Abbreviations
| BSOAS | Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |
| EI1 | Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1st ed., Leiden 1913–38 |
| EI2 | Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed., Leiden 1954–2004 |
| EI3 | Encyclopaedia of Islam Three, Leiden 2007– |
| GJ | Geographical Journal |
| JA | Journal Asiatique |
| JRAS / RAS | Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |
| JRCAS | Journal of the Royal Central Asiatic Society |
| JRGS | Journal of the Royal Geographical Society |
| MEJ | The Middle East Journal |
| RMM | Revue du Monde Musulman |
| SOAS | School of Oriental and African Studies |