu Bărbat (h. Borbátvíz, g. Schnellbach)
373n.1, 375
Râu de Mori (h. Malomvíz, g. Mühldorf)
256, 375–376, 394, 409
Războieni-Cetate (h. Székelyföldvár, g. Kaltherberg)
34
Recea (h. Vajdarécse; g. Waywodretschen)
375, 377n.22
Reciu (h. Szebenrécse, g. Rätsch)
179, 189
reconstructions, archaeological / historical
30, 33, 36, 38, 46, 61n.91, 90, 120, 126, 131–132, 134, 142n.5, 156, 196n.77, 204, 213, 216, 223, 231, 237, 255, 259, 269, 278n.44 and 46, 279n.53, 280, 285n.73, 286–288, 291, 296n.100, 300n.113, 306, 311, 313, 318–319, 323, 325, 329–330, 339n.30, 359n.106, 360n.109 and 113, 363, 368, 373, 384, 393, 396, 417, 420
Reformation
11, 17, 137n.99, 306, 316, 416
Reghin (h. Szászrégen, g. Sächsisch-Reen)
264, 267, 275, 291, 333, 342
regnum
47n.21, 55
Reissenberger, Ludwig
28, 315n.20
relics
406
reliquaries
86n.87
Remeți (h. Pálosremete)
264
Renaissance, style
9, 42, 163, 203, 385, 416
reports, archaeological
11, 33–34, 39, 72n.22, 89n.97, 114n.30, 125, 142n.5, 152n.25, 156n.41, 165n.74, 196, 216, 220, 233, 241–242, 248, 253, 258n.57, 260, 285n.73, 335n.4, 380, 385, 387n.61, 388, 413
residences
80n.57, 81–82, 85–86, 90, 104–105, 122, 127, 135, 137, 142, 145, 149, 161n.61, 177, 183, 192, 221, 225, 262, 266, 268, 274, 336, 338–339, 341, 343–344, 365n.136, 376n.6 and 7, 377, 379–380, 393, 399
as courts
48, 53, 76n.34, 147, 225, 243n.25, 274, 379, 382, 398
restore/-ations
12, 20, 25, 27, 29, 33–36, 38, 42, 71, 107, 111, 114, 118, 142n.5, 160, 163n.72, 165n.73, 166, 170, 192n.62, 197, 200, 211n.148, 216, 220, 229–230, 232–233, 235, 248n.40, 253, 255n.50, 258, 260, 274n.36, 278–279, 288, 291n.90, 296n.100, 297, 298n.107, 300n.113, 304–305, 316–318, 324, 339n.36, 373, 392n.81, 393n.82, 396n.96, 414, 416, 418
Reteag (h. Retteg, g. Reckenbeck)
264, 268
Reycherstorffer, Georgius
27
Rhenish area
260
Ribița (h. Ribice, g. Kellerdorf)
23, 375, 379, 382–383, 398, 411–412
Richiș (h. Riomfalva, g. Reichesdorf)
264, 275–276, 290
Roadeș (h. Rádos, g. Radeln)
333, 336, 349
Robert de Molesmes, monk
236n.1
Rodbav (h. Nádpatak, g. Rohrbach)
34, 69, 122, 179, 207n.137, 333, 336, 348, 362
Rodna (h. Óradna, g. Alt-Rodna)
53, 179, 183, 239, 243–244, 263, 333, 338
Rodwell, Warwick
417
Roger, monk
165, 183, 202n.105, 341
Roman(s)
43–44, 63, 68, 70, 75n.32, 84n.75, 140–141, 152–153, 156n.40, 157n.45, 160n.54, 419
fortifications (incl. castra)
43–44, 48, 50, 68, 140–144, 148, 152n.25, 154, 158, 163, 172
spolia (incl. ruins, bricks, tegulae)
71–74, 107, 110, 141–142, 147–148, 152, 159, 224, 229, 397, 406, 408–411, 413
Roman-Catholic
,
see Catholic(ism)
Romance, languages
7, 26, 44, 70, 416
Romanesque, style
4, 6–7, 17, 19–21, 27, 29, 31–32, 38, 53–54, 63, 73, 82, 90, 95n.122, 102, 104–106, 113, 118, 120–122, 125n.66, 127, 135, 138–139, 145, 159, 161–163, 167–168, 170–173, 179, 181, 183, 185–188, 189n.46 and 50, 191n.60, 193, 196, 199–200, 202–204, 206, 208n.142 and 144, 210–216, 232–233, 235–236, 241, 243, 245–246, 256, 258, 269, 275, 277–283, 290–291, 293–295, 298, 301–303, 305, 309, 316, 318–321, 323, 326, 331, 336, 341, 343–354, 357n.103, 359, 361, 363, 365n.134, 367, 369, 384–385, 387, 395, 411–412, 416, 420–422, 424
Romania(ns)
1–2, 4–5, 15, 19, 22, 24, 26–27, 34, 37, 44, 56–58, 82, 85, 96, 111n.17, 227, 377, 380n.39, 382, 392, 402, 414, 416
historiography
2, 25n.8, 26, 29–32, 44n.4, 47n.19 and 21, 50n.32, 55n.64, 86n.89
Romanize(d)
43–44, 68, 70
Rome (Italy)
75n.30, 76, 173
Rómer, Flóris
27
Romos (h. Romosz, g. Rumessdorf)
179, 205n.131, 207
rood screens
288–289, 301, 320, 324
roofs
132, 170n.89, 224, 229, 233, 246, 248, 285n.72, 288, 301, 318, 320n.32, 322–323, 356n.99, 398, 410
Roșcani (h. Roskány)
375, 379, 398
Roșia (h. Veresmart, g. Rothberg)
179, 205, 207–208
Rotbav (h. Szászveresmart, g. Rothbach)
333, 349n.71
Roth, Harald
43n.1
Roth, Victor
28–29, 240
Rugănești (h. Rugonfalva, g. Rugendorf)
179, 196, 264, 280–282
ruin(ed)
11, 17, 22, 25, 27, 33–34, 36, 44, 53, 54n.62, 68, 72–73, 76n.34, 84n.75, 85, 89n.98, 92, 97, 103n.145, 104–107, 114n.26, 118, 122, 125–126, 128, 132, 134, 135n.92, 136n.93, 138, 141, 145–146, 148–150, 152–154, 158–161, 163, 166–167, 170, 181, 185, 190–191, 196n.83, 197–198, 202–203, 205, 213, 217, 219–220, 224, 227, 229, 233, 236–237, 239–242, 244, 245n.33, 251–253, 255, 260, 263n.70, 279n.53, 280, 283–284, 286, 288–289, 295, 309, 311n.13, 314, 316, 318, 322–324, 325n.50, 326, 330, 338n.21, 339, 346n.60, 349, 350n.80, 353, 354n.96, 360–361, 362n.123, 365, 383, 387, 389, 393, 397, 400–401, 409, 420, 422, 424
Rupea (h. Kőhalom, g. Reps)
60, 264, 333
rural
(
villages
) 3, 21, 44, 62, 114, 140, 187, 243, 245–246, 256, 264, 266, 272, 275, 283, 295, 306, 330, 386, 414
countryside
68, 181, 199, 235, 268, 275, 278, 303, 422
hinterland
144, 179, 200, 305, 330, 399
Rusciori (h. Oroszcsűr, g. Reussdörfchen)
179, 189
Rușor (h. Rusor)
375, 393–394
Russia(n)
155n.34
Rusu, Adrian A.
33, 37, 39, 127, 383, 397
Rusu, Mircea
34, 147n.18
Săcădate (h. Oltszakadát, g. Sakadat)
34, 179, 200, 205n.130, 207n.137, 208n.144
sacristies
102, 120, 123n.57, 159, 163, 167, 170–171, 196n.85, 197, 199, 206, 235, 250, 276, 279, 283, 285, 290–291, 294, 300, 303–304, 313, 316, 320, 322, 350, 352n.87, 400
Săcuieni (h. Székelyhíd, g. Zickelhid)
179, 189, 264, 289–290
Saints
78n.45, 208n.144, 214, 283, 309
St Adalbert
78
St Ana
234
St Anastasius
78
St Andrew
94n.113
St Bartholomew
272
St Benedict
236n.1
St Catherine
252, 270
St Christopher
325
St Cyril and Methodius
75n.32
St Elisabeth
308, 311n.16
St George
84–85, 106, 114, 381, 383, 401
St Gerard of Cenad
59, 79, 82, 84, 98, 121, 420
St Jacob
308, 314, 325–326
St James
233n.202, 326
St John
308
St John the Baptist
59, 82–84
St Ladislaus of Hungary
307–308, 326–327
St Laurence
252, 325
St Margaret
93, 304
St Martin
270
St Mary, also as the Blessed Virgin
20, 60, 84–85, 93, 296n.100, 308–309, 313, 322–323
St Mary Magdalene
308
St Michael
19, 21, 36, 105, 140, 143, 145, 147–148, 150–151, 157–159, 163–164, 215, 233n.202, 235, 296
St Naum
113
St Nicholas
74, 107, 110, 294, 326n.57, 387
St Nicodemus
387
St Panteleimon
113
St Paraskeva of the Balkans
380
St Peter
272
St Sebaldus
276, 299n.108
St Stephen of Hungary
78, 81, 162, 270, 326n.57
St Ursula
308
St Vitus
276
Sălașu de Sus (h. Felsőszálláspatak, g. Ober- Dorfsbach)
375, 380, 393
Săliște (h. Szelistye, g. Großendorf)
375, 380, 386, 396, 399, 408, 410
Salontai, Sanda
32, 208n.144, 258n.62, 263n.70, 323
Salzburg (Austria)
76
Sâncrăieni (h. Csíkszentkirály)
38, 179, 194–195, 264, 280, 333, 361
Sâncraiu (h. Sepsiszentkirály)
179, 196, 264, 279, 333, 362n.125
Sâncraiu de Mureș (h. Marosszentkirály, g. Weichseldorf)
179, 188, 264, 274n.34
sanctuaries
(
apses, chancels, choirs
) apses, chancels, choirs) 8, 11, 21, 88, 103, 107, 113, 117, 127, 131–132, 134n.87, 135, 136n.93, 159, 163, 165–171, 185, 187–188, 191n.60, 195, 196n.83, 205, 211, 213–214, 220, 222, 232–233, 236–237, 242–243, 245–246, 248, 256, 261–263, 270, 275–277, 279–280, 283, 285, 287–291, 294–295, 298–301, 303–304, 306, 311, 313–314, 316, 320–324, 326, 338, 343–344, 352, 354, 386, 388, 391–392, 395–400, 402–406, 410, 412–413, 415
Sândominic (h. Csíkszentdomokos)
179, 194, 264, 278
Săndulești (h. Szind)
375, 404n.117
Sângeorgiu de Mureș (h. Marosszentgyörgy)
179, 189, 197
Sâniob (h. Szentjobb)
69, 93
Sânmartin (h. Váradszentmárton)
179, 194, 197
Sânnicolau de Beiuș (h. Belényesszentmiklós)
35, 69, 90, 93, 122–123, 127, 129, 162, 179, 187, 333, 338, 420
Sânnicolau Mare (h. Nagyszentmiklós, g. Gross-Sanktnikolaus)
68n.8, 69
Sânpetru (h. Szentpéterfalva)
5n.4, 23, 34, 375–376, 381, 392, 393n.82, 395, 397, 409–412, 414
Sânpetru-Petersberg (Sânpetru, h. Barcaszentpéter, g. Petersberg)
5n.4, 179, 239, 245, 263, 333, 337, 361–362, 367
Sântămăria-Orlea (h. Őraljaboldogfalva, g. Liebfrauen)
21, 179, 239, 255, 257, 375, 380, 392, 395, 397–398, 411
Sântana de Mureș (h. Marosszentanna)
179, 187n.35
Sântimbru (h. Csíkszentimre)
350n.77
Sântimreu (h. Hegyközszentimre)
69, 94
Sântion (h. Biharszentjános)
69, 95
Sânvăsii (h. Nyárádszentlászló)
69, 130, 179, 217, 219n.169
Sânzieni (h. Kézdiszentlélek)
179, 233
Sarasău (h. Szarvaszó)
375, 399
Șardu (h. Magyarsárd)
179, 188
Sarmizegetusa (Grădiște, Britonia, h. Várhely)
375–376
Șaroș pe Târnave (h. Szászsáros, g. Scharosch)
264, 276, 290, 333, 365
Saschiz (h. Szászkézd, g. Keisd)
25, 69–70, 122, 179, 203, 217, 219–222, 224, 227, 229, 264, 275, 333, 336, 350, 364, 367
Satu Mare (h. Szatmárnémeti, g. Sathmar)
5n.4, 26, 53, 219
Satu Mare-Máréfalva (h. Máréfalva)
5n.4, 179, 196
Săvârșin (h. Soborsin, g. Soborschin)
179, 219n.169
Saxon(s)
(
German(ic)(s), hospites
) 5–7, 15, 17, 19, 21–23, 25–26, 28–30, 38, 51–57, 60–61, 96, 103, 122, 130, 135–138, 170, 172, 177, 179, 182n.10 and 12, 186, 188–189, 190–191, 192n.62, 199, 202, 204, 225, 227, 235, 239, 246n.37, 253–254, 264, 266, 272, 282–283, 291, 305, 307n.1, 315, 326, 329, 333, 335, 336n.6, 339–340, 343, 356n.99, 368, 382, 417, 419, 421
schism(atics)
75, 79, 415
Scoreiu (h. Skorei, g. Standorf)
375, 377, 381
Scripou (Orchomenus, Greece)
120
Sebeș (h. Szászsebes, g. Mühlbach)
1, 21, 28, 34–35, 39, 69, 96, 103, 170, 179, 182, 191, 199–200, 203–205, 207, 239, 244, 264, 266–270, 274–276, 283, 288, 293, 295–296, 298–299, 306, 330, 333, 342, 346, 360
secular
6, 177, 181, 283n.64, 311
sedilia
413
Seghiște (h. Szegyesd)
375, 388
Șeica Mare (h. Nagyselyk, g. Marktschelken)
264, 291n.88
Șeica Mică (h. Kisselyk, g. Kleinschelken)
264, 283, 291n.88, 333
Șelimbăr (h. Sellenberk, g. Schellenberg)
179, 205n.130, 207
Selishte (Bulgaria)
117n.34
Serbia(ns)
9, 82–83, 85, 106, 113
sewage works
36, 170n.84, 217n.163, 220, 299n.111, 316
Sfântu Gheorghe (h. Sepsiszentgyörgy, g. Sankt Georgen, Gergesmarkt)
333, 338, 364
Sibiu (h. Nagyszeben, g. Hermannstadt)
1, 3, 5–6, 8, 20, 22, 28, 34, 36, 38, 40, 52, 57, 60, 69, 91, 96, 102, 122, 177, 179–180, 200, 202–204, 210, 215n.152, 217, 219–222, 224, 227, 229, 235, 245n.33, 251, 261n.67, 264, 266–269, 272, 274–276, 288, 290–291, 301–302, 306, 307–330, 333, 342–343, 360, 366, 368, 380, 386, 399, 418, 421–422
Sibiu – Gușterița (h. Szenterzsébet, g. Hammersdorf)
179, 207–210
Sibiu – Turnișor (h. Kistorony, g. Neppendorf)
179, 207, 333, 344–345
Sic (h. Szék, g. Sechen)
239, 244, 263–264, 266, 268
Șieu-Odorhei (h. Sajóudvarhely, g. Dienesdorf)
179, 189–190, 239, 251n.42
Sigerus, Emil
28
Sighișoara (h. Segesvár, g. Schässburg)
9, 11, 21–22, 30, 36, 38, 52, 69, 96–97, 122, 131–132, 135, 179, 203–205, 210–211, 213, 217, 220, 222, 224–225, 227, 229, 264, 266–269, 272, 274–275, 294, 296, 302–303, 306, 330, 333, 339, 346, 348, 421–422
Sigismund of Luxembourg of Hungary (1387–1437)
266, 269, 296, 398n.104
Silvanus, God
409
Silvașu de Sus – Prislop Monastery (h. Felsőszilvás, g. Zwetschgart)
23, 36, 375, 385, 387–388
Simeon I of Bulgaria (893–927)
50, 157
Simon, bishop of Oradea
93
Simon, bishop of Transylvania
60, 144n.11, 158
Șinca Veche (h. Ósinka, g. Alt-Schinka)
69, 72n.22
single-nave churches
7, 17, 19, 21, 23, 63, 81, 87, 102, 107, 114, 117, 120, 122–123, 127–128, 130, 135, 137, 138n.104, 150, 187, 189–192, 193–202, 208, 211–212, 222–223, 235, 245, 251, 253, 255, 260, 274–278, 282–283, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 301, 304–305, 309, 311, 324–325, 328, 336, 339, 344, 349, 351–352, 354, 356, 386, 389, 392, 395, 413, 415, 421
Șișterea (h. Siter)
179, 188
Sixtus Bichariensis, bishop
85n.81
Sixtus Varadiensis, bishop
85n.81
Slav(ic)s
7, 26, 44, 67, 70, 77, 86n.89, 96, 416
(Church) Slavonic
70, 256, 380, 404
Slimnic (h. Szelindek, g. Stolzenburg)
264, 276
Slovakia
233n.202, 266
Șoala (h. Sálya, g. Schaal)
179, 333, 365
Șoarș (h. Sáros, g. Scharesch)
333, 336
Sófalvi, András
39, 217n.166, 233
Șomartin (h. Mártonhegy, g. Martinsberg)
179, 205n.131
Someș, river system
1
Someșeni
,
see Cluj-Napoca
Soós, Zoltán
39, 285n.73
Stablo (Belgia)
232
Stănislav Hraboru, župan
379, 382
steeples
189n.46, 219, 392
Ștefănescu, Ion D.
29
Stephen I of Hungary (997/1001–1038)
(
St Stephen of Hungary
) 50, 58–59, 61–62, 78–82, 98, 144, 158, 162
Stephen III of Hungary (1162–1172)
216
Stephen III of Moldavia (1457–1504)
381
stone, architecture
(
ashlars
) 25, 33, 50, 52, 54, 73, 81, 84n.72, 87–90, 93, 94n.112, 104, 109n.14, 110, 117–118, 121, 123, 125, 128, 131, 134–135, 137n.94, 144, 147, 152, 156, 159–160, 166, 168, 177, 191, 198, 211, 214, 222–224, 229–230, 232, 240–241, 253–254, 256, 258, 260–261, 275, 280, 282, 285, 288, 298, 301, 309, 313, 318, 320, 322–323, 338–340, 342, 344, 348, 350–351, 356–357, 359, 360n.112, 361–362, 366, 368, 373, 377, 379n.28, 385, 389, 392–393, 395, 397–399, 403, 404n.117, 406–413, 419, 422
stratigraphy
85, 96n.125, 113, 131, 134, 150, 152, 160n.54, 197, 241, 253, 255, 262, 367
Strei (h. Zeykfalva, g. Zeikdorf)
179, 375–376, 379, 381, 383, 385, 392–393, 395–398, 409, 411–412, 414
Streisângeorgiu (h. Sztrigyszentgyörgy)
23, 35, 62n.98, 69, 71–72, 90–91, 104, 106–107, 114–115, 117, 138, 179, 189, 333, 339, 375, 376n.7, 379, 383, 392, 395, 407–410, 412–414, 423
Strugureni (h. Mezőveresegyháza, g. Rothkirch)
264, 274
Șumuleu Ciuc
,
see Miercurea Ciuc
Șura Mare (h. Nagycsűr, g. Gross-Scheuern)
179, 200, 205n.130, 207, 264
Șura Mică (h. Kiscsűr, g. Klein-Scheuern)
179, 200, 205n.130, 264, 333
Suseni – Colț Fortress (h. Malomvízszuszény)
23, 69, 117, 333, 335, 373, 375–376, 383, 392, 395, 397–398, 408, 410–411
Sylvester II, pope (999–1003)
78
synods
96
Szabo, Attila
5
Szabolcs (Hungary)
96
Szakács, Béla Zsolt
31
Szathmáry, Károly
284
Székesfehérvár (Hungary)
79, 121n.45, 233
Szekler(s)
7, 19, 21, 26, 38, 51–52, 55–57, 62–63, 91, 96, 98–99, 128, 135, 137–138, 182, 189, 191, 197–198, 202, 227, 233, 235, 264, 267, 280, 306, 333, 339n.33, 360–361, 368, 419, 421
Land of
26n.8, 27, 30, 51n.42, 52, 57, 96, 274n.34, 349, 361, 364, 417
Szentgotthárd (Hungary)
80n.61, 236n.1
Szinte, Gábor
33
Szőcs, Péter Levente
39, 217n.166
Table of Oblation
406
Takács, Imre
168
Takács, Miklos
157n.45, 162
Tămașda (h. Tamáshida)
179, 202
Tápiógyörgye (Hungary)
95n.124
Țapu (h. Csicsóholdvilág, g. Abstdorf)
264, 333, 344–345, 360, 366
Tarcal (Hungary)
96n.127
Târgu Mureș (h. Marosvásárhely, g. Neumarkt am Mieresch)
22, 38, 264, 267, 274, 284–286, 333, 342, 360
Târnava (h. Nagyekemező, g. Gross- Probstdorf)
264, 279
Târnave, river system
1, 22, 50, 52–53, 264, 305, 336, 341
Târnăvioara
,
see Copșa Mică
Tărpiu (h. Szásztörpény, g. Treppen)
25, 179, 192, 264, 277, 279, 333, 338
Tăuț (h. Feltót)
69, 95, 179, 188
Teaca (h. Teke, g. Teckendorf)
179, 186, 264, 268, 291–292, 333, 338
Țeghea (h. Krasznacégény)
179, 278n.45
Téglás, Gábor
33
Teiuș (h. Tövis, g. Dreikirchen)
36, 264, 274, 285
templon
(
iconostasis
) 387, 406, 412
Tetișu (h. Ketesd)
239, 251n.42
Teutonic Knights
12, 51, 53–54, 181–182, 244–245, 246n.37, 248, 253–255, 256n.55, 260–261, 263, 342n.47, 343
Thalgott, Michael
28
Theodorescu, Răzvan
31
Theotmar, archbishop of Salzburg
76
Țigău (h. Cegőtelke, g. Zegendorf)
264, 279
Tileagd (h. Mezőtelegd)
69, 94
Timișoara (h. Temesvár, g. Temeschwar)
266
Tiocu de Jos (h. Alsótök, g. Kürbisdorf)
239, 251n.42, 264, 274
Tiocu de Sus (h. Felsőtök, g. Ober-Kürbisdorf)
239, 251n.42
Țiplic, Ioan Marian
39, 295n.94, 318
Tisa, river
27, 58, 77
Toarcla (h. Kisprázsmár, g. Tarteln)
179, 200, 205n.131, 206–207, 208n.144
tombstones
71, 109, 314, 316
Tomești (h. Csíkszenttamás)
38, 179, 196, 264, 280, 333, 349, 361
topography
15, 61n.91, 83–85, 88, 114n.30, 125, 147–148, 150, 160–161, 183, 219, 240, 262, 269, 272, 285n.73, 295n.99, 306, 328–329, 357, 364, 367, 416
Tóth, Boglárka
39
Tourkia, region
62, 76–77, 139, 157–158
towers
4, 9, 19, 21, 41, 87, 102, 107, 111, 114–115, 117–118, 120, 121n.50, 127–128, 135–138, 140, 147–148, 150, 163, 165–166, 170–171, 183–184, 187, 188n.46, 189–196, 197n.91, 199–200, 202–203, 205–208, 210–211, 213–214, 217, 219, 222–223, 230, 235, 237, 246, 248, 250, 251n.41, 254, 256, 258, 262, 270, 276–278, 280, 282–283, 285, 287, 290, 292–293, 295, 298, 300–304, 307–308, 311, 313, 318–320, 323–324, 326n.57, 328, 330–331, 333–350, 352–354, 356–365, 367–368, 380–381, 389, 391, 392n.79, 393, 395, 397–399, 404, 407, 409–411, 413, 423
belltowers
9, 112, 285, 341n.40, 344, 349, 368, 391, 393n.87
tower-houses (also as dwelling t.)
136–137, 339, 344, 397
towns
(
cities, urban
) 43–44, 61, 68, 118, 187, 193, 202, 264, 266–267, 268n.13, 272, 275–276, 284, 302, 306–307, 309, 320, 342, 365n.133, 381, 404
Trajan, Roman emperor (98–117)
43
transepts
4, 147–148, 163, 165, 199, 202, 205, 207, 237, 240, 245–246, 290–291, 301, 313, 316, 320, 323
Treiber, Gustav
30, 299n.111
trench, feature
98n.129, 120, 131, 138, 152, 211, 233, 318, 322, 325, 357, 359, 363, 408, 413
triconch, ground plan
36, 113, 387
triumphal arches
154, 196n.85, 278–279, 319, 412–413
Tuhutum (Tétény), Hungarian leader
45
Turcuș, Ștefan
32
Turcuș, Veronica
32
Turda (h. Torda, g. Thorenburg)
22, 36, 38, 44, 53, 69, 95, 264, 266–267, 268n.13, 269, 272, 278, 284, 289, 302, 330, 333, 342, 422
Bisericani (h. Egyházfalvá)
264, 272
Turda Nouă (h. Újtorda, g. Neu-Thorda)
264, 272
Turda Veche (h. Ótorda, g. Alt-Thorda)
264, 278, 283, 288
Turia (Turia de Sus, Turia de Jos, h. Torja, g. Torian)
179, 196, 333, 338, 361n.122
Turnișor
,
see Sibiu
Tuștea (h. Tustya)
375–376
Uileacu Șimleului (h. Somlyóújlak)
69, 94
Ukraine
57
Ulieș (h. Kányád)
69, 128
Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa
(
Sarmizegetusa
) 44
Unciuc (h. Uncsukfalva, g. Unzendorf)
375, 393–394
Ungra (h. Ugra, g. Galt)
179, 205n.130, 206–207
Unguraș (h. Bálványosváralja, g. Schlosswall)
239, 244
urban
(
cities, towns
) 3, 5, 8, 21, 32, 35–36, 38, 44, 68, 140, 142n.5, 183, 199, 203, 263–264, 266–267, 269, 274, 278, 283, 291, 295, 299n.111, 303, 305–307, 322, 330, 342, 359, 412, 418, 422
Ursulines
310–311
Vad (h. Révkolostor)
34
Vaida (h. Biharvajda)
179, 188, 217, 219–220, 222–224, 227, 235
Vajk
,
see Stephen I of Hungary
Valchid (h. Váldhíd, g. Waldhütten)
264, 279
Valea Crișului (h. Sepsikőröspatak, g. Eschendorf)
179, 187n.35
Valea Lungă (h. Hosszúaszó, g. Langenthal)
264
Valea Mănăstirii – Râmeț Monastery (h. Remetekolostor)
23, 375, 385, 389–392, 412–413
Valea Viilor (h. Nagybaromlak, g. Wurmloch)
179, 204, 333, 336, 352, 367
Vărd (h. Vérd, g. Werdt)
333
Vârghiș (h. Vargyas)
333, 363–364
Vătășianu, Virgil
29–30, 113, 208, 392n.79
vault(ing)s
4, 111, 117, 131–132, 134, 189, 197n.91, 200, 203, 214, 217n.161, 219, 224–225, 230, 233, 237, 243, 246, 256, 258, 262, 278, 280, 285, 288, 293, 297–298, 300n.113, 313, 317–318, 325, 346, 348, 356, 386–387, 397, 399, 401, 407–408
domes
154–155, 217n.161, 224, 227, 229, 387, 397, 404, 407
Velț (h. Velc, g. Wölz)
333, 365
Vermeș (h. Vermes, g. Wermesch)
333, 338
Veseud (h. Vessződ, g. Ziedt)
179, 205n.131, 239, 244n.29, 333
vestiges
68, 72n.22, 86, 134, 142, 148, 157, 194, 288, 300, 311n.13 and 16, 351, 359n.106
vestries
192, 246
Veszprém (Hungary)
80
Veszprémvölgy
158n.47
Vidin (Bulgaria)
82
Vienna (Austria)
20, 27, 208n.144, 275–276, 298, 309
Viișoara (h. Besenyő, g. Heidendorf)
264, 279
village(r)s
(
rural
) 24–25, 44, 58, 61, 81, 86, 90, 94n.113, 95, 98, 100, 102, 107, 114, 118, 120, 123, 128, 135n.92, 183, 188, 191n.60, 192n.62, 193, 246n.37, 253–254, 262, 268, 272, 275–276, 278, 288, 340, 367, 376–377, 380–381, 385–386, 390n.73, 399, 401, 404, 406
Vinitsa (Bulgaria)
114n.26
Vințu de Jos (h. Alvinc, g. Unter-Wintz)
36, 179, 217, 219n.169, 264, 274–275, 288
Viscri (h. Szászfehéregyháza, g. Deutsch- Weißkirch)
21, 34, 69, 91, 96, 122, 135–138, 177, 179, 182, 187–189, 192, 264, 333, 336, 339, 344, 356n.99, 360, 364–365, 367, 421
Visegrád (Hungary)
81
Viștea de Jos (h. Alsóvist, g. Unter-Wischt)
375, 387–388, 406
Vlachs
(
Romania(ns)
) 47n.21
Vladimirescu (h. Öthalom, g. Glogowatz)
69, 89, 123, 179, 187, 202
Voivodeni (h. Nagyvajdafalva, g. Gross- Waiwoden)
375, 377, 390–391, 406n.121, 407–408
voivodes
55, 86n.89, 144, 379–380, 385
voivodeships
45, 47, 57–58
of Bălgrad
45, 48–49, 142, 147, 149, 375
of Transylvania
1, 4, 45, 54–55, 58, 61, 63, 82, 215, 272, 274n.34, 329, 417
Voivozi (h. Almaszeg)
35, 69, 91, 179, 188, 375, 379, 389–391
Vulcan (h. Szászvolkány, g. Wolkendorf)
333, 362
Vurpăr (h. Vurpód, g. Burgberg)
179, 205, 208, 333
walking level
152, 166, 168, 242
Wallachia(n)
22, 57–58, 269, 307, 380–381, 386, 387n.59 and 60, 399, 402, 403n.115, 424
Weisz, Attila
32
walls
22–23, 33, 41, 54n.62, 76n.34, 86–89, 98n.129, 100, 109n.13, 110, 114, 117–118, 120, 123n.56, 125, 127–128, 131–132, 134, 135n.92, 136n.93, 137, 140–142, 147–148, 150, 152–154, 164, 166–168, 170, 188–190, 195, 196n.85, 197–200, 205, 207, 211, 213–214, 222–225, 229–230, 232, 240, 242, 244n.29, 246, 248, 253–256, 258, 260, 270, 278–279, 282, 285, 291, 293, 298, 301–302, 308, 313–314, 316, 318, 320, 322–323, 325–328, 330–331, 333, 336–346, 348–349, 351–353, 354n.97, 356–357, 359–366, 368, 381, 385, 387, 390, 392, 395, 397, 399–401, 405–409, 411–413
wells
33, 153, 154n.32, 229, 340, 351, 366–367
Werner, George
27
Western (Christianity
;
Catholic(ism), Latin(s)
) 63, 67, 70, 78–80, 103–104, 161, 256, 419
wooden, architecture
22, 25, 52, 72, 81, 86–88, 90–91, 93, 95, 103, 114, 123n.56, 135, 189–190, 230, 285, 290, 309, 313, 322–323, 330, 340, 342, 344, 350, 354, 356, 357n.103, 360n.112, 361n.121, 362, 366, 373, 375–376, 379n.28, 380–381, 385, 389, 392, 393n.82, 398–399, 403, 406–407, 412, 414
workshops
76, 121n.45, 125, 154n.32, 162, 172–173, 185, 199, 227, 240, 243–244, 258, 261, 268, 276, 283, 296, 298, 304–305, 331, 366, 375, 386, 404, 406–407, 410, 412, 422
Zăbala (h. Zabola, g. Gebissdorf)
69, 98n.129, 99
Zagreb (Croatia)
80
Zakarpattia
(
Maramureş
) 27, 298n.104
Zalavár (Hungary)
76, 80, 121n.45
Zamfira, daughter of Moise of Wallachia
387
Zăvoi (h. Macesd)
375, 393
Zlatna (h. Zalatna, g. Klein-Schlatten)
23, 179, 205n.131, 375, 379, 382–384
Zolotarevo (Ukraine)
377
župans
379, 382
Footnotes
1
Data mostly based on Szabó 2003, a fundamental source, available inclusively online, for the huge array of denominations used in various languages since their written appearance for the localities of historical Hungary now located in Romania.