Index
bagua 八卦 (eight trigrams)
37 , 123 –125 , 233 –234
hexagrams
37 , 92 , 109 , 123 –124 , 126 –130 , 199 –200 , 234 , 247 , 251 –252 , 273
ben 本 (primary root or foundation)
10 , 121 –122 , 272 –273
benti 本体 (ontological being)
31 , 91 , 97 , 158 , 181 , 230 , 245
xinzhi benti 心之本体 (the ontological/onto-being of the mind)
49 , 97 , 155 , 157 , 159 , 219 , 227 , 250 , 285 , 290
yiben 一本 (one and the same root) versus erben 二本 (two roots)
11 , 42 –43 , 249 –250
cheng 诚 (truthfulness)
15 , 98 –99 , 243 –269 , 291
the cheng of Heaven and the cheng of man
15 , 244 –245 , 247 –248 , 254 , 257 –258 , 260
cheng as the Dao of Heaven (
See
the Dao of Heaven and Earth
)
cheng as the Dao of man (
See
renyi as the Dao of man
)
jingcheng 精诚 or zhicheng 至诚 (utmost/supreme truthfulness)
76 , 89 , 245 –249 , 253 –255 , 257 , 260 , 269; wuwang 无妄 (no fallacy) 247 , 251 –253 , 273
sicheng 思诚 (the wish to become truthful)
244
cheng qiyi 诚其意 (cultivating a truthful will/mind)
247 , 261 –262 , 269
cheng (qi)shen 诚 (其)身 (cultivating a truthful self)
244 , 247 , 260 –261 , 269
fanshen ercheng 反身而诚 (returning to reflect upon the truthfulness of one’s own self)
15 , 243 , 247 , 249 , 260 , 269 , 271 –272 , 281 , 286 , 291
jing 敬 (respect)
24 , 108 , 171 , 174 , 177 –178 , 190 , 205 , 207 , 237 , 245 , 247 , 258 , 263 –265 , 266 –268 , 283 , 289
gongjing 恭敬 (reverence or deferential respect)
159 , 264
jingwei 敬畏 (awe or reverence)
164 –165 , 177 , 264
zunjing 尊敬 (respecting/honoring/esteeming)
13 , 173 , 190 –191
See also
zun dexing 尊德性
shishi qiushi 实事求是 (seek the truth of things by observing their real conditions)
245 , 248
See also
chengxin 诚信 (honor and respect gained via being cheng or truthful)
chi 耻 (shame) or chiru 耻辱 (insulting shame)
15 , 40 –41 , 68 –69 , 72 , 161 , 167 , 180 , 187 , 209 , 248 , 259
Chinese metaphysics of the first principle/primary cause/prime mover
2 –4 , 6 –7 , 9 –10 , 12 –13 , 15 –16 , 19 , 25 , 29 –30 , 32 –38 , 57 , 74 , 77 , 108 , 110 , 113 , 122 , 124 , 135 , 160 , 255 , 273
See also
lixue 理学 and xinxue 心学
Chinese metaphysics of morals/moral metaphysics
2 –3 , 9 , 14 –16 , 18 –19 , 21 –22 , 25 , 29 –30 , 33 , 44 , 46 , 50 –52 , 55 –57 , 60 –65 , 70 , 73 –75 , 105 , 116 , 131 , 218 , 281 the ethical republicanism signified by li or liyue
the Dao or innate nature as the metaphysical foundation/root of Chinese morals
2 –3 , 6 , 15 –16 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 –25 , 32 , 39 –43 , 49 , 55 –56 , 58 , 65 , 67 , 72 , 74 , 76 , 78 , 80 , 96 , 98 , 100 , 110 , 120 , 128 , 131 –137 , 139 , 141 , 146 , 160 , 164 , 166 , 170 , 172 , 184 , 187 –188 , 192 , 196 –197 , 199 , 207 , 214 , 217 , 219 , 245 , 258 , 265 , 284 , 287 –288 , 296
morality of human/innate nature
10 , 15 , 30 –31 , 43 –46 , 49 , 66 , 72 , 80 , 159
good and/or evil,
2 , 8 , 31 –32 , 43 , 76 , 94 , 96 , 100 , 109 , 124 , 137 , 140 , 156 –160 , 166 , 216 , 266 , 295
shared metaphysical foundation of good and evil
31 –32 , 46 –49
See also
innate/inborn virtues
See also
liangzhi 良知 (innate conscience)
moral cosmopolitanism
132 , 135 –136 , 138 –141 , 146
Chinese moral versus metaphysical first principle
2 –3 , 54 , 60
the joining/union of morals and metaphysics
5 , 7 , 9 , 12 –13 , 110 , 274
See
the joining of zhidao 至道 and zhide 至德
See
zun dexing 尊德性 and dao xuewen 道学问
moral and metaphysical certainty
7 , 10 , 14 , 54 , 271 , 274 , 287
See
Aristotelian happiness as a first principle
See
ren 仁 (benevolence) as the first moral principle
Chinese morals, methodological approach
comparative approach
17 –19 , 25 , 52 , 55 , 65 , 71 –72 , 77 , 80 , 98 , 216
consequentialist ethics
21 , 74 , 81
inductive approach
19
metaphysical approach
21
role ethics
21 –22
virtue ethics
21 –22 , 75 , 81 , 83 , 105
teleological virtue ethics
18 , 22 , 71 , 75 , 83 , 100
Confucian teleological virtue ethics
22 , 71 , 80 , 84 –85 , 90
See also
Aristotelian teleological virtue ethics
Dao 道 as the first principle/primary cause/prime mover
the Dao as the cosmic/cosmological/cosmogonic principle
li 理 (principle), tian 天 (Heaven), or tianli 天理 (the principle of Heaven)
1 , 9 , 13 , 30 , 37 –40 , 42 –43 , 47 –49 , 58 , 64 , 78 –79 , 86 , 97 , 134 , 143 , 146 , 150 , 155 , 158 –159 , 169 , 182 –183 , 199 , 219 , 227 –228 , 230 –231 , 249 –250 , 264 , 266 , 276 , 285 –286 , 288 –291 , 295
the Dao/law of Heaven and Earth
4 , 11 , 25 , 35 –37 , 44 , 57 , 69 , 87 , 89 , 98 –99 , 105 , 107 –109 , 112 –113 , 118 , 124 , 126 , 128 –129 , 132 –133 , 136 , 138 , 144 –145 , 185 , 187 , 197 –198 , 207 –208 , 218 , 221 –222 , 226 , 244 –246 , 248 , 251 , 253 , 255 , 258 , 260 , 263 , 265 , 271 , 287
the Dao as the law of Nature or yi 易 (the law of change)
1 , 6 , 9 , 13 , 15 , 18 , 29 –30 , 36 –37 , 61 , 64 , 106 , 109 , 136 , 245 , 273
the Dao as the substantial principle of unity
the instantiation/actualization/manifestation of the Dao or heavenly principle as innate nature/innate conscience
3 , 6 , 9 –10 , 29 –30 , 32 , 36 , 38 –40 , 42 , 55 , 57 , 69 , 77 , 80 , 110 , 125 , 134 , 169 , 199 , 218 , 227 –229
the instantiation/actualization/manifestation of the Dao or heavenly principle as you 有 (being) versus wu 无 (nonbeing)
9 –10 , 35 , 38 , 61 –62 , 64
See
the Dao or innate nature as the metaphysical foundation of Chinese morals
de 德 (virtue)
daode 道德 (the Dao and its Virtue).
See
Daode jing 道德经
the joining of zhidao 至道 (the supreme Dao) and zhide 至德 (the supreme Virtue)
9 , 13 –14
zun dexing 尊德性 (respecting the moral nature) and dao xuewen 道学问 (pursuing knowledge of the Dao)
13 –14 , 18 , 109
deshan 德善 (the good of virtue) and dexin 德信 (the credibility of virtue)
114 , 278
delun 德伦 (virtue ethics)
201
See
the four primal/primary virtues in siduan 四端 (four moral beginnings)
moral versus civic virtue/duty
22 –24 , 71 –73 , 90 , 107 , 110 , 115 , 118 –119 , 120 , 130 , 162 , 165 , 172 , 184 –185 , 180 , 187 –188 , 192 , 194 , 201 , 204
siwei 四维 (four moral cornerstones)
210
xuande 玄德 (metaphysical virtue)
14 , 25 , 49 , 105 , 107 –111 , 113 , 116 –117 , 129 –131
buzheng zhide 不争之德 (the virtue of non-competitiveness)
107 , 112
metaphysical versus temporal virtue
14 , 105 , 107 , 109 –110 , 112 –113 , 116 –117 , 120 , 123 , 129 –131 , 276
zhide 至德 (the supreme Virtue)
9 , 13 –14 9 , 29 , 31 , 39 , 46 –49 , 85 , 88 –89 , 100 , 107 , 109 , 111 , 113 , 125 –126 , 157 , 244 , 247 , 256 , 259
zhishan 至善 (the supreme or highest good)
15 , 49 , 72 –73 , 75 –76 , 80 , 84 –85 , 88 –91 , 100 , 235 –236 , 247 , 261 , 269
zhenshanmei 真善美 (the true, the good, and the beautiful)
76 , 85 , 88 –89 , 100 –101
fan 反, fu 复 (return), or fanfu 反复 (return)
15 , 252 , 272 –278 , 292 , 296
Fu 复 (self-reflection)
130
guanfu 观复 (observing the return)
275 –276
fanqiu zhuji 反求诸己 (returning to reflect upon the self for the cause of error or failure)
15 , 243 , 269 , 271 –272 , 281 –282 , 284 , 291 , 293 , 296
neixing 内省 (introspection or self-reflection)
271 , 279
See also
fanshen ercheng 反身而诚
gong 公 (the public)
145 –146
dagong zhixin 大公之心 (the great public mind)
154 –155
datong zhidao 大同之道 (the Dao of universal commonality)
140 –141 , 154 –155
guan 观 or zhenguan 贞观 (a cosmic perspective)
140 , 146 –149 , 153
he’er butong 和而不同 (harmony in diversity)
140
qiwulun 齐物论 (thesis of universal equality)
7 , 138 –141 , 145 –146
See also
moral cosmopolitanism
ji 己 or ziji 自己 (the self)
24 , 42 , 90 , 138 , 151
the foundational status/primacy of the self
25 –26 , 90 , 151 , 261 , 270 –272 , 274 , 287 , 290 –291
moral and epistemological freedom and autonomy/agency of the self
7 , 114 , 240 , 271 , 274 –278 , 287 –288 , 290 –291 , 296
qiu zhuji 求诸己 (seeking the cause of error or failure in one’s self)
271 , 280 –281
you zhuji 有诸己 (taking one’s self into account)
89 , 259 , 261 , 269 –270 , 280 –281 , 288 –289
the self as the moral measure or center
270 , 274 , 278 , 296
the self-critical/self-correcting spirit of the reflexive self
170 , 192 , 274 –275 , 278 –284 , 288 , 291 , 294 –296
juesi 绝四 (eliminating four habitual vices): wuyi 毋意 (not making ungrounded conjectures); wubi 毋必 (not making absolute or categorical claims); wugu 毋固 (not being rigid or inflexible); and wuwo 毋我 (not being self-centered or opinionated)
280
See
fanqiu zhuji 反求诸己
See
fanshen ercheng 反身而诚
xiushen 修身 (cultivating the self)
24 –25 , 42 , 90 –91 , 115 , 118 , 128 , 152 , 205 –206 , 231 , 236 , 247 –248 , 261 –262 , 268 , 271 , 279
chengji 成己 (fulfill oneself) and chengwu 成物 (help things fulfill themselves)
216 , 262 –263 , 271 –272
tuiji jiwu 推己及物 (extending concerns for the self to external things), or yiji jiwu 以己及物 (reaching things by virtue of the self)
150
zilü 自律 (self-discipline)
290
See also
qiu zhuji 求诸己
;
you zhuji 有诸己
See also
zhongshu 忠恕
junzi 君子 (a gentleman or a man of virtue)
10 , 24 , 200 , 267 –268 , 280 –281
li 礼 (ritual rites/etiquette/courtesy)
15 , 21 , 23 , 31 , 40 , 44 , 57 –58 , 73 , 163 , 172 –173 , 219
liyue zhidu 礼乐制度 (the ritual and musical system) or zhouli 周礼
21 –22 , 73 , 87 , 185 –189 , 190 –192 , 194 –209 , 210 –214
deontological function of liyue
21 –22 , 73 , 189
civic virtue/duty
25 , 91 , 116 , 173 –174
See also
moral versus civic virtue/duty
the ethical republicanism signified by liyue
185 , 188 –192 , 209 –214 190
guijian deng 贵贱等 (the equality of the noble and humble)
190
See also
jing 敬 (respect)
lilun 礼伦 (ritual ethics)
201
lizhi 礼治 (the rule of li 礼) versus fazhi 法治 (the rule of law)
206 , 208 –209
metaphysical foundation of li or liyue, the Dao/innate nature/ the law of universal equilibrium and harmony (zhonghe)
187 , 196 –199
renliguan 仁礼观 (renli thesis)
122 , 201 , 268
liangzhi 良知 (innate conscience)
41 , 49 , 69 –70 , 76 , 96 , 155 , 169 , 174 , 179 , 216 , 219 , 226 , 285 –286 , 290
liangneng 良能 (inborn capability)
41 , 174
zhi liangzhi 致良知 (working on wakening up or restoring one’s innate conscience)
156 , 159 , 181 , 227 –228 , 230 , 292 , 294 –295
Neo-Confucianism
2 , 18 –19 , 30 , 32 , 44 –46 , 70 , 79 , 126 , 141 , 156 , 199 , 222 , 267 , 274 , 284
lixue 理学 (metaphysics of li or principle)
4 , 37 , 48 , 57 , 154 , 157 , 169 , 250 –251 , 286
xinxue 心学 (metaphysics of the mind)
5 , 37 , 48 , 57 , 65 , 96 , 138 , 153 –154 , 157 , 169 , 181 –182 , 227 , 249 –250 , 285 –286
qianyuan 乾元 (the pristine Virtue of Heaven)
107 , 126 –127
heng 亨 (smooth success), li 利 (benefit), yuan 元 (pristine Virtue), and zhen 贞 (constancy)
123 , 126 –128
ren 仁 (benevolence)
3 , 11 , 15 , 23 , 31 , 39 –40 , 43 –44 , 57 –58 , 122 , 125 , 161 , 164
cosmopolitan/public benevolence
136 –139 , 141 , 144 , 146 , 148 –153 , 155 –156 , 158 , 160 , 295
buren 不仁 (non-benevolence)
11 , 122 , 135 , 137 , 144 –146 , 149
daren 大仁 (great benevolence)
144 –145 , 149
jianji tianxia 兼济天下 (provide and care for the world)
152
liren 里仁 (taking benevolence as one’s habitual residence)
143
liren 立人 (help others establish themselves) and daren 达人 (help others succeed)
151 –152
See also
moral cosmopolitanism
See also
tuiji jiwu 推己及物 or yiji jiwu 以己及物
ren 仁 (benevolence) as the first moral principle
29 , 49 , 135 , 141 –142
xiao 孝 (filial piety)
10 , 23 , 204 –205 , 267
zhongshu 忠恕 (loyalty and mercy)
121 –122 , 149 –150
renyi 仁义 (benevolence and justice) as the Dao of man
23 , 105 , 107 , 122 , 132 , 150 , 156 , 161 –163 , 166 , 169 , 172 –174 , 184 –185 , 207 , 244 –245 , 248 , 268
See also
renliguan 仁礼观
siduan 四端 (four moral beginnings)
1 , 15 –16 , 23 , 31 , 40 –41 , 43 –44 , 57 , 67 –68 , 72 –73 , 126 –127 , 133 , 139 , 151 –152 , 172 , 216 , 248 , 258 , 296
four innate senses of ceyin 恻隐 (pity), xiuwu 羞恶 (shame), cirang 辞让 (humility), and shifei 是非 (right and wrong)
15 , 40 –41 , 68 , 72 , 77 , 248 , 258
four primal/primary virtues
15 , 19 –20 , 25 , 31 , 41 , 43 , 45 , 57 –59 , 61 , 67 , 72 –73 , 85 , 88 , 160 , 229 , 259
innate/inborn virtues
41 , 45 , 66 –67 , 72 , 167 , 252
metaphysical foundation of siduan or the four primal virtues (
see
the Dao or innate nature as the metaphysical foundation of Chinese morals
)
xin 信 (honesty/trustworthiness/credibility)
89 , 247 , 257 –259 , 263 , 283
chengxin 诚信 (honor and respect gained via being cheng or truthful)
247
xinyu 信誉 (honor or reputation)
247
zhongxin 忠信 (loyalty and honesty)
121 , 186 , 257
xin 心 (heart/mind)
1 , 31 , 41 , 151 , 153 –155 xinzhi benti 心之本体 (the ontological/onto-being of the mind)
benxin 本心 (the original mind)
33 , 41 , 179 , 250 , 285 –286 , 292
buren zhixin 不忍之心 (a heart/mind that cannot bear to see others suffer)
41 , 96 , 134 , 151; ceyin zhixin 恻隐之心 (a compassionate heart/mind) 41 , 134
fang qixin 放其心 (disregarding the original heart/mind)
179
jinxin zhixing 尽心知性 (coming to know one’s innate nature by fully developing one’s heart/mind)
41 –42 , 227 , 230 –231 , 246 , 248 –250
renxin 人心 (the human mind) versus daoxin 道心 (the Dao mind)
181 –182
yangxin 养心 (nourishing the original heart/mind)
164 –165 , 179 , 181 , 184
xing 性 (innate nature)
3 , 6 , 9 –10 , 13 , 15 , 19 –20 , 29 –33 , 38 –45 , 47 –48 , 55 , 57 –59 , 61 , 64 , 66 –67 , 69 , 72 , 77 , 80 , 110 , 116 , 120 , 125 , 127 –129 , 134 , 159 , 164 , 168 , 180 –181 , 184 , 187 , 201 , 217 –219 , 225 –227 , 230 –231 , 234 , 236 –238 , 246 , 248 –252 , 256 , 263 , 265 , 283
innate nature as li 理 (principle), tian 天 (Heaven), or tianli 天理 (the principle of Heaven)
30 , 38 , 42 , 48
See
the Dao or innate nature as the metaphysical foundation of Chinese morals
See
the instantiation/actualization/manifestation of the Dao or heavenly principle as innate nature/innate conscience
See
siduan 四端 (four moral beginnings)
xingshan 性善 (an originally good nature)/original goodness
4 , 10 , 15 , 21 , 23 , 30 –32 , 41 , 43 –50 , 67 , 69 , 80 , 96 , 133 –136 , 139 –140 , 160 –161 , 164 , 166 , 169 , 179 , 227 , 283
Confucian humanity
68 –69 , 133 , 149 , 151 , 212 –214 , 267
evil or imperfect nature
4 , 31 –32 , 43 –44
See also
liangzhi 良知 (innate conscience)
sancai 三才 (the three talents of Heaven, Earth, and man)
105 , 132 , 185
See
renyi as the Dao of man
See
the Dao/law of Heaven and Earth
shengren 圣人 (the sages)
13 –14 , 44 , 57 , 85 –88 , 96 , 105 , 112 , 114 , 117 , 123 , 125 , 129 , 138 , 144 –145 , 147 , 155 , 157 –159 , 180 –181 , 187 , 197 , 213 , 220 , 222 –223 , 225 –226 , 230 –231 , 234 , 238 –239 , 243 , 253 –255 , 257 , 264 , 278
Six civic duties
24
ming mingde 明明德 (making illustrious the bright virtue); zhengxin 正心 (rectifying one’s mind); qijia 齐家 (putting one’s family in order); ping tianxia 平天下 (bringing peace to all under Heaven); zhiguo 治国 (engaging in good governance of the state)
25 , 90 –91 , 261. xiushen 修身 (cultivating the self)
wulun 五伦 (five cardinal relations)
22 –23 , 73 , 162 , 172 , 203
xing’er shang 形而上 or xuan 玄 (metaphysical)
35 –36 , 38
See
xuande 玄德 (metaphysical virtue)
xuanjian 玄鉴 (the metaphysical mirror)
219 –222
xuantong 玄同 (metaphysical unity)
6 , 35 , 58 , 138 , 140 , 146 –148 , 158 , 272 , 284 , 286
pu 朴 (primal simplicity)
35 –36 , 40 , 117 , 146
yi 一 (One)
12 , 36 , 40
tianren heyi 天人合一 (the unity of man and Heaven)
6 , 46 , 137 –138
xing’er xia 形而下(physical/corporeal)
36 , 38
qi 器 (instruments/things with corporeal shapes)
36
qi 气 (cosmic material forces)
36 , 38 –39 , 48 –49 , 142 , 144 , 158
qibing 气禀 (qi endowment)
38 , 158 –159 , 229 –230
yin 阴 (female) and yang 阳 (male) forces
9 , 29 , 36 , 39 , 48 , 79 –80 , 98 , 105 , 125 , 134
yi 义 (justice/justness)
15 , 23 , 31 , 40 –41 , 43 –45 , 57 –58 , 68 , 71 , 85 , 88 , 93 , 99 –100 , 105 , 108 –109 , 111 , 115 , 118 , 122 , 128 –129 , 132 –133 , 136 , 147 , 151 , 154 , 156 , 161 –173 , 175 , 177 –180 , 184 –186 , 202 , 210 , 216 , 229 , 248 , 251 , 257 –259 , 268 , 284
jiyi 集义 (accumulating justnesses)
161 –162 , 164 –165 , 170 , 174 –175 , 177 , 181
zhiqi 志气 (will or willpower)
164 –165 , 175 –176 , 179 –181
See also
jing 敬 (respect)
reducing selfish or self-centered desire.
See
yu 欲 (desire)
public/universal yi (justice)
19 , 156 , 164 –165 , 170 , 174 –175 , 188 , 231 , 276
haoran zhiqi 浩然之气 (the grand and vital force of justice)
161 –162 , 164 –165 , 169 –171 , 175 –178 , 182
See
renyi 仁义 (benevolence and justice) as the Dao of man
yu 欲 (desire)
siyu 私欲 (selfish/self-centered desire) or renyu 人欲 (human desire)
137 , 156 –159 , 178 , 180 –182
desire for li 利 (profit/self-interest)
163 , 178 , 182 –183
zhi 智 (moral knowledge/sense of right and wrong)
See
liangzhi 良知 (innate conscience)
dexing zhizhi 德性之知 (knowledge arising from the moral nature)
217
shengzhi 生知 (inborn knowledge)
218 , 226 , 229 –231
zhixing heyi 知行合一 (the unity of knowledge and action)
230
zhi 智 (prudence/practical wisdom)
219 , 235 –236 , 240
zhizhi 知止 (knowing the boundary where one should stop)
85 , 119 , 231 –240
zhen 畛 (boundaries or distinctions) or zhenyu 畛域 (delimited domains or fields)
119 , 231 –232
zhi 止 (boundary, limit, or end point)
219 , 232; jingzhi 敬止 (respecting boundaries) 237
zhizhi 知至 (knowing the supreme moral end/boundary or the primary principles of things and events)
234 –236 , 262
zhi 智 (wisdom)
15 , 23 , 31 , 39 , 40 , 44 , 57 –58 , 96 , 125 , 134 , 143 , 164
zhihui 智慧 (wisdom of universality)
33 , 123 , 215 –217 , 226 –240
xichang 袭常 (strength through weakness)
219 , 224
ximing 袭明 (omniscient wisdom)
113 –114 , 147 , 219 , 223
weiming 微明 (subtle wisdom)
219 , 224 , 277
gewu zhizhi 格物致知 (obtaining knowledge via investigation of things/the mind)
49 , 90 –91 , 142 , 159 , 160 , 228 , 234 –236 , 261 –262 , 266 , 270 , 294
zhi 智 (wit or intellect)
215
jiebi 解蔽 (clarifying mental cloudiness)
275 , 291 –294
sishu 私术 (private artifice) or sizhi 私智 (private wit or intellect)
218
wenjian zhizhi 闻见之知 (knowledge acquired via ears and eyes)
217 –218
xuezhi 学知 (knowledge acquired via learning)
218 , 226 , 229 –231
zuo 凿 (knowledge arising from forced connections made by the intellect)
217 –218
zhong 中 (equilibrium/ natural Mean) as the moral standard
zhonghe 中和 (universal equilibrium and harmony)
15 , 77 –80 , 91 –92 , 98 , 100 , 155 , 187 , 207 , 247 , 254 , 286 –287
zhongdao 中道 (the Dao of zhong)
95 –96
zhongyong 中庸 (the natural Mean)
13 , 15 , 76 –80 , 91 –101 , 247 –248 , 254 –255 , 269 , 278
kuangjuan zhishi 狂狷之士 (fanatic and haughty men)
92 –93
quan 权 (strategic expediency)
80 , 99 –100
xiangyuan 乡愿 (moral equivocators)
92 –93 , 95 –96 , 98
Classical Confucian and Daoist Philosophers
Confucius 孔子 [Analects]
1 , 3 –4 , 9 –11 , 29 , 33 , 35 –37 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 57 , 60 –61 , 70 , 76 , 80 , 85 –88 , 92 –96 , 100 , 107 , 120 –123 , 125 –126 , 129 –130 , 135 , 140 , 142 –144 , 148 –149 , 151 –152 , 155 , 160 , 162 –163 , 170 , 173 , 178 , 185 –186 , 200 –204 , 208 –209 , 214 , 218 , 226 , 229 , 231 , 233 , 237 , 239 , 254 , 256 –257 , 259 –260 , 264 , 267 –268 , 270 , 278 –281 , 284 , 289 , 292 –293
Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒
32 , 43 –44 , 168 –169 , 183 , 216
Gongsun Hong 公孙弘
218 , 225
Laozi 老子 [Laozi or Daode jing 道德经 (The Dao and Its Virtue)]
5 –6 , 9 –10 , 13 –14 , 29 , 34 –37 , 46 , 49 , 61 –62 , 64 , 105 –119 , 126 , 129 , 138 , 144 –148 , 153 , 197 –198 , 218 –224 , 232 , 253 –254 , 273 , 275 –278
Mencius 孟子 [Mencius]
1 , 3 –4 , 10 –11 , 15 –16 , 21 –23 , 25 , 31 –32 , 38 , 40 –45 , 57 , 59 , 61 , 67 –73 , 76 , 86 –90 , 92 –93 , 95 –96 , 98 –99 , 107 , 115 –116 , 122 , 126 , 133 –135 , 139 , 142 –144 , 151 –153 , 155 –156 , 160 –161 , 163 –165 , 167 –172 , 173 –174 , 175 –181 , 183 –184 , 186 –188 , 190 –191 , 201 –203 , 209 , 212 –213 , 215 –218 , 224 , 226 –231 , 239 , 244 , 246 –250 , 256 –261 , 264 –265 , 267 –268 , 270 –272 , 281 –286 , 291
Xunzi 荀子 [Xunzi]
3 –4 , 11 –12 , 31 , 43 , 65 , 186 , 201 –202 , 224 –225 , 238 –239 , 275 , 291 –293
Zhuangzi 庄子 [Zhuangzi]
5 , 7 , 31 , 40 , 76 , 89 , 106 –110 , 116 –119 , 138 , 145 –146 , 222 , 224 , 231 –233 , 245 , 254 , 264
Neo-Confucian Philosophers
Cheng Hao 程颢
4 , 48 , 79 –80 , 126 , 132 , 150 , 177 , 182 –183 , 245 , 249 –250 , 263
Cheng Yi 程颐
4 , 30 , 33 , 38 , 47 –48 , 69 , 77 –80 , 87 , 91 , 98 –99 , 122 , 135 , 137 –138 , 140 , 142 , 149 –150 , 154 , 157 –158 , 162 , 164 , 169 –170 , 172 , 174 –175 , 177 –178 , 180 , 199 –200 , 211 , 213 , 216 –217 , 220 , 222 –223 , 225 –226 , 229 , 232 , 234 , 239 , 243 , 252 –253 , 255 –256 , 263 –267 , 271 –273 , 275 , 284 –289 , 291
Lu Jiuyuan 陆九渊
5 , 37 , 65 , 138 , 142 , 153 , 218 , 223 , 225 , 249 –250 , 285 –286 , 292 –293
Wang Yangming 王阳明
5 , 30 , 37 , 44 , 48 –49 , 58 , 65 , 69 –70 , 96 , 138 –139 , 142 , 153 –155 , 158 –160 , 164 , 169 , 181 –182 , 186 , 199 , 201 , 219 , 223 , 227 –231 , 249 –250 , 266 , 285 –286 , 290 –292 , 294 –295
Zhu Xi 朱熹
3 –4 , 13 , 15 , 19 , 30 –31 , 38 , 44 , 47 –49 , 57 –58 , 77 , 79 , 127 , 136 –137 , 139 , 141 –142 , 154 , 156 –159 , 161 , 182 , 199 , 229 –231 , 249 , 251 , 253 , 258 , 265 –267 , 294
Classical Works
Liujing 六经 (Six classics) or wujing 五经 (Five classics)
3 –4
Liji 礼记 (The Book of Rites)
23 –24 , 41 , 136 –137 , 140 , 162 , 164 , 182 –183 , 185 , 190 –191 , 186 –187 , 197 –198 , 202 –203 , 205 –209 , 213
Shijing 诗经 (The Book of Odes)
1 , 236 –237
Yijing 易经 (The Book of Changes) /Zhouyi 周易/ Yizhuan 易传 (Yi commentaries)
9 –10 , 14 , 29 , 33 , 35 –39 , 61 –62 , 92 , 99 , 105 , 107 , 109 , 120 , 123 –130 , 132 , 134 , 148 , 164 , 177 , 185 , 199 , 215 , 218 , 233 , 244 , 247 , 251 –252 , 264 , 273
Zhouli 周礼 (The ritual rites and rules of Zhou)
185 –186 , 192 –193 , 200 –202
Sishu 四书 (Four Books)
3 , 9 , 88 , 243 , 266
Analects (
see
Confucius
)
Daxue 大学 (Great learning)
10 , 24 –25 , 61 –62 , 84 , 88 , 90 , 116 , 142 , 235 –237 , 261 –262 , 265 , 267 , 270 , 281 , 283 , 288
Mencius (
see
Mencius
)
Zhongyong 中庸 (The natural Mean)
9 , 11 , 13 , 23 –24 , 33 , 39 , 57 , 61 –62 , 76 –78 , 88 , 91 , 94 , 142 , 150 , 155 , 173 , 204 –205 , 216 , 246 –247 , 250 , 255 –258 , 261 –263 , 272 , 282 , 286
Aristotle
Aristotelian ethics
eudaimonic theory, happiness as the moral end and first principle
3 , 53 –54 , 57 , 70 , 75 –76 , 80 –85 , 88 , 90 , 100 , 121 , 135
teleological virtue ethics
75 , 81 –84
intellectual and moral virtue/excellence
30 , 45 , 56 –57 , 76 , 83 , 215
the mean as the moral standard
75 –76 , 80 , 97 –98 , 167
the soul as the moral agent
83 , 167 , 212
Aristotelian metaphysics of the first principle/primary cause
2 , 6 –8 , 13 , 25 , 34 , 52 –53 , 55 –56 , 215
cosmogonic/cosmological principle
9 , 30 , 34 , 36 , 38 –39 , 52 , 56 , 62
God/prime mover
3 , 34 –36
the substantial principle of unity
being qua being
3 , 9 , 30 , 34 , 52 , 56 , 62 , 64
wisdom
7 , 52 , 56 , 215 , 217
philosophic wisdom versus practical wisdom/prudence
33 –34 , 56 , 99 , 215
Bacon, Francis
7 , 60 , 216 , 220 , 222 , 244 –245
Bentham, Jeremy
21
Cicero
8 , 22 , 58 , 71 –72 , 75 , 82 –83 , 89 , 141 , 178 , 180 , 211 –212
Descartes, René
7 , 52 , 60 , 64
Hobbes, Thomas
212 , 214
Hume, David
8 , 16 , 59 , 132 –133 , 166 –168
Kant, Emanuel
Kantian deontology
21 , 66 , 71 –74 , 81 , 190
the doctrine of right and the doctrine of virtue
54 , 60 , 66 , 71 –72 , 150
Kantian autonomy
20 , 52 , 63 , 290; freedom 20 , 67 –69; humanity 67–69 , 290
Kantian metaphysics
a priori knowledge
14 , 53 –54 , 60 –61 , 65 –67 , 69
intellectual intuition
51 , 63 –64
phenomenon versus noumenon
63 –64
analytic judgement versus synthetic judgement
19 –20 , 251 , 254
maxim
14 , 19 , 54 , 66 , 161 , 274 , 291
moral laws/imperatives
14 , 19
reason/pure reason
2 –3 , 18 , 21 , 51 –55 , 59 –60 , 62 –72 , 141
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
12 –13 , 16
Plato
52 –53 , 82 , 85 , 88 , 109 –110 , 167 –168 , 212
Ames, Rogers T.
77
An, Yanming
244
Anscombe, G. E. M.
81
Appiah, Kwame A.
139
Billioud, Sébastien
65
Black, Antony
189 –190
Bourke, Vernon J.
83
Brindley, Erica Fox
288
Chan, Sin Yee
265
Chen Lai
138
Cheng, Chung-ying
165
Cua, Antonio S.
139
de Bary, Wm. Theodore
265
Dufek, Pavel
139
Ehrenzweig, Albert A. and Peter K. Weston
161
Eno, Robert
106
Fingarette, Herbert
205
Fox, Alan
106
Frede, Dorothea
84
Graham, Angus
17 , 106
Hadfeld, Andrew
188
Hall, David L. and Roger T. Ames
17 , 165
Huang, Yong
107
Hursthouse, Rosalind
83
Ing, Michael D. K.
191
Ivanhoe, Philip J.
106 , 139
Kantor, Hans-Rudolf
51 , 63
Legge, James
77
Li, Chenyang
288
Li, Chenyang and Franklin Perkins
6 , 17
Lu, Mingjun
2 , 5 , 17n21
MacIntyre, Alasdair
17
McLeod, Alexus
33
McLeod, Alexus and Joshua R. Brown
17
Mou, Zongsan
2 –3 , 18 , 51 –52 , 55 –56 , 59 –61 , 63 , 290
Neville, Robert Cummings
138 –139
Nussbaum, Martha C.
139
Peltonen, Markku
188
Perkins, Franklin
46 , 144
Puett, Michael
191
Rosemont, Henry Jr,
287
Schmidt, Stephan
51 , 61 , 63 –64
Shi, Weimin and Chiulo Lin
51
Shun, Kwong-loi
165 , 265
Sigurðsso, Geir
191
Sim, May
17 , 274
Solomon, David et al.
212
Tu Weiming
77
van Zyl, Liezl
83 –84
Wang, Huaiyu
165
Wenzel, Christian H.
106
White, Nicholas
81
Yan, Hektor K. I.
107