Figures
1.1 Relationships between written symbols and linguistic units 2
1.2 Rogers’ (2005) classification of writing systems 6
1.3 Typology of writing systems as proposed by Unger (2004) 7
1.4 French’s (1976) classification of writing systems 9
1.5 Basic subtypes of glottography and the respective functions of graphs 10
1.6 Diachronic development of
1.7 Development of the polyvalence of
3.1 Deep structure of discontinuous writing 148
3.2 Small-sized unread characters in the Katsuragawa jizōki (National Diet Library) 203
3.3 Print edition of the Shinkan Azuma kagami (Waseda University Library) 210
3.4 Shinpukuji ms. of the Kojiki, facsimile edition in Yamada (1945) (National Diet Library) 211
3.5 Autograph of the Heihanki (Main Library, Kyoto University) 212
3.6 Hiramatsuke ms. of the Heike monogatari (Main Library, Kyoto University) 213
3.7 Manuscript of the Unshū shōsoku (National Institute of Japanese Literature) 215
3.8 Draft of an imperial edict, facsimile in Sasaki and Hashimoto (1921) (National Diet Library) 216
3.9 Print edition of the Mana Ise monogatari (Waseda University Library) 217
Tables
2.1 Overview of Japanese terms 34
2.2 Overview of English terms 43
3.1 Morphography during the Heian period: newly emerging genres 52
3.2 Morphography during the Heian period: aristocratic diaries 53
3.3 Morphography during the Kamakura/Muromachi periods: aristocratic diaries 55
3.4 Morphography during the Kamakura/Muromachi periods: war tales 56
3.5 Morphography during the Kamakura/Muromachi periods: letter writing 57
3.6 Morphography during the Edo period: letter writing 58
3.7 Edo period manabon 59
3.8 Non-sequential graphs (constituent level) 80
3.9 Non-sequential graphs (sentence level) 85
3.10 Degrees of underspelling of omopꞏanꞏaku⸗ni 96
3.11 Commonly underspelled inflectional suffixes in the Man’yōshū 102
3.12 Other commonly underspelled suffixes in the Man’yōshū 102
3.13 Commonly underspelled enclitics in the Man’yōshū 103
3.14 Uncommonly underspelled inflectional suffixes in the Man’yōshū 103
3.15 Other uncommonly underspelled suffixes in the Man’yōshū 104
3.16 Uncommonly underspelled enclitics in the Man’yōshū 104
3.17 Underspelled free morphemes in the Man’yōshū 105
3.18 Formation of trivalent verbs in morphographic texts 123
3.19 Passives with
3.20 Passives with
3.21 Passives with
3.22 Passives in the Shōmonki 134
3.23 Causatives in the Midō kanpakuki 141
3.24 Morphographically written honorifics before the ninth century 153
3.25 Morphographically written honorifics in kiroku-go 153
3.26 Morphographically written honorifics in sōrōbun 153
3.27 Abstract nouns in kiroku-go 156
3.28 Abstract nouns in sōrōbun 157
3.29 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Man’yōshū (1) 159
3.30 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Man’yōshū (2) 161
3.31 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Shinsen Man’yōshū (1) 167
3.32 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Shinsen Man’yōshū (2) 168
3.33 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Mana Ise monogatari (1) 169
3.34 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Mana Ise monogatari (2) 171
3.35 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Mana Tsurezuregusa (1) 174
3.36 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Mana Tsurezuregusa (2) 176
3.37 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Mana Hyakunin isshu (1) 182
3.38 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Mana Hyakunin isshu (2)
3.39 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Man’yō Hyakunin isshu (1) 185
3.40 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Man’yō Hyakunin isshu (2) 186
3.41 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Man’yōgana Ogura hyakushu (1) 188
3.42 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Man’yōgana Ogura hyakushu (2) 190
3.43 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Kokinshū manajikai (1) 191
3.44 Morphographic spellings of bound morphemes in the Kokinshū manajikai (2) 193
3.45 Stylistic classification 218