Index of Subjects and Terms
Abortion
131, 141–142, 146
Ageing mechanism
80
Age of Nations
97
Age-period-cohort model
75, 79–80
Anthropocentric paradigm
123, 128, 147
Anthropocentrism
123
Anti-elitism
43, 48, 56–57
elites
Anti-establishment
42, 47–48,
Attitudes
Anti-EU
54
Anthropocentric
129, 133, 148
Authoritarian
7, 46, 113, 127–128, 132, 144, 147
Environmental / towards environment
7, 123–124, 129–133, 144, 147–148
Eurosceptic
45–46, 53
Pro-EU
53–54
Towards immigrants and immigration (AII)
7, 91–93, 95, 97–101, 103–105, 107, 109, 111–117
Austria
3, 5, 7, 13, 42, 46–48, 51–58, 64, 69, 75, 78, 81–83, 85–86, 91–93, 102–116, 124–125, 132, 134–145, 147–148
Authoritarian
7–8, 42–44, 46, 48, 52, 54–55, 76–79, 81–83, 86, 113, 123–133, 137, 139, 144–148
Anti-environmentalism
124, 128–129, 147
Attitudes
7, 46, 113, 124–125, 127–128, 132, 144, 147–148
Leader(ship)
6, 8
Personality / Personality traits
124, 129–131, 147–148
Aggressive behavior
129
Conventionalism
129, 131, 148
Submission towards authorities
44, 129
Regimes
7, 78, 79, 82, 86, 123, 124, 147
Wave
124
authoritarianism
Authoritarianism
42–44, 46, 48, 54–55, 123–124, 126–133, 137, 139, 144–148
Index
131, 139n11, 144
Balkan
125–126
Casual sex (attitudes towards)
131, 141, 143
Chapel Hill Expert Survey / CHES
47, 48n3
Chauvinism
94–96
welfare chauvinism
Citizenship
92, 94, 95, 100, 161
Civil society
4, 125–126
Climate change
125, 128–129
Crisis
Economic
8, 73, 127, 155–156, 158–159, 164, 168, 170
Financial
(Im)migration
1–2, 26–27, 41, 57, 91–92, 98, 101, 107, 127, 161, 164–166, 172
Of democracy
124–125, 127
Refugee
46
Communist
3, 7, 9–17, 45, 73–77, 80, 83–84, 86, 91–93, 101, 104, 107–108, 110–111, 116–117, 124–127, 147–148, 155, 160
Block
93, 104, 110–111, 116–117
Countries
12, 17, 73–76, 91–93, 101, 107–108, 116
Party
45, 76, 77
Party members
77
Party supporters
77
Regime
74, 76–77, 91, 160
Communism
5, 24, 125
Confidence
In government
19–33
In parliament
48
In political parties
48
In public administration / civil service
6, 14, 20, 21
Corrupt elites
3, 42, 56
Corruption
14, 16–17, 56, 73, 126–127
anti-corruption
Critical citizens
73
Croatia
1, 5, 7, 13, 18–22, 24, 26–27, 29, 32–33, 75, 78, 81–86, 91, 98, 102–106, 108–114, 116, 123–127, 129–145, 147–148
Cultural backlash
52
Cultural identity
4, 42
Czechia
1–2, 5, 8, 13, 18–19, 21–22, 24, 27–28, 32–33, 55, 70, 101–102, 104–107, 111–117
Czech Republic
47, 51–55, 75–76, 78, 82–86, 92, 98, 102, 105, 110, 124, 126, 132–136, 138–141, 143–148, 155, 158–166, 171–172
De-democratization
3
Democracy-autocracy preference (DAP) scale
78
Democratic backsliding
2, 3, 30, 33–34, 81, 86, 124–125, 148
democratic erosion, hollowing, regression, de-democratization
Democratic erosion
3, 124
Democratic governance / how democratically a country is governed
16, 28–30, 101, 110–113, 116
Democratic hollowing
3
Democratic performance evaluation (DPE) scale
78
Democratic regime
7, 16, 42, 76–78, 83, 100, 123–124, 127–128, 130
Democratic regression
3
Democratic values
14, 16–17, 28, 33, 76–77, 94
Democracy support
20, 28, 74–75, 78–79, 81, 83, 86
Democratization
1, 3, 76, 99, 124, 126
Demographic variables
17–18, 20, 31
socio-demographic variables
Divorce (attitudes towards)
131, 141–142, 145
Eco-centrism
129n
Education
2, 17, 32, 49, 64–66, 68, 75, 94–95, 101, 114–115, 126, 129–130, 132–133, 145–146, 148, 157–161, 165–168, 172
Effect of migration on labor market, criminality and the welfare system
100, 102–105
Elections
2, 16, 28, 47, 49, 53, 56–57, 64, 78, 82, 131, 138
Electoral competition
2, 34, 74, 78
Elites
3–4, 14–15, 21, 26, 34, 42–43, 56, 76, 125–126
anti-elitism
Employment
32–33, 115, 126, 130, 135–136, 155, 158–159, 162, 165–166, 168–170, 172
Environment
6–8, 18, 75, 96–97, 123–125, 127–137, 144–148
Environmental
Attitudes
7, 129, 132–133, 148
pro-environmental
Environmental Indifference Index
132, 144–145
Pollution
131, 133–136
Protection
8, 123–124, 127–128, 133–137, 144, 147–148
Environmentalism
124, 127–129, 147
Ethnopluralism
42–43
European Union
1, 4, 8, 12, 41, 49, 97, 124, 155, 158, 160–161, 164–165, 171–172
Euro-scepticism
46, 48, 54, 57,
Euthanasia
131, 141–143
European Values Study (EVS)
5–6, 13, 18, 42, 47–48, 52–54, 56, 58, 74, 78, 81, 96, 99–100, 102–112, 114, 124–125, 130–134, 136–144, 147–148, 155, 159, 164–168
Foreign-born
93, 104
Foreign labor
155, 157–160, 163–164, 170
Former communist
12, 76, 77, 91, 93, 101, 104, 107–108, 110–111, 116–117, 126, 147–148
post-communist, post-socialist
GAL-TAN
48
Gender roles
24–26, 34
Generational conditionality
74–75
Generational differences
7, 73–77, 79, 81, 83–86
Generational effects
74, 77, 79, 83–84
Germany
5, 13, 91–93, 95, 102–116, 124–125, 132, 134–148, 161
Give up part of income to prevent environmental pollution
133–136, 144, 147
Globalization
3, 41, 45, 73, 92, 97, 99
Governance
9–10, 30, 73, 83, 101, 110–113, 116, 125, 127
Historical legacies
1
Homosexuality
131, 141, 145–146
Hungary
1–5, 13, 15, 18–24, 26–34, 41, 51–52, 54–56, 65–66, 71, 74, 78, 81–86, 91–92, 98, 101–117, 124, 126, 132, 134, 136–148
Hybrid regime
2, 8, 10
Identity
4, 6–7, 15, 18, 41–44, 48, 50, 55, 64–65, 67–68, 76, 91–98, 100, 106–108, 112–114, 116–117
Identity politics
42
Ideological closeness
6, 16
Ideological congruence
6, 16, 25, 34
Ideology
3, 16–17, 19, 34, 41–44, 92, 125
Illiberal democracy
1–3, 114
Illiberal tendencies
1, 3, 5, 7, 11
Illiberal turn
2–5, 42
Immigrants
7, 26–28, 43, 50, 91–105, 107, 109, 111–117, 157–159, 165–168
views on effect of migration on labor market, criminality and the welfare system
100, 102–105
views on impact of immigrants on development
26–28, 48, 50, 100–102, 105, 116–117, 156, 164
anti-immigration rhetoric, migrants, refugees, migration crisis
Immigration
7, 26, 44–46, 48, 50, 54–55, 57, 64–65, 67–68, 91–105, 107, 109, 111–117, 124, 127, 156–157, 160, 162–163, 172
migration
Impact of immigrants on development
27–29, 48, 50, 54, 91, 100–102, 105, 116–117, 164
Impressionable years’ hypothesis
75
Incumbent(s)
2, 12, 14, 22–23, 34
Institutions
Democratic
2, 15–16, 33–34, 126
European
127
Political
3–4, 6, 12, 18, 21, 34, 50, 73, 94–96, 107–108, 110–111, 116
Labor
8, 26, 55, 58, 80, 93, 100–105, 115–116, 155–165, 167, 169–172
Labor market / job scarcity
“3D” jobs
170
Nationals have priority
100, 104–105, 159, 167, 172
Labor migration
8, 155–156, 158–160, 163, 165, 167, 170–172
Downgrading
158
Highly Qualified Worker Program
163
Over-education
158, 161
Qualified Worker Program
163
Regime Ukraine
163
foreign labor
155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 164, 170
Legitimacy
12, 14–16, 33, 73–74, 78
Political
14–16
Liberal democracy
1–3, 5–6, 8, 12, 31, 43, 113, 127, 147
Liberal values
1–3
Life satisfaction
20–21
Losers of the globalization
45
Media
2–4, 6, 16–17, 28, 30–31, 54, 96, 101–102, 104, 117, 162
Media malaise
17
Migrants
1, 4, 7, 8, 26–28, 43, 50, 54, 91–105, 107, 109, 111–117, 155–161, 163–169, 171
immigrants, refugees
Migrant threat
1, 26, 43–44, 46, 48, 95, 162, 164–165
Migration
1–2, 7–8, 26–27, 41, 43–46, 48, 50, 54–55, 57, 64–65, 67–68, 91–105, 107, 109, 111–117, 124, 127, 155–168, 170–172
immigration
Migration crisis
1, 2, 26–27, 41, 57, 91–92, 98, 101, 107, 127, 161, 164–166, 172
Minority(ies)
1–4, 27, 43–44, 163
Protection of minorities
2
Ethnic
44
Religious
44
Mobilization approach
17
Modernization
Process
77, 99
Theory
77
Modernization theory hypothesis
77
Nation
4, 14, 43, 92, 94, 100n4
National identification
7, 95
National identity
4, 6–7, 18, 41, 43–44, 48, 55, 91–98, 100, 106–108, 112–114, 116–117
Civic
94, 116
Ethnic
94, 107, 116
Ethnic-cum-civic
94
Nationalism
43, 55, 58, 62, 91, 94, 96–98
Natives
43, 155, 157, 158
non-natives
Nativism
42–44
Material dimension
43
Political dimension
43
Symbolic dimension
43
Nativist narratives
7, 58
New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) scale
129, 131–132
Non-liberal
1, 80
Non-natives
44
natives
Non-voter
56, 58
Party(ies)
Ano2011
51, 57
Communist
76–77
East German Communist (SED)
77
Established
2, 7, 41–42, 45, 51
Extreme right
15
Extremist
42
Fidesz
15, 31, 51–52, 56
Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD)
48, 52–53, 55, 57, 163
Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ)
3, 48, 54–57, 64
Jobbik
48, 51, 52, 55–56, 65–66
Kukiz’15 (Kukiz / K15)
48, 52, 55, 66–67
Law and Justice (PiS)
2, 15, 48n4, 51, 56
Mainstream
3, 45, 56, 62
ÖVP
51, 57
Right-wing
3–4, 15, 57
Radical right
41, 43–45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 65, 67, 69, 71
People’s Party Our Slovakia (ĽSNS)
48, 52–53, 55, 57, 68
Populist
3, 19, 23–24, 56–57
Post-communist
45, 77
Political
3, 14, 41–42, 46–48, 73, 96, 98, 100, 110, 125, 163
Populist Radical Right (PRR)
4, 7, 41–49, 51–58, 65, 67, 69, 71
SMER
51, 57–58
We Are Family
48, 51–52, 54–55, 57, 58
Patriotism
94–96
Perception
Of migrant threat
46
Of migrants in the labor market/workforce/of migrant workers
7–8, 155, 160
Of democratic governance
28–30
Poland
1–5, 13, 15, 18–24, 26–28, 30, 32–34, 41, 48, 51–52, 54–55, 66–67, 71, 73, 78, 81– 86, 92, 98, 102–117, 124, 126, 132, 134, 136–143, 146–148, 161
Policy congruence
14, 16, 21, 26, 34
Policy consensus
42
Political culture
7, 83, 91–93, 95, 98–100, 109–110, 112–114, 116
Cognitive orientations
93, 99–100, 109, 113, 116
Evaluative orientations
93, 99–100, 110, 113, 116
Political distance
16, 21, 26
Political efficacy
100, 109, 111, 114, 116
Political elites
14–15, 21, 26, 56, 76, 126
Political interest
7, 95, 100, 109–110, 113–114
Political legitimacy
14, 15, 16
Political participation
12, 17, 43
Political pessimism / distrust
12, 15, 46, 48, 56, 96
Political regime
1–2, 4–5, 7, 77–78, 83–84, 86
Political regime hypothesis
76–77
Political support
12, 14, 99
Diffuse and specific
14
support for democracy
Populism
3, 5–6, 8, 13, 15, 34, 42–47, 51–52, 56–58, 91, 96, 110
Right-wing
3, 6, 8
Populist
Appeal
21, 23–24
Government
13, 19–20, 24, 28
Party(ies)
6, 13, 26, 34, 51
Populists
15, 23–24, 27, 34
Right-wing
3, 23–24, 26, 28
Radical Right / PRR
3–4, 6–7, 41–45, 44–49, 51–58, 65, 67, 69, 71
Support
52
Post-communist
12, 17, 45, 73–77, 92–93, 116–117, 124–127, 147, 155
Countries
17, 73–76, 93, 116, 124, 126–127
Democracies
125
Era
155
Europe
45, 126
Legacy
147
Party
45, 77
Regimes
2
Transition
92
post-socialist, former communist
Post-materialist
98
Secular-rational value
98
Self-expression value
98
Post-socialist
1, 4–5, 13, 18, 41, 92–93, 117, 124–127, 147
post-socialist, former communist
Pro-environmental
129, 132–133, 148
environmental
Pro-growth
123–124, 128–129, 147–148
Public administration
16, 20, 33
Public goods
123, 127
Quality of government
16
Radicalization of the mainstream
41
Radical right
3–4, 6, 41–49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 65, 67, 69, 71
Refugees
27, 92, 102, 116, 164
Refugee crisis
Regime
Authoritarian
7, 78–79, 82, 86, 147
Communist
10, 74, 76–77, 91, 160
Democratic
7, 16, 42, 76–78, 83, 100, 123–124, 127–128, 130
Hybrid
2, 8, 10
Political
1–2, 4–5, 7, 77–78, 83–84, 86
Totalitarian
123–124, 128
Religion
6, 18–19, 24, 27, 34, 43
Right-wing
3–4, 6, 8, 15, 23–26, 28, 30, 34, 42, 52, 55–57, 96, 98, 110, 113, 124, 129
Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) scale
129
Satisfaction with the political system
53, 55, 99, 109–110, 113, 116
Self-positioning / self-placement / orientation
Ideological
25
Left-right
21–22, 52–53, 58, 96
Slovakia / Slovak Republic
1–2, 5, 13, 18–22, 24, 26–29, 32–33, 41, 48, 51–53, 55–56, 68, 72, 75, 78, 82–85, 86, 92, 98, 101–103, 104–108, 110–115, 124–125, 132–134, 136–144, 146–147, 160–161
Slovenia
1, 5, 13, 18–22, 24, 27–28, 32–33, 75, 78, 82–86, 92, 98, 101–117, 124–125, 132–134, 136–148
Socialisation
75–76, 83–84, 97
Political
75–76, 83–84
Social conservatism
46
Socialism
1, 4–6, 12, 19, 22, 24
communism
Social issues
47
Socio-demographic variables
32, 101, 112, 132, 145, 146, 148
demographic variables
Strong leader
7, 28–29, 33, 49, 54, 64–65, 67–68, 78–86, 131, 137–139, 145–148
Support for democracy
7, 17, 29, 73–79, 81–86
political support
Thin ideology
42
Threats
1, 26, 41, 43–44, 46, 48, 95, 113, 116, 131, 137, 159, 162, 164, 165, 170
Totalitarian
Regimes
123–124, 128
Systems
124, 128
Tendencies
42
Totalitarianism
97
Traditional
Gender roles
23–25
Worldviews
23–25, 34
Traditionalist
25, 34, 48
Trust
General
18, 20, 28, 31, 32
In government
12–14, 17, 20–34
confidence in government
In political institutions
12, 18, 25, 34, 96, 110–111, 116
In public Administration/civil service
6, 21
confidence in public administration/civil service
In the European Union
4, 48n5
In the media
17, 30, 31
Political
6–7, 12–21, 23, 25, 27–34, 45–46, 98, 116
political distrust and political pessimism
Social
18, 31
Tyranny of the majority
2
Unemployment
115, 126, 130, 155, 158–159, 162, 165–166, 168–170
Variable(s)
Age
17, 32, 49, 51, 65, 66, 68, 74–75, 79–81, 83–84, 101, 130, 132, 148, 160, 166, 172
Attitudinal
101
Control
112
Country-level
19
Demographic
17, 18
Dependent
18, 47–51, 64–68, 80, 86, 100–101, 104, 112, 114, 145
Employment
32–33, 115, 126, 130, 135–136, 155, 158–159, 162, 165–166, 168–170, 172
Income
8, 17, 94, 98, 116, 131–136, 144–148, 160, 166–167, 170, 172
Independent
47–50, 80, 100–101, 112–113
Socio-demographic
51
Outcome
51
Visegrad (V4)
5, 7, 26, 46–47, 58, 92, 155
Voter(s)
6, 7, 13, 24, 26, 34, 41–42, 44–47, 51, 53, 57, 58, 76, 78, 98, 125
non-voter
Workers
126, 156, 158–160, 163, 172
Czech
159, 163, 170, 172
Foreign
8, 158–159, 162, 164–165, 168, 170–172
foreign labor
Less-qualified
165
Local
157–158, 167–168
Low-skilled
158
Migrant
159–160, 164, 166, 172
Skilled
157, 172
Welcome culture / Wilkommenskultur
123
Welfare chauvinism
3, 43, 45
Welfare state / system
73, 100, 102–104, 115
quasi-welfare state
19, 22
Worldview
16, 19, 24, 25, 34
World Value Survey (WVS)
74, 78–80
Xenophobia
42, 96