Notes on transliteration and style
Throughout the book I adhere to the following transliteration system for Arabic and Persian script, which is based on the scheme used in Brill’s Encyclopaedia of the Quran:
Consonants
|
ʾ |
d |
ḍ |
k |
|
b |
dh |
ṭ |
l |
|
t |
r |
ẓ |
m |
|
th |
z |
ʿ |
n |
|
j |
s |
gh |
h |
|
ḥ |
sh |
f |
w |
|
kh |
ṣ |
q |
y |
Vowels
|
Long vowels |
Short |
Diphthongs |
|
ā |
a |
|
|
ū |
u |
aw |
|
ī |
i |
ay |
Proper names and geographic designations that are commonly used in English are not transliterated. The standard system of dating all post-Hijri events that occurred in an Islamic context is Hijri/Christian, e.g., 786/1384–1385 and 786–796/1484–1493. For all other events, pre-Islamic or not related to Islamic societies, only the dates of the Gregorian calendar are provided. References in the footnotes are given, from their very first appearance on, in brief form. The full bibliographical data of all publications cited may be found in the bibliography included at the end of the study. The Arabic article “al-” is disregarded in the alphabetical ordering of the bibliographical entries, while “ibn” is taken into account. For abbreviations of frequently cited periodicals and reference works, see the list of abbreviations.
All translations are mine unless otherwise stated.