William James and the (Non) Replication Crisis in Psychology: Conjectures and Controversy in the Psychology of Religion

Ralph W. Hood

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Chapter 19 William James and the (Non) Replication Crisis in Psychology: Conjectures and Controversy in the Psychology of Religion

In: Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 32

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Ralph W. Hood Jr.

Ralph W. Hood Jr.
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Type:: Chapter

Pages:: 373–398

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004505315_021

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Abstract

The question of whether psychology ought to be or is a science remains an open issue for both historical and philosophical reasons. Recent proposals for a theistic psychology clash most strongly with advocates of psychological science which are largely restricted to an epistemological naturalism. Theistic psychologies transcend epistemological naturalism and introduce non-material ontological considerations into psychology as a possible competing paradigm in which spiritual realities co-exist with the physical and are explicitly acknowledged. The history of these two competing paradigms characterizes the history of Division 36 of the APA and remain live options. Efforts to establish psychology as a natural science, divorced from philosophy can be traced to William James who treated psychology as if it were a natural science in his Principles of Psychology while cognizant of serious philosophical conundrums that led him to abandon a strict epistemological naturalism in his study of religion. In James’ Variety of Religious Experience advocates of theistic psychology have a model for an alternative to the preferred naturalist paradigm in the American study of religion and spirituality. James’ suggestions for an alternative paradigm based upon empirical studies that evaluate secular and theistic psychologies within their cultural contexts can provide the realization of a conversation between advocates of what otherwise are largely philosophically incommensurate paradigms for psychology as a unique discipline.

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Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 32

Lesser Heard Voices in Studies of Religion

Series: Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume: 32

Cover Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 32

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004505315

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 12 Apr 2022

Subjects
- Religious Studies
- Social Sciences
  - Religion & Society

Front Matter

Open Section

Edited by

Ralph W. Hood and Sariya Cheruvallil-Contractor

Special section 1 Religion or Belief in Higher Education

Edited

by Sariya Cheruvallil-Contractor

Special section 2 Cultural Blindness in Psychology

Edited by

Louise Sundararajan

Special section 3 Religious Authority in Practice in Contemporary Evangelical, Charismatic and Pentecostal Christianity

Edited by

Maren Freudenberg, Martin Radermacher and Sebastian Schüler

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Chapter 19 William James and the (Non) Replication Crisis in Psychology: Conjectures and Controversy in the Psychology of Religion

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Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 32

Lesser Heard Voices in Studies of Religion

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