Abundance
28 , 31 , 58 , 184
Accounting
97 , 104n.2 , 124 , 176 , 184 –185
Accountability
26 , 31 , 77
Aggregation
45 , 103 , 137 , 188
Allocation
mercantile
185
of labor
57 , 60 , 116 , 163n. , 176 –177 , 183
of resources
76 , 115 , 165 , 189 , 199
of use values
192
Aristotle (384–322 bc)
13
Austrian School of Economics
100 , 103 –104 , 108 , 111 , 114n. , 201n. , 204
Babeuf, François Noël (1760–1797)
72 , 73n.
Bank of the people
172 , 174
Barone, Enrico (1859–1924)
104n.2 , 108n.
Behavior
bourgeois
11 –12 , 16 –17 , 19 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 53 , 66 , 101 , 113 , 117 , 163 , 206
human
12 , 15 , 26 –27 , 101 , 113 , 117 , 163 , 206
Bentham, Jeremy (1748–1832)
101 , 107 , 120 , 162
Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von (1851–1914)
74 , 76 , 79 , 100n. , 104 , 108 –113
Capital income (interest, rent, profit)
49 , 71 , 74 –75 , 84 –86 , 90 , 108 , 136 , 168 , 185 , 197
China
8n. , 171n. , 185
Clark, John Bates (1847–1938)
108n. , 114n.
Collectivization
31 , 73n. , 77 , 120 , 170 , 184
Commodity
fetishism
62 , 67 , 69 , 77 , 81 , 115 , 117 , 119 , 123 , 205
labor power
18 , 37 , 50 , 66 , 70n.2 , 76 , 128 , 137 , 150 , 153 , 164 , 166 , 175 –176 , 179
relations
6 , 12 , 23 , 55 , 60 , 82 , 176 , 182 , 196 , 202
reproduction
123
simple and expanded reproduction
54 , 87 , 127 , 161 , 193
theory of the
4 –5 , 8 , 61 –62 , 146 , 148 , 155 , 160 , 162
Communism
and economic calculation
77
and education
197
and the law of value
196 , 200
as economic system
60 , 130 , 131 , 139 –140 , 168 , 170 , 197
as real movement
8n. , 132 , 138 , 183 , 185
in distinction to socialism
76 , 83 , 85 , 87 , 131 , 173
primitive/non-primitive
130 , 139
See also
economic planning
Competition
market
11 , 16 , 31 , 43 , 48 , 51 , 57 , 87n. , 107 , 121 –123 , 135 –136 , 187 –188 , 195
theories of value in
65 , 94 , 120 , 126 , 179 , 201 , 207
Constant and variable capital
49 , 189n.
Consumer
as bourgeois decider
54 , 60 , 95 , 99 , 119
and producer
107
needs
37 , 48
satisfaction
92 , 104
subjective evaluation
57
Consumption
35 , 37 , 83 , 85 , 112 –113 , 118 , 149n.
Corn model
45
Costs of production
35 , 37 , 120 , 165
Crisis
118 , 160 , 186 –187 , 193 –194 , 197
Cuba
8n. , 185
Currency
158n.
David Ricardo (1772–1823)
and Principles of Political Economy
10n. , 71
and the labor theory of value
37 , 44 –46 , 72 , 74 –75 , 96 –98 , 153n. , 163n.
and the law of value
47 , 49 , 54 , 57
Debt
40 , 46
Economic calculation
76 –77 , 86 , 104 , 107 , 169 , 173 , 183 –185
Economic planning
and class struggle
167 –168 , 185 , 194 –196 , 199 –200
in accordance with the law of value
107 , 160 , 170 , 176 –177 , 187 –189 , 197 –198
in opposition to the law of value
10 , 187
and class struggle
177
for the regulation of capitalism
118 –119 , 197 –198
imperialist
38 , 51 , 135
of distribution
121
Economic science
and private property
88
and illuminism
17
and the law of value
186 , 201
appropriated by the socialist movement
67
classical and neoclassical
93 , 97 –99 , 107 , 115 , 194
founding moment
10 –12 , 18 , 82 , 183 , 186
Marx’s contribution to
126 , 128 –129 , 131 , 138 , 147 , 201 –202 , 204 –206
teaching
65
theoretical core of
60 , 90
value theory in
153 –154
under dispute by different classes
166 –167
See also
Vulgar Political Economy
;
economists
;
liberalism
Economic structural adjustment
42 , 56 –57 , 59 , 100 , 160 , 161n. , 174 , 179
Economists
capital-allied
2n. , 74 , 79 –80 , 90
followers of Marx
7 , 88 , 93 , 183 , 203
heterodox
107 , 111 , 121 , 201 , 204
official
23 , 37 , 46 , 71 , 83 , 88 , 131
progressive
8n. , 66 , 70n.2 , 200 , 203
See also
Non-Marxian
Education
9 , 70n.2 , 126n. , 196 –197 , 204
Empirical prices
10 , 47 , 52 –53 , 56 , 59 , 92 –93 , 151 , 186
Engels, Friedrich (1820–1895)
on Darwin’s theory of the evolution of life forms
130
on human labor and economic output
79
on Marx’s role in surpassing Hegel’s system
144n.
on the law of value
8n. , 10n. , 49 , 57 , 163n.
on the principle of full payment for labor as a formally false solution
168 –171
on the transformation of values into production prices
92 , 176 , 203
Equilibrium
general
106
in political economy
93 , 94n. , 95n.
internal and external dimension as logical basis for deviation from
100
natural
35 , 59 , 93 , 192 , 56 , 192 , 195
of the reproduction system
43 , 52 , 95n. , 105 , 174
See also
logic of equilibrated restauration
;
reproduction
;
Say’s law
Fable of the Bees
24 , 28 –30 , 32 , 34 , 35
See also
Adam Smith on Mandeville
Factors of production
95 , 110 , 112
Financial sphere
75 , 110
Fisher, Irving (1867–1947)
108n. , 114n.
Gossen, Hermann Heinrich (1810–1858)
98n.
Gravitation/oscillation of price around values
1 , 10n. , 36 –37 , 39 –40 , 43 –44 , 52 , 56 , 110 , 118
Gray, John (1799–1883)
54 , 169 , 173 –174
Great Depression/Crash/crisis of 1929
171n. , 185 , 186
Growth
balanced trajectory
199
controlled
198
economic
46
of capital
52 , 60 , 118 , 188 , 193 –194 , 197
of population
97 , 113
Hand in hand (value and use value go)
160 , 193 , 197
Hayek, Friedrich August von (1899–1992)
100n. , 114n.
Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679)
21 –23
Hodgskin, Thomas (1787–1869)
54 , 73 –74
Homo economicus
18 –19 , 81 , 89 , 106 , 113 , 115 , 161n. , 164 , 194
See also
naturalization and Robinson Crusoe
Idealism
86 , 111 , 132 , 138 –139 , 141 –143
See also
materialism
Ideology
77 , 173
bourgeois
62 , 153
of private property
18
of equal rights for all humans
122 –123
of the capitalist class
126n.
of the free market
82
of the ruling class
125
suitable for market society
22
Industrial
capitalist
73 , 129 , 147
Revolution
36 , 38 , 58 , 75 , 113 , 137 , 195
Investment
60 , 112
Jevons, William Stanley (1835–1882)
against the Ricardian School
100
combining both quantitative and qualitative analysis
105
on calculus of pleasure and pain
96 , 103
on changing the name of Political Economy to Economics
99
on mathematical works in Political Economy
97 , 101
Justice
10n. , 26 , 37 , 39 , 43 , 72 , 74 –75 , 77 , 90 , 132 , 168
Keynesian economics
204
Keynes, John Maynard (1883–1946)
94n. , 119 , 194 –195 , 196
Knight, Frank (1885–1972)
104n.2 , 114n.
Labor vouchers
169 , 172 –174 , 185
Laissez-faire
51 , 102 , 135 –136 , 186 , 188 , 206
See also
liberalism
Lange, Oskar (1904–1965)
and Langean antropophagy
104n.
in communication with Piero Sraffa
94n. , 201n.
in the socialist economic calculation debate
104n.
on marginalist approach
94n. , 101 , 104
on the labor theory of value
80 , 155
on time theories of value
114n.
on universal and specific rules of the economy
139
Logic of equilibrated restauration
161 , 192
Liberalism
and anarchism
24
and economic science
199
and planning
185 , 194
and the law of value
197
classical
39 , 40 , 51 , 93 , 135 , 188
economic
10
neo-
39 , 135
See also
laissez-faire
List, Georg Friedrich (1789–1846)
100n. , 135
Locke, John (1632–1704)
21 –24 , 71
Machiavelli, Niccolò di Bernardo dei (1469–1527)
11 –12
Macroeconomics
45 , 159
Mainstream economics
and capitalist apology
93 , 105n.2
and Marxism
131
and the law of value
127
contribution to the development of the theory of value
91
current of value theory
61 , 126n.
neoclassical
95 –96 , 104n. , 120n.
Malthus, Thomas (1766–1834)
58 , 73 , 96 –97 , 99 –100
Market prices
4n. , 35 , 43 , 56 , 78 , 180
Marshall, Alfred (1842–1924)
61 , 99 , 108n. , 120
Materialism
historical
14 , 130n.
dialectical
101 , 141
vulgar
143
See also
idealism
Mathematical formalization
48 , 57 , 97 , 99 , 105
Matrix
input/output
170 , 189 , 191 –192
use value
173 , 189 , 191 –192
Maximization
impetus of
19
of utility
103 –104 , 120n.
Menger, Carl (1840–1921)
and anti-socialism
104
and methodological individualism
102 –103
and subjectivism
109
on mathematical formalization
105
Methodenstreit
100n. , 111 , 201n.
Micro and Macro
103 , 163 , 176
Mill, John Stuart (1806–1873)
17n. , 55 , 57 , 72 , 74 , 96 , 101
Mises, Ludwig von (1881–1973)
79 , 104n.2 , 184
Nationalökonomie/Volkswirtschaft
102 , 136
Naturalization
as the error made by both strands of non-Marxian political economy
164
denaturalization (opposite of)
109 , 180 , 182
in the explanation of interest
84
of capitalism
89 , 125
of commodity
87 , 110
of poverty
58
of social relationships
67 , 108
of the labor theory of value
64 , 78
of the utility theory of value
115 –116
See also
Homo economicus and Robinson Crusoe
Natural prices
52
Nature
and society
3 , 55 , 68 , 78 , 113 , 182
human-nature relationship
64 –65 , 78 , 80 –81 , 84 , 108 , 117 , 129 , 152 , 154 , 180 –181 , 203 , 205
human-human relationship
38 , 64 –65 , 117 , 180 –181 , 203
forces of
36 , 38 , 51 , 110 , 157
laws of
3 , 58 , 81 , 114 , 190 , 197
transformation of
14 , 15 , 23 , 37 , 42 , 45 , 50 , 66 , 136 –137 , 145 , 182
See also
science
New Economic Policy (nep)
185
Non-Marxian
economics/political economy
7 , 61 , 62n. , 82 , 88 , 90 , 94n. , 114 , 116 , 125 , 131 , 164 , 201 –207
socialists
86 , 99 , 129 , 180 , 203
theories of value
62 , 93 , 101 –102 , 124 , 148 , 154
Oligopoly capitalism
171
Ordinal and cardinal utility
104n. , 126n.
Orthodox Marxism
141 , 203
Pareto, Vilfredo (1848–1923)
104n.2 , 108n. , 120n.
Petty, William (1623–1687)
17n. , 47 , 71 , 97
Pigou, Arthur Cecil (1877–1959)
120n.
Plato (428/427 or 424/423–348/347 bc)
11
Power
market
121 –122
of commanding labor
14 , 41 –42 , 95
of money
32
purchasing
170
relations
5 , 12 , 22 , 73 , 108 , 113 , 138 , 178 , 198
theory of value as a theory of
125
to control wealth
127
to create value
76
Pre-Marx
labor theory of value
49 , 64 , 85
political economy
33 , 77
socialist economics
61 , 69 –70 , 76 , 78 , 80 , 82 –83 , 109 , 117 , 143 , 169 , 205
Protectionism
51 , 135 –136
Producer
48 , 95 , 107 , 122 , 137 , 159 , 166 , 171
Production and distribution
and material interests
19 , 128
capitalist
15 , 113 , 167 , 178
framed by the laws of nature
114
market/bourgeois/commodity
77 , 83 , 116 , 119 , 123 , 169 , 172 –173
non-capitalist
18 , 138
organization
13 –15 , 38 , 62 , 68 , 77n. , 111 , 164 , 176 , 196
separated
37 , 54 , 55 , 127
unity of
55 , 57 , 59 , 127
Proletariat
11 , 63
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph (1809–1865)
Marx on
172 , 181n.2
on money reform
174
on the law of value
10n. , 83 –88 , 165 –166 , 168 –169
Quesnay, François (1694–1774)
25 , 97 , 161 , 189 , 192
Reproduction
and the law of value
163 , 167 , 170
capital/capitalist
44 , 118 , 185 , 187 –188
control over economic
177 –178 , 185
cycle
14 , 48
economic
31 , 47 , 51 , 128 , 175 , 195 , 199
expanded
54 , 161
expanded equilibrated
87n.
material
15 , 41 , 52 , 78 , 111 , 132 , 160 , 196
schemes of
160 , 189 –191 , 193 –194
See also
commodity and equilibrium
Ricardian socialists/School
54 , 59 , 61 , 69 , 74 , 90 , 100 , 107 , 119 , 148 , 169
and accumulation of capital
66 , 113 , 118 , 137
and commodity fetishism
81 , 115 , 160 , 164 , 203 –205
and economic calculation
76 , 110 , 112
and labor theory of value
117 , 152 , 153 –154
and material reproduction
79
and utility theory of value
101 , 106 , 154
paradox
160
novel by Daniel Defoe
65
Rodbertus, Johann Karl (1805–1875)
74 , 167 –171 , 176
Rubin, Isaak Illich (1886–1937)
16 , 51 , 58 –60 , 101 , 124 , 204
Saint-Simon, Henri de (1760–1825)
72 –73 , 172
Say, Jean-Baptiste (1767–1832)
54 , 58 , 118
Say’s law
94n. , 104
Scarcity
58
Science
as such
15 , 73 , 207
natural
65 , 78 , 79 , 95 –96 , 102 , 131 , 192
of value
10 , 16 –17 , 19 , 121 , 131 , 145 , 162 , 202
social/of politics
12 , 64 , 90 , 109 , 127 , 130 –131
Self-interest
14 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 25 , 28 , 31 –32 , 106 , 122
Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard de (1773–1842)
17n. , 72 , 90n.
Smith, Adam (1723–1790)
and Theory of Moral Sentiments
13 , 24 –30 , 32 –33 , 202
and Wealth of Nations
10 , 12 , 14 , 24 –25 , 28 –29 , 33 , 38 , 41 , 71 , 136 , 202
on Mandeville
25 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 34
on value
5n. , 10 , 14 , 36 –39 , 41 –44 , 47 , 52 –53 , 55 , 71 –72
under influence of Mercantilism/Physiocracy
14 –15 , 18 , 35 –36 , 38 , 51 –52 , 80 , 135 , 202
Soviet Union
8n. , 171n. , 185
Sraffa, Piero (1898–1983)
and marginalism
91 , 93 –94 , 101
in communication with Oskar Lange
94n. , 201n.
Sraffa’s model
153n. , 156 –159 , 160 , 189n. , 190
Sraffa shock
48n.
State capitalism
171n. , 187 , 189
Supply and demand
10n. , 39 , 46 , 68 , 92 , 176 , 198
Surplus
approach
91 , 108 –109
labor
50
output
45 , 82 , 193
value
46 , 49 –54 , 57 , 70 , 84 , 176
Technical coefficients of production
52 –53 , 120 , 161n. , 179 , 193
Technology
57 , 111n. , 112 , 190
Thompson, William (1775–1833)
120 –122
Time theory of value
114n.
Transformation problem
4n. , 43 –44 , 46 , 48 , 75 , 151 , 153n. , 183 , 203
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques (1727–1781)
25
Unequal exchange
70 , 75
Utilitarianism
32 , 107 , 120 –121 , 162 , 203 , 205
Utility function
93 , 101 , 103 , 107 , 112 , 117
Usury
84
Vulgarization
30 , 59 , 89 , 94n. 204
Vulgar political economy
Marx’s definition of
17n. , 54
progressive
54 , 59 , 61 , 63 , 77 , 78 , 98 , 114 , 125 , 147 –148 , 181n. , 203 –205
reactionary
61 , 63 , 78 , 98 , 114 , 125 , 129 , 147 , 203 –205
Wage
labor
10n. , 52 , 76 , 136 , 170 , 176
wage (income)
71 , 77 , 82 , 85 , 90 , 136 , 182
worker
54 , 129 , 133 –134 , 137 , 148 , 150 , 164
working class
132 , 139 –140 , 162 , 164 , 166 , 175 , 180
Walras, Léon (1834–1910)
Walrasian auctioneer
107
Walras’ methodology
105
Walras’ system
106
Water-diamond paradox
36 , 41 , 71 , 96 , 202
Wealth
51 , 82 , 158 , 176 , 188
abstract
3 , 42 , 51 , 53 , 65 , 92 , 99 , 123 , 146 , 148 , 150 , 159 , 163 , 170 , 177 , 188 , 197 , 199 , 204
of the people
136
science of
7 , 64 , 128 , 135 , 145 , 147
Welfare
103 , 120n.
Wellbeing
17 , 29 , 120 –122 , 150
Wicksell, Knut (1851–1926)
108 , 114n.
Wicksteed, Philip Henry (1844–1927)
108n.
Wieser, Friedrich von (1851–1926)
108n. , 114n.
World War (i and ii)
40 , 108 , 171 , 185 , 188 , 202