Index
ʿAbbās Ḥilmī ii, Khedive of Egypt
502, 672, 673–675
El Abbasi, Ali Bey (Badia y Leblich, Domingo)
436–440, 444, 452
Abbasid dynasty
93, 122, 123–125, 148
under specific Caliphs
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Saʿūd, King of Saudi Arabia
Wahhābīs
aeroplanes and
617
assault on
550, 592, 766, 822
authority of
469–470, 745
automobiles and
450, 467, 611, 616
British support for
430–431, 446–447, 637, 678, 685–686
congresses organised by
748–749
diplomatic efforts of
683
European travellers and
449–450, 463, 464
film footage of
564, 616
hajj in policies of
707, 709–710, 746–747
Ikhwān and
684, 686
Japanese pilgrims and
592
media offensive of
547, 552, 701–705, 829–830
Muslim unity and
748–749
on nationalism
552, 710
portraits of
563, 828
praise for
443, 710–711, 742, 743, 744, 745, 751, 826
Riḍā and
738–740, 741–742
Saudi Arabia and. see Saudi Arabia
speeches of
708–709, 748–749
Sufis and
893–894
ʿAbd al-Ghaffār
474, 560
ʿAbd al-Hādī
784
ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd i, Ottoman Sultan
54, 95, 165
Abd al-Mālik, Umayyad Caliph
122–123, 202, 247
ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jazāʾirī
416, 650, 863, 870
ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī
221–222, 310–311
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Āʾisha. see Bint al-Shāṭiʾ
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Firansī
101
ʿAbd al-Salām al-Asmar
307
ʿAbdallāh, Sultan of Morocco
150, 166
ʿAbdallāh ibn Saʿūd, Emir of Dirʿiyya
212, 435, 572–573
ʿAbdallāh i, King of Jordan
447, 679, 682, 686, 692, 694–695, 750, 786
al-ʿAbdarī, al-Ḥīḥī, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad
in general
27, 214
travelogue of
administrative aspects of hajj in
169
books / book collecting in
272
departure in
79
on female pilgrims
260
as foundational text
65
frictions / tensions in
86–87, 176–177
hajj in
65
illness / death in
87
insertions from
51, 53, 151
insertions in
50–51, 215
journey in
86–87, 110, 214–217, 218
legal / theological elements in
217–218
manāsik al-ḥajj in
217–218
Mecca in
88–89, 217
Medina in
218
motive for writing of
57
personal observations / experiences in
87
pious introduction to
214
poetry in
43, 217, 219
religious aspects in
214–219
scholars / scholarship in
86, 87–88, 214–217, 218, 265–266, 304
spiritual aspects in
303–304
ziyāra in
214, 218, 245, 303–304
mention of
21
ʿAbduh, Muḥammad
419, 420–421, 484–485, 515, 690, 847, 863
Abdul Majid, Hajj
584
Abdülhamid ii, Ottoman Sultan
429, 560, 631, 635, 636, 695, 897
Abdulkurreem, Khojeh
138, 179–180, 182
Abdullah, Munshi
583–584
ability (istiṭāʿa)
52, 167, 193, 203, 295, 623
abortion
511
Abū Numayy, Sharīf of Mecca
127, 147, 175
Abū Raʾs al-Jazāʾirī
51, 270
Abū Zayd
874
Abū l-Faraj
377, 378
Abū l-Fidāʾ, ʿImād al-Dīn Ismāʿīl
64–65, 93, 148–149
Abū l-Suʿūd
132
Abyssinian [slave] girls
106, 237, 264
Aceh insurrection (1874–1876)
416
Aceh war (1896–1903)
475
adab
in general
3, 487–488, 907
as coherent genre
18, 34
definition of
34
educational / moral component in
18, 34
al-Ghazālī and
298–299
inter-generic relationships. see inter-generic relationships
intertextuality in
34, 36, 39
modern forms of
506–507, 514–515, 519–520
poetic traditions in
37
ādāb al-safar (codes of conduct for travel)
in general
905–906
al-ʿAbdarī on
79
al-ʿAyyāshī on
79
al-Ghazālī on
72–73, 74–75
al-Ḥuḍaykī on
80
Ibn Jubayr on
79
Ibn Kīrān on
533
Ibn al-Nāṣir on
78
al-Jazīrī on
145
al-Nābulusī on
79–80
al-Nāṣirī on
78–79
religious components of
78
al-Sijilmāsī on
77–78
al-Suwaydī on
80–81
al-Warīkī on
521
mention of
42
Ādam, prophet
139–140, 249, 356, 375, 376
Eve
Aden
100–101, 164, 349, 545, 586, 815, 895, 899
administrative apparatus, of Ottoman empire
132, 162
administrative apparatus, of Ottoman empire
631–632, 681
administrative aspects of hajj
in general
183
Hijaz and
104–105, 106, 173–176, 629
al-Jazīrī on
144–148
in modern travelogues
538–543, 666
Ottoman empire and
159–160
in pre-modern travelogues
157–158, 169–170, 174
advertisements
in journalistic travelogues
547, 549, 551
in manāsik guides
558
aerdromes
467
aeroplanes
in general
450, 617
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz’s interest in
617
compared to camels
771, 773
travel by
467, 617, 618, 661, 793
Afghan pilgrims
790
al-Afghānī, Jamāl al-Dīn
420, 429, 484, 690, 776, 863
African Muslim empires
128–131
Afshar, Iraj
28
Aghwāt
243
Ahl al-Ḥadīth movement
777, 786–787, 847
Aḥmad, Labība
828–832
Aḥmad, Muḥammad
863
Aḥmad Pasha
151
aim (qaṣd)
300
ʿĀʾisha bint Abi Bakr
147
al-ʿAjlūnī, Ismāʿīl
268–269
Akbar, Mughal Emperor
99, 136–137
akhlāq (moral behaviour)
18, 34, 757, 759, 760, 763
ʿAkkā
162, 163
Āl Rashīd tribe
435, 446, 685
al-ʿAlam (journal)
895
al-ʿAlamī, ʿUmar
230
Alawi, Amir Ahmad
530–531
al-ʿAlawī, Muḥammad
607–608
al-Bīṭār, ‘Abd ar-Razzāq ibn Ḥasan
881
alchemy
899
Aleppo
182, 246, 268, 360
Alexandria
in European travelogues
365–366
in journalistic travelogues
594
in modern travelogues
502, 577, 639, 766
in pre-modern travelogues
84, 86, 216, 271, 304, 314
in Sufi travelogues
646, 852, 860, 879, 895
Algeria
colonial power in
in general
407
appreciation for
652–653
attitude towards Muslim subjects and
428
intellectuals and
653
involvement in hajj of
425, 426, 649–651, 654
resistance against
416, 650–651, 654
travelogues from. see Algerian travelogues
under specific cities
Algerian travelogues
42–43, 650–654
Alger-Républicain (journal)
653
Algiers
215, 243–244, 496, 853
Ali Bey (Bobovius, Albertus)
382–383
ʿAliye Khānom
817–818
Allah akbar (Germanus)
464
Allanson-Winn, Rowland George , 5th Baron Hedley
759
Almohad dynasty
28, 31, 85, 128
Almoravid dynasty
28, 128
alms (zakat)
105, 258, 759
alterity
26
al-Ālūsī, ʿAbu al-Thanaʾ
857–859
American Standard Oil
836
al-Amīn, Muḥsin
804–807
amīr al-ḥajj (commander of hajj caravan)
involvement in / organisation of hajj; under specific amīrs al-ḥajj
al-ʿAyyāshī on
171
historiographies on
141, 142–144, 145–146
Ibn Kannān on
172
al-Miknāsī on
172
al-Sharqī on
77
of Syrian caravans
134
al-ʿĀmirī
42, 65
Amman
614, 767–768
ʿAmmār, Abū Sālim
900–901
al-Andalusī, Sayyid al-Ḥājj ʿAbd al-Khāliq ʿĀdil
150
Andalusia
28, 51, 55, 125, 128, 168, 203, 712
anecdotes (laṭīfa; gharība)
79, 92, 191, 289–292, 338, 886
Anglo-Oriental College
819
animal sacrifices
858
Anīs al-ḥujjāj (Ibn Vali Qazvīnī)
559
annual stipends. see ṣurra
Antakya
96
anthropological / geographical elements
Algerian travelogues; Moroccan travelogues; under specific authors
in European scholarly works
369, 466
in modern travelogues
524, 593, 633, 668, 673–674
in pre-modern travelogues
under specific place names
in general
57, 65, 907
of al-ʿAbdarī
86
of Çelebi
106–107, 155–157
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
57
of Mehemmed Edib
94
of al-Murādābādī
102
women and
264
anti-colonial sentiments
in general
913
in al-Manār
739–740
in modern travelogues
of Arslān
751–752
of al-Daryābādī
647–649
of Farāhānī
580
of Ḥusayn
792
of Ibrahim, Abdürrechid
588
of Jacine
654
of al-Mawṣilī
545
of al-Muhājī
650–651
of al-Nadwī
783
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
644–645
of al-Rāʿī
757
of al-Warīkī
523
of Riḍā
664–665, 734, 739–740
in Sufi travelogues
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
853
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
646, 647, 898
of Wahhābīs
428–429
apostasy (ridda)
743
ʿAqaba
85, 87, 750
Arab League
786
Arab revolt (1916-1918)
446, 678, 685, 697–698
Arab world. see Muslim world / societies
Arabian Sea
98–99, 137
Arabic language
833, 834, 837
Arabic language texts
denouncing of
387
translations of
into European languages
372
into French
381
into Latin
373, 374, 386–387
into Ottoman-Turkish
132
Arabic travelogues
13, 19, 20–21, 23, 42
Arabs, history of
679
ʿArafāt
wuqūfs
in European scholarly works
376
in European travelogues
355, 357, 361, 364, 366, 369, 438
al-Ghazālī on
298
loudspeakers at
761, 795
in modern travelogues
526, 624
in pre-modern travelogues
256
sanitary conditions in
624
in women’s travelogues
829, 832
Aramco
796
Arḍ al-muʿjizāt: Riḥla fī jazīrat al-ʿArab (Bint al-Shāṭiʾ). see Bint al-Shāṭiʾ: travelogue
Arnold, Thomas Walker
432, 825
Arslān, Shakīb
Islamic Pilgrimage Congress and
751, 754
travelogue of
anti-colonial sentiments in
751–752
criticism on
785
illness / death in
753
journey in
751–752
manāsik al-ḥajj in
752
Mecca in
752
modern aspects in
753, 755
Muslim unity in
751, 752–753
Asad, Muhammad (Weiss, Leopold)
459–460
al-Ashʿarī, Abū Ḥasan
74
al-ʿAshʿāshī, Sīdī Muḥammad
859–861
ʿĀshūrāʾ celebrations
801, 807, 808–809, 818
Asia. see under specific countries
Asian journeys
501–502, 504–505
Askia Ḥājj Muḥammad
129, 130
al-ʿAsqilānī, al-Hafiz ibn Hajar.
197–198
Association for the Happiness of the Two Houses (Jamʿiyya Saʿādat al-Dārayn)
739
Association of Unity and Progress
646
associations ( jamāʿa; jamʿiyya)
691
al-ʿAṭṭār, Salīm
863
autobiographies
biographies
travelogues in format of
21, 52, 55, 64, 179, 292, 492–506, 537
automobiles
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz’s interest in
450, 467, 611, 616
banning of
549
in Hijaz
466, 467, 611–612, 617
import in Dutch East Indies
478
permissibility of
618
saʿy in
612–613, 703, 754, 794
travel by
in convoys
611, 613, 614–615, 616, 767
Dāwūd on
767
Dinet on
462
government supervision and
612
Ḥusayn on
793
Ibn Naṣr on
611
al-Juʿaydī al-Salawī on
595–596
Jumʿa on
773
al-Kaidi Touré on
603
al-Māzinī on
703
al-Miḍārī on
611
Shahbandar on
705–706
al-Shanqīṭī on
602
in women’s travelogues
821, 825
Yāsīn on
614–616
women driving
821
aviation. see aeroplanes
ʿAwn al-Rafīq, Sharīf of Mecca
in general
800
criticism on
668, 669, 670, 671, 688–689
praise for
512, 635
rule of
430, 445–446, 499, 687, 801
Sufis and
893–894
Sultan Jahan Begum and
815
Wahhābī influence on
685
Awrangzīb, Mughal Emperor
137
al-ʿAwrī, Muḥammad Suʿūd
708–709
ʿAydhāb
83–85, 125, 127
ʿAyn al-Māḍī
89–90, 264, 337
al-Ayyām al-mabrūra fī l-biqāʿ al-muqaddasa (Jumʿa). see Jumʿa: travelogue
al-ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbdallāh
in general
219
criticsim on
343
al-Kūrānī and
228, 230, 267, 310–312
travelogue of
in general
316–317, 909
administrative aspects of hajj in
174
books / book collecting in
230–231, 273, 303
ceremonies / festivities in
171–172, 227, 229, 256–257, 258, 310
coffee drinking in
237
departure in
79, 220
on female pilgrim
260
as foundational text
65
illness / death in
113, 227
importance of
232
insertions from
50, 51, 92, 237, 242, 338, 494, 495
insertions in
51, 61, 79, 230, 258, 307
journey in
79, 110, 112, 114, 222–223, 225, 229–231, 242
legal / theological elements in
220, 231, 233, 236, 237, 251–252
manāsik al-ḥajj in
223–224, 231
Mecca in
112, 223–225, 228–229, 255, 309, 313
Medina in
225–228, 257, 267, 310
mixed prayers in
235
motive for writing of
57–58, 231
motives for travel in
79, 219–220
pious introduction to
219
poetry / verse in
44, 225
religious aspects of
219–232
religious knowledge in
231–232
scholars / scholarship in
57–58, 222–223, 226, 228, 229, 230–231, 267, 303, 309, 310–314, 315–317
spiritual aspects in
306–317, 348
subdivisions in
46
tobacco smoking in
238, 314
ziyāra in
79, 220, 223, 308–309
mention of
28
Ayyubid dynasty
125
al-Azhar (journal)
484
al-Azhar university (Cairo)
420, 698, 781, 805, 806–807
al-ʿAzīziyya
321
al-ʿAẓm, Rafīq
691
al-ʿAẓma, Nabīh Bey
703
al-Azraqī, Muḥammad
47, 139, 473
ʿAzzām, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
506
Badāʾiʿ al-zuhūr fī waqāʾiʿ al-duhūr (Ibn Iyās)
140
al-Badawī, Aḥmad
310, 895
Baden-Poweel, Robert
781
Badia y Leblich, Domingo. see El Abbasi, Ali Bey
Badr
223, 249–250, 331, 856
Baghdad
247, 573, 650, 767, 784–786
Bagindo Dahlan Abdoellah
468
Bahmani Sultanate
136
Bakhtin, Mikhail
22–23, 66
al-Bakrī, Abū ʿUbayd (d. 1094)
47, 87
al-Bakrī, Aḥmad
151
al-Bakrī al-Ṣadīqī, Muḥammad ʿAllān
95
Baku
500, 576
al-Balawī, Khālid ibn ʿĪsā
51, 57, 109, 271, 304
Bank Miṣr
548, 683, 706–707, 830–831, 832
al-Bannā, Ḥasan
778, 785
Banū Ḥarb tribe
111–112, 572
Banū Shammār tribe
441, 445, 572
baqāʾ (permanent state of bliss)
287, 332, 333–334, 869, 870, 873, 919
al-Baqīʿ cemetery (Medina)
in general
250–251
destructions at
434, 441, 449, 462, 467
in European travelogues
449, 462, 467
in modern travelogues
534, 761–762, 789
in pre-modern travelogues
105, 225, 226, 234–235, 258
in Sufi travelogues
241, 875
baraka (blessing)
in general
248–249
permissibility of
846
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
44, 45
of al-ʿAbdarī
214, 303, 304
of al-ʿAyyāshī
225, 308–309, 313
of al-Balawī
304
of al-Darʿī
89, 337
of Ibn Malīḥ
305
of al-Isḥāqī
150, 234
of al-Miknāsī
97
as motive for hajj
60
of al-Murādī
56, 341
of al-Nābulusī
258, 321, 322
of al-Ṣanʿānī
56
of al-Sijilmāsī
77
relics and
248
Sufi belief in
283
in Sufi travelogues
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
851, 852, 853, 854
of Māʾ al-ʿAynayn
891
of al-Warīkī
855
ziyāra and
56, 199, 249, 347
Barakāt iii, Sharīf of Mecca
106, 157–158
Barakāt ii, Sharīf of Mecca
131
barnāmij (curriculum)
216, 266
Basra
784
al-Batanūnī, Muḥammad Labīb
report on Khedival hajj
in general
672
books / book collecting in
675
ceremonies / festivities in
675
on hajj routes
674
history of Hijaz / Wahhābīs in
674
journey of Khedive in
674–675
Mecca in
673–674
Medina in
675
modern approach to hajj in
676–677
political aspects in
674, 675
al-bāṭin (hidden realm)
867–868
Batum
576
Bāyazīd Beg Turkmān
98, 99, 156, 164
Baybars, Mamluk Sultan
127, 142, 147, 150–153, 170–171
al-Bayḍāwī, Nāṣir al-Dīn
47
Bayly, Christopher
412
De bedevaart der inlanders naar Mecca (Keijzer)
476
De bedevaarten naar Mekka (Herwerden)
477
Bedouins
Ikhwān
appeasement of
134
arming of
634
attack on maḥmal by
434, 682, 829
Burckhardt on
442–443
caring for camels
90
peaceful trade with pilgrim of
114
settlement of
446, 686
Shīʿī women’s views on
818
as threats to pilgrims. see threats to pilgrims
Bedwell, William
386–387
Begum Sarbuland Jang
819
Beirut
419, 427, 596, 633, 863
Bello, Muhammad, Caliph of Sokoto
712–713
Ben Chérif, Mohamed
651–653
Bergson, Henri
771
Bethlehem
218, 230, 247, 321
Bible
382, 387
Bibliander, Theodor
385–386
Bicknell, Herman
452
bidʿa (unlawful innovations)
in general
239–240, 842
al-Amīn on
806
al-ʿAyyāshī on
223, 249
al-Darʿī on
338
Ibn al-Bulayhid on
740
Ibn Taymiyya on
200, 209
al-Isḥāqī on
234
al-Nābulusī on
324, 326
al-Nadwī on
785, 788–789, 790–791
presentation of maḥmals as
682
Ṣiddīq Khān on
726–727
Bijāya
215, 266, 345
al-Bilād (journal)
547
Bilder-Atlas zu Mekka (Snouck Hurgronje)
560
Bint al-Shāṭiʾ (al-Raḥmān, Āʾisha ʿAbd)
in general
832–833
travelogue of
Arabic language in
833, 834, 837
desert in
834
modern aspects in
618, 835–836, 838
Muslim unity / solidarity in
839
religious aspects in
833–834, 837–838
Saudi Arabia in
833, 835–836
Western colonialism in
836
women’s life stories in
836–837, 838–839
biographies
autobiographies
of Muḥammad, Prophet
202, 358, 464, 515, 770
in travelogues
861–863, 878
Birkat al-Ḥaj
87, 108, 171, 539
Bishr al-Ḥāfī
96
Biskra
151, 245, 314, 342
al-Bisṭāmī, Abū Yazīd
96, 289
al-Bīṭār, Muḥammad
611
Björnståhl, Jonas Jacob
383
Black Stone (al-Ḥajar al-aswad)
compared to Rock in Jerusalem
676
in European scholarly works
373–374, 375, 392
in European travelogues
356, 366, 369
al-Ghazālī on
191–192, 199, 298
in journalistic travelogues
734, 737
in manāsik guides
554
in modern travelogues
758
in pre-modern travelogues
253, 254, 255, 339
in Sufi travelogues
873, 876
al-Tirmidhī on
300
blessing. see baraka
boats. see ships / shipping
Bobovius, Albert (Ali Bey)
382–383
Bombay
427, 687
Boniface iii, Pope
391, 393
books / book collecting
in general
272, 844, 912
al-ʿAbdarī on
272
al-ʿAyyāshī on
230–231, 273, 303
al-Batanūnī on
675
al-Darʿī on
273
Dāwūd on
766, 768
distribution of
272, 912
Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna on
853
Ibn Ubuwwa on
536
Jumʿa on
771
Koesama on
659
of al-Kūrānī
221
al-Miknāsī on
273
al-Nābulusī on
273
al-Nadwī on
787, 789–790
al-Nāṣirī on
273–274
al-Sharqī on
273
Ṣiddīq Khān on
725
al-Sijilmāsī on
273
to take on hajj
272
al-Walātī on
731
al-Warīkī on
522, 856
al-Warthīlānī on
273
Bornu Empire
129
Brémond, Édouard
656, 657, 658
Breydenbach, Bernhard von
354
bribes (rishwas)
704, 748
British consulate / consuls
362, 425, 545, 564, 573–574, 681
British Intelligence Service
692
building / restoration projects
114, 133, 141, 445, 666
al-Bukhārī
47, 198
Būlāq printing house
418, 484, 522, 525
Bulghat al-marām fī l-riḥla ilā Bayt Allāh al-ḥarām wa-ilā l-madīna al-nabawiyya (Ibn Ismāʿīl)
567–570
Bullard, Reader
681
Bulūgh al-marām min adillat al-aḥkām (Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqilānī)
197–198
Burayda
701
Burckhardt, John Lewis
440–444, 452, 471, 772
Burda (al-Būṣīrī)
in general
35, 38, 166, 339, 340, 783, 789
commentary on
223, 249
bureaucratic formalities
travel documents
in general
426, 625–626, 711
Ḥusayn Khān on
711
al-Juʿaydī on
596
Snouck Hurgronje on
475
Burton, Richard
432, 452, 772
buses. see automobiles
Bushehr
545, 606, 802
al-Būṣīrī, Abū ‘Abdallāh. see Burda
al-Bustānī, Buṭrus
863
Cabot, John
365
Cairo
al-Azhar university in
420, 698, 781, 805, 806–807
ceremonies / festivities in. see ceremonies / festivities
in European scholarly works
373
in European travelogues
354, 356, 357, 363, 365–366, 454
hajj routes from
85, 665
al-Ḥusayn mosque in
217, 246, 667, 805
in journalistic travelogues
594
Madrasa al-Kāmiliyya in
87
mazārāt in
245
in modern travelogues
of al-Amīn
804–805, 806–807
of al-Batanūnī
675
of Dāwūd
766, 768
of Ḥusayn Khān
687
of Qulī Khān Hidāyat
502
of Rifʿat Pasha
667
of al-Warīkī
521–522
of al-Zayyānī
495
Persian / Shīʿī facilities in
807
in pre-modern travelogues
of al-ʿAbdarī
86–87, 176–177, 216–217, 272, 304
of Abū Raʾs al-Jazāʾirī
270
of al-ʿAyyāshī
171–172, 222–223, 273, 309
of al-Balawī
271
of al-Darʿī
90
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
108, 181–182
of al-Isḥāqī
152–153, 245–246
of al-Murādī
339, 340
of al-Nābulusī
322–323
of al-Nāṣirī
271, 274, 343
of al-Tujībī
266–267
press sector in
419
in Sufi travelogues
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
852
of al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ
884, 886
of al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī
879
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
645, 895
of al-Warīkī
855
Calicut
583
caliphate
Abbasid dynasty; caliphs; Fatimid dynasty; Umayyad dynasty; under specific caliphs
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and
745
Ḥusayn’s candidacy for
695, 696, 745
revival of
665, 692, 698, 745, 747
caliphs
caliphate
hajj ceremonies performed by
123
legitimacy of
122
performing the hajj
123, 124, 146–147
The Cambridge History of Travel Writing (eds. Das & Youngs)
1
camels
90, 111, 361, 771, 773, 794
Canning, George
399
Caravanne du sultan à la Mecque; mascarade turque donnée a Rome par Messiers les pensionnaires de l’Académie Française et leurs amis au carnaval de l’année 1748 (Vien)
400
caravans. see hajj caravans
Carbonell, Marcellin
580
cartaz (permission)
99
categorisation / classification of travelogues
in general
2–4, 5, 17, 19–21, 27, 32–33, 35–36
as coherent genre. see coherence
as framed narratives
19, 22, 66–68
Catholicism
indulgences in
376, 393
Islam and
350–352, 385–386
pilgrimages in
386, 392–393
Protestant view on
370, 380, 386, 393
relativisation of
411
views on Islam in
354–355, 360–362, 373
Çelebi, Evliya
travelogue of
in general
103–104, 155–156
on Adam and Eve
249
administrative aspects in
104–105, 106
ceremonies / festivities in
156–157
circulation of
49
coffee drinking in
237
hajj in
65, 106
insertions in
51
journey in
104, 105, 156
Mecca in
105–106, 156–157, 158, 254–256
Medina in
104–105, 156, 158, 257–258
motives for travel in
55
personal observations / experiences in
107
political aspects in
156–159
realistic elements in
118
Siyāḥatnāma
30
women in
106, 264
ziyāra in
105, 118, 258
cemeteries
215
al-Baqīʿ cemetery
Central Asian pilgrims
427–428, 580–582
ceremonial litter. see maḥmals
ceremonies / festivities
Ramaḍān festivities
in general
170, 252, 367
in Beirut
633
in Cairo
170–172, 245–246, 354, 667, 675
in Constantinople
161
in Damascus
95–96, 162, 172–173, 246, 633
in Jericho
321
in Jerusalem
246
mandatory ritual acts
252–253
in Mecca
156–157, 229, 253–254, 324, 345, 369, 884
in Medina
156, 227, 256–257, 258, 310, 634
in Minā
162
at Ottoman court
95–96
performed by caliphs
123
proper
200
reasons for
179
in Uḥud
258
uncertainty about
123
in Yanbuʿ
668
Chale, David
470
Chalkokondyles, Laonikos
372–373
change, vs. continuity
481, 487, 492
characteristics of travelogues
coherence in. see coherence
composite nature
3, 33, 385, 727, 731
diversity. see under diversity
hajj as component
21–22, 33
idealisation of hajj in
10, 40, 42, 527, 909
pre-figuration / configuration
27–28
realism in. see realistic elements
referentiality. see referentiality
subjectivity
4, 6, 24–25, 326–327
truthfulness in
25–26, 32
‘Chemseddin el Buhouky,’
381
China
Islam in
32, 586–587
in modern travelogues
501–502
Muslim world and
585
Muslims from
768
pilgrims from
586, 590–593, 598
travelogues from
585–586
cholera
113, 426, 580, 581, 624, 911
Christianity. see Catholicism; Christians; Protestantism
Christians
interference with hajj
181
in pre-modern travelogues
181–182
in Sufi travelogues
880, 882, 888
as threats to pilgrims
98–99, 136, 137, 180, 181
travellers in Mecca
180
Chronica turca (Lonicer)
374
circulation, of pre-modern travelogues
19, 20–21, 49
circumambulation. see ṭawāfs
circumcisions
361–362
clandestine hajj
168–169, 649, 859
cleansing rituals
521–522
Clemens vi, Pope
393
Clenardus, Nicolaus
354–355
clothing / dress
coats; veiling of women
of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
450
hats
510
of Ikhwān
686, 701
of al-Rāʿī
756
veiling
811
wearing of European style
576, 882
coats (jubbas)
108, 158–159
Cobbold, Lady Evelyn
824–828
codes of conduct for travel. see ādāb al-safar
coffee drinking
emergence of
236
in modern travelogues
522
permissibility of
90, 236–237
in pre-modern travelogues
90, 237–238
coherence
inter-generic
inter-generic relationships
in general
48–49
in eastern tradition
52–53
in Maghribī tradition
50–52
palimpsestic strategies
49, 52
intra-generic
in general
61–62, 904, 910
in adab literature
18, 34
in travelogues
6, 18–19, 21–22, 31, 60–61, 62, 63–64, 65–66, 565–566
colonialism. see Western colonialism / imperialism
comments. see derogatory comments
Committee of Union and Progress (c.u.p.)
636, 691, 695
common good (maṣlaḥa)
329
communications
innovations in
407–408, 412, 418, 567
intra-Islamic
482
via telegraph, telephone and mail
407, 509, 543, 700, 731
compasses
373
complaints. see criticism
conditions during hajj. see hardships during hajj; health / sanitary arrangements / conditions; theft / robbery; weather conditions
conduct for travel. see ādāb al-safar
Conrad, Joseph
470
Constantinople / Istanbul
in European travelogues
357, 358
importance of
131
in modern travelogues
495, 576, 639
in pre-modern travelogues
160–161, 181–182, 273, 511–512
Consultative Congress (1924; Riyadh)
739
contagious diseases
113, 222, 426–427, 619
specific diseases
continuity, vs. change
481, 487, 492
controversiality. see permissibility
convents / lodges. see zāwiyas / ribāṭs / takiyyas
converts to Islam
in Europe
431–432
European
459, 461, 464, 470, 474
forced
368, 369–370
corruption
532, 752
Corvilha, Pero de
365
countries of origin of travelogues
in general
29–30
Andalusia
28, 51, 55
China
585–586
Dutch East Indies
910
Europe. see European travelogues
India
22, 29, 99
Japan
590
Maghrib. see Maghribī travelogues
Morocco
28, 42, 44, 103
Persia / Iran. see Persian travelogues
Southeast Asia
582–585
Syria
18, 910
criticism
of pilgrims
on British involvement in hajj
663
on colonial rule
464–465
on hajj conditions
442, 468, 552–553, 635
on muṭawwifs
549, 772
on overcrowdedness of masʿā
91, 251, 255, 462, 549, 793–794
on quarantines
641, 668
on sanitary contions
581, 598, 599
on taxes
598
on violence of women
812
on women of Mecca
819
on pilgrims
in journalistic travelogues
552–553, 733
in modern travelogues
569–570, 743, 754–755, 781, 788
in pre-modern travelogues
42, 88, 254, 255, 256
crusaders
83, 85, 87, 125, 180
c.u.p. (Committee of Union and Progress)
636, 691, 695
curriculum (barnāmij)
216, 266
Dalāʾil al-khayrāt (al-Jazūlī)
35, 38, 48, 166, 273, 284, 337, 531, 559, 731, 743, 905
Damascus
as centre of political power
121, 123
ceremonies / festivities in. see ceremonies / festivities
in European travelogues
456
governor of, duties of
94, 134
import hub for hajj route
93–94
mazārāt in
246
in modern travelogues
503, 513, 633, 650, 807, 863
Persian / Shīʿī facilities in
807
in pre-modern travelogues
41–42, 80, 95, 96–97, 162, 172, 182, 267, 268–269, 271, 304, 319
in Sufi travelogues
646, 881, 887, 896
in women’s travelogues
819
Dan Fodio (ʿUthmān ibn al-Fūdī)
416, 849
Dancourt, Louis Hurtaut
400
Daniel, William
359–360
Dapper, Olfert
375–377
darb Zubayda (Zubayda track)
125, 261, 612
Darfur
130, 713
al-Darʿī, Abū l-ʿAbbās
in general
89, 337
hajj companions of
81
travelogue of
administrative aspects in
169
ʿArafāt in
256
books / book collecting in
273
Christians in
90, 182
coffee drinking in
90, 237–238
departure in
89
on drums of Badr
250
insertions from
51
insertions in
51, 90, 92, 237, 242, 258, 338
introduction in
337
journey in
89–92, 182
Mecca in
91, 225, 255
Medina in
257, 258, 338
motive for travel in
89
personal observations / experiences in
92
referentiality in
9–10
spiritual aspects in
337–338
ziyāra in
90, 337–338
al-Daryābādī, ʿAbd al-Majīd
621–622, 647–649
Dawlatshīn, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
in general
639
travelogue of
in general
642–643
journey in
639–640
Mecca in
640
Medina in
640
political aspects
639–642
Dāwūd, Muḥammad
in general
765
Riḍā and
766
travelogue of
journey in
765–766, 767–768
Mecca in
766–767
Medina in
767
Muslim unity in
767, 769
religious aspects in
769
self-representation in
770
touristic elements in
766, 767
Dayr al-Zūr
808
death / afterlife
illness / death
hajj as metaphor for
57, 297, 302
Debbas album
560–561
dedications, in travelogues
666, 792, 813
democracy, as Islamic concept
771
demolition. see destructions at Holy Places
Demonstrations of Histories (Chalkokondyles)
372
departures
of Egyptian caravans
170–173, 358
in European travelogues
368
in journalistic travelogues
694, 732
in modern travelogues
770
in pre-modern travelogues
79–81, 89, 220
in Sufi travelogues
859, 883
derogatory comments, on Muslims
355, 358–359, 361, 368, 452, 455
desert, mysterious nature of
834
desire (shawq; ishtiyāq)
to visit Holy Places
in general
287, 918
of al-ʿAyyāshī
79, 219–220
as motive for travel / hajj
59, 89
stimulating of
38, 59
destructions at Holy Places
in European travelogues
433, 438–439, 441, 442, 443, 448, 449, 462
in journalistic travelogues
549
in manāsik guides
557
in modern travelogues
518–519, 530–531, 598, 758, 760–761, 774, 781, 789, 796
photographs of
560, 563, 781
in pre-modern travelogues
244, 270
rebuilding of
750
in women’s travelogues
820
Devil
220, 306–307
al-Dhahab al-masbūk fī man ḥajja min al-khulafāʾ wa-l-mulūk (al-Maqrīzī)
141–142
Dhahran
796
dhikr / adhkār (Sufi spiritual sessions)
in European travelogues
452, 455
in modern travelogues
761
music and
236, 308, 338
in pre-modern travelogues
60, 309, 310, 314, 322, 340, 344
in Sufi travelogues
855, 856, 877, 885
dialogism
23, 66
diaries / journals, travelogues in format of
525, 530, 531, 555, 571, 574, 765, 817, 906
Didier, Charles
444–445
Le dîner du Comte de Boulainvilliers (Voltaire)
395–396
Dinet, Etienne (El Hadj Nacir ed Dine)
461–463
diplomatic missions
54–55, 95, 160, 163
Diponegro revolt (1825–1830)
416
al-Dirʿiyya
210, 212, 430, 435
Dirʿiyya Emirate
under specific emirs
Ottoman empire and
211–212, 429–430, 433
disbelief, suspension of
67–68, 69
diversity
in inter-generic references
49
within Islam
239–240, 278, 798–800
of modern travelogues
488, 492, 506, 565, 906
among pilgrims
102, 103, 176, 627
of pre-modern travelogues
3, 6, 28, 63, 906
Divine immanence
282, 283
divine providence (tawakkul)
74–75, 920
documents. see bureaucratic formalities; travel documents
Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem)
246–247, 646
dreams
visions (mashhad)
anecdotes about
191
fiqh and
306
in journalistic travelogue
695
law and
220
in modern travelogues
708, 725
in pre-modern travelogues
312–313, 330, 349
dress. see clothing / dress
Druze (mountain Arabs)
94
al-Dukkālī, ʿAbd al-Jalīl
855
al-Durar al-Farāʾid al-munaẓẓama fī akhbār al-ḥajj wa-ṭarīq Makka al-muʿaẓẓama (al-Jazīrī)
144–148
Dutch East Indies
colonial power in
hajj and
425–426, 475–478, 658
reforms in
416
resistance against
416, 476
V.O.C. and
477–478
hajj sea routes from
82, 98
pilgrims from
468, 590, 591
Snouck Hurgronje in
475–476
travelogues from
910
economic aspects of hajj
427–428, 478, 680, 804
economic crisis
756, 759
education / educational systems
in Hijaz
546
improvement of
781
legal system and
721
in Ottoman empire
132
reforms in
835, 912
stimulating of
769
of women
781
Egypt
Egyptians; Mamluk dynasty
caravans from. see Egyptian caravans
colonial power in
in general
407, 415, 416
attitude towards Muslim subjects and
428
eviction of reformists by
420
partial independence of
779
resistance against
417, 777
Hijaz and
conflicts between
679
economic ties between
126
hajj and
665–666, 672, 677–678
Ikhwān attack on caravan
434, 682, 829
medical mission
625, 678, 680–681
Muḥammad ʿAlī’s campaigns. see under Muḥammad ʿAlī
re-establishment of relations
683
India and
126
involvement in hajj of. see involvement in / organisation of hajj
maḥmal / kiswa from. see under maḥmals
Muslim Brotherhood in
786
Napoleon’s invasion of
407, 638
nationalist movements in
778
printing houses in
418
reforms in
415, 418, 420–421, 522
Saudi Arabia and
682–684, 831–832
ṣurra from. see ṣurra
women’s press in
828–832
Egyptian Aviation Company
617
Egyptian caravans
in administrative travelogues
542
arrival of
173
departures of
170–173, 358
Ikhwān and
434, 682, 829
Mamluk involvement in
127–128
in modern travelogues
541, 668–669, 670
Moroccan caravans and
91, 153, 178
Ottoman involvement in
133
in pre-modern travelogues
177, 226
in al-Rashīdī’s text
143
route of
85
Saʿūdī-Wahhābī coalition and
443
security of
670–671
travelling by night
85, 91
Egyptian Maritime Company
517, 547, 551, 590, 607, 683, 792
Egyptians
176–177, 226, 245, 522, 645
Egypt
Eisenberger, Johan
477
electricity
463, 510
Elger, Ralf
18–19, 21, 30, 327
emotional aspects of hajj
religious aspects of hajj; spiritual aspects of hajj
in European travelogues
370, 455–456, 457
in journalistic travelogues
732–733, 735
Kaʿba and
41
in modern travelogues
of Abdul Majid
584
of Alawi
530
of Ben Chérif
652
of Ḥamāda
780
of Ḥusayn
793, 794
of Jumʿa
773–774
of Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ
809
of Koesama
659
of Muḥammad Bayram
498
of al-Nadwī
788–789
of Suzuki
591–592
in pre-modern travelogues
323
ṭawāfs and
41
Encyclopaedia of Islam
17, 472
Eneman, Michael
379
English language
380
Enlightenment
410
Die Entführung aus dem Serail (Mozart)
400
epidemics
113, 222, 426–427
Eskishehir
96
esoteric practices / hidden sciences
284–285, 311, 335, 849, 857, 867–868
Essaouira
521
Europe
colonialism / imperialism of. see Western colonialism / imperialism
disillusionment with
459–460, 461
dominance / hegemony of. see European dominance / hegemony
Enlightenment in
410
first mosques in
431
globalisation and
213, 350, 406, 407–408
Industrial Revolution
410, 411
influence of
in Asia
502, 504
on Muslim media
423–424, 483–484
interest in Islam
452, 911–912
European scholarly works; European travellers; European travelogues
crusaders; under specific countries
involvement in hajj of. see involvement in / organisation of hajj
literature from. see European literature
media in
419, 423–424
in modern travelogues
of Jumʿa
773, 775
of al-Rāʿī
757, 758–760, 764
Muslim travellers in. see under Muslim travellers
Muslims from
431, 452–454
Reformation in
351, 411
religious leaders in
423
respect for monuments in
758
scholarly works from. see European scholarly works
scholars / scholarship from. see European scholars / scholarship
sponsoring of hajj. see European sponsoring of hajj
Sufi influence in
850
technological knowledge from. see technology, modern
trade networks of. see under trade routes / networks
travellers from. see European travellers
travelogues from. see European travelogues
treatment of criminals in
773
European dominance / hegemony
anti-colonial sentiments; Western colonialism / imperialism
in general
9, 407–408, 479, 480, 482–483, 911
Japan and
587
Mecca and
630
Ottoman empire and
629–630
Qulī Khān Hidāyat on
504–505
religious exclusivity and
351
al-Warīkī on
525
European literature
Islam / hajj as theme in
Canning’s poem
399–400
Jonson’s play
399
Nomz’s novel
395–398
European scholarly works
on hajj
in general
401–402, 433
ʿArafāt in
376
Black Stone in
373–374, 375, 392
Cairo in
373
colonial policies and
475–476, 477
conventions for women in
383
exploitation of pilgrims
477
global vision in
479–480
Great Mosque in
392
hajj caravans in
373, 376, 385
historical development of
384, 473–474
Kaʿba in
375
legal aspects in
384
manāsik al-ḥajj in
378–379, 381, 383, 384, 389, 473–474
Mecca in
373, 375–376, 389, 391, 402, 474–475
Medina in
374
polemic elements in. see polemic elements
political aspects of
474–476, 477–478
pre-Islamic elements of
473
Prophet in
377, 381, 388–390, 391, 394
as religious obligation in
378–379, 383, 392
saʿy in
374
ṭawāfs in
374, 378–379, 381, 475
ʿumra in
384
validity / invalidity of
378, 384
Zamzam water / well in
374, 375
Islam in
corrupting influence of
476, 477
history of
390
as violent religion
476
Wahhābī revolt in
442–444
European scholars / scholarship
Muslim scholars / scholarship
on hajj
472
interest of, in Arab / Muslim world
433, 436
intermediaries to
381–382
on Islam
471–472
Muslim status of
432, 475
networks of
472
European sponsoring of hajj
in general
655
of begums of Bhopal
658
Koesama on
658–660
motives for
655
al-Rahūnī on
661–662
al-Sharshālī’s account on
657–658
al-Ṣubayḥī’s account on
655–657
European travellers
in Arab / Muslim world
in general
353, 432–433, 470
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and
449–450, 463, 464
descriptions of the hajj by. see European travelogues
disapproval of
772
female
822–823, 824–828
growing access of
468
motives for travel of
452
Muslim / European relations and
458–459, 468
Muslim status of
440, 451–452, 467
performing the hajj
442, 447, 454–455, 457, 467–468
European travelogues
in general
402, 470
Alexandria in
365–366
ʿArafāt in
355, 357, 361, 364, 366, 369, 438
authenticity of
368, 369
al-Baqīʿ cemetery in
449, 462, 467
Black Stone in
356, 366, 369
Cairo in
354, 356, 357, 363, 365–366, 454
ceremonies / festivities in
354, 367, 369
Constantinople / Istanbul in
357, 358
Damascus in
456
dhikrs in
452, 455
hajj caravans in
362–365, 366, 367, 441–442
hajj conditions in
442
hajj sea journeys in
370–371
Holy Places in
465
influence of
371–372
Jeddah in
441, 454
journey in
454–455, 456–457, 462, 464–465
Kaʿba in
367–368, 371, 457–458, 460–461
kiswa in
354, 366, 371, 467
maḥmals in
367, 454, 458, 467
manāsik al-ḥajj in
454, 458
Mecca in. see under Mecca
Medina in
353–354, 367, 448–449, 451, 455, 457, 462
orientalist perspectives in
454, 461
political aspects in
458, 465–466, 467
Prophet’s Mosque in
360, 362, 367, 439, 455
religious aspects in
453, 455, 460
saʿy in
454
scholars / scholarship in
442, 464
Sharīfian dynasty in
366
spiritual aspects in
453
stoning rites in
369, 371
Suez in
454
Sufism in
850
Syrian caravans in
444
Ṭāʾif in
441
ṭawāfs in
368, 369, 376, 437, 452
Wahhābī destructions in. see destructions at Holy Places
Wahhābī revolt in
436–439, 441–442, 444–445
Wahhābīs in
437–439, 441, 444, 447–448, 456
by women
822–823, 825–828
Zamzam water / well in
357–358, 366, 368, 369, 371
European travels
of Muḥammad Bayram v
498, 499
of Qulī Khān Hidāyat
500–501
of al-Sanūsī
509–510
Europeans, al-Warīkī on
524
Eve
249, 356, 673, 780
Evliya Çelebi. see Çelebi, Evliya
excursuses / insertions in travelogues
intermezzos; intertextuality; under specific authors
in general
33–34, 45–47, 49–52, 66, 116, 489, 490, 907
anecdotes as
79, 92
letters as
44, 80, 304
sources for
47–48
terms use for
46
exemptions from hajj
136, 154, 203–204, 521, 711–712, 878
exile
64, 651, 751, 850, 882, 918
exoticism
116, 827
expansionism. see Western colonialism / imperialism
faḍāʾil works
38
faith. see religion / religiosity; religious aspects of hajj
falsafa (philosophy)
485
fanāʾ (self -annihilation)
281, 287, 300, 332, 333–334, 343, 869, 870, 873–874
fanādiq Maghribiyya (Maghribī inns)
336
farʿ (excursus). see excursuses / insertions in travelogues
Farāhānī, Mirzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn
in general
575
travelogue of
in general
577–578
anti-colonial sentiments
580
journey in
575–577
modern elements in
578
touristic aspects in
576
farḍ. see obligation
farewell hajj (ḥajj al-wadāʿ)
120, 123, 139, 141, 145, 202, 397
farewell-circumambulation (ṭawāf al-wadāʿ)
39
al-Fāsī, Yūsuf ibn ʿĀbid
55–56, 292
fatalism
848
Fatima Begum
821
Fāṭima Fahmī
832
Fatimid dynasty
122
fatwās (legal advice)
in general
202
about exemptions from hajj
136, 154, 203–204
collections of
35, 203
hajj and
203–204
Fayrūzābādī
47
Fayṣal i, King of Iraq
447, 679, 686, 786
Febvre, Michel
360–362
Fes
85–86, 150, 304, 852, 853
Fī manzil al-waḥy (Haykal). see Haykal: travelogue of
fiction
23–24, 395, 470
Fijīj
230–231, 273
films of hajj / Holy Places
563–564
Fī l-mamlaka al-rūḥiyya lil-ʿālam al-islāmī (al-Rāʿī)
756
fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)
legal / theological elements
dreams and
306
hajj and
124, 203–204
kashf and
282, 306–307, 846
in pre-modern travelogues
46, 47, 59, 233, 535
on valid hajj
192–194
First World War
hajj and
654–655
Hijaz railway and
610, 614, 636
Ottoman empire and
636, 637, 716
fish
569
floods
114, 158
food / provisions
exchange of
495
al-Ghazālī on
74
in journalistic travelogues
550
in manāsik guides
556
in modern travelogues
530, 687, 756
in pre-modern travelogues
76, 78, 80, 108
footprints
246, 248, 250, 633
Ford Motor company
466, 612
Four Treatises
382–383
framed narratives
19, 22, 66–68
frameworks in hajj travelogues
religious framework; spatiotemporal framework
in general
5, 904
basic binary
489
interactions between
5–6, 66–67, 68–69
postponement and
67–68
France
French language
colonialism / imperialism of
in Algeria. see under Algeria
in Egypt
407, 428
in Morocco. see under Morocco
resistance against
664–665, 692, 752
in Syria
664–665, 692
in Tunisia
407, 416, 649
involvement in hajj of
in Algeria
425, 426, 649–651, 654
state sponsoring of
655–658
Islam and
663–664
Franco, Francisco
661–662
free will (ikhtiyār)
74, 228, 312
freedom
of expression
519
of the press
419
as a right
759
of rites
749–750
French language
381
friends of God
Muslim scholars / scholarship
graves of. see ziyāra
intercession by
200, 211
ranking of
298, 858
Fuʾād i, King of Egypt
779
fumigations
579, 584, 600, 620–621
functions
of genre
23–25
of travelogues
in general
27, 40–41
as gifts to patrons
19–20
as guides
553–554
Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam (Ibn al-ʿArabī)
312
Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn (Lārī)
29–30, 41, 558
al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya (Ibn al-ʿArabī)
289, 328, 857
Fuyūḍ al-Ḥaramayn (Shāh Walī Allāh). see Shāh Walī Allāh: travelogue of
Galland, Julien-Claude
381, 471
Gaza
230, 321–322
genre
categorisation / classification of travelogues; inter-generic relationships; under specific genres
coherence and. see coherence
conventions within
4, 24–25
flexible approach to
22–23
functions of
23–25
Germanus, Gyula
463–466
Germany
476, 661
Gervais-Courtellemont, Jules
452–453, 560
Ghālī, Muḥammad Ḥasan
555–557, 678–679
Ghālib, Sharīf of Mecca
211–212, 430, 433, 434, 435, 437
al-Ghassāl, al-Ḥasan
535, 620
ghazal poetry
37
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid
ʿAmmār on
901
Iḥyāʾ of
in general
72, 198–199, 282, 346
on hajj
as act of total submission
296–297
adab and
298–299
aim of
191
Black Stone
191–192, 199, 298
European scholarlty use of
374–375
external aspects of
75, 295
iḥrām
194, 297
internal aspects of
196, 295
manāsik al-ḥajj
194, 296, 374–375, 379, 381, 401
metaphorical meanings of
297–298
religious foundation of
189–191
spiritual aspects of
74–75
vs. ʿumra
193–194
understanding of rituals
374–375, 379, 381, 401, 474, 554
validity of
192–193
ziyāra
192, 195–196, 199
insertions from
47, 342, 374–375, 377
religious knowledge in
189
tone of
209–210
on travelling
72–73
Munqidh min al-dalāl of
personal trajectory in
292
on Sufism
282
Ghistele, Joos van
354, 429–430
al-Ghūrī, Mamluk Sultan
131
Gibraltar
765
global public sphere
418, 423–424, 482–483
globalisation
European influence on
213, 350, 406, 407–408
hajj and
in general
6–7, 126–127, 137–139, 406, 481, 910–911
Abbasid dynasty
124–125
African Muslim empires
128–131
Mamluk dynasty
125–128
Ottoman empire
131–135
hajj travelogues and
6–8
Islam and
6–7, 479, 844
Mecca and
469
Medina and
469
modernity and
409
nahḍa period and
418, 423–424, 481–482
Ottoman empire and
159–160
scholarly networks and
188, 204–207, 213
Sufi networks and
348
Gluck, Christoph Willibald
400
gnosis / gnostics (maʿārif)
294, 311, 312–313
Goeje, Michaël Jan de
472
gramophones
457
graves / mausoleums
destructions of. see destructions at Holy Places
of Ibn al-ʿArabī
80, 96, 319
permissibility of
740–741
of Prophet. see Prophet’s grave
visiting of. see ziyāra
Great Britain
British consulate / consuls; English language
colonialism / imperialism of
in Egypt. see under Egypt
Hijaz and. see under Hijaz
in India. see under India
press freedom and
419
shelling of Jeddah
431, 523
Sudan
417
Wahhābism and
436
Intelligence Service of
692
involvement in hajj of
427, 643–644, 655–658, 663
Great Mosque (Mecca)
in European scholarly works
392
illustrations of
379–380
loudspeakers in
518, 794
in modern travelogues
523, 780
in pre-modern travelogues
88, 251, 253, 270
in Sufi travelogues
884–885, 891
in women’s travelogues
819
Great Mosque (Paris)
431, 663–664
Great Mutiny (1857)
416, 777
Great War. see First World War
Green, Nile
279–280
guides. see muṭawwifs
Het geopende en wederleyde Muhammedisdom (Oomius)
390–392
Het groote Mekka-feest (film; Krugers)
563, 616
Hackländer, F.B.
470
ḥadith al-musalsal bilawwaliyya
271, 275
ḥadīth al-raḥma. see ḥadith al-musalsal bilawwaliyya
hadiths
in general
35
on hajj
191–192, 193–194, 195–198, 202–203
on iḥrām
197
on impersonation by Devil
220, 306–307
on manāsik al-ḥajj
197–198
in pre-modern travelogues
233, 266, 267–268, 269, 275
Riḍā on
847
as source for excursuses
47
status of
197
of ʿUmar on Black Stone
300
on visions
220
on ziyāra
195, 209, 726, 728
El Hadj Nacir ed Dine (Dinet, Etienne)
461–463
Ḥaḍramī networks
205
ḥaḍras (evening sessions)
865, 886
dhikrs
Hai Weilang, Badr al-Din
586–587
Hājar
261, 734
al-Ḥajar al-aswad. see Black Stone
hajj
transnationality of hajj
acceptability of
294–295
basic regulations for
202–203
caravans. see hajj caravans
ceremonies / festivities. see ceremonies / festivities
in Chinese Islam
32, 586
clandestine
168–169, 649, 859
combining with ʿumra
193–194, 794
comforts during
114, 548
companions. see hajj companions
as component in travelogues
21–22, 55–56, 64
death / afterlife
57, 297, 302
documents. see travel documents
in European scholarly works. see European scholarly works
in European travelogues. see European travelogues
faith / religiosity and. see religious aspects of hajj
hardships during. see hardships during hajj
historiographies on
138–140
idealisation of
10, 40, 42, 527, 909
imagined
290
Jerusalem and
247
journey part of. see hajj journeys
legal texts and
124, 203–204
meanings of
554, 663, 736–737
metaphorical meanings of. see under metaphors
motives for. see under motives
optionality of. see exemptions from hajj
origins / roots of
33, 139, 188–201
permission to perform. see permissions to perform hajj
political aspects of. see political aspects of hajj
prohibitions of
426, 464–465, 637, 649, 744
religious aspects of hajj. see religious aspects of hajj
as religious obligation. see obligation
rites / rituals. see manāsik al-ḥajj
scholars / scholarship and. see European scholars / scholarship; Muslim scholars / scholarship
significance of
733–734, 736, 795
social dimensions of. see social dimensions of hajj
souvenirs
529, 562, 584, 784
as a spatial phenomenon
917–918
spiritual aspects of. see spiritual aspects of hajj
Sufism and
287–303, 875–876, 901
symbolism of. see under symbolism
trade and
58, 82–83, 98, 100
transnationality of
912
travel conventions for. see ādāb al-safar
travelogues about. see modern hajj travelogues; pre-modern hajj travelogues
validity / invalidity. see validity / invalidity of hajj
visual culture of. see illustrations of hajj / Holy Places; photographs
of the weak and the poor
246
women and. see under women
Hajj, title of
361, 889, 891–892
hajj caravans
in general
31, 82
caretakers of
97
commanders of. see amīr al-ḥajj
in European scholarly works
373, 376, 385
in European travelogues
362–365, 366, 367, 368
Persian leaders of
802, 808
routes of. see hajj routes
under specific caravans
hajj certificates
559
hajj companions
of ʿAbbās Ḥilmī ii
672, 673
family as
81, 793
of Ḥusayn
793
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
851
of al-Karnātakī
571, 573, 812
of Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn al-ʿAtīq
890
of al-Māzinī
703
of al-Nābulusī
81
of Riḍā, Muḥyi l-Dīn
549
hajj coplas
28, 168–169
ḥajj al-ḍuʿafāʾ wa-l-masākīn (hajj of the weak and poor)
246
hajj journeys
hajj caravans; journeys: as part of hajj
in administrative travelogues
541–542
in European travelogues
454–455, 456–457, 462, 464–465
in journalistic travelogues
in general
543–544, 553
of al-Juʿaydī al-Salawī
594–596
of Mahr
551–552, 553
of al-Mawṣilī
545–546
of al-Māzinī
703
of Riḍā, Muḥyi l-Dīn
549, 607
of Riḍā, Rashīd
694, 733
in modern travelogues
in general
489–490, 567
of ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jazāʾirī
650
of Abdul Majid
584
of Abdullah, Munshi
583–584
of al-Amīn
805–806, 807
of Arslān
751–752
of al-ʿAwrī
708
of Ben Chérif
652
of al-Bīṭār
611
of Dawlatshīn
639–640
of Dāwūd
765–766, 767–768
of Farāhānī
575–577
of al-Ḥajwī
617
of Haykal
517
of Ḥusayn
793, 794
of Ḥusayn Khān
687–689
of Ibn Ismāʿīl
568–569, 570
of Ibn Kīrān
533, 534, 728–729
of Ibrahim, Abdürrechid
608
of ʿĪsā
597
of al-Juʿaydī
594–596, 621
of Jumʿa
771, 773
of al-Karnātakī
571–574, 619–620
of Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ
578–580
of Koesama
658–659
of Ma Dexin
586
of al-Miḍārī
528–529, 610, 611
of Muḥammad Bayram
498
of al-Nadwī
782–787, 790
of al-Qayṣarī
622–625
of Qulī Khān Hidāyat
502–503
of al-Rabīʿa
574–575
of al-Rāʿī
756–757, 763
of Raja Ali Hajj Riau
583
of Rifʿat Pasha
666–667, 668–669
of al-Sabʿī
525–527, 620
of Ṣabrī Bey
679
of Ṣādiq Pasha
539, 540, 541–542
of Shahbandar
705–706
of al-Shanqīṭī
602–603
of Ṣiddīq Khān
725
of al-Ṣubayḥī al-Salāwī
655–657
of Suzuki
590–592
of al-Ṭanṭāwī
613
of al-Ṭaybī
600
of al-Walātī
729–730
of al-Warīkī
520–524, 620
of Yāsīn
614–616
of al-Zayyānī
494–497, 620
modernity and
567
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
71–72, 87–88, 115–116
of al-ʿAbdarī
86–87, 110, 214–217, 218
of Abū l-Fidāʾ
64–65, 93, 149
of al-ʿAyyāshī
79, 110, 112, 114, 222–223, 225, 229–231, 242
of al-Balawī
109
of Çelebi
104, 105, 156
of al-Darʿī
89–92, 182
of Dutch East Indian pilgrims
468–469
of Ibn ʿAlwān
112–113, 247
of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa
84
of Ibn Jubayr
83–84
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
107–108, 181–182
of al-Isḥāqī
150–153, 242, 245–246
of Mehemmed Edib
94
of al-Miknāsī
96–98, 160–162, 181
of al-Murādābādī
99–103
of Nābī
41–42, 94
of al-Nābulusī
95, 111, 323
of al-Nāṣirī
110, 111–112, 242–243
of al-Sharqī
112, 115
of al-Ṣiddīqī
114
of al-Sijilmāsī
110–111, 243
of al-Suwaydī
30, 111
of al-Tujībī
84–85
radio broadcast of
553
routes taken. see hajj routes
by sea. see hajj sea routes
in Sufi travelogues
of al-ʿAshʿāshī
859, 860
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
851
of Ibn Ubuwwa
535–537
of al-Ilghī
864–865
of al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ
884
of al-Kattānī, Muḥammad al-Ṭayyib
886–888
of al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī
606, 878–879, 880–881
linked to spiritual journeys
864–876
of al-Muʿaskarī
867–871, 874–875
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
644–646, 895–896
hajj routes
Moroccan caravans
in general
82
automobiles and. see automobiles
al-Batanūnī on
674
from China
586
from Constantinople / Istanbul
577
crusaders and
83, 85, 87, 125, 180
from East Africa
600–601
from Egypt
597–600, 674
Egyptian caravans
infrastructural works along
88, 93, 125
from Iraq
571–573, 574–575, 578
from Japan
590
from Maghrib. see Maghribī caravans
from Medina to Mecca
579
from Morocco
594–596
from Persia / Iran
575–578, 802
political aspects and
119
railways and
575, 608
railways / trains
from Russia
427–428, 580–581
by sea. see hajj sea routes; ships / shipping
from Southeast Asia
582–584
from [sub] Saharan Africa
130
from Syria. see Syrian caravans
through Sinai
127
from Tunesia. see Tunisian caravans
from West Africa
602–604
hajj sea routes
in general
82, 98
from Asia
98–103, 590
from Istanbul to Jeddah
580–581
hajj souvenirs
529, 562, 584, 784
ḥajj al-wadāʿ (farewell hajj)
120, 123, 139, 141, 145, 202, 397
al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
123
al-Ḥajwī, Muḥammad
617–618
al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh, Fatimid Caliph
146
Hakluyt, Richard
365–367
Ḥalīm, Khadīja
517
al-Ḥallāj
289, 857, 874
Ḥalqat Niẓām al-Mashāyikh
894
Hama
96, 319–320
Ḥamāda, Abbās Mutawallī
780–782
ḥamladārs (Persian caravan leaders)
802, 808
Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph von
436
Ḥamza
519
Ḥamza, Fuʾād
548, 549, 550, 563, 662, 831
Ḥanafīs
521–522
hands, cutting off of
700
Hanotaux, Gabriel
453–454
Hanssen, Peter
394–395
al-Ḥaqīqa wa-l-majāz fī l-riḥla ilā l-Ḥijāz (al-Muʿaskarī). see al-Muʿaskarī: travelogue
al-Ḥaqīqa wa-l-majāz fī al-riḥla ilā l-Shām wa-Miṣr wa-l-Ḥijāz (al-Nābulusī). see al-Nābulusī: travelogues
Ḥaramayn
Mecca; Medina
status of
711
al-Harawī, ʿAlī ibn Abī Bakr
318
Ḥarb, Muḥammad Ṭalʿat
467, 517, 683, 792
hardships during hajj
theft / robbery; weather conditions
in administrative travelogues
541, 542
alleviation of
793
in European travelogues
454
in journalistic travelogues
546, 552, 734
in modern travelogues
of Ben Chérif
652
of Dawlatshīn
640
of al-Karnātakī
571–573
of Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ
579–580
of al-Qayṣarī
624–625
of al-Rabīʿa
574–575
of al-Sabʿī
525, 526–527
of Ṣabrī Bey
679
of al-Sanūsī
512, 513
of al-Warīkī
520–521, 523–524
of Yāsīn
614–615
of al-Zayyānī
494
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
109, 116–117
of al-Balawī
109
of al-Darʿī
90, 91–92
of Dutch East Indian pilgrims
469
of Ibn ʿAlwān
247
of Ibn Jubayr
84
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
108–109
of al-Muṣʿabī
43
of al-Tujībī
84–85
during sea journeys
109, 136, 426–427, 520–521, 580–581
in women’s travelogues
824
harems
263, 454, 826, 827, 837
Hārūn al-Rashīd, Abbasid Caliph
124, 141, 146, 261
Ḥasan al-Baṣrī
38
Ḥasan Pasha
156
Hastings, Warren
432
hats, wearing of
510
al-Hayʾa al-ʿUlyā li-l-Lajna al-Lā-Markaziyya (High Organisation of the Commission of Decentralisation)
664–665, 692
Ḥayāt Muḥammad (Haykal)
464, 515
Haykal, Muḥammad Ḥusayn
in general
514
biography of Prophet by
464, 515
travelogue of
changing orientation in
519
historical information in
518–519
journey in
517
Mecca in
517–518
modern elements in
519–520
revitalisation of Islam in
516
on Wahhābīs
516, 517, 518–519
mention of
831
al-Haythamī, Ibn Ḥajar
47
health / sanitary arrangements / conditions
in general
618–619
fumigations and
579, 584, 600, 620–621
in Hijaz
426, 625, 705–707
in Jeddah
623, 705
in Mecca
623–624, 706, 752, 829
in Medina
705
pilgrims on
541, 581, 598, 599, 635, 640
quarantines and. see quarantines
responsibilities for
622, 625, 632
on ships
580, 619, 623, 651, 679
spread of diseases
113, 222, 426–427, 619
contagious diseases; under specific diseases
in women’s travelogues
813
the heart’s journey (al-safar al-bāṭin)
73
Hedley, 5th Baron
759
herbs, eating of
227
Hermes (Greek deity)
304
Herwerden , J.P. van
477
al-Ḥibrī, Muḥammad
859–861
hidden realm (al-bāṭin)
867–868
High Organisation of the Commission of Decentralisation (al-Hayʾa al-ʿUlyā li-l-Lajna al-Lā-Markaziyya)
664–665, 692
Hijaz
Holy Places
administrative aspects of hajj and
104–105, 106, 173–176, 629
automobiles in
466, 467, 611–612, 617
central function of
188, 710
cultural life in
599–600
Egypt and. see under Egypt
Great Britain and
430–431, 446–447, 637, 678, 685–686
health / sanitary situations in
426, 625, 705–707
mazārāt in
249, 250–251
migration to. see under migration
Ottoman empire and. see under Ottoman empire
rebellions (1631) (1670) in
143–144, 156–157
Saʿūdī-Wahhābī control of. see Saudi Arabia; Wahhābī revolts; Wahhābīs
security / insecurity in. see under security / insecurity
Sufi lodges in
302–303
zāwiyas in
893
al-Ḥijāz (journal)
458
Hijaz railway
railways / trains
in general
609
construction of
430, 609, 610, 636
destruction of
462, 610, 614, 636
in European travelogues
456–457
al-Ḥusaynī on
609–610
in modern travelogues
546, 652, 675, 808
opening of
575
Riḍā, Rashīd on
738
in Sufi travelogues
896
ḥikam (meanings of the hajj)
554, 663, 736–737
Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiyyah
582
al-Hilāl (journal)
551
al-Hilālī, Taqī l-Dīn
782, 784–787
Hims
96, 248, 319
Ḥirāʾ, cave of
288, 549, 760
historical contexts of travelogues
4–5, 6–8, 13, 20, 27, 33
globalisation; political aspects of hajj
historiographies
on amīr al-ḥajj
141, 142–144, 145–146
on Bedouins as threat
146
on hajj
138–140
manāsik al-ḥajj in
144
political aspects of hajj in
in general
140–141
in al-Jazīrī’s text
144–148
in al-Maqrīzī’s text
141–142, 148
in al-Rashīdī’s text
142–144, 148
on Qurʾan
138–139
holiday, hajj as
548–549
touristic aspects in travelogues
The Holy Cities of Arabia (Rutter)
447–451
Holy Places
Abbasid authority over
125
building / restoration projects at
114, 133, 141, 445, 666
desire to visit. see desire
destructions in. see destructions at Holy Places
economic position of
121
in faḍāʾil works
38
films of
563–564
hierarchy of
192
histories of
139–140
illustrations of. see illustrations of hajj / Holy Places
in Iraq
571
Jāwā community in
207, 582
madhhabs at
798
Ottoman authority over
133, 135, 165
Persian presence in
136
photographs of. see under photographs
political aspects and
119
religiosity / faith and
208
scholars settling in
102, 154, 207, 319, 582, 711
spiritual vs. spatial aspects of
288
waqfs and. see waqfs
under specific Holy Places
Holy Years, concept of
393
Hoog, P.H. van der
470
Hotel Miṣr
550
al-Ḥudayda
568, 583–584
al-Ḥuḍaykī, ʿAbdallāh
travelogue of
on drums of Badr
250
frictions / tensions in
177
insertions in
235
manāsik al-ḥajj
235
Medina in
257
provisions in
80
religious aspects in
80
on women
80, 264
ziyāra in
80
Ḥujjat Allāh al-bāligha (Shāh Walī Allāh)
328–329
al-Hujwīrī
293–294
human agency, secular ideas of
411
Humāyūn, Mughal Sultan
164
Hürrem Sulṭān
263
Ḥusayn, Aḥmad
founding Miṣr al-Fatāt by
778, 791
travelogue of
anti-colonial sentiments in
792–793
emotional aspects in
793, 794
introduction in
792
journey in
793, 794
Mecca in
793–794
Medina in
793
Muslim unity in
795
political aspects in
795–796, 797
significance of hajj in
795
social dimensions in
795, 797
Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī (grandson of Prophet)
122, 433
Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, Sharīf of Mecca
in general
679, 800
abolishing ṣurra
458
appointment of
689–690, 695
British support for
430–431, 446–447, 637, 678, 685–686, 690
candidacy for caliphate of
695, 696
European sponsoring of hajj and
658
loss of power of
682
medical mission and
625, 678, 680–681
Muslim unity and
748
Riḍā and
696, 697–698, 738–740, 741
Ḥusayn Khān, Aḥmad
606, 687–689
al-Ḥusayn mosque (Cairo)
217, 246, 667, 805
Ḥusayn Pasha
157
al-Ḥusaynī, Muḥammad ʿĀrif
609–610
Ḥusn al-ṣafā wa-l-ibtihāj bi-dhikr man walā imārat al-ḥajj (al-Rashīdī)
142–144
Ibāḍīs / Ibāḍī pilgrims
42–43, 65, 151, 222, 241–243
Ibn ʿAbbād al-Rundī
294–295
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Muḥammad
207, 210–212
Ibn ʿAlwān, Murtaḍā
112–113, 247
Ibn ʿAmmār
243–244
Ibn al-ʿArabī
in general
204
ʿAmmār on
901
grave / mausoleum of
80, 96, 319
insertions from
58, 338
opponents / defenders of
283
philosophy of. see unity of being
works of
289, 312, 328, 857
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Muḥammad
in general
1–2
travelogue of
circulation of
19, 49
compared to Ibn Jubayr’s text
17
as foundational text
17, 18, 50–51
hajj in
21, 55, 64
insertions from
51
insertions in
34, 50
journey in
84
motives for travel in
55, 906
al-Rukhkh in
26
mention of
29
Ibn Bishr
434, 435
Ibn al-Bulayhid, ʿAbdallāh
740–741
Ibn Buwayhid
518
Ibn al-Fāriḍ
289, 322
Ibn Fūdī
207
Ibn Ḥazm
202
Ibn Idrīs, Aḥmad
893
Ibn Isḥāq
202
Ibn Ismāʿīl, Yaḥyā ibn Muṭahhir
in general
568
travelogue of
illustrations in
561
insertions in
569
journey in
568–569, 570
legal / theological elements in
570
Mecca in
569–570
modern elements in
570
political aspects in
570
religious aspects in
569
Ibn Iyās
140
Ibn Jubayr
in general
1–2
travelogue of
administrative aspects of hajj in
169
ceremonies / festivities in
246, 253–254
Christian pirates in
180
compared to Ibn Baṭṭūṭa’s text
17
departure in
79
on female pilgrims
259–260
as foundational text
18, 50–51, 83
hajj in
65
insertions from
50–51
insertions in
33–34, 253
journey in
83–84
Mecca in
88, 253–254
motives for travel in
54, 906
ziyāra in
249, 250
Ibn Kannān al-Ṣāliḥī, Muḥammad
140, 172–173
Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
55, 64, 510
Ibn Kīrān, Al-Ṭayyib ibn Abī Bakr ibn
in general
532
travelogue of
journey in
533, 534, 728–729
legal / theological elements in
532, 535, 727–728
manāsik al-ḥajj in
533–534
Mecca in
534
Medina in
534, 728
personal observations / experiences in
728–729
pious introduction to
533
religious aspects in
533, 728
self-representation in
729
Ibn Malīḥ, Abū ʿAbdallāh
28, 305
Ibn Nāṣir, Muḥammad
336
Ibn Naṣr, Muḥammad
611, 743
Ibn Rushayd al-Fihrī l-Sabtī
28, 39–40, 51, 61, 64, 266
Ibn Rushd
203–204
Ibn Rustum, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
242
Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ, al-Ḥājj ʿAbdallāh
in general
107
travelogue of
ceremonies / festivities in
172, 246
Christians in
181–182
on decline of Islam
168
hajj in
55, 64
illness / death in
108
journey in
107–108, 181–182
Medina in
258, 259
motives for travel in
55, 906
spiritual aspects in
304
ziyāra in
182, 304
Ibn Saʿūd. see Abd al-ʿAzīz ibn Saʿūd, King of Saudi Arabia
Ibn Taymiyya, Aḥmad
in general
199–200, 204
on hajj rites
208–209
Kitāb iqtiḍāʾ of
201, 203
Manāsik al-ḥajj of
208–209
on Shīʿī pilgrims
240–241
on spirituality
279
on tawassul
723
on ziyāra
200, 209
Ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Sharqī. see al-Sharqī
Ibn Ṭufayl
381
Ibn Ṭulūn
140
Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna, Aḥmad al-Muṣṭaf
851–854
Ibn Ubuwwa, Muḥammad Yaḥyā
in general
535
travelogue of
illness / death in
536
insertions in
536
journey in
535–537
legal / theological elements in
536
scholars / scholarship in
535–536, 537
Sufi networks in
536, 892
mention of
506
Ibn Vali Qazvīnī
559
Ibn al-Zubayr, Caliph
122–123, 141
Ibrahim, Abdürrechid
506, 588, 608, 644
Ibrāhīm, prophet
139–140, 182, 218
Ibrāhīm Pasha
573
ʿīd (proper festivals)
200
idealisation of hajj
10, 40, 42, 527, 909
identity, Arab / Muslim
422–423, 716, 775, 777–778, 837, 913
Idrīs, prophet
304
Idrīs ibn ʿAlī, Sultan of Burnu
147
Idrīs ii, Sultan of Morocco
150
ifṭār, moment of
731
iḥrām (ritual dress)
in European travelogues
454
al-Ghazālī on
194, 297
hadiths on
197
in modern travelogues
517, 533, 600, 792
places for donning of
85, 87, 101, 104, 197, 217, 584
in pre-modern travelogues
234
Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn (al-Ghazālī). see under al-Ghazālī
ijāzas (certificates)
266, 344–345, 863, 887, 888–889, 908
ijtihād (Qur’an interpretations)
kashf vs.
282
legitimacy of
211
taḥqīq and
307
taqlīd vs.
202, 231, 805
ikhtiyār (free will)
74, 228, 312
Ikhwān
Wahhābīs
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and
684, 686
clothing of
686, 701
creation of
446, 686
Egyptian caravans and
434, 682, 829
in European travelogues
447, 465
in journalistic travelogues
701
loss of influence of
684, 686
in modern travelogues
575, 592, 618, 739, 742–743
in women’s travelogues
826–827
ikhwāniyyāt (social poetry)
45
Ilā arḍ al-nubuwwa (al-Ṭanṭāwī)
613
al-Ilghī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī
864–865
illness / death
death / afterlife
in administrative travelogues
542
in modern travelogues
in general
619
of al-Amīn
806, 807
of Arslān
753
of al-ʿAwrī
708–709
of Dāwūd
766
of Ḥusayn Khān
688–689
of al-Karnātakī
571, 573, 619–620
of al-Miḍārī
529, 620
of al-Nadwī
788, 790
of al-Qayrawānī
700
of al-Qayṣarī
624
of al-Sabʿī
526, 527, 620
of Sulaymān Shafīq
634
of Suzuki
592
of al-Tāmrāwī
620
of al-Walātī
730
of al-Warīkī
620
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
113, 116–117
of al-ʿAbdarī
87
of al-ʿAyyāshī
113, 227
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
108
of al-Miknāsī
97
of al-Nābulusī
113, 324
of al-Nāṣirī
113
in Sufi travelogues
of al-ʿAshʿāshī
860
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
853
of Ibn Ubuwwa
536
of al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī
880
of Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn al-ʿAtīq
891
illustrations of hajj / Holy Places
under photographs
in general
558–559
in Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn (Lārī)
558
of Great Mosque
379–380
in travelogues
525, 559, 561, 569
ʿilm al-bāṭin (inner science)
857
imagination
67, 302
imagined hajj
290
imperialism. see European dominance / hegemony; Western colonialism / imperialism; under specific countries
India
under specific authors
colonial power in
in general
103, 776
hajj and
424–426, 816
Islam and
776
reforms of
407
resistance against
416, 429, 777
Egypt and
126
hajj sea routes from
82, 98
Khilāfat movement in
429, 605, 698, 745, 777
legal system of
721
nationalist movements in
777–778
partition of
779
pilgrims from. see Indian pilgrims
travelogues from
22, 29, 99
Indian Ocean
26, 98–99, 135, 137, 180
Indian pilgrims
426, 479, 582, 604, 605, 643, 742, 750, 765–766
Indië en de bedevaart naar Mekka (Eisenberger)
477
Indonesia. see Dutch East Indies
indulgences, in Catholicism
376, 393
Industrial Revolution
410, 411
infrastructural works
88, 93, 125
inner science (ʿilm al-bāṭin)
857
Inqilāb (journal)
551
inspection tours (delegations)
632–636, 639–643
intellectuals, modern
journalists; Muslim scholars / scholarship; ʿulamāʾ; under specific intellectuals
in general
849, 912
activism of
777
colonialism and
653
media and
419–420, 486–487
meetings with
767, 768–769, 787, 791, 844, 863, 908, 915
nahḍa debates and
419–422
networks of
423, 486
secular orientation of
419–420
intercession. see tawassul
inter-generic relationships
categorisation / classification of travelogues; coherence; intertextuality
travelogues and
in general
17, 22, 26–27, 45, 62, 908
adab literature
18, 19, 20, 22, 34, 37, 45, 487–488, 506
legal-religious literature
35
spiritual / devotional literature
35
intermezzos
in prose
43, 45–48
in verse
36–40, 43–45, 47, 217, 219, 225, 512, 520–521, 600, 601
intertextuality
excursuses / insertions in travelogues
in general
24, 25, 66, 116, 488
in adab literature
34, 36, 39
in hajj travelogues
in general
49–52
adab literature
34, 36
poetry
33–34, 36–40
sources of
47–48
involvement in / organisation of hajj
administrative aspects of hajj; amīr al-ḥajj
in general
137, 141, 167–168
African Muslim empires and
129–131
Ayyubid dynasty and
169
of Egypt
in general
665–666
criticism on
679
investments in
683
modern vision
672, 675–677, 678
renewed interest in
538–543, 666–672
revision of
684
of Europe
Dutch East Indies; France; Great Britain
in general
11, 138, 180–183, 352, 407–408, 477–479, 604, 637–638, 911–912
colonial networks
427–428
economic bonuses of
427–428
harm to imperial interest and
643
quarantine facilities
427
quota on numbers
425–426, 475–476
return tickets
425
sanitary conditions
424–426
Wahhābism and
428–429
al-Jazīrī on
145
Mamluk dynasty and
126–128, 169
of Mughal empire
98, 99, 136–137, 163–164, 816
of Ottoman empire
in general
147–148, 168, 671
ceremonies / festivities
95–96
control of
133–135, 208
criticism on
169
end of
636
reforms of
632, 635
sanitary conditions
622, 632
of Russian empire
427–428, 580, 638–639, 642–643
Sufis and
336
Iran. see Persia / Iran
Iraq
447
ʿĪsā, Aḥmad Ibrāhīm
travelogue of
in general
599–600
journey in
597
Mecca
597, 598
Medina in
598
political aspects in
597–598
scholars / scholarship in
597–598
secular elements in
597
al-Isḥāqī, Abū Muḥammad
al-ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbdallāh
in general
150
travelogue of
ʿArafāt in
256
ceremonies / festivities in
245–246
on drums of Badr
250
hajj in
65
insertions in
51, 150, 151, 154, 233
journey in
150–153, 242, 245–246
Khannātha in
150–151
legal / theological elements in
154, 233–235
Mecca in
153–154, 256
pious introduction to
150
political aspects in
155
religious aspects
150
scholars / scholarship in
151–152, 154
ʿUthmānī Qur’an in
248–249
ziyāra in
150–151, 152, 234–235
ishtiyāq. see desire
Iskenderun
96, 162
Islam
Shīʿism; Sufism; Sunnism
Catholicism and. see under Catholicism
in China
32, 586–587
European apologists for
377–378
European interest in
452
European views on
471–472
figurative art in
558
France and
663–664
globalisation and
6–7, 479, 844
history of
in European scholarly works
390
pilgrims and
248
ideologisation of
690, 777
jurisprudence. see fiqh
legal traditions within. see madhhabs
missionary activities of
588–589
orthodoxy in. see orthodoxy
as a patchwork of several religions
373
Protestantism and. see Protestantism
rationalism and
771, 847–848
reformulation of. see reformulation of Islam
religious diversity within
235, 239–240, 243, 278, 798
secularism and
753
social embedding vs. textual primacy in
847
Spain and
661
state authority and
133
Sufism as supplement to
279–280, 295
Sufism
women in
826, 827, 836–837, 839
reforms
al-Islām (journal)
670
Islamic Conference (1910; Mecca)
545
Islamic Conference (1938; Mecca)
592
Islamic Congress (1926; Mecca)
748–749
Islamic Pilgrimage Congress (1926; Mecca)
in general
748–749, 800
discussion at
budget for annual meetings
751
on freedom of rites
749–750
on practical hajj matters
749, 750
diversity of interests at
750–751
Shīʿī participation in
810
Islamic Revival Congress (fictional)
747
Islamic world. see Muslim world / societies
Islamophobia
461
Ismāʿīl, al-Ḥamīdī
555
Ismāʿīl, Sultan of Morocco
150
Ismāʿīlī Shīʿīs
100
isnāds (chains of transmission)
275, 847
Istanbul. see Constantinople / Istanbul
istikhāra (consulting God)
74, 89, 228, 259, 285, 494, 568, 571, 578, 866
istiṭāʿa (ability)
52, 167, 193, 203, 295, 623
ittiḥād (mystical union with God)
282–283
Iznik
559
Jabla
320
jabr (predestination)
74, 228
Jacine, Kateb
653–654
Jahāngīr, Mughal Emperor
137
Jamāʿa al-Islāmī
778, 782, 790
jamāʿa; jamʿiyya (associations)
691
Jamʿiyya Saʿādat al-Dārayn (Association for the Happiness of the Two Houses)
739
Jamʿiyya al-Shūrā l-ʿUthmāniyya (Society of the Ottoman Council)
691
Jamʿiyyat al-ʿilm wa-l-Irshād (Society of Knowledge and Guidance)
692
Jamʿiyyat al-Jamāʿa al-ʿArabiyya (Society of Arab Association)
691–692
Janissaries
135
al-Janna, Aḥmad Ṭuwayr
620
Japan
hajj travelogues from
590
Islam and
587–588
Muslim travellers to
502, 588–589
Muslim world and
589–590
pilgrims from
589–591
reforms in
587
Java Film Company
563, 616
Jāwā community
207, 582
al-Jawziyya, Ibn Qayyim
38–39, 40
al-Jazīrī, ʿAbd al-Qādir
144–148, 262
al-Jazūlī. see Dalāʾil al-khayrāt
al-Jazzār, Aḥmad Pasha
162
Jeddah
European community in
825
European trade networks and
430
in European travelogues
441, 454
health / sanitary conditions in
623, 705
in journalistic travelogues
of al-Māzinī
703
of Riḍā
733
in manāsik guides
556
mazārāt in
249
in modern travelogues
of al-Amīn
806
of Arslān
751
of al-Batanūnī
673
of Dāwūd
766
of Ḥamāda
780
of Ibn Ismāʿīl
568, 569
of ʿĪsā
597
of Jumʿa
771
of Kazem Zadeh
803
of Koesama
659
of al-Miḍārī
528
of Muḥammad Bayram
498
of al-Nadwī
790
of al-Qayṣarī
623
al-Rāʿī on
757
of Rifʿat Pasha
667
of al-Sanūsī
512
of Shahbandar
705
of Suzuki
591
of al-Ṭaybī
600
of al-Walātī
730
Persian consul in
803
in pre-modern travelogues
229, 468
in Sufi travelogues
871, 884, 890
violent incident in
431, 523
in women’s travelogues
812, 825, 832
Jericho
321
Jerusalem
mazārāt in
246–247
in modern travelogues
768
in pre-modern travelogues
218, 230, 314, 321
relocating hajj to
247
in Sufi travelogues
646
Jews
768
jihad
167, 476, 648, 661, 712–713, 786–787
al-Jīlānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir
221–222, 310–311
al-Jinān (journal)
863
Jonson, Ben
399
journalistic travelogues
by men. see under specific journalists
overview
828–832
by women
821, 824, 828–832
journalists, meetings with
767, 769, 790, 844, 915
journals / diaries. see diaries / journals
journals / newspapers
under photographs
establishment of
912–913
in Europe, Muslim
431
in Muslim world
under specific journalists; under specific newspapers
establishment of
418–419, 483
European influence on
419, 423–424, 482–484
hajj accounts in
543–544, 693
political / religious orientation of
544
reforms and
420–421, 484–485
religious debates in
420, 484
journeys
Asian journeys; European travels; hajj journeys; travelling
miraculous
290
as part of hajj
in general
81–82, 118, 904, 905, 919
al-Ghazālī on
194
religion and
72
al-Juʿaydī al-Salawī, Idrīs ibn Muḥammad
in general
593–594
travelogue of
journey in
594–596, 621
Medina
595
modern elements in
595, 596
political aspects in
595
secular elements in
594, 596–597
touristic aspects in
594
jubbas (coats)
108, 158–159
Juhayna tribe
111
Juḥfa
217
Jumʿa, Muḥammad Luṭfī
biography of the Prophet by
770
travelogue of
departure in
770
emotional aspects in
773–774
introduction in
770
journey in
771, 773
manāsik al-ḥajj in
772–773
Mecca in
772–773
Medina in
773–774
modern aspects in
771, 773, 775
self-representation in
774
jurisprudence. see fiqh
Kaʿba
kiswa (silk covering of Kaʿba)
in Chinese travelogues
585
collapse of part of
114
in European scholarly works
375
in European travelogues
367–368, 371, 457–458, 460–461
in journalistic travelogues
734, 735
models of
289
in modern travelogues
517, 523, 534, 772
personal emotions and
41
photographs of
706
in pre-modern travelogues
153, 253, 255, 339
in Sufi travelogues
872–874, 876, 900–901
symbolic status of. see under symbolism
Truth of the
331–332
al-Kaidi Touré, al-Hajj
603
Kalābādī
289–290
kalām (theology)
206
Kamal, Ahmad
754–755
Kamāl al-Dīn Ḥusayn
28
Kamarān. see under quarantines
Kano
536
Karachi
551
Karak
634
Karbala
433, 571, 808
Karīmī merchant class
126
al-Karkanī, Abū Qāsim
309–310
al-Karnātakī, Muḥammad
in general
571
travelogue of
illness / death in
571, 573, 619–620
journey in
571–574, 619–620
Medina in
573
political aspects in
573–574
wife in
812
kasb (appropriation of agency)
57, 74, 228, 312, 313
kashf (visionary insights)
visions
in general
347
fiqh and
306–307, 846–847
as ikhlāṣ
857
al-Sanūsī on
509
taḥqīq and
206, 220, 231, 282, 306–307, 846
Kashf al-maḥjūb (al-Hujwīrī)
293–294
Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ, Muḥammad al-Ḥusayn
in general
578
travelogue of
in general
580
emotional aspects in
809
journey in
578–580
Mecca in
808
Medina
808–809
modern elements in
580
quarantines in
621
al-Kattānī, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy
884
al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ
in general
883
travelogue of
ceremonies / festivities in
884
departure in
883
journey in
884
Mecca in
884–885
modern aspects in
886
quarantines
886
self-representation in
886
spiritual aspects in
885–886
Sufi networks in
885
mention of
507
al-Kattānī, Ibn Jaʿfar
714
al-Kattānī, Jaʿfar ibn Idrīs
877
al-Kattānī, Muḥammad al-Ṭayyib
886–888
al-Kattānī family
416–417, 651, 877, 888
al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī, Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar
in general
877–878
anecdote about
886
exile of
882
travelogue of
in general
651, 878, 882–883
biographical sketches in
878
illness / death in
880
insertions in
878–879
introduction in
878
journey in
606, 878–879, 880–881
Mecca in
879–880
quarantines in
621, 880
scholars / scholarship in
879–881, 882
Sufi networks
879, 880, 881, 882
Sufism and orthodoxy in
882
tobacco smoking in
878–880
Kattāniyya order
651, 877
al-Kawākibī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
747
Kawkab al-ḥajj fī safar al-maḥmal baḥran wa-sayrih barran (Muḥammad Ṣādiq)
541
Kazem Zadeh, Hossein
606, 802–804
Keane, John
452
Keijzer, Salomo
476
Kemal, Mustafa (Atatürk)
636–637, 744, 783
Kemal, Namik
429
Khabāyā al-zawāyā (al-ʿUjaymī)
302–303
Khadīja, Princess
467
Khaldūniyya college (Tunnis)
416
Khālid ibn Sinān
245
Khālid ibn Walīd
96
al-Khalīl
218, 321
Khalīl ibn Isḥāq ibn al-Jundī
47, 59, 154, 203, 526, 527, 535
Khalwatiyya order
322, 344
Khān, Ḥusayn
621
Khan, Sayyid Ahmed
819
Khannātha bint Bakkar (Moroccan princess)
150–151
al-Kharaqānī, Abū l-Ḥasan
290–291
Khartoum
600
Khatun (journal)
821
Khayr al-Dīn Pasha
415–416, 497, 511
Khedival Mail Line
605, 606–607, 640, 679, 756
Khilāfat movement
429, 605, 698, 745, 777
Khiṭaṭ al-Maqrīzī
141
al-Khūlī, Amīn
832
khumūl (passivity)
661, 699, 792, 848
al-Kibrīt al-Madanī, Muḥammad
18, 20–21, 53, 65, 114
Kirkpatrick, James
432
kiswa (silk covering of Kaʿba)
Kaʿba
in general
47, 127, 170–171
in European travelogues
354, 366, 371, 467
in in al-Jazīrī’s text
147
in modern travelogues
667, 772–773
in pre-modern travelogues
153, 171, 172, 225
Kitāb al-ḥajj (al-Ghazālī). see under al-Ghazālī
Kitāb al-ḥajj wa-asrārih (al-Tirmidhī)
299–301
Kitāb iqtiḍāʾ al-ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm mukhālafat aṣḥāb al-jaḥīm (Ibn Taymiyya). see under Ibn Taymiyya
Kitāb al-ishārāt ilā maʿrifat al-ziyārāt (al-Harawī)
318
Kitāb mukhtaṣar fī akhbār al-bashar (Abū l-Fidāʾ)
64–65, 93, 148–149
Kitāb al-riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya wa-l-riyāḍ al-unsiyya (al-Qaddūmī)
537
Kitāb shawqnāma (Lārī)
29
knowledge
Muslim scholars / scholarship
chains of transmission and
271, 275
chains of transmission of Sufi see silsilas
exchange of
187–188, 204–207, 214
travelling to acquire
25, 27, 56, 73, 509
Koesama, Wiranata
658–660
Konya
96
Kordafan
713
Kōri, Shōzo
589–590
Krugers, Georg
563, 616
Küçük Kaynarca, Treaty of (1774)
407
al-Kuntī, al-Mukhtār
536
al-Kūrānī, Ibrāhīm
228, 230, 238, 267, 310–312
al-Kūrānī, Muḥammad
221–222, 328
al-Lakhmī
154
Lane, Edward William
471
Lanja
545
al-Lārī, Muḥyi l-Dīn
29–30, 41, 558
Latin language
373, 374, 386–387
Lawrence, T.E.
462, 824
al-Layth
569
Le Bon, Gustave
677
Le Boulicaut, Albert
453–456
Le Chatelier, Alfred
892–894
League of Nations
792
Leblanc, Vincent
369
legal compendiums (mukhtaṣars)
203
legal schools. see madhhabs
legal / theological elements
fiqh; manāsik al-ḥajj
in modern travelogues
in general
532–533, 538
of Ibn Ismāʿīl
570
of Ibn Kīrān
532, 535, 727–728
of al-Qaddūmī
537
of al-Rāʿī
760–762
of al-Ṭaybī
601
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
46, 233, 243, 251
of al-ʿAbdarī
217–218, 219
of al-ʿAyyāshī
220, 231, 233, 236, 237, 251–252
of al-Ḥuḍaykī
235
of Ibn ʿAmmār
243–244
of al-Isḥāqī
154, 233–235
limited scope of
63
of al-Nābulusī
236
real environment and
235–236
of al-Sharqī
244
of al-Sijilmāsī
244
of al-Warthīlānī
59, 236, 244
in Sufi travelogues
536, 888
legal traditions. see fatwās; fiqh; mukhtaṣar
legal-religious literature
35
legitimation
of state authority
in general
119, 122, 130–131, 140
Abbasid dynasty
123–124
African Muslim Empires
129–130
ceremonies / festivities and
170
Mughal empire
136
Ottoman empire
131–132, 133, 135, 799
Umayyad dynasty
122–123
Leiden University Library
472
Lesage, Alain-René
400
letters (correspondence)
44, 80, 304
letters, science of
284–285
libraries. see books / book collecting
Libya
417
al-Liḥya
101
Lincke, Dorothea von (Malmignati, Douska)
823
Lindsay, Hilarie
824
literacy, of women
818
literati. see intellectuals, modern
Lithgow, William
358–359
lithography prints
559
al-Liwāʾ (journal)
895
Lonicer, Philipp
374
Lord Jim (Conrad)
470
lorries. see automobiles
loudspeakers
518, 761, 794, 795
luggage
77, 78, 756, 782, 813
al-Luʾluʾa al-fāshiyya fī l-riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya (al-Sarghīnī l-Ḥasanī). see al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ: travelogue
Luther, Martin
386
Ma, Dexin
586
Ma, Ibrahim
598
Ma, Wanfu
586
Māʾ al-ʿAynayn family
889
Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn al-ʿAtīq
651, 889–892
Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn shaykh Muḥammad Fāḍil
889
Māʾ al-ʿAynayn, Muḥammad
889
Māʾ al-mawāʾid (al-ʿAyyāshī). see al-ʿAyyāshī: travelogue
Mā raʾaytu wa-mā samiʿtu min Dimashq ilā Makka (al-Ziriklī)
714–715
Maʿān
615, 634, 750
maʿārif (gnosis / gnostics)
294, 311, 312–313
Mabrūk, Miss
548–549
Madāʾin Ṣāliḥ
427
al-Madanī, Ḥasan Ẓāfir
861
madhhabs (legal schools)
in general
201–202
differences between
798
in Medina
228
mixed prayers and
235, 240
Madrasa al-Kāmiliyya (Cairo)
87
Maghrib
caravans from. see Maghribī caravans
circulation of travelogues in
19
pilgrims from. see Maghribī pilgrims
Sufi orders in
336
travelling tradition
28, 31
travelogues from. see Maghribī travelogues
Maghribī Broadcasting Organisation
553
Maghribī caravans
83–93
in European travelogues
441–442
organisation of
168
in pre-modern travelogues
of al-ʿAbdarī
86–87
of al-Darʿī
89–92
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
107–108
of al-Tujībī
84–85
Saʿūdī-Wahhābī interference with
441–442
Maghribī inns ( fanādiq Maghribiyya)
336
Maghribī pilgrims
136, 154, 521, 711–712, 878
Maghribī travelogues
in general
20–21, 22, 909
foundational works
17, 50–51, 65
intra-generic coherence in
50–52
spiritual aspects of hajj in
337–345, 348–349
textual excursuses in
46–47
al-Mahdī, Abbasid Caliph
141
Mahdist revolt (1881–1889)
417
maḥmals (ceremonial litter)
in general
173
from Egypt
in general
47
attack on
434, 682, 829
suspension of
678, 680–681, 757, 758
symbolism of
127
in European travelogues
367, 454, 458, 467
Ibn Kannān on
172–173
in modern travelogues
540, 541, 633, 635, 666–667, 803
in pre-modern travelogues
171
Shajara al-Durr and
261–262
Mahr, Ghulām Rasūl
551–553, 812
majdhūbs (ecstatic Sufis)
307, 308, 309, 319, 320, 324
malaria
705, 766
Malaysia
98, 207, 910
Mali Empire
129
Mālik ibn Anas
47
al-Mālik Nāṣir, Mamluk Sultan
129
Mālikīs
521–522
Malmignati, Douska (Lincke, Dorothea von)
823
Maltzan, Heinrich von
433
Mamluk dynasty
125–128, 169, 170–171
al-Manār (journal)
Riḍā, Rashīd
aim of
484–485
Arslān publishing in
752
al-Bannā and
778
founding of
420–421
Hijaz railway in
609, 738
influence of
421, 486, 777
message of
691
political aspects of hajj in
738
question section in
421, 486, 737
survey on hajj in
737–738
terminology used in
485–486
on Wahhābīs
697
mention of
456
al-Manār printing house
547
Manāsik (Khalīl)
154
manāsik guides
in general
40–41, 203
distribution of
490, 554, 732, 736
by Ghālī
555–557
by al-Ḥamīdī
555
by Maẓhar
557–558
practical instructions in
556–557
prohibited by Wahhābī-Saʿūdī law
557
by Riḍā, Rashīd
554, 732, 736–737
as tourist guides
558
Manāsik al-ḥajj; aḥkāmuh wa-ḥikamuh (Riḍā)
554, 732, 736–737
manāsik al-ḥajj (hajj rites)
legal / theological elements; under specific rites / rituals
in general
251, 275
automobiles and
612–613, 703, 754, 794
codification of
198
in European scholarly works
378–379, 381, 383, 384, 389, 473–474
in European travelogues
454, 458
freedom of
749–750
al-Ghazālī on
194, 296, 374–375, 379, 381, 401
guides / manuals. see manāsik guides
hadiths on
197–198
in historiographies
144
Ibn Taymiyya on
208–209
impenetrability of
374–375, 379, 381, 401, 474, 554
in journalistic travelogues
733, 734–735
in modern travelogues
of Arslān
752
of al-Ghassāl
535
of Ibn Ismāʿīl
569
Ibn Kīrān on
533–534
of Jumʿa
772–773
of Kazem Zadeh
803
of al-Rahūnī
662–663
Ṣiddīq Khān on
726
of al-Walātī
731
in Nomz’s novel
396–398
in pre-modern travelogues
of al-ʿAbdarī
217–218
al-ʿAyyāshī on
223–224, 231
al-Ḥuḍaykī on
235
of al-Isḥāqī
154, 233–234
of al-Sharqī
76
in Qur’an
190
reforming instead of abolishing
377, 387, 397–398, 401, 473
for Shīʿīs
803
in Sufi travelogues
865, 871–874, 887
for women
260
Manāsik al-ḥajj (Ibn Taymiyya). see under Ibn Taymiyya
Manchuria
587
Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians (Lane)
471
Mansā Mūsā
129, 130, 131, 141, 147
Mansū Walī
128–129
manẓūm poetry
40
al-Maqqarī, Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
21, 28, 51, 52–53, 64
al-Maqrīzī, Taqī l-Dīn
47, 141–142, 148
al-Marīnī, Muḥammad
553
maritime traffic. see ships / shipping
Marrakesh
85–86, 851, 855
Marseille
594
Marwān i, Umayyad Caliph
123
Marx, Karl
504
masʿā
overcrowdedness of
91, 251, 255, 462, 549, 793–794
pavement of
772
Mascara
868–869
Mashriq
18, 19, 30, 315, 327
maṣlaḥa (common good)
329
Masque of Augurs (Jonson)
399
master-disciple relationship
285
al-Mawdūdī, Abū l-ʿAlā
777, 785, 791
mawlid al-nabī (Prophet’s birthday)
95, 152, 243–244, 321
mawlids. see ceremonies / festivities; mawlid al-nabī
al-Mawṣilī, Sulaymān
545–547
Maysara (hill near ʿAyn al-Māḍī)
342–343
mazārāt (places for visitation)
ziyāra; under specific places
in general
244–245, 248
authenticity of
251–252
guidebook on
318
in Hijaz
249, 250–251
for Shīʿī pilgrims
247
for Sunnī pilgrims
245–247
in Syria
325
Maẓhar, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
557–558
al-Māzinī, Ibrāhīm
612–613, 702–705
Mecca
illustrations of hajj / Holy Places
ashrāf of
156–157
building / restoration projects at
114
buying / selling property in
154
chief qadi of
740–741
in Chinese travelogues
585
cholera epidemic in
624
congresses / conferences in
545, 748–749, 754
destructions in. see destructions at Holy Places
European dominance and
630
in European imagination
352–353
in European scholarly works
373, 375–376, 389, 391, 402, 474–475
in European travelogues
354–355, 356, 357–358, 361–362, 366, 368, 369, 436–437, 441, 442, 447–448, 451, 457, 460–461
flooding of
114, 158
al-Ghazālī on
192
globalisation and
469
health / sanitary conditions in
623–624, 706, 752, 829
Hotel Miṣr in
550
illustrations of
559
“Javanese” community in
475, 477
in journalistic travelogues
545, 552, 703–704, 733
loss of political status of
121, 123
in manāsik guides
556, 557
markets in
158–159
mazārāt in
251
miraculous journeys to
290
in modern travelogues
in general
908
of al-Amīn
806, 807
of Arslān
752
of al-ʿAwrī
708, 709
of al-Batanūnī
673–674
of Ben Chérif
652
of Dawlatshīn
640
of Dāwūd
766–767
gifts brought from Hijaz in
529
of Ḥamāda
780–781
of Haykal
517–518
of Ḥusayn
793–794
of Ḥusayn Khān
688
of Ibn Ismāʿīl
569–570
of Ibn Kīrān
534
of Ibn Naṣr
743
of ʿĪsā
597, 598
of Jumʿa
772–773
of Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ
808
of Koesama
659
of al-Muhājī
651
of Muḥammad Bayram
498
of al-Nadwī
788
of al-Qayṣarī
623–624
of Qulī Khān Hidāyat
503
of al-Rabīʿa
743
of al-Rahūnī
662–663
of al-Rāʿī
757
of Raja Ali Hajj Riau
583
of Rifʿat Pasha
667
of al-Sabʿī
526
of Ṣādiq Pasha
540
of al-Sanūsī
512
of Shahbandar
706
of Ṣiddīq Khān
725
of Sulaymān Shafīq
634–635
of Suzuki
591
of al-Ṭaybī
600
of al-Walātī
730
of al-Warīkī
523, 856
of al-Zayyānī
495, 496
moral situation in
442
in Nomz’s novel
396–397
non-Muslim travellers to. see under non-Muslim
pre-Islamic history of
139–140
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
251, 908
of al-ʿAbdarī
88–89, 217
of Abū l-Fidāʾ
149
of al-ʿAyyāshī
112, 223–225, 228–229, 255, 309, 313
of Çelebi
105–106, 156–157, 158, 254–256
of al-Darʿī
91, 225, 255
of Dutch East Indian pilgrims
469
of Ibn Jubayr
88, 253–254
of al-Isḥāqī
153–154, 256
of al-Murādābādī
101–102, 165, 269, 349
of al-Murādī
339
of Nābī
42
of al-Nābulusī
256, 271, 324
of al-Nāṣirī
255, 271, 342
of Shāh Walī Allāh
331
of al-Sharqī
255
of al-Takrūrī
271, 306
of al-Tujībī
248
of al-Warthīlānī
345
routes to Medina from
540
royal Mughal ladies in
137, 164
Saʿūdī-Wahhābī control of
212, 407, 429–430, 434, 436
scholarly networks and
207
spiritual status of
5, 121, 124
in Sufi travelogues
of al-ʿAshʿāshī
860
of al-Ilghī
865
of al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ
884–885
of al-Kattānī, Muḥammad al-Ṭayyib
887
of al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī
879–880
of Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn al-ʿAtīq
890–891
of al-Muʿaskarī
872–874
of al-Warīkī
523, 856
in women’s travelogues
812, 823–824, 826, 829, 832
mechanics, European
612, 617
media. see journals / newspapers
Median
615
medical missions
physicians
of Egypt to Hijaz
625, 678, 680–681
Riḍā on
739
Medina
illustrations of hajj / Holy Places; photographs
ashrāf of
165–166
ceremonies / festivities in. see ceremonies / festivities
chief qadi of
156
in Chinese travelogues
585–586
destructions at. see destructions at Holy Places
eating herbs growing in
227
in European scholarly works
374
in European travelogues
353–354, 367, 448–449, 451, 455, 457, 462
al-Ghazālī on
298
globalisation and
469
graves / mausoleums. see al-Baqīʿ cemetery
health / sanitary situations in
705
illustrations of
559
in journalistic travelogues
595
in manāsik guides
556
markets in
158–159
mazārāt in
250–251
in modern travelogues
in general
908
of Alawi
530–531
of al-Amīn
806
of al-Batanūnī
675
of Dawlatshīn
640
of Dāwūd
767
of Ḥamāda
781
of Ḥusayn
793
of Ibn Kīrān
534, 728
of ʿĪsā
598
of Jumʿa
773–774
of al-Karnātakī
573
of Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ
808–809
of al-Miḍārī
529
of al-Nadwī
788–789
of al-Qayṣarī
625
of al-Rahūnī
663
of al-Rāʿī
761–762
of Raja Ali Hajj Riau
583
of Ṣādiq Pasha
539
of al-Sanūsī
512, 862–863
of Shahbandar
705
Ṣiddīq Khān on
725
of Sulaymān Shafīq
634
of al-Ṭaybī
601
of al-Walātī
730
of al-Warīkī
524, 856
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
250–251, 908
of al-ʿAbdarī
218
of Abū l-Fidāʾ
149
of Abū Raʾs
270
of al-ʿAyyāshī
225–228, 257, 267, 310
of Çelebi
104–105, 156, 158, 257–258
of al-Darʿī
257, 258, 338
entering of
250, 257
of al-Ḥuḍaykī
257
of Ibn ʿAlwān
247
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
258, 259
of al-Murādābādī
165–166, 269–270, 875
of al-Murādī
339–340
of al-Nābulusī
257, 258, 323–334
of al-Nāṣirī
112, 258, 259
of al-Sharqī
259
of al-Suwaydī
258, 271
routes to Mecca from
540
Saʿūdī-Wahhābī control of
407, 429–430, 434
spiritual status of
121
in Sufi travelogues
of al-ʿAshʿāshī
860
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
852–853
of al-Kattānī, Muḥammad al-Ṭayyib
887
of Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn al-ʿAtīq
891
of al-Muʿaskarī
875
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
646, 896–898
of al-Warīkī
524, 856
in women’s travelogues
815, 823
Mehemmed Edib ben Mehemmed
94
Mehmed vi, Ottoman Sultan
382
Mekka (Snouck Hurgronje)
474–475
Het Mekkaansche feest (Snouck Hurgronje)
472–473
Meknes
150
Merinid dynasty
85
metaphors
hajj as
57, 293–294, 297–298
in pre-modern travelogues
333
in Sufi literature
38
al-Miḍārī, Sīdī Muḥammad al-Tawzānī
in general
528
travelogue of
gifts brought from Hijaz in
529
illness / death in
529, 620
journey in
528–529, 610, 611
Mecca in
528
Medina in
529
modern elements in
530
realistic elements in
530
migration
from Africa
713
to Hijaz
102, 154, 207, 468, 582, 711, 714–715
al-Miknāsī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
in general
54, 95, 160
travelogue of
in general
97–98
books / book collecting in
273
ceremonies / festivities in
95–96, 161, 162, 172
hajj in
56, 65
illness / death in
97
insertions in
51, 53, 96–97
journey in
96–98, 160–162, 181
motives for travel in
54–55
personal observations / experiences in
97
political aspects in
162–163
ziyāra in
96
‘al-Mīmiyya’ (al-Jawziyya)
38–39, 40
Minā
in European travelogues
355, 449
mazārāt in
251
in modern travelogues
528, 598, 624, 761, 766, 803
in pre-modern travelogues
112, 162, 223–224
sanitary conditions in
624
in Sufi travelogues
880
mīqāt (places for donning iḥrām )
85, 87, 101, 104, 197, 217, 584
miracles
healings
113–114
Kalābādī on
290
in pre-modern travelogues
304, 307, 319, 320, 322, 341, 345
in Sufi travelogues
859
miʿrāj (Prophet’s heavenly journey)
884
Mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn: al-riḥlāt al-Ḥijāziyya wa-l-ḥajj wa-mashāʿiruh al-dīniyya (Rifʿat Pasha). see Rifʿat Pasha: travelogue
Mirʾāt al-jazīra al-ʿArabiyya (Ayyūb Ṣabrī Pasha)
632
Mirza, H.A. and sons
560–561
Mirzā Aṣghar Khān, Atabek
500
Miṣr al-Fatāt
778, 791
Misratā
152, 274, 308
missionary activities
588–589
mixed prayers
235, 240
Mocha
101
modern hajj travelogues
pre-modern hajj travelogues; specific authors of travelogues
in general
505–506
adaptation of
564–565
anthropological / geographical elements in. see anthropological / geographical elements
as autobiographies
492–506, 537
coherence in
565–566
continuity vs. change in
481, 487, 492
conventional elements in
507, 508–509, 513–514, 627
dedications in
666, 792, 813
diversity of
488, 506
journeys in. see under hajj journeys
modern and conventional elements in
507–509
modern elements in
497, 499, 505, 570, 627
modernity
official obligations in. see official obligations
in poetry / verse
507
publications of
490–491
realistic elements in. see realistic elements
referentiality in
566
touristic elements in. see touristic elements
modernity
communications; technology, modern; transport
in Chinese Islam
586–587
concept of
409–412
culture and
411–412
European expansion and
7, 407, 604
hajj and
409, 564–565, 911–912
in journalistic travelogues
553, 703, 704–705, 736
in modern travelogues
in general
755, 841
of Arslān
753, 755
of al-ʿAwrī
708
of al-Batanūnī
676–677
of Farāhānī
578
of Haykal
519–520
of Ibn Ismāʿīl
570
of Jumʿa
771, 773, 775
of Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ
580
of al-Miḍārī
530
of Muḥammad Bayram v
499
of Qulī Khān Hidāyat
505
of al-Rahūnī
661–662
of al-Rāʿī
763–764
of Ṣabrī Bey
700
of al-Sanūsī
509, 514–515
from Southeast Asia
585
of al-Warīkī
524–525, 605
of al-Zayyānī
497
Ottoman empire and
412
in Sufi travelogues
645, 647, 899
Sufism and
848–850, 902–903
traditions and
4, 405, 409–410, 424
women performing hajj and
811
in women’s travelogues
618, 813, 835–836, 838
Mohammed, of the hervorming van de Arabieren (Nomsz)
395–398
Molla Nasreddin (journal)
588
Monçon, Puey
168
Montagu, Lady Wortley
826, 827
Mopti
602
moral behaviour (akhlāq)
18, 34, 757, 759, 760, 763
Moriscos
28, 168–169
Moroccan caravans
Maghribī caravans
in general
77
Egyptian caravans and
91, 153, 178
organisation of
85–86, 128
in pre-modern travelogues
177, 178, 230
Saʿūdī-Wahhābī interference with
435, 443
Moroccan pilgrims
90–91, 119, 155, 163, 169, 177, 245, 607, 661, 689, 798, 806
Moroccan travelogues
28, 42, 44, 103
under specific authors
Morocco
caravans from. see Moroccan caravans
colonial power in
416–417, 649
legal system of
721
pilgrims from
Moroccan pilgrims
female royal
150–153
religious revival in
160
travelogues from. see Moroccan travelogues
mosques
192, 431
under specific mosques
motives
for travel / hajj
in general
53–54, 59, 60–61, 73, 905
of al-ʿAbdarī
906
to acquire knowledge
25, 27, 56, 73, 509
of al-ʿAyyāshī
79, 219–220
of al-Balawī
57
of Çelibi
55
of al-Darʿī
89
desire as
59, 89
in European travelogues
452
of Ḥamāda
780
of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa
55, 906
of Ibn Jubayr
54, 906
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
55, 906
of al-Miknāsī
54–55
morality as
58–59
of Muḥammad Bayram
498
of al-Murādābādī
99
of al-Nābulusī
56, 208, 318
piety as
56–57, 60
of al-Qalaṣādī
57
al-Sanūsī on
509
of Shāh Walī Allāh
208
trade and
58
of al-Tujībī
906
Walī Allāh
208
Wanderlust and
55
al-Warīkī on
521, 855
of al-Warthīlānī
58
for writing autobiographies
493–494
for writing travelogues
in general
60–61
of al-ʿAbdarī
57
of al-ʿAyyāshī
57–58, 231
of al-Nāṣirī
58
of al-Warthīlānī
59
motor cars. see automobiles
Mouradgea d’Ohsson, Ignatius
383–384, 471
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus
400
Mu, Huan
585–586
al-Muʿaskarī, al-ʿArabī ibn ʿAbdallāh
in general
865–866
travelogue of
Arab history in
875
insertions in
866
introduction in
866
journey in
867–871, 874–875
lack of reformism in
876
life and religious descent of
869
linked trajectories in
866–874
manāsik al-ḥajj in
871–874
Mecca in
872–874
Medina in
875
Sufi thought in
869–875
Muʿāwiya, Umayyad Caliph
122
Mufākahat al-khillān fī ḥawādith al-zamān (Ibn Ṭulūn)
140
Mughal empire
in general
7
female royal pilgrims from
137, 164, 262, 812–816
involvement in hajj of
98, 99, 136–137, 163–164, 816
legitimacy of
136
Ottoman empire and
137, 164
Portugal and
137
rise of
135
Sharīfian dynasty and
137
al-Muhājī, Muḥammad al-Ṭayyib
650–651
Muḥammad, Prophet
biographies of
202, 358, 464, 515, 770
birthday of. see mawlid al-nabī
eulogies of
35
European views on
in Nomz’s novel
395–398
in Protestantism
386, 388–390, 391, 394
in scholarly works
377, 381
farewell hajj of
120, 123, 139, 141, 145, 202
footprints of
248, 250, 633
grave of. see Prophet’s grave
permission to perform hajj and
120
reforming instead of abolishing rites by
377, 387, 397–398, 401, 473
stealing of body of
104–105
in visions / dreams
331–332, 333, 349
Muḥammad ʿAlī, Pasha of Egypt
campaigns in the Hijaz
212, 430, 435, 631, 666, 675, 685, 800
European travellers and
436, 441
at Islamic Pilgrimage Congress
749, 750
performing the hajj
442
reforms of
407, 415, 418, 522, 666, 721
al-Warīkī on
856
Muḥammad Bayram v al-Tūnisī
497–499, 508, 892
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdallāh, Sultan of Morocco
95, 150, 151, 160, 493, 494
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
433, 436, 444–445, 741
Muḥammad ibn Saʿūd, Emir of Dirʿiyya
210, 433
Muḥammad Shāh, Mughal Emperor
165
Muhammedis imposturae (transl. Bedwell)
386–387
mujāwirūn (residents)
102, 154, 207, 582, 711
Mukhtaṣar (Khalīl)
47, 59, 203, 526, 527, 535
mukhtaṣars (legal compendiums)
203
Mūlāy Ismāʿīl, Sultan of Morocco
89, 337
Mūlāy Sulaymān, Sultan of Morocco
436, 493
Multaqaṭ al-riḥla min al-Maghrib ilā al-Ḥaḍramawt (al-Fāsī)
292
Munqidh min al-dalāl (al-Ghazālī). see under al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid
al-Muqaṭṭam (journal)
547
muqawwimūn (caretakers of the caravan)
97
al-Muqtaṭaf (journal)
706
Murād iii, Ottoman Sultan
137
Murād i, Ottoman Sultan
182
al-Murādābādī, Mawlānā Rafīʿ al-Dīn
travelogue of
in general
29, 103, 174
ʿArafāt in
256
hajj in
65
insertions in, lack of
52
journey in
99–103
Mecca in
101–102, 165, 269, 349
Medina in
165–166, 269–270, 875
mixed prayers in
235
motives for travel in
99
on Persian presence in Holy Places
136
personal observations / experiences in
101–102, 103
political aspects in
165–166
scholars / scholarship in
99–100, 269–270
spiritual aspects in
349
al-Murādī, ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn ʿAlī
travelogue of
hajj in
56, 65
insertions from
51
introduction in
339
Mecca in
339
Medina in
339–340
scholars / scholarship in
339
spiritual aspects in
340–342, 348
tobacco smoking in
340–341
ziyāra in
339–340
Murshid al-ḥajj (Maẓhar)
557–558
Mūsā, prophet
321
al-Muṣʿabī
42–43, 65, 242
Musāḥaba rūḥāniyya bayn al-ʿālamayn
386–387
Mushāhadātī fī Jazīrat al-ʿArab (Ḥusayn). see Ḥusayn: travelogue
music, permissibility of
236, 307, 338, 757
Muslim Brotherhood
778, 784, 786, 791
Muslim ibn Ḥajjāj
47, 198
Muslim identity, colonialism and
653, 659–660
Muslim scholars / scholarship
European scholars / scholarship; intellectuals, modern; journalists
Azeri / Kurdish
206
in European travelogues
442, 464
exchange of knowledge by
187–188, 204–207, 214
hajj and
187–188
legal system and
721
in modern travelogues
of ʿĪsā
597, 599
media and
491
of al-Sanūsī
512, 513
of al-Walātī
729–731
networks of. see scholarly networks: Muslim
pilgrims’ encounters with
in general
214–215, 265, 908
ʿAbd al-Salām on
885
al-ʿAbdarī on
215–217, 218
al-ʿAyyāshī on
228, 230, 267
Ibn Ubuwwa on
536
as motive for hajj
906
al-Nābulusī on
323
al-Nāṣirī on
344
al-Suwaydī on
268–269
al-ʿUjaymī on
302–303
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
59–60, 275
of al-ʿAbdarī
86, 87–88, 214–217, 218, 265–266, 304
of Abū Raʾs
270
of al-ʿAyyāshī
57–58, 222–223, 226, 228, 229, 230–231, 267, 303, 309, 310–314, 315–317
of al-Balawī
271
consolation of
491
of al-Isḥāqī
151–152, 154
of al-Murādābādī
99–100, 269–270
of al-Murādī
339
of al-Nābulusī
271, 303, 321, 323
of al-Nāṣirī
58, 271
of Nāṣir-i Khusraw
56
of al-Sharqī
267–268
of al-Suwaydī
268–269, 271
of al-Takrūrī
271, 305–306
of al-Tujībī
266–267
of al-Warthīlānī
59
in Sufi travelogues
of Ibn Ubuwwa
535–536, 537
of al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī
879–881, 882
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
645
Muslim travellers
in Asia
501–502, 504–505
in Europe
498, 499, 500–501, 502, 509–510
in Muslim world. see under specific travellers
Muslim unity / solidarity
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and
748–749
hajj and
544–545, 546–547, 627, 798, 913
Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and
748
in journalistic travelogues
544–545, 546–547, 552
in modern travelogues
of Arslān
751, 752–753
of Dāwūd
767, 769
of Ḥamāda
781
of Ḥusayn
795
of Kamal
754–755
of Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ
808
of al-Rāʿī
758, 761
nationalism and
779
societies for
747–748
in Sufi travelogues
898
in women’s travelogues
825, 839
Muslim world / societies
Muslims; specific countries; specific ruling houses / dynasties
China and
585
colonialism and. see Western colonialism / imperialism
connections between regions of
82
decline of
747
European travellers in. see European travellers
exchange and interaction in
32
expansion of
119–120
fragmentation of
28–29, 31–32, 685–686
Japan and
589–590
journals / newspapers in. see journals / newspapers
modern intellectuals in. see intellectuals, modern
modernity and. see modernity
printing houses in
418
al-Rāʿī on
764
scholars / scholarship in. see Muslim scholars / scholarship
treatment of criminals in
773
unity in. see Muslim unity / solidarity
use of term society in
485
Muslims
Muslim scholars / scholarship; Muslim travellers; Muslim world / societies
derogatory comments on
355, 358–359, 361, 368, 452, 455
diversity among
102, 103, 176, 627
from Europe
431, 452–454
European relations with
458–459, 468
migration of. see migration
pilgrims. see pilgrims
unity of. see Muslim unity / solidarity
Muṣṭafā, Muḥammad
700–702
muṭawwifs (guides)
allocation of
591, 802–803, 829
criticism on
549, 772
oppression by
670
supervision of
702
Mutiny (1857)
416, 777
al-Muwaṭṭaʾ (Mālik)
47
Muẓaffar ii, Sultan of Gujarat
98
Muẓaffar Shāh, Sultan of Gujarat
29
Muzaffarid dynasty
136
al-Muzayrib
162, 633
Muzdalifa
112
mysticism
279–280, 334
mythology
139
Nābī, Yūsuf
travelogue of
in general
30
on Dome of the Rock
246–247
journey in
41–42, 94
Mecca in
42
title of
27
verse form of
41
mention of
51, 65
Nablus
321
al-Nābulusī, ʿAbd al-Ghanī
in general
18, 20, 22, 30, 205, 317–318
hajj companions of
81
short polemical writings by
272
on Sufism
206
travelogues of
in general
317–318, 324–325
books / book collecting in
273
ceremonies / festivities in
258, 321, 324
departure in
79–80
emotional aspects in
323
hajj in
56
illness / death in
113, 324
insertions from
53, 96–97
insertions in
44, 53, 318, 323
internal aspects in
325
journey in
95, 111, 323
legal / theological elements in
236
Mecca in
256, 271, 324
Medina in
257, 258, 323–334
motives for travel in
56, 208, 318
personal observations / experiences in
325–326
poetry in
43–44
political aspects in
327–328
religious aspects in
326
scholars / scholarship in
271, 303, 321, 323
spiritual aspects in
319–325, 348
subjectivity in
326–327
tobacco smoking in
238–239
ʿUthmānī Qur’an in
248–249
ziyāra in
43–44, 56, 79–80, 319, 321–322
Nādir Shāh, Shah of Iran
176
Nadwat al-ʿUlamāʾ
777
al-Nadwī, Masʿūd ʿĀlim
in general
782
al-Hilālī and
784–787
travelogue of
anti-colonial sentiments in
783
books / book collecting in
789–790
emotional aspects in
788–789
illness / death in
788, 790
journey in
782–787, 790
Mecca in
788
Medina in
788–789
political aspects in
783, 786, 790, 791
religious aspects in
790–791
Nafḥ al-ṭīb (al-Maqqarrī)
51, 52–53
nahḍa (renaissance)
communications; journals / newspapers; reforms; transport
definition of
417–418
globalisation and
418, 423–424, 481–482, 487
in Hijaz
699–700
secular / religious debates during
in general
419–421
Arab / Muslim identity
422–423
Arab / Muslim traditions
422
emulation of European models
421–422
al-Nahḍa al-nisāʾiyya (journal)
828–832
Naḥḥās, Muṣṭafā
683
al-Nahrawālī, Quṭb al-Dīn
98, 139, 249–250
Najaf
247, 767
Najd
210, 211, 433, 434, 435, 445
Najdī tribes
Najdī tribes
434, 437–438, 445, 446, 447
Najd; Saʿūdī-Wahhābī coalition; Wahhābīs
names, of villages
870
Naples
509–510
Napoleon i, Emperor of the French
407, 428, 638
Naqshbandiyya order
205–206, 309–310, 315, 343, 881
al-Nāṣir Muḥammad, Mamluk Sultan
64, 149
al-Nāṣirī, Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad
travelogues of
books / book collecting in
273–274
hajj in
65
illness / death in
113
insertions from
50, 51
insertions in
51, 53, 58, 342
journey in
110, 111–112, 242–243
Mecca in
255, 271, 342
Medina in
112, 258, 259
mixed prayers in
235
motive for writing of
58
personal observations / experiences in
78–79
rites contrary to orthodoxy in
342–343
scholars / scholarship in
58, 271, 344
spiritual aspects in
342, 343–345, 348
tobacco smoking in
238
mention of
28
Nāṣir-i Khusraw
19, 27, 28, 56, 272, 503
Nāṣiriyya order
in general
168, 336, 337, 338
zāwiyas of
55, 89, 337, 342
nationalism
Muslim unity / solidarity
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz on
552, 710
in India
777–778
in modern travelogues
779, 782
nationalist groups. see political / nationalist groups; under specific groups
nation-states
411, 414
Naukeurige beschryving van Asie (Dapper)
375–377
Nawab Sarbuland Jung
819
Nawab Sikander Begum, of Bhopal
812–814
Naẓm al-sulūk (Ibn al-Fāriḍ)
289
Neoplatonism
281, 283
neo-Sufism
282–283
Netherlands
472, 658–660
Dutch East Indies
Netton, Ian
17
networks
Ḥaḍramī networks; scholarly networks; Sufi networks; trade routes / networks
transnational
786, 791
new media, conception of hajj and
409
New Syrian Automobile Company (Sharikat al-Sayyārāt al-Sūriyya al-Ḥadītha)
614
Niebuhr, Carsten
436
nikāḥ al-mutʿa (temporary marriage)
106
Niẓām al-mashāyikh (journal)
894
Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī, Ḥasan
in general
644, 894
Riḍā and
895
travelogue of
in general
647
anti-colonial sentiments in
644–645, 646, 647, 898
journey in
644–646, 895–896
Medina in
646, 896–898
modern aspects in
645, 647, 899
Muslim unity in
898
scholars / scholarship in
645
self-representation in
899
spiritual aspects in
896, 897, 899–900
Sufi knowledge in
894–895
Sufi networks in
898–899
Niẓāmiyya order
895, 899
nomadic tribes. see Bedouins; Druze
Nomsz, Johannes
395–398
non-fiction, vs. fiction
23–24
non-Muslims
purity of
576
travellers to Mecca
in general
180, 365, 367
travelogues of
365–371
unlawfulness of
361–362
notes, taking of
896
Notes on the Bedouins and the Wahábys (Burckhardt)
442–444
novels, accounts of hajj / Islam in
395, 470
Nubian desert
83–84
Nünning, Ansgar
26
Nünning, Vera
26
Nūr al-islām (journal)
761
Nur Begum
820
Nūr al-Dīn (mullah)
502
Nūr al-Dīn Zengī
105
obligation (farḍ)
hajj as
in general
32, 55–56, 186
al-ʿAbdarī on
217
in European scholarly works
378–379, 383, 392
exemptions from
136, 154, 521, 711–712, 878
al-Ghazālī on
196, 201
Ibn Taymiyya on
201
in manāsik guides
555–556
as motive for hajj
59
Shaheed on
723
in Sufi literature
294–295
in Sufism
280–281
Odessa
427, 428, 639
official obligations
in administrative travelogues
541
in journalistic travelogues
704
in modern travelogues
in general
656, 709–710
of al-ʿAwrī
708–709
of al-Batanūnī
673
of Dāwūd
767
of Ḥamāda
781
of Jumʿa
772
of Ṣādiq Pasha
541
of Shahbandar
706
in women’s travelogues
833–834
oil industry
545, 654, 783–784, 796, 836
Omdurman
564
Oomius, Simon
390–392
operas
400
organisation of hajj. see involvement in / organisation of hajj
Orientalism
432, 454, 461
Orneval, Jacques-Philippe d’
400
orphanages
510
orthodoxy
in general
13–14, 132–133, 186, 277–278
vs. spirituality
278–279
Sufism and
279–280, 798–799
Osman Nuri Pasha
631–632
Ottoman empire
Ottomans / Turks; Ottoman-Turkisch language
administrative apparatus of
132, 162, 631–632, 681
building / restoration projects of
114, 133, 445
coffee drinking and
236
collapse of
636, 637, 684, 744, 911
decline of
407, 576–577
educational system in
132
European interference in
414–415
expansionist policies of
135
First World War and
636, 637, 716
Germany and
476, 661
globalisation and
131–135, 159–160
Hijaz and
in general
159
decline of authority in
445–446, 630, 636, 799
end of authority in
636, 716
re-establishing authority in
430, 635, 800
rotating Ottoman governorship of
133
sanitary conditions in
622
history of
383–384
Holy Places and
133, 135, 165
involvement in hajj of. see under involvement / organisation of hajj
legitimacy of
131–132, 133, 135, 799
modernity and
412
Mughal empire and
137, 164
Persia / Iran and
179–180
Riḍā on
695–696
rise of
7, 131–132, 351
Safavid dynasty and
135–136
Sharīfian dynasty
131, 133, 157–158
symbolism of hajj and
93–94
Tanzimāt reforms in
414, 631–632, 721, 848
travelogues from. see Ottoman-Turkish travelogues
Wahhābī revolt and
211–212, 429–430, 433, 434, 436, 440
waqfs founded by
133–134
Ottomans / Turks
390–391, 444, 448, 572–573
Ottoman-Turkish language
104, 132, 382
Ottoman-Turkish travelogues
29–30, 51, 94, 910
Padri movement
416
paintings, Islam / hajj as theme in
400
Palestinians
550
palimpsestic strategies
49–50, 52
Pansebeia (Ross)
373
Partition (1947; India)
779, 783
passivity (khumūl)
661, 699, 792, 848
Patún, Omar
168
penitence, as motive for travel
54
performing the hajj
Carbonell, Marcellin; medical missions; al-Qayṣarī, Muḥammad Shākir; Shahbandar, ʿAbd al-Ghanī
of European travellers. see under European travellers
permissions to. see permissions to perform hajj
of rulers / royalty. see rulers / royalty
Sufis
289, 292, 348
of women. see under women
under specific authors
periodisation
8–9
permissibility
of automobiles
618
of baraka
846
of coffee drinking
90, 236–237
of hajj
294
of music
236, 307, 338, 757
of photography
560, 784
of Sufi practices
282
of tawassul
154, 199, 200, 211, 234, 347, 740, 846
of tobacco smoking
238–239, 314, 340–341, 447, 512
of trains
520, 609
of travelling
498
of ziyāra
192, 199–200, 245, 347, 722, 740, 847, 901
permissions to perform hajj
in general
20, 167–168, 713
of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Saʿūd
434
of Abū l-Fidāʾ
64, 149
of Bāyazīd Beg Turkmān
164, 167
of al-Darʿī
89, 168, 337
of Ibn Kīrān
533
of al-Muʿaskarī
867
of Nābī
168
the Prophet on
120
Sufi view on
299
of al-Suwaydī
168
Persia / Iran
Persian language
caravans from
240, 802, 808
colonial power in
777
end of Qajar rule in
810
Ottoman empire and
179–180
pilgrims from. see Shīʿī pilgrims
routes from
575–576, 802
travelogues from. see Persian travelogues
Persian language
28–29, 40, 99, 132
Persian travelogues
22, 51, 503–504, 801–802, 909–910
personal observations / experiences
in journalistic travelogues
735
in modern travelogues
493, 494, 728–729
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
3, 18, 30, 60, 116–117
of al-ʿAbdarī
87
of al-Bakrī al-Ṣiddīqī
95
of Çelebi
107
of al-Darʿī
92
insertions and
47
of al-Miknāsī
97
of al-Murādābādī
101–102, 103
of al-Nābulusī
325–326
of al-Nāṣirī
78–79
poetry and
37, 45
of Shāh Walī Allāh
330–335
pestilence
222, 309, 620
Philby, Harry St John
464, 466–468, 611–612, 685, 703, 825
philosophy of religion
485–486
photographs
of hajj / Holy places
as devotional aid
560–561
in European scholarly works
474, 560
in European travelogues
560
in journalistic travelogues
547, 551
in manāsik guides
556
in memoirs
561
in modern travelogues
of Ḥamāda
781
of Ḥusayn
793
modern technology and
562
of Qulī Khān
505
of al-Rahūnī
663
of al-Rāʿī
562–563
realistic elements and
562
of Riḍā, Muḥyi l-Dīn
548, 562
of Rifʿat
561
of Ṣabrī Bey
679
of Ṣādiq Pasha
539, 559–560
of Shahbandar
706
of Suzuki
593
permissibility of
560
private collections of
561–562
as souvenirs
562, 784
of Wahhābīs’ destruction
560, 563
of literary figures
767
permissibility of
560, 784
of political figures
563, 679
self-images
562–563, 770
physical journeys. see journeys
physicians
545, 584, 596, 621, 823
Pickthall, Marmaduke / Muhammad
432, 824
piety, as motive for hajj
56–57, 60
pilgrimages
hajj
fragmentation of
199
Muslim vs. Catholic
386, 392–393
Muslim vs. other religions
676
pilgrims
under specific authors of travelogues
from Central Asia
427–428, 580–582
from China
586, 590–593, 598
criticism on / of. see criticism
decrease in
756
derogatory comments on. see derogatory comments
exchange of poetry between
44, 266, 270
exempt from hajj obligation
136, 154, 521, 711–712, 878
exploitation of
477
female. see under women
hardships endured by. see hardships during hajj
increase in
469, 627, 712, 911
from India. see Indian pilgrims
inner disposition of
196
from Japan
589–591
from Maghrib. see Maghribī pilgrims
from Morocco. see Moroccan pilgrims
from Persia / Iran. see Shīʿī pilgrims
quotas on
425–426, 467, 475–476
from Russia
641–642, 643
from Southeast Asia
582–585
threats to. see threats to pilgrims
travelling through Christian lands
181
visiting of scholars by. see under Muslim scholars / scholarship
under specific pilgrims
pious introductions
to modern travelogues
493, 508–509, 533
to pre-modern travelogues
42, 75, 150, 214, 219
Pisa
510–511
Pitts, Joseph
369–371, 402, 451
plague / pestilence
222, 309, 620
Pococke, Edward
374–375, 379, 387
poetry / verse
prose
in adab literature
37, 39–40
devotional
35, 38–39
European, on hajj
399–400
exchange between pilgrims of
44, 266, 270
in modern travelogues
in general
507, 907
as intermezzos
512, 520–521, 600, 601
modern travelogues in
907
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
907
hajj symbolism in
37–40
as intermezzos
36–40, 43–45, 47, 217, 219, 225
intertextuality and
36
pre-modern travelogues in
in general
40–41, 42–43, 544–546, 907
hajj in
40, 42, 65
prose intermezzos in
43
realism in
40, 43
Sufi
45, 289
Sufi travelogues in
864–865
women’s travelogues in
820
polemic elements
in Qur’an translations
380–381
in works on Islam / hajj
in general
11, 372, 385
by Bibliander
386
by Bobovius
382–383
by Chalkokondyles
373
by Dapper
376–377
by Hanssen, Peter
394–395
by Oomius
392–393
by Pontoppidan
394
by Prideaux
387
by Reland
378–379
political aspects of hajj
anti-colonial sentiments; legitimation
in general
118–120, 122, 123–126, 127–130, 183–185, 408
in European scholarly works
474–476, 477–478
in European travelogues
458, 465–466, 467
in historiographies
in general
140–141
in al-Jazīrī’s text
144–148
in al-Maqrīzī’s text
141–142, 148
in al-Rashīdī’s text
142–144, 148
in journalistic travelogues
of al-Juʿaydī al-Salawī
595
of Mahr
552
of al-Mawṣilī
544–545, 546–547
of Muṣṭafā
701–702
of Riḍā, Muḥyi l-Dīn
547, 549–550
of Riḍā, Rashīd
695–696
in al-Manār
738
in modern travelogues
in general
716–717, 907
of Alawi
530–531
of Ali Hajj Riau
583
of al-ʿAwrī
708–709
of al-Batanūnī
674, 675
of Dawlatshīn
639–642
of Farāhānī
577
of Ḥusayn
795–796, 797
of Ibn Ismāʿīl
570
of ʿĪsā
597–598
of al-Karnātakī
573–574
of Muḥammad Bayram
499
of al-Nadwī
783, 786, 790, 791
of Qulī Khān Hidāyat
500
of Ṣabrī Bey
679, 699–700
of al-Sanūsī
511, 513
of Sulaymān Shafīq
634
of Suzuki
590–591, 592
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
166–167, 907
of Abū l-Fidāʾ
148–149
of Çelebi
156–159
of al-Isḥāqī
155
of al-Miknāsī
162–163
of al-Murādābādī
165–166
of al-Nābulusī
327–328
of al-Suwaydī
175–176
political / nationalist groups
under specific groups
emergence of
777–778, 791
Sufi networks and
848–850
politics, religion and
777–778, 914–915
Poll, Arthur Neervoort van de
478, 826
polytheism. see shirk
Pontoppidan, Erik
394
Port Said
662
Portugal / Portuguese
98–99, 136, 137, 180, 181
postal service
602
predestination (jabr)
74, 228
pre-modern hajj travelogues
hajj
in general
1, 920
anthropological / geographical elements in. see anthropological / geographical elements
author’s background and
27–28
categorisation of. see categorisation / classification of travelogues
circulation of
19, 20–21, 49
coherence and. see under coherence
comparing Ibn Jubayr to Ibn Baṭṭūṭa
17
construction phases of
26
eulogies of Prophet and
35
frameworks in. see frameworks in hajj travelogues
functions of. see under functions
hajj as component in
21–22, 55–56, 64
historical contexts of. see historical contexts of travelogues
illness / death in. see illness / death
increase in
9, 490
insertions in. see excursuses / insertions in travelogues; intermezzos
interest / disinterest in
1–2, 61
inter-generic relationships. see inter-generic relationships
intertextuality. see intertextuality
intertextuality in. see intertextuality
journeys in. see hajj journeys; journeys
languages used in
28–30, 40
of Moriscos
28, 168–169
motives for writing. see under motives
poetry / verse and. see poetry / verse
political fragmentation and
28–29
publications of
1
realistic elements in. see realistic elements
rhymed prose in
35
structure of. see structure / format
titles of
26–27
press
journalists
freedom of
419
for / by women. see women’s press
Prideaux, Humphrey
387
printing techniques
408, 412, 418, 483, 912, 915
prohibitions of hajj
426, 464–465, 637, 649, 744
exemptions from hajj; permissibility
promiscuity
510–511
Prophet’s grave (Medina)
ziyāra
in general
195
children’s ṭawāf around
897
in European travelogues
353–354, 356, 357, 358–359, 360, 363–364, 367
in modern travelogues
530–531, 761–762
in pre-modern travelogues
257–258, 259
rules for
726
in Sufi travelogues
897, 898
trope about suspended
354, 358, 360, 362, 363, 367, 466
Prophet’s Mosque (Medina)
construction of
141
in European travelogues
360, 362, 367, 439, 455
in modern travelogues
663, 762, 773–774
in pre-modern travelogues
41, 44, 156, 257–258
in Sufi travelogues
860, 865, 885–886, 897
in women’s travelogues
821–822
mention of
38
prose
poetry / verse
hajj travelogues in
prose intermezzos in
45–48
verse intermezzos
36–40, 43–45
Protestantism
compared to Wahhābism
436
views on Catholism in
370, 386, 393
views on Islam in
in general
351–352, 385–386
of Bedwell
386–387
of Bibliander
386
of Lithgow
358–359
of Oomius
390–392
of Pitts
369–370
of Pococke
374–375, 379, 387
of Pontoppidan
394
of Prideaux
387
of Reland
377–379, 393–394
of Stubbe
388–390
publication, of travelogues
1, 490–491
al-Qaddūmī, ʿAbdallāh
537
Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ
47
Qādiriyya order
80, 96, 205, 319–320, 321, 862, 890, 892
al-Qalaṣādī, Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī l-Andalusī
28, 51, 57, 305
Qalawūn, Mamluk Sultan
127
Qāmūs (Fayrūzābādī)
47
Qānṣūh Bey
143–144
Qarmatians
125
qaṣd (aim)
300
qaṣīda poetry
37
Qatāda ibn Idrīs
125
Qayrawān
86, 151, 215, 216, 303
al-Qayrawānī, Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ al-Tamīmī
700
al-Qayṣarī, Muḥammad Shākir
622–625, 632
Qaysari Begum
821–822
al-Qayṭa
870
Qaytbāy, Mamluk Sultan
157
Qazvīnī, Ṣāfī ibn Valī
28
al-Qibla (journal)
680, 694, 695
quarantines
fumigations
in general
481, 619
in administrative travelogues
542
in Beirut
705
facilities for
427
in Kamarān
in journalistic travelogues
545
in modern travelogues
552, 586, 621–622, 648, 659
in women’s travelogues
815, 819, 820
in Tabūk
579, 621
in al-Ṭūr
in journalistic travelogues
596, 621
in modern travelogues
of Abū l-Fayḍ
886
of al-ʿAlawī
608
of al-Amīn
807
of Dawlatshīn
641
of al-Ghassāl
620–621
of Ḥamāda
782
of Ibn Kīrān
728
Māʾ al-ʿAynayn
891
of al-Rāʿī
763
of Rifʿat Pasha
668
of al-Ṣādiq
542
of al-Ṣubayḥī
656
in Sufi travelogues
621, 860, 880, 886
in women’s travelogues
830
Quilliam, William Henry / Abdullah
432
Quins, Carel
359
Qulī Khān Hidāyat
in general
500
travelogue of
Asian travels in
501–502, 504–505
European travels in
500–501
Mecca in
503
Middle-Eastern travels in
502–503
modern elements in
505
political aspects in
500
religious aspects in
500, 505
touristic aspects in
500–501
mention of
588
al-Qunfudha
101
quotas on pilgrims
425–426, 467, 475–476
Qurʾan
Arabic language and
833, 834
ban on printing of
522
creation of
222
denunciation of
387
on hajj
189–191, 196
historiographies about
138–139
manāsik al-ḥajj in
190
as source for excusrsuses
47
Sūrat Āl ʿImrān
189
Sūrat al-Baqara
189, 190
Sūrat al-Ḥajj
190
translations of
372, 373, 380–381
ʿUthmānī
248–249, 319
verses
258, 473
Quraysh clan
122, 139–140, 834
Qūṣ
84
al-Qushāshī, Ṣāfī l-Dīn
267, 312–313
Qustantīna
110
Rabat
730
al-Rabīʿa, Saʿd ibn Aḥmad
574–575, 742–743
Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya
291
Rābigh
87, 217, 540
radio broadcasts
553
Rahil Begum Shervaniya
819–820
al-Rahūnī, Aḥmad
661–662
al-Rāʿī, Muṣṭafā Muḥammad
in general
764
travelogue of
anti-colonial sentiments
757
Europe in
757, 758–760, 764
journey in
756–757, 763
legal / theological elements in
760–762
Mecca in
757
Medina in
761–762
modern aspects in
763–764
Muslim unity in
758, 761
religious aspects in
757–762, 763
self-representation in
756, 763
al-Rāʾid al-Tūnisī (journal)
498, 508
railways / trains
ships / shipping
construction of
407, 430, 603, 609, 610, 636
hajj routes and
575, 608
in Hijaz. see Hijaz railway
permissibility of
520, 609
Russian system of
608
travel by
al-Amīn on
806, 807
Ben Chérif on
652
al-Bīṭār on
611
Dawlatshīn on
639
Farāhānī on
577, 610
Ibrahim, Abdürrechid on
608
Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ on
579, 808
al-Miḍārī on
610
al-Muʿaskarī on
869–871
Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī on
896
al-Shanqīṭī on
603
Wavell on
456–457
Raja Ali Hajj Riau
582–583
Ramaḍān festivities
229, 253, 367
Ramla
229–230, 321
al-Ramlī, Khayr al-Dīn
229–230
ramy / jamra (casting of stones)
in European scholarly works
355, 374
in European travelogues
369, 371
al-Ghazālī on
298
hadiths on
197
in modern travelogues
525, 529, 781, 795
optional character of
194, 197
in poetry / verse
37
in pre-modern travelogues
224, 256–257
in Sufi travelogues
891
al-Rashīdī, Aḥmad
142–144, 148
Rātib, Aḥmad Pasha
670
rationalism
Islam and
771, 847–848
predominance of
410
rites / rituals and
795
rawḍa (the sacred precinct in the Prophet’s Mosque)
156, 195, 250, 258
realistic elements
in modern travelogues
524, 527, 530, 531, 562, 626–627
in pre-modern travelogues
10, 40, 43, 67, 117, 118
reality
23–24, 26, 67
Recueil des rits et des cérémomies du pèlerinage de la Mecque (Galland)
381
Red Sea
82, 126, 637
referentiality
in general
32–33, 40, 520
in modern travelogues
in general
488–489, 566, 626–628, 907
of al-Karnātakī
574
political aspects and
717–718
of al-Sanūsī
514
of al-Warīkī
524
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
5, 9–10, 27, 32–33, 40, 183, 907
of al-Darʿī
92–93
Reformation
351, 411
Protestantism
reforms
nahḍa
in general
421, 841–842, 912
anti-colonial struggles and
719
in British India
416
in Dutch East Indies
416
in Egypt
407, 415, 418, 522, 666, 721
Islamic Pilgrimage Congress and
749
in Japan
587
in modern travelogues
516
Muslim media and
420–421, 484–485
in Ottoman empire
414, 631–632, 721, 848
Riḍā on
690
in Saudi Arabia
450–451, 463, 465–466, 467, 518–519, 531, 557, 595, 700, 704–705, 830–831, 835, 843
in Tunisia
415–416, 497
reformulation of Islam
Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb on
210–211, 212
Shāh Walī Allāh on
207, 329–330
Reland, Adriaan
377–379
relics
248–249
religion / religiosity
obligation; religious aspects of hajj
compendiums on world
373
hajj and
208
hierarchies in
916
journeys and
72
politics and
777–778, 914–915
re-imaging role of
411–412
scientific based views and
471–472
spatial nature of
917
spirituality and
277, 278, 916
as a theoretical concept
352
De religione muhammedica (Reland)
377–379
religious aspects of hajj
baraka; obligation; religion / religiosity
in general
5, 56–57, 118, 185–187, 846
in European travelogues
453, 455, 460
foundation for
75, 189–191
in journalistic travelogues
733–735
in modern travelogues
in general
719, 775–776, 840–841, 842
of ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jazāʾirī
650
of Dāwūd
769
of Ḥusayn Khān
688
of Ibn Ismāʿīl
569
of Ibn Kīrān
533, 728
of Kamal
754–755
of Koesama
660
of al-Nadwī
790–791
of Qulī Khān Hidāyat
500, 505
of al-Rāʿī
757–762, 763
of al-Sabʿī
527–528
of Ṣabrī Bey
680
of Shahbandar
706
Ṣiddīq Khān on
725–727
of al-Ṭanṭāwī
613
of al-Walātī
731–732
of Yāsīn
616
of al-Zayyānī
496
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
44, 60, 251, 274–276
of al-ʿAbdarī
214–219
of al-ʿAyyāshī
219–232
of al-Ḥuḍaykī
80
of Ibn Kīrān
533
of Ibn al-Nāṣir
78
of al-Isḥāqī
150
limited scope of
63
as motive for hajj
58
of al-Nābulusī
326
of al-Sharqī
75
of al-Suwaydī
57
in women’s travelogues
825, 827, 833–834, 837–838
religious framework
5, 66, 68–69, 188–189, 489, 904–905, 911–912, 914–915
religious aspects of hajj
religious reformers
under specific reformers
in general
204–205
of Africa
206, 207
Azeri / Kurdish scholars as
206
of Indian subcontinent
207
scholarly networks and
204–207
Sufi expansion and
205–206
Renan, Ernest
471, 515
La rencontre imprévue ou les pèlerins de la Mecque (Gluck; opera)
400
return tickets
425, 625
Reza Shah Pahlavi, Shah of Iran
810
rhymed prose (sajʿ)
35
ribāṭs. see zāwiyas / ribāṭs / takiyyas
Ricoeur, Paul
26
Riḍā, ʿAbd al-Ghanī (son of Rashīd)
768
Riḍā, Muḥyi l-Dīn
speech of
767
travelogue of
in general
547–548, 551
companions in
549
criticism in
549–550
hajj as holiday in
548–549
journey in
549, 607
political aspects in
548, 549–550
Riḍā, Muʿtaṣim (son of Rashīd)
790
Riḍā, Rashīd
al-Manār
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and
738–740, 741–742
on Abū l-Hudā
848
anti-colonial sentiments of
664–665, 734, 739–740
Dāwūd and
766
decentralisation Party and
664–665, 692
on Hijaz railway
609, 738
Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and
696, 697–698, 738–740, 741
inflammatory sermon of
664
involved in incident
456
at Islamic Pilgrimage Congress
749, 750
journalistic travelogue of
criticism in
733
departures in
694, 732
emotional aspects in
732–733, 735
introduction in
693
journey in
694, 733
manāsik al-ḥajj in
733, 734–735
Mecca in
733
modern aspects in
736
personal observations / experiences in
735
political aspects in
695–696
religious aspects in
733–735
self-representation in
697, 735–736
Sharīfian family in
694–695
significance of hajj in
733–734, 736
Manāsik al-ḥajj by
554, 732, 736–737
Mansā Mūsā
735–736
modern caliphate and
665, 692, 698, 745, 776
Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī and
895
participation in associations
691–692
on passivity and fatalism
848
on photography
560
political activism of
691–693, 697–698, 776–777
reformist thought of
690, 732, 847–848
al-Sharshālī and
664
Sykes on
693
terminology of
485–486
on Wahhābīs
697, 739–740
ridda (apostasy)
743
Rifāʿiyya order
314, 315, 848, 898–899
Rifʿat Pasha, Ibrāhīm
in general
666
ʿAwn al-Rafīq and
669, 670–671
travelogue of
in general
671
ceremonies / festivities in
667, 668
journey in
666–667, 668–669
Mecca in
667
photographs in
561
Riḥla (Ibn Baṭṭūṭa). see Ibn Baṭṭūṭa: travelogue
‘Riḥla’ (Netton)
17
al-Riḥla al-Fāsiyya al-mamzūja bi-l-manāsik al-Mālikiyya (Ibn Kīrān). see Ibn Kīrān: travelogue
Riḥla fī l-shitā wa-al-ṣayf (al-Kibrīt)
53
riḥla genre
17–22, 905
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa; Ibn Jubayr
al-Riḥla gharban washarqan (Ibn Khaldūn)
64
al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya (al-Batanūnī). see al-Batanūnī: report of Khedival hajj
al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya (al-Sabʿī). see al-Sabʿī: travelogue
al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya (al-Sanūsī). see al-Sanūsī: travelogue
al-Riḥla al-Hindiyya (al-Murādābādī). see al-Murādābādī: travelogue
al-Riḥla al-kubrā (al-Nāṣirī). see al-Nāṣirī: travelogues
al-Riḥla al-Māʾʿayniyya (Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn al-ʿAtīq)
889–892
al-Riḥla al-Makkiyya min khilāl al-kura al-arḍiyya (Qulī Khān Hidāyat). see Qulī Khān Hidāyat: travelogue
al-Riḥla al-ṣughrā (al-Nāṣirī). see al-Nāṣirī: travelogues
Riḥlat al-ʿAbdarī l-musammāh al-Riḥla al-Maghribiyya (al-ʿAbdarī). see al-ʿAbdarī: travelogue
Riḥlat Abī ʿAbbās al-Hilāli al-Sijilmāsī. see al-Sijilmāsī: travelogue
Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr. see Ibn Jubayr:travelogue
Risāla fī faḍāʾil Makka wa-l-muhājara bihā (Ḥasan al-Baṣrī)
38
Risāla fī ṭuruq al-ṣūfiyya (al-ʿUjaymī)
303
rishwas (bribes)
704, 748
rites / rituals
ceremonies / festivities; manāsik al-ḥajj
in general
917, 919
contrary to orthodoxy
342–343
hajj as
122, 186–187
rationalism and
795
in Sufism
283–284
ritual dress (iḥrām). see iḥrām
al-Riyāḍ (journal)
701
Riyadh
701, 787
The Road to Mecca (Assad)
459
roads / road conditions
110, 179, 700
Roches, Léon
445, 452
Rock (Jerusalem)
676
Rome
510
Ross, Alexander
373
royalty. see rulers / royalty
Rūḥ al-maʿānī (al-Ālūsī)
857–859
al-Rukhkh (giant bird)
26
rulers / royalty
good governance of
140, 167
performing the hajj
Bedouins and
175
from Bhopal
812–816
caliphs
123, 124, 146–147
from Egypt
672–675, 814
emirs
435
list of
147, 262
Mughal ladies
137, 164
from Persia
817–818
princes and princesses
129–130, 150–153, 260, 261–262, 689
Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn
291
Russian empire
involvement in hajj of
427–428, 580, 638–639, 642–643
in modern travelogues
500–501
pilgrims from
641–642, 643
Russo-Japanese war (1904-1905)
501, 587
Rustam Pasha
573
Rutter, Eldon
447–451
Rzewuski, Waclaw
444
al-Saʿāda (journal)
594, 655
al-Saʿāda al-nāmiya al-abadiyya fī l-sikka al-ḥadīdiyya al-Ḥijāziyya (al-Ḥusaynī)
609
al-Sabʿī, Ibn al-ʿAbbās
in general
525
travelogue of
illness / death in
526, 527, 620
journey in
525–527, 620
Mecca in
526
realistic elements in
527
religious aspects in
527–528
Ṣabrī Bey, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
606–607, 679–681, 699–700
Ṣabrī Pasha, Ayyūb
632
sacrificial slaughter
624
Saʿd, Sharīf of Mecca
158
Ṣādiq Khān, Muḥammad
605–606
Ṣādiq Pasha, Muḥammad
in general
538
travelogue of
in general
543
administrative aspects of hajj in
538–543, 666
journey in
539, 540, 541–542
Mecca in
540
Medina in
539
Ṣādiqiyya college (Tunnis)
416
al-safar al-bāṭin (the heart’s journey)
73
Safarnāma (Nāṣir-i Khusraw)
19, 27
Safavid dynasty
7, 135–136
safety. see security / insecurity
Ṣafwat al-iʿtibār bi-mustawḍiʿ al-amṣār wa-l-aqṭār ( Muḥammad Bayram v)
497, 498–499
Sahiba Begum
812
sajʿ (rhymed prose)
35
Sakīna bint al-Ḥusayn
147
Sakine Solṭān Vaqār al-Dawle Esfahānī Kuchak
817
Sākūra
129
Salafism
782, 784, 790–791
Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn, Sultan of Egypt and Syria
87, 169
Ayyubid dynasty
al-Salāwī, Aḥmad al-Ṣubayḥī
655–657
Sale, George
380–381
Ṣāliḥ, Abū Muḥammad
85, 128
al-Ṣāliḥiyya. see Damascus
sālikūn. see wayfarers
al-Samaany, Nasser S.
44–45
al-Samhūdī, Nūr al-Dīn ‘Alī
47, 139, 258
al-Ṣanʿānī
56, 65
Sanderson, John
358
al-Sanūsī, Aḥmad (d. 1933)
417, 647–648, 651, 893
al-Sanūsī, Muḥammad (d. 1490)
206
al-Sanūsī, Muḥammad (d. 1902)
in general
499, 508, 861
joining of Qādiriyya by
862
Muḥammad Bayram v and
508
travelogue of
in general
508
al-ʿAyyāshī’s text and
514, 863–864
biographical sketches in
513–514, 861–863
conventional elements in
508–509, 513–515
European journey in
509–510
insertions in
509, 512
journey in
511–513
Mecca in
512
Medina in
512, 862–863
modern elements in
509, 514–515
pious introduction to
508–509
political aspects in
511, 513
scholars / scholarship in
512, 513
Sufism in
861–864
tobacco smoking in
512
Wahhābīs and
850
al-Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (d. 1859)
893
Sanūsiyya order
893–894
al-Sarghīnī l-Ḥasanī, ʿAbd al-Salām. see al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ
Sarūr, Sharīf of Mecca
101, 165
Saʿūd ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Saʿūd, Emir of Dirʿiyya
433–435, 437, 443
Saʿūdī, Muḥammad ʿAli Effendi
561–562
Saudi Arabia
reforms
in general
744–745, 913–914
criticism of
795–796
Egypt and
682–684, 831–832
founding of
451, 682, 686
reforms in
450–451, 463, 465–466, 467, 518–519, 531, 557, 595, 700, 704–705, 830–831, 835, 843
Sharia and
700–701, 830
in women’s travelogues
833, 835–836
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Saʿūd; Hijaz; Saʿūdī-Wahhābī coalition
Saʿūdī-Wahhābī coalition
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Saʿūd; Saudi Arabia
in general
9, 210, 684–685
consolidation of power
434–435
control of Hijaz
212, 429–431, 433–439, 444, 799, 800
hajj and
in general
843
health / sanitary provisions in
707
leaders performing
434–435
stricter rules for
434, 800
importance of
843
Mecca and
212, 407, 436–437
Medina and
407
prohibitions of
557–558
revival of
212–213
saʿy (running)
in European scholarly works
374
in European travelogues
454
in journalistic travelogues
703, 733, 734
in modern travelogues
518, 673, 780, 793
permitted ways to perform
in general
772
in automobiles
612–613, 703, 754, 794
in carriages
673
on donkeys
733
in Sufi travelogues
873
al-Ṣayyādī, Abū l-Hudā
848
Sayyid ʿUthmān ibn Yaḥyā ibn ʿĀqil al-ʿAlawī
475
Schiltberger, Johannes
353–354
scholarly networks
European
472
Muslim
in general
491
globalisation and
188, 204–207, 213, 423
Mecca as crossroads in
207
modern versions of
769
science of letters
284–285
scriptural references
232–233
sea voyages. see ships / shipping
Sebastopol
428, 639
secular elements in travelogues
594, 596–597
secularism
753
security / insecurity
theft / robbery
of the Hijaz
540, 700, 701, 738, 743, 770, 808, 830–831
of Syrian caravans
134–135
self -annihilation. see fanāʾ
self-mutilation, tropes about
354, 357, 358, 359
self-representation
in journalistic travelogues
697, 735–736
in modern travelogues
729, 756, 763, 770, 774, 775
photographs and
562–563, 770
in pre-modern travelogues
149
in Sufi travelogues
497, 854–855, 886, 899
Selim ii, Ottoman Sultan
131, 143
Selim i, Ottoman Sultan
93, 106, 157, 319
al-Shādhilī, Aḥmad ʿAlī
305, 336–337, 670–671, 901
Shādhiliyya order
80, 205, 269, 308, 310, 867, 898–899
al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad
245
Shāfiʿī legal school
384
Shafir, Nir
19
Shāh Walī Allāh Dihlawī
in general
99, 100
reformist thought of
207, 208, 328–329
travelogue of
in general
333
kashf in
330
main aim of
333
Mecca in
331
metaphorical levels in
333
motives for travel in
208
spiritual aspects in
330–335
title of
27
visions in
330–335
shahāda (confession of Muslim faith)
310, 343
Shahbandar, ʿAbd al-Ghanī
705–707
Shaheed, Shah Ismail
722–723
al-Shahīd, Nūr al-Dīn
172
Shāhjahān, Mughal Emperor
99, 137
shaʿīra / shaʿāʾir (rites and sites)
737, 919
Shajarat al-Durr
261–262, 633
Shanqīṭ
86, 535
al-Shanqīṭī, Muḥammad al-Amīn
602–603
al-Shaʿrānī, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb
48, 143, 205, 310, 312, 861
al-Shaʿrāwī, Hudā
811
Sharia
fiqh
in general
720
al-Muʿaskarī on
871
based on European examples
721
colonial rule and
720–721
hajj and
918–919
modern legal debate and
720
Saudi Arabia and
700–701, 830
Sufism and
283, 308, 857, 868
Sharīfian dynasty
specific Sharīfs of Mecca
Arab revolt of
446, 678, 685, 697–698
in European travelogues
366
founding of
125
Hijaz and
174, 430, 445–447, 622
income of
166
in journalistic travelogues
694
in modern travelogues
679, 699
Mughal empire and
137
Ottoman empire and
131, 133, 157–158
in pre-modern travelogues
162, 166
al-Suwaydī and
175–176
Sharikat al-Sayyārāt al-Sūriyya al-Ḥadītha (New Syrian Automobile Company)
614
al-Sharqī, Ibn al-Ṭayyib
travelogue of
ʿArafāt in
256
books / book collecting in
273
coffee drinking in
237
on hajj caravans
77
insertions in
51, 237
journey in
112, 115
legal / theological elements in
244
manāsik al-ḥajj in
76
Mecca in
255
Medina in
259
pious introduction to
75
practical instructions in
76–77
on provisions
76
scholars / scholarship in
267–268
on travel
76
mention of
28
al-Sharshālī, Muṣṭafā
657, 664
Shāṭiba
107–108
al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad
722
Shawkat ʿAlī
647, 648, 767–768
shawq. see desire
Shaybī officials
552
shaykh al-ḥaram
156, 165–166
shaykh al-islām
133, 740
Shīʿī pilgrims
in general
799
ʿĀshūrāʾ celebrations of
801, 807, 808–809
al-ʿAyyāshī on
226, 240
grave visits by
225, 241
Ibāḍī. see Ibāḍīs / Ibāḍī pilgrims
Ibn Taymiyya on
240–241
mazārāt for
247
Sunni-Shīʿī rift / tensions and
100, 176–177, 179, 240–243, 799, 800–802, 806–807, 809, 817–818
taqiyya of
801, 809
travelogues of
802–810, 816–818
under specific Shīʿī pilgrims
Shīʿism. see Shīʿī pilgrims
ships / shipping
hajj sea routes; railways / trains
in general
580, 604–605
accommodation on
605, 607
companies engaged in
604–605, 606
European dominance in
605
physicians on
580–582
sanitary conditions on
580, 619, 623, 651, 679
shortage of available
607–608
travel by
Abdul Majid on
584
Abdullah, Munshi on
583
Alawi on
530
al-ʿAlawī on
607–608
al-Amīn on
805–806, 807
al-ʿAwrī on
708
al-Balawī on
109
Ben Chérif on
652
Dawlatshīn on
639, 640
Dāwūd on
765–766
in European travelogues
370–371
Farāhānī on
576, 577
Ḥamāda on
780
hardships during
109, 136, 426–427, 520–521, 580–581
Ibn Ismāʿīl on
568–569
Ibn Jubayr on
83–84
Ibn Kīrān on
533
Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna on
852
al-Ilghī on
864–865
ʿĪsā on
597
Jacine on
653–654
al-Juʿaydī al-Salawī on
594, 596
Jumʿa on
770–771
al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī on
606
Koesama on
658
Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn al-ʿAtīq on
890
Mahr on
551–552, 553
al-Mawṣilī on
545
al-Māzinī on
702–703
al-Muʿaskarī on
871
al-Muhājī on
651
al-Murādābādī on
100–101, 102–103
al-Nadwī on
782–784, 790
Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī on
644–646
al-Rahūnī on
662
al-Rāʿī on
548, 607, 757
Raja Ali Hajj Riau on
583
Riḍā, Muḥyi l-Dīn on
548, 549
Riḍā, Rashīd on
694, 733
al-Sabʿī on
525, 526–527
Ṣabrī Bey on
606–607, 679
Ṣādiq Khān on
605–606
Ṣiddīq Khān on
725
al-Ṣubayḥī al-Salāwī on
655–656
Sulaymān Shafīq on
633
Suzuki on
590
al-Ṭaybī on
600
al-Tujībī on
85
al-Warīkī on
520–521
shirk (polytheism)
Ibn al-Bulayhid on
740
Ibn Taymiyya on
200, 209
Riḍā on
737
Shaheed on
722–723
al-Shawkānī on
722
Ṣiddīq Khān on
726
sickness. see illness / death
Ṣiddīq Khān, Muḥammad , Nawab of Bhopal
724–727, 812, 847
al-Ṣiddīqī, Muṣṭafā l-Bakrī
65, 114
significance of hajj
Ḥusayn on
795
Riḍā on
733–734, 736
Sijilmāsa
79, 80, 86, 89, 273–274
al-Sijilmāsī, Abū l-ʿAbbās al-Hilālī
travelogue of
books / book collecting in
273
insertions from
235
journey in
110–111, 243
legal / theological elements in
244
tobacco smoking in
238
ziyāra in
77–78
silk covering of Kaʿba. see kiswa
silsilas (chains of transmission)
275, 285–286, 306, 309–310, 888–889
Sinai
127
Sinān Pasha
114, 158
Singapore
98
Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945)
589, 590, 591
sīra Hang Tuah
582
al-Sirhindī, Aḥmad
283
Siyāḥatnāma (Evliya Çelebi)
30
al-Siyāsa (journal)
701
slaughter, sacrificial
624
slaves
from Abyssinia
106, 237, 264
buying of
Dawlatshīn on
640
by European travellers
454, 455
by Muslim travellers
583
Sloterdijk, Peter
916
Smyrna
496
Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan
in general
472
conversion of
474
Muslim status of
432, 475
Muslim views on
772
photographs by
474, 560
scholarly works of
472–473, 474–475
stay in Dutch East Indies
475–476
stay in Mecca
474–475
social dimensions of hajj
677, 678, 734, 758, 779, 795, 797
social poetry (ikhwāniyyāt)
45
society, use of term
485
Society of Arab Association (Jamʿiyyat al-Jamāʿa al-ʿArabiyya)
691–692
Society of Knowledge and Guidance (Jamʿiyyat al-ʿilm wa-l-Irshād)
692
Society of the Ottoman Council (Jamʿiyya al-Shūrā l-ʿUthmāniyya)
691
Sokoto caliphate
416, 712–713
Sokullu Muḥammad Pasha
158
Somers, Jan
357–358
Songhai empire
129
source materials
for excursus
47–48
on hajj in works of
Dapper
375, 376
Oomius
391–392
Pococke
374
Prideaux
388
Reland
378, 379
Stubbe
388
as underpinning of hajj
fiqh
192–194
al-Ghazālī on
75, 189–194
hadiths
191–192
Qur’an
189–191
Sharia
192–194
Southeast Asia
pilgrims from
582
religious myths from
584
travelogues from
582–585
souvenirs
529, 562, 584, 784
Spain
661–662
spatiotemporal framework
5, 27, 65–66, 68–69, 116–117, 905–909, 914–915, 919–920
hajj journeys
Specimen historiae arabum (Pococke)
374–375, 387
Sphären (Sloterdijk)
916
spiritual aspects of hajj
Sufism
in general
73–74, 846
in European travelogues
453
al-Ghazālī on
75–76
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
277, 346, 349
of al-ʿAbdarī
303–304
of al-ʿAyyāshī
306–317, 348
of al-Balawī
304
of al-Darʿī
337–338
of Ibn Malīḥ
305
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
304
of al-Murādābādī
349
of al-Murādī
340–342, 348
of al-Nābulusī
319–325, 348
of al-Nāṣirī
342, 343–345, 348
of al-Qalaṣādī
305
of Shāh Walī Allāh
330–335
of al-Takrūrī
305–306
of al-Tujībī
304
of al-Warthīlānī
345
in Sufi literature
295–302
in Sufi travelogues
of ʿAmmār, Abū Sālim
900–901
of al-Ilghī
864–865
of al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ
885–886
of al-Muʿaskarī
869–875
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
895, 896, 897, 899–900
of al-Warīkī
856
spiritual / devotional literature
35
spirituality
in general
11
al-Ghazālī on
74–76, 346
Ibn Taymiyya on
279
Kaʿba and
347
vs. orthodoxy
278–279
religion and
277, 278, 916
Sufism and
279–280, 283, 303, 902–903
al-Tirmidhī on
346
Stegar [Steger], Winifred
823–824
stipends. see ṣurra
stoning rites. see ramy / jamra
Stubbe, Henry
388–389
al-Ṣubayḥī al-Salāwī, Aḥmad
655–657
subjectivity
4, 6, 24–25, 326–327
Sublime Porte. see Ottoman empire
(sub-)Saharan Africa
128–129, 713
Sudan
417
Suez
454, 541, 639, 667, 756–757, 766, 884
Suez Canal
512, 637
Sufi convents. see zāwiyas / ribāṭs / takiyyas
Sufi literature
under specific Sufi authors
devotional
284
on hajj
in general
301–302
anecdotes in
289–292
of al-Ghazālī
295–299
of Ibn ʿAbbād
294–295
imagination in
302
metaphorical levels in
38, 293–294, 302
personal trajectories in
292–293
of al-Tirmidhī
299–300
tropes in
38
poetry
45, 289
relgious obligations in
281
Sufi networks
in general
336, 348
political / nationalist movements and
848–850
in Sufi travelogues
in general
888–889
of Ibn Ubuwwa
536, 892
of al-Ilghī
865
of al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ
885
al-Kattānī, Muḥammad al-Ṭayyib
887–888
of al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī
879, 880, 881, 882
of Māʾ al-ʿAynayn ibn al-ʿAtīq
890–892
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
898–899
al-ʿUjaymī on
302–303
Sufis
Sufism; under specific Sufi pilgrims
biographies of
861–863
collecting money by
858
ecstatic. see majdhūbs
involvement in hajj of
336
performing the hajj
289, 292, 348
travelogues of
linked trajectories in
864–876
realistic
851–864
Sufi networks in
877–894
ʿulamāʾ and
892–893
Sufism
silsilas; Sufi networks; Sufis
in general
286–287, 902
controversial elements in
846–847
convents / lodges. see zāwiyas / ribāṭs / takiyyas
definition of
279–280
disciples / wayfarers. see wayfarers
esoteric practices in
311, 335, 849, 867–868
Friends of God in. see Friends of God
al-Ghazālī on
282
hajj and
287–303, 875–876, 901
influence of
850
institutionalisation of
285–286
literature. see Sufi literature
master-disciple relationship in
285–286
modernity and
848–850, 902–903
al-Nābulusī on
206
al-Nadwī on
783, 789, 790
networks in. see Sufi networks
obligations in
280–281, 295
orders / brotherhoods. see ṭarīqas; under specific orders
orthodoxy and
721–722, 798–799
reformist thinking about
847
Riḍā, Rashīd on
847
ritual practice in
283–284, 286, 293–295
al-Sanūsī on
861–864
secret sciences in
284–285, 311
Sharia and
283, 308, 857, 868
spiritual sessions in. see dhikrs
spirituality and
279–280, 283, 303, 902–903
spread of
205–206
as supplement to Islam
279–280, 295
teaching of
894
Truth in
287–288, 289, 868, 869–872, 874
Wahhābīs and
850
al-Walātī on
857–859
al-Suhrawardī, ʿUmar
289
Sulaymān, Ottoman Sultan
114, 131–132, 158, 263
Sulaymān Shafīq ibn ʿAlī Kamālī
632–636
al-Ṣulḥ bayn al-ikhwān fī ibāḥat al-dukhkhān (al-Nābulusī)
239
Sultan Aḥmad mosque (Istanbul)
161
Sultan Jahan Begum, of Bhopal
689, 724, 738, 814–815
sultans, legitimacy of
122
Sunnī pilgrims
mazārāt for
245–247
Sunni-Shīʿī rift / tensions and
100, 176–177, 179, 240–243, 799, 800–802, 809, 817–818
Sunnism. see Sunnī pilgrims
supernatural aspects of hajj
851–852, 854, 859–860
Surat
99–100, 349
ṣurra (annual stipends)
in general
94, 134, 156, 158–159
abolishing of
448
in modern travelogues
539, 541, 633, 667, 680
in pre-modern travelogues
165–166, 172
al-Suwaydī
travelogue of
departure in
80–81
insertions in, lack of
52
journey in
30, 111
mazārāt visits in
246
Medina in
258, 271
no details about journey in
95
political aspects in
175–176
religious / spiritual aspects in
57, 65
scholars / scholarship in
268–269, 271
mention of
95
al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn
47
Suzuki, Tsuyoshi
590–592
Syair Makkah dan Madinah
582
Sykes, Christopher
693
symbolism
of hajj
in general
37–40
dominance in travelogues
537
Mamluk dynasty and
170–171
Ottoman empire and
93–94
as self-sacrifice
797
of Kaʿba
in general
37–39
spirituality and
347
in Sufi thought
288–289, 290–291, 297
Syria
caravans from. see Syrian caravans
colonial power in
664–665, 692
maḥmal from
127
travelogues from
18, 910
Syrian caravans
93–98
in European travelogues
444
in modern travelogues
503, 512–513, 541, 579, 624, 633–634
organisation of
134
in pre-modern travelogues
93, 94, 96–98, 226–227
route of
93, 94
safety / security of
134–135
Saʿūdī-Wahhābī interference with
434, 443
waqfs granted to
133–134
in women’s travelogues
815
al-Ṭabarī, Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad al-Makkī
139
Tableau de l’Empire Ottoman (Mouradgea d’Ohsson)
383–384, 471
Tablet (preserved in heaven)
858
Tabūk
579, 621
Tadhkirat al-ṭarīq fī maṣāʾib ḥujjāj Bayt Allāh al-ʿatīq (al-Karnātakī)
571
Tadmekka
130
Tadmur / Palmyra
578–579
tafsīr (Qur’anic exegesis )
35, 47
Tafsīr al-Manār (Riḍā & ʿAbduh)
847
al-Taftazānī, Mas‘ūd ibn ‘Umar
47
taḥqīq (verification)
importance of
244
kashf and
206, 220, 231, 282, 306–307, 846
al-Ṭahṭāwī, Rifāʿa
418, 538
Ṭāʾif
441
takfīr (declaring someone an unbeliever)
211, 722
Takhlīṣ al-ibrīz fī talkhīṣ Bārīs (al-Ṭahṭāwī)
418
takiyyas. see zāwiyas / ribāṭs / takiyyas
Takrūrī (West African, or ‘black’ pilgrims)
86, 102
al-Takrūrī, Abū Sālim
271, 305–306
Ṭalʿat Ḥarb, Muḥammad
548, 550
Tall, ʿUmar ibn Saʿīd
713
Tamghrūt
58, 89, 336, 337
al-Tāmrāwī
620
Tanaka Ippeï, Nuri Muhammad
589–590, 591
Tangiers
888
Tanta
340, 895
al-Ṭanṭāwī, ʿAlī
613
Tanzimāt reforms
414, 631–632, 721, 848
taqiyya (concealment)
801, 809
taqlīd tradition
202, 203, 206, 805
Taqwiyyat al-imān (Shaheed)
722–723
Tārīkh falāsifat al-islām ( Jumʿa)
770
ṭarīqas (Sufi orders)
under specific orders
changing of
861–862
emergence / spread of
285, 335–336, 348, 849
joining of
862
in Maghrib
336
in Mecca
314
modernity and
902–903
politics and
286
power of
893–894
prominent role of
849
al-ʿUjaymī on
303
al-Tarjumāna al-kubrā (al-Zayyānī)
493, 724
Taroudant
851
Ṭāw
536
ṭawāf al-wadāʿ (farewell-circumambulation)
39, 194
ṭawāfs (circumambulations)
by children
897
in European scholarly works
374, 378–379, 381, 475
in European travelogues
368, 369, 376, 437, 452
al-Ghazālī on
194, 297
Ibn Taymiyya on
209
in journalistic travelogues
734
in modern travelogues
534
personal emotions and
41
in poetry / verse
37
in pre-modern travelogues
342
in Sufi travelogues
900
al-Tirmidhī on
300
in women’s travelogues
826, 832
tawakkul (divine providence)
74–75, 920
tawassul (intercession)
Ibn al-Bulayhid on
740
Ibn Taymiyya on
723
al-Kattānī, Abū l-Fayyāḍ on
883–884
al-Muʿaskarī on
875, 876
permissibility of
154, 199, 200, 211, 234, 347, 740, 846
in pre-modern travelogues
45
relics and
248
Shaheed on
723
in Sufism
284
al-Walātī on
858
Tawfīq Pasha
541
tawḥīd (unity of God)
211, 282, 300, 516, 552, 706, 722
taxes / tax-levying
ʿĪsā on
598
al-Miknāsī on
163
from pilgrims
169, 174–175
in Syrian provinces
134
taxis. see automobiles
al-Ṭaybī, Muḥammad ibn Nūr al-Dāʾim
600–601
Tāza
151
teacher-pupil relationship
271
Tears Morrison Company
551
technology, modern
in general
911
communications and. see communications
from Europe
182, 406
hajj and
462–463
in journalistic travelogues
545, 595, 596, 704–705
in modern travelogues
504, 510–511, 524–525, 700, 708, 731, 753
modernity and
410
photography and. see photographs
in Sufi travelogues
886
travel and. see transport
in women’s travelogues
835
Tel Aviv
768
telephone / telegraph. see under communications
temporary marriage (nikāḥ al-mutʿa)
106
al-Thaqāfa (journal)
832
Théâtre de la Turquie (Febvre)
360
theatrical performances
510
theft / robbery
in general
111
by Bedouins. see under Bedouins
by Christians
180
in European travelogues
364
in manāsik guides
555
in modern travelogues
540, 571–572, 611, 700
in pre-modern travelogues
110–113
thermos bottles
733
Thévenot, Jean de
376
Thomas Cooke Ltd.
604
Thousand and One Nights
461, 827
threats to pilgrims
Bedouins as
ʿAwn al-Rafīq’s policies and
670
in European travelogues
368, 442
in female travelogues
815
in historiographies
146
in journalistic travelogues
546
in manāsik guides
555
in modern travelogues
of al-Bīṭār
611
of Ḥusayn Khān
688–689
of Ibn Kīrān
534
of al-Karnātakī
571–572, 573
of Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʾ
579
of Rifʿat Pasha
669
of Ṣādiq Pasha
542
of al-Warīkī
523
in pre-modern travelogues
of al-ʿAbdarī
87
of al-Nāṣirī
111–112
of al-Darʿī
91–92
of al-Isḥāqī
153
of al-Miknāsī
97
of al-Tujībī
84
rulers / royalty and
175
Sulaymān Shafīq on
634
Portuguese as
98–99, 136, 137, 180, 181
theft / robbery. see theft / robbery
weather conditions
109–110, 364
Tiberias
768
Tiflis
576
Tijāniyya order
205, 847, 877
Tilimsān
215, 274, 303
Timbuktu
535
Tipu Sultan, Sultan of Mysore
583
al-Tirmidhī, al-Ḥākim
47, 299–301, 346
titles, of travelogues
26–27
tobacco smoking
in European travelogues
447
in journalistic travelogues
701
in modern travelogues
512, 522
permissibility of
238–239, 314, 340–341, 447, 512
in pre-modern travelogues
238–239, 314, 340–341
in Sufi travelogues
878–880
Topkapı palace (Istanbul)
161
Tosunyan, Muradcan
383–384
Touati, Houari
25
touristic elements
in modern travelogues
of al-Amīn
806
of Dāwūd
766, 767
of Farāhānī
576
of Ḥusayn Khān
687
of al-Juʿaydī al-Salawī
594
of Qulī Khān Hidāyat
500–501
in Sufi travelogues
645, 646
in women’s travelogues
819, 827
trade
58, 82–83, 98, 100
trade routes / networks
European
7, 135, 138, 352, 411, 413, 414, 415, 429, 430, 637
in Muslim world
126–127, 129, 131
trains. see railways / trains
Transjordan. see ʿAbdallāh i, King of Jordan
transmissions
hajj travelogues and
62–63
isnāds
271, 847
of Sufi knowledge. see silsilas
transnationality of hajj
188, 627, 629, 630, 746, 779, 912
transport
by aeroplanes. see aeroplanes
by automobiles. see automobiles
innovations in
407–408, 418, 481, 567, 627, 911
by rail. see railways / trains
in Russia
427–428
by ship. see ships / shipping
women’s hajj and
822
Trans-Siberian express
608
travel documents
bureaucratic formalities
in general
478, 537, 557, 594, 603, 625, 626, 911
declarations of good behaviour
780
return tickets
425, 626
visas
590, 641, 756, 765, 767, 787, 824
travel equipment
78
travelling
journeys
accounts of. see travelogues
Andalusian tradition of
28
in Asia. see Asian journeys
codes of conduct for. see ādāb al-safar
in Europe. see under Europe
inner vs.
72–73
for intellectual purposes
25, 27, 73, 509
Maghribī tradition of
28, 31
modern technology and
567
motives for. see motives
permissibility of
498
in Sufi thought
868
Travels in Arabia (Burkhardt)
440–444
Tripoli
in European travelogues
362–363
in modern travelogues
662
in pre-modern travelogues
90, 151–152, 182, 216, 307, 320, 337, 339
in Sufi travelogues
890
tropes
in general
37
about self-blinding
354, 357, 358, 359, 367, 371
about suspended grave
354, 358, 360, 362, 363, 367
hajj as
5, 6, 21, 33
in Sufi literature
38
trucks. see automobiles
The True Nature of Imposture Fully Display’d in the Life of Mahomet (Prideaux)
387
Truth
taḥqīq
hajj rituals and
300–301
of the Kaʿba
331–332
al-Muʿaskarī on
868, 869–872, 874
in Sufi thought
287–288, 289
unity of being and
311
truthfulness in travelogues
25–26, 32
al-Tuḥfa al-Īqāẓiyya fī l-riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya (al-Mawṣilī)
544–546
Tuḥfat al-Ḥaramayn (Nābī). see Nābī, Yūsuf: travelogue
Tuhfat al-nafis (Ali Hajj Riau)
582–583
al-Tujībī al-Sabtī, al-Qāsim ibn Yūsuf
travelogue of
in general
39–40
administrative aspects of hajj in
169
on female pilgrim
260
of grave of Eve
249
insertions in
50–51
journey in
84–85
Mecca in
248
mixed prayers in
235
motives for travel in
906
scholars / scholarship in
266
spiritual aspects in
304
ʿUthmānī Qur’an in
248
Tully, Miss
362–365
Tully, Richard
362
Tunis
colleges in
416
in modern travelogues
495, 496, 731
in pre-modern travelogues
215, 218, 265–266, 270, 304
in Sufi travelogues
859
al-Tūnisī, Khayr al-Dīn. see Khayr al-Dīn Pasha
Tunisia
under specific cities
caravans from
92, 177, 242
colonial power in
407, 416, 649
pilgrims from
91–92, 112, 177, 307
reforms in
415–416, 497
in Sufi travelogues
853
al-Ṭūr. see under quarantines
Turkey
464–465, 636, 637, 691, 696, 744
Ottoman empire
Turkish language
29–30
Uḥud
196, 227, 251, 258
al-ʿUjaymī, Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī
302–303
ʿulamāʾ (religious scholars)
Muslim scholars / scholarship
corruption and
752
globalisation and
423
performing the hajj
147
providing livelihood for
132
reforms and
420
sale of land to Jews and
768
Sufis and
892–893
Yaḥyā on
570
al-ʿUllā
615
Ulloa Pereira, Juan de
355–356
ʿUmar ibn Abī Rabīʿa
37
Umayyad dynasty
93, 121, 122–123, 128, 141
Umayyad Mosque (Damascus)
246, 614, 887, 896
Umm al-qurā (journal)
550
Umm al-qurā (al-Kawākibī)
747
umma (Muslim community)
corruption and
532
as global phenomenon
768–769
Mecca as centre of
491
Ummat al-Ghani Nur al-Nisa
818
ʿumra (the ‘lesser,’ non-mandatory pilgrimage)
combining with hajj
193–194, 794
in European scholarly works
384
al-Ghazālī on
193–194
religious roots of
33
United East-Indian Company (V.O.C.)
138, 477–478
unity of being (waḥdat al-wujūd)
in general
206, 282, 347–348
al-ʿAyyāshī on
311–312, 313–314, 316
opponents / defenders of
283, 857
al-Walātī on
857
unity of God (tawḥīd)
211, 282, 300, 516, 552, 706, 722
universalism
28, 31
ʿUqba ibn Nāfiʿ al-Fihrī
90, 151, 245
ʿUrābī, Aḥmad
863
ʿUrābī revolt (1879-1882)
417, 777
Urdu language
29
al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā (journal)
420, 484–485, 863
al-ʿUṭayfī
20
ʿUthmān, Caliph
248, 319
ʿUthmān ibn al-Fūdī (Fodio, Dan)
416, 849
validity / invalidity of hajj
in general
711–712
Bello on
712–713
in European scholarly works
378, 384
fiqh on
192–194
al-Ghazālī on
192–193
Wiranata Koesama on
658
Varthema, Ludovico di
365, 367–368, 371, 374, 451
veiling of women
80, 89–90, 106, 178, 264, 337, 383, 548, 562, 576, 787, 811
verification. see taḥqīq
Viaje de Turquía (anon.)
355–356
Vie de Jésus (Renan)
471, 515
Vien, Joseph-Marie
400
Vilayathullah, Shaykh
181
virtue, Confusian notion of
32
visas
590, 641, 756, 765, 767, 787, 824
visionary insights (kashf). see kashf
visions (mashhad)
dreams; kashf (visionary insights)
hadiths on
220
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
851, 852
of al-Kūrānī
310–311
law and
220
of majdhūbs
320
of al-Murādābādī
349
rejection of notion of
222
of al-Sanūsī
862
of Shāh Walī Allāh
330–335
V.O.C. (United East-Indian Company)
477–478
Voltaire
395–396
Wafd movement
778
Wahbī, Ḥāfiẓ
829–830
waḥdat al-wujūd. see unity of being
Wahhābī revolts
in general
212, 430–431, 433–435, 630, 684–685, 716, 913
Burckhardt on
442–444
European interest in
436, 445
in European scholarly works
442–444
in European travelogues
436–439, 441–442, 444–445
hajj and
655
Wahhābīs
Ikhwān; Saʿūdī-Wahhābī coalition; Wahhābī revolt
in administrative travelogues
542
anti-colonialism of
428–429, 724–725
destructions by. see destructions
European interest in
447–448, 455, 470, 471
in European travelogues
437–439, 441, 444, 445, 447–448, 456
in journalistic travelogues
549–550, 595
in manāsik guides
557
in modern travelogues
in general
843
of Alawi
530–531
of al-Batanūnī
674
of Haykal
516, 517, 518–519
of Ḥusayn
795, 796
of Ibn Naṣr
743
of ʿĪsā
598
of al-Miḍārī
528
of Muḥammad Bayram
498
of al-Rāʿī
758–759, 760–762
of Suzuki
592
of al-Zayyānī
494, 496
Ottomans / Turks and
444, 448, 572–573
performing the hajj
434–435, 437–439
in pre-modern travelogues
244, 270
religious doctrines of
in general
210–211, 436, 439, 721–722, 744, 799–800, 843–844, 913–914
Ibn al-Bulayhid on
740–741
opposition against
722, 724, 758–759, 760–762, 794, 829–830
praise for
443, 774, 780–781
Riḍā on
697, 739–740
Sufism and
850
in women’s travelogues
826–827
al-Wajh
87, 427
Wakabayashi Han
589, 590
l-Wakīl, Muṣṭafā
792
al-Walātī, Muḥammad Yaḥyā
in general
729
travelogue of
books / book collecting
731
illness / death in
730
journey in
729–730
manāsik al-ḥajj in
731
Mecca in
730
Medina in
730
modern aspects in
731
religious aspects in
731–732
scholars / scholarship in
729–731
on Sufism
857–859
al-Walīd i, Umayyad Caliph
141
Wall Street Crash (1929)
756, 759
Wallin, August
445
Wanderlust
55
al-Waqāʾiʿ al-Miṣriyya (bulletin)
418–419
waqfs (religious foundations)
Egyptian
680–681
Mamluk imperial
126
Ottoman imperial
133–134, 263
Ottoman revision of
132
proper use of
752, 753
women and
263
al-Wāqidī, Abū ‘Abdallāh Muḥammad
202
al-Warīkī, Muḥammad
travelogue of
anti-colonial sentiments
523
books / book collecting in
856
coffee drinking in
522
conventional elements in
524
diary form of
525
drawings in
525, 561
illness / death in
620
journey in
520–524, 620
Mecca in
523, 856
Medina in
524, 856
modern elements in
524–525, 605
motives for travel in
521, 855
realistic elements in
524
spiritual aspects in
856
tobacco smoking in
522
al-Wārjilānī, Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf
242
Wārkalā
222, 242
al-Warthīlānī
in general
345
travelogue of
books / book collecting in
273
ceremonies / festivities in
345
coffee drinking in
238
on drums of Badr
250
frictions / tensions in
178
hajj in
65
insertions in
50, 51, 52, 59, 182, 238
legal / theological elements in
59, 236, 244
Mecca in
345
motive for travel in
58
motive for writing of
59
scholars / scholarship in
59
spiritual aspects in
345
women in
264
ziyāra in
345
al-Warzāzī l-Kabīr, Muḥammad al-Darʿī
203, 204
waṣīlas (mediums)
323
al-Watarī, al-Sayyid ʿAlī
862
water, scarcity of
109
Wavell, Arthur
456, 772
wayfarers (sālikūn)
in general
73, 281
divine provenance and
74–75
path followed by
287, 876
weather conditions
109–110, 364
Weiss, Leopold (Asad, Muhammad)
459–460
West Africa
128–129, 713, 910
Western colonialism / imperialism
in general
7, 408, 413, 637–638, 715–716, 744, 776
in Algeria. see under Algeria
Christianity and
180
in Dutch East Indies. see under Dutch East Indies
in Egypt. see under Egypt
in India. see under India
in Morocco
416–417, 649
Muslim identity and
653, 659–660
oil industry and
836
in Ottoman Empire
414
in Persia / Iran
777
in Syria
664–665, 692
in Tunisia
407, 416, 649
Wahhābīsm and
724–725
Wild, Johan
368–369
Williamson, Haji
470
wird / awrād (Sufi litany)
270, 339, 342, 345, 536, 877, 884, 892
women
women’s press
education of
781
emancipation of
811, 821, 822
European
promiscuity of
510–511
travellers
822–823, 824–828
in journalistic travelogues
812
literacy of
818
of Mecca
106, 819
in modern travelogues
759, 760
performing the hajj
in general
259–261, 262–263, 264–265, 810–811, 915–916
conventions for
383, 810
from Egypt
760
Hājar
261
hajj companions of
812, 819, 821
list of
262
modernity and
811
Mughal ladies
137, 164, 262, 810–816
poem by
264
Shajarat al-Durr
261–262, 633
transport and
822
travelogues of. see women’s |travelogues
violence of
812
Zubayda bint Jaʿfar
124–125, 141, 261
position in Islam of
817, 826, 827, 836–837, 839
in pre-modern travelogues
in general
263–264
of Çelebi
106, 264
of al-Ḥuḍaykī
80, 264
of al-Jazīrī
147
unveiled
89–90, 264, 337
of al-Warthīlānī
264
veiling of. see veiling of women
in Wahhābī revolt
444
waqfs and
263
westernization and
760
women’s life stories
836–837, 838–839
women’s press
in general
811, 828–832
travelogues in
by Fāṭima Fahmī
832
by Labība Aḥmad
828–832
women’s travelogues
in general
810–811, 839–840
by Australian women
823–824
by Egyptian women
828–840
by European women
822–823, 824
modernity and
811, 840
by Mughal women
812–816
by Persian women
816–818
by women from Indian subcontinent
818–822
World War i. see First World War
writers. see intellectuals, modern
wuqūfs (at ʿArafāt)
European national anthems played during
657
in European travelogues
355, 364
al-Ghazālī on
194, 298
in journalistic travelogues
734–735
in manāsik guides
556
in modern travelogues
498, 517, 540, 761, 773, 781, 794
in pre-modern travelogues
235, 256
social dimensions of
677, 678
in Sufi travelogues
891
al-Tirmidhī on
300
in women’s travelogues
813, 826
Wyclif, John
386
Yaḥyā, King of Yemen
741
Yalamlam
101, 197, 584
Yamamoto, Taro
589–590
Yamaoka Kōtaro, Umar
589
Yanbūʿ
ceremonies / festivities in
668
in journalistic travelogues
595, 703
in modern travelogues
523, 524, 526, 540, 541, 668
in pre-modern travelogues
87, 111, 153
in women’s travelogues
815
Yāqūt
47
Yāsīn, Maḥmūd
614–616
Yāsīn, Yūsuf
766
Yawmiyyāt Shāmiyya (Ibn Kannān)
140
Yazdī, Abū Sharaf Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī Ḥusaynī
28
Yazīd i, Umayyad Caliph
122
yellow fever
113, 227, 705
al-Yūsī, Abū ʿAlī l-Ḥasan ibn Masʿūd
65, 109
Yūsuf Pasha
495
al-Zahāwī, Amjad
784
al-Zahāwī, Jamīl Ṣidqī
767
al-ẓāhir
867–868
al-Ẓāhir Baybars, Mamluk Sultan. see Baybars, Mamluk Sultan
al-Ẓāhirī, Khalīl
125–126
zakāt (alms)
105, 258, 759
Zamīndār (journal)
551
Zamzam water / well
in general
140
discovery of
261
in European scholarly works
374, 375
in European travelogues
357–358, 366, 368, 369, 371
in modern travelogues
676
in pre-modern travelogues
108, 230, 255–256
al-Zarrūq, Aḥmad
152, 305–306, 308
al-Zawāhirī, Aḥmad
749
zāwiyas / ribāṭs / takiyyas (Sufi convents / lodges)
in general
85, 130, 245, 285
in Hijaz
893
of Kattāniyya order
877
Le Chatelier on
892–893
Muḥammad Bayram v on
892
of Nāṣiriyya order
55, 89, 337, 342
networks of. see Sufi networks
Zaynab, Sayyida
247, 805
Zaynī Barakāt ibn Mūsā
143
al-Zayyānī, Abū l-Qāsim
in general
493
travelogue of
insertions in
494, 495
journey in
494–497, 620
Mecca in
495, 496
modern elements in
497
personal observations / experiences in
493, 494
pious introduction to
493
religious aspects in
496
self-representation in
497
on Wahhābīsm
724
al-Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn
611, 703, 714–715, 767
ziyāra (visits to mazārāt)
in general
45, 73
baraka and
56, 199, 249, 347
conventions for
195–196
al-Ghazālī on
192, 195–196, 199
hadiths on
195, 209, 726, 728
Ibn al-Bulayhid on
740
Ibn Naṣr on
743
Ibn Taymiyya on
200, 209
permissibility of
192, 199–200, 245, 347, 722, 740, 847, 901
in pre-modern travelogues
of al-ʿAbdarī
214, 218, 245, 303–304
of al-ʿAyyāshī
79, 220, 223, 308–309
of Çelebi
105, 118, 258
of al-Darʿī
90, 337–338
of al-Ḥuḍaykī
80
of Ibn Jubayr
249, 250
of Ibn al-Ṣabāḥ
182, 304
of al-Isḥāqī
150–151, 152, 234–235
of al-Miknāsī
96
as motive for travel
56
of al-Murādī
339–340
of al-Murādī’
56
of al-Nābulusī
43–44, 56, 79–80, 319, 321–322
of al-Suwaydī
246
of al-Warthīlānī
345
religious roots of
33
al-Shawkānī on
722
of Shīʿī pilgrims
225, 241
Ṣiddīq Khān on
726
al-Sijilmāsī on
77–78
in Sufi travelogues
of Ibn Ṭuwayr al-Janna
851, 852, 853
of al-Kattānī l-Ḥasanī
879, 881
of al-Muʿaskarī
875
of Niẓāmī al-Dihlawī
646, 898
of al-Warīkī
855–856
to women’s graves
261
mazārāt
Zubayda bint Jaʿfar
124–125, 141, 147, 261
Zubayda track (darb Zubayda)
125, 261, 612
Zubdat kashf al-mamālik
125–126