Figures
1 Anatomy of a scroll (1Q20 [apGen] cols. 20–22) 377
2 Parts of the column (11Q10 [Job] cols. 37–38) 378
3 Skin fragment (3Q14 frag. 4 [Tob?]) 379
4 Papyrus fragment (6Q23 [papWords of Michael] frag. 1) 379
5 Sheet number
6 Sewing between sheets, with writing across the seam (4Q213 [Levia] frag. 1) 383
7 Manuscript repair by stitching (4Q547 [Visions of Amrame] frag. 5) 384
8 Examples of large and small scroll heights (to approximate relative scale) 388
9 Guide dots (1Q20 [apGen] col. 22) 392
10 Guide dots (4Q545 [Visions of Amramc] frag. 3) 392
11 Part of the end of a scroll (4Q245 [psDanc] frag. 2) 392
12 The partial beginning of a scroll (4Q571 [Words of Michaela]) 393
13 Examples of column width (to approximate relative scale) 393
14 Example of a wide column and an exceptionally large number of letters per line (5Q15 [NJ] frag. 1) 396
15 Line spacing examples (to approximate relative scale) 397
16 Example of a fairly typical upper to lower margin ratio (4Q246 [apocrDan] frag. 1) 398
17 Small and large top margins (to approximate relative scale) 399
18 Intercolumnar margins (to approximate relative scale) 400
19 Intercolumnar margin (4Q530 [EnGiantsb] frag. 2) 401
20 Intercolumnar margin with seam (4Q553 [Four Kingdomsb] frag. 8) 401
21 Formal Hasmonean script (4Q543 [Visions of Amrama]) 405
22 Semi-formal Hasmonean script (4Q542 [TQahat]) 405
23 Semi-cursive Hasmonean scripts (4Q201 [Ena] and 6Q23 [papWords of Michael]) 405
24 Formal Herodian script (1Q20 [apGen]) 406
25 Semi-formal Herodian script (4Q536 [Birth of Noahc]) 406
26 Semi-cursive Herodian script (6Q8 [papGiants]) 406
27 Cursive scripts from the Judean Desert, as drawn by F.M. Cross 406
28 Letter height (to approximate relative scale) 408
29 A column with small, medium, and large vacats (1Q20 [apGen] 22) 411
30 A column with no vacats (4Q212 [Eng] 1iii–v) 412
31 Palaeo-Hebrew divine name (4Q243 [psDana] 1.2) 414
32 Partially extant tetrapuncta (4Q196 [papToba] 18.15) 415
33 Dicolon (two dots) to signal minor sense-division (4Q156 [Lev?] 1.6) 416
34 Erasure of one letter and at least two words by scraping (11Q10 [Job] 21ii.5–6) 416
35 Deletion of a letter with a vertical line (4Q530 [EnGiantsb] 7i.1) 416
36 Deletion of a word with a horizontal line (4Q533 [EnGiantse] 3.2) 416
37 Deletion with cancellation dot above the letter (4Q208 [Enastra] 16.4 and 18.2) 417
38 Deletion with cancellation dots above and below a letter (1Q20 [apGen] 5.9) 417
39 Supralinear addition of a letter (4Q531 [EnGiantsc] 17.1) 417
40 Scribal insertion mark below supralinear word (4Q196 [papToba] 6.8) 417
41 Supralinear addition of multiple words (4Q202 [Enb] 1ii.2) 417
42 Sublinear letter added (4Q559 [papBiblical Chronology] 4.5) 418
43 Vertical insertion of text (4Q542 [TQahat] 3) 418
44 Tav written over another letter (4Q208 [Enastra] 5.2) 418
45 Marginal paragraphos symbol (4Q532 [EnGiantsd] 1ii.7) 419
46 Marginal “fishhook” paragraphos symbols (4Q213 [Levia] 1.ii11 and 4Q213a [Levib] 2.10–11) 419
47 Excellent original quality manuscript (4Q209 [Enastrb] 23) 421
48 Good original quality manuscript (4Q213a [Levib] 1, 2) 422
49 Fair original manuscript quality (4Q542 [TQahat] 1) 422
Tables
1 Skin and papyrus manuscripts arranged by palaeographic date (youngest to oldest) 380
2 Carbon-dated manuscripts 381
3 Manuscripts with height and length substantially preserved 387
4 Manuscripts with only height substantially preserved 387
5 Vertical ruling on both sides of columns 389
6 Vertical ruling on right side of column only where left margin is extant 389
7 Vertical ruling on right side of column where left margin is not extant 390
8 Ruled script lines 390
9 Manuscripts with marginal dots for marking script guidelines 391
10 Column size (height and width) 394
11 Column size (only full width known) 395
12 Column size (only full height known) 395
13 Vacats arranged by size 412
Charts
1 Letters per line (average) 396
2 Line spacing (mm) 397
3 Top margin size (mm) 398
4 Bottom margin size (mm) 399
5 Intercolumnar margin size (mm; without seam) 400
6 Intercolumnar margin size (mm; with seam) 401
7 Margin to seam (mm) 401
8 Chronological distribution 407
9 Letter height (mm) 407