Indexes

Jump to Content

Indexes

In: The Brigands' Song: Serving in the Army of A Native Chieftain

Editors / Translators:

David Holm

David Holm
Search for other papers by David Holm in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

and

Meng Yuanyao

Meng Yuanyao
Search for other papers by Meng Yuanyao in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed

Access via:

Dar Hadith al Hassania

Indexes

Chinese Character Index

Orthographic Chinese and vernacular characters arranged alphabetically. Double line number entries indicate that characters are found twice in the same line.

ài 艾

ngaiz, ‘cooked rice’ 35, 39, 431, 447, 952, 978, 1084, 1230, 1274, 1354, 1358, 1364, 1368, 1388, 1392, 1487, 1816, 1844, 1930, 1932, 1934

ngaih, ‘artemisia’ 59, 63, 962

ngaih, ‘easy’ 180, 188, 1168, 1216, 1628, 1632, 1808, 1810, 1814, 1826, 1830, 2032, 2044

ài 哎

ngaiz, ‘cooked rice’ 1276, 1278, 1280

ān 安

an, ‘to settle; peace’ 499, 790

an, ‘saddle’ 750

onj, ‘stable’ 156, 204, 212, 239, 280, 288, 296, 304, 312, 320, 328, 336, 344, 352, 376, 392, 400, 408, 416

àn 岸

ngamz, ‘col’ 1154, 1158, 1865, 1869, 1873, 1877

nganx, as in Dienznganx 1361, 1365, 1577, 1581, 1585, 1589, 1601

ān 桉

nganx, ‘longan, dragon-eye’ 1890

āo/ào 㕭

dwen, ‘to mention’ 1194, 1196, 1198

āo 凹

gumz, ‘pit, hole, ditch’ 466, 467, 470, 471

gumz, ‘low-lying’ 1434, 1435, 1438, 1439

bā 八

bet, ‘eight’ 1049, 1050, 1147, 1151, 1312

byad, ‘to slip’ 931, 939

bā 岜

bya, ‘karst mountain’ 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 436, 440, 452, 456, 523, 527, 590, 1180, 1210, 1241, 1245, 1418, 1419, 1422, 1423, 1425, 1429, 1433, 1437, 1441, 1445, 1449, 1787, 1836

bya, ‘fish’ 66, 67, 70, 71, 410, 411, 414, 415, 1402, 1406, 1410, 1414

bā 芭

baz, as in bizbaz ‘loquat’ 1786

bā 蚆

mbaj, ‘moth, butterfly’ 563, 1097, 1101, 1105, 1109

bā 扒

byad, ‘to slip’ 930, 931

bái 白

baek, ‘north’ 1827, 1831

hau, ‘white’ 1367

bǎi 百

bak, ‘mouth’ 370, 374, 761, 765, 857, 861, 865, 1344, 1381, 1489, 1491, 1504, 1514, 1529, 1533, 1535, 1537, 1541, 1865, 1869, 1873, 1877, 1898, 1902, 2050, 2052

bak, as in Baksaek 483, 531, 535, 1329, 1333, 1369, 1373, 1377

bak, ‘hundred’ 607, 1133, 1163, 1167, 1604, 1612

mbak, ‘to cut’ 1475, 1479

bài 拜

baez, ‘time, occasion’ (vm) 1465, 1465, 1466, 1466, 1469, 1469, 1470, 1470

baiz, ‘to set in order’ 1635, 1639

baih, ‘side’ 171, 286, 294, 427, 459, 463, 643, 768, 789, 1299, 1303, 1315, 1319, 1602, 1605, 1606, 1624, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1637, 1638, 1763, 1767, 1771, 1775, 1827, 1831

biengz, ‘domain’ 427n

byai, ‘top’ 426, 430, 434, 438, 450, 454, 596, 600, 925, 1016

byaij, ‘to walk’ 678, 1161, 1162, 1165, 1166, 1332

bài 呗

baez, ‘time, occasion’ (vm) 2039

bān 班

banh, ‘to accompany’ 604, 604

byamz, ‘burnt meat’ 1551

bǎn 板

mbanj, ‘village’ 370, 486, 494, 502, 510, 518, 1171, 1175, 1178, 1182, 1201, 1499, 1649, 1653, 1953, 1955, 1979, 2001, 2005

bàn 办

ban, ‘time’ 1019, 1108, 1135, 1136, 1720

banh, ‘crawl’ 572

demh, ‘to cushion’ 882

bàn 半

buenq, ‘to peddle’ 1354, 1355, 1358, 1359, 1361, 1362, 1363, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1373, 1374, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1381, 1382

bāng 邦

biengz, ‘realm, domain’ 152, 156, 208, 212, 216, 276, 280, 284, 288, 348, 352, 356, 372, 376, 380, 404, 408, 409, 412, 413, 416, 802, 806, 867, 877, 881, 885, 908, 912, 1156, 1160, 1193, 1197, 1540, 1544, 1797

bǎo 宝

bauj, ‘treasure’ 2087

bào 报

bauq, ‘to report’ 122, 126, 1086

bào 抱

got, ‘to intertwine’ 987

umj, ‘to embrace’ 166, 170, 505, 513, 521, 525, 549, 557

běi 北

byaek, ‘green vegetable, greens; dish’ 65, 69, 962, 966, 1660, 1668, 1676, 1706, 1707, 1710, 1711

bèi 贝

bae, ‘to go’ 32, 57, 61, 62, 75, 79, 83, 84, 87, 91, 93, 95, 99, 103, 107, 111, 115, 119, 129, 133, 137, 141, 149, 157, 161, 166, 170, 171, 218, 222, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 238, 240, 242, 246, 248, 250, 254, 263, 264, 428, 436, 452, 468, 472, 480, 483, 484, 491, 492, 499, 500, 507, 508, 515, 516, 523, 524, 527, 531, 532, 535, 539, 540, 543, 547, 548, 551, 555, 556, 559, 561, 569, 573, 592, 594, 598, 602, 604, 610, 616, 618, 626, 634, 642, 671n, 673, 674, 677, 681, 682, 685, 686, 689, 690, 693, 697, 698, 701, 705, 706, 709, 713, 714, 717, 721, 724, 732, 736, 737, 745, 753, 755, 756, 764, 767, 769, 770, 771, 773, 774, 782, 787, 788, 795, 796, 798, 801, 805, 840, 850, 854, 859, 862, 863, 874, 878, 879, 886, 888, 904, 908, 912, 914, 915, 918, 919, 930, 931, 931, 934, 934, 937, 938, 939, 939, 941, 942, 943, 945, 946, 947, 953, 955, 956, 957, 961, 965, 972, 976, 983, 987, 990, 991, 997, 1005, 1007, 1011, 1013, 1015, 1018, 1021, 1023, 1029, 1031, 1037, 1039, 1045, 1047, 1051, 1053, 1055, 1058, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1071, 1080, 1091, 1095, 1097, 1098, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1105, 1106, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1113, 1114, 1117, 1118, 1121, 1122, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1131, 1143, 1148, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1177, 1178, 1180, 1181, 1182, 1185, 1189, 1220, 1224, 1298, 1302, 1306, 1310, 1314, 1318, 1322, 1326, 1343, 1354, 1358, 1376, 1389, 1459, 1460, 1463, 1464, 1540, 1544, 1552, 1557, 1562, 1566, 1628, 1643, 1652, 1657, 1658, 1661, 1662, 1665, 1666, 1669, 1670, 1673, 1674, 1677, 1678, 1681, 1682, 1685, 1686, 1689, 1690, 1697, 1701, 1704, 1705, 1708, 1709, 1713, 1716, 1717, 1719, 1770, 1816, 1845, 1847, 1876, 1892, 1893, 1952, 1965, 1967, 1973, 1975, 1980, 1988, 1994, 1996, 2004, 2009, 2013, 2076, 2080, 2083, 2084, 2087

boih, ‘contrary’ 1920

daeuj, ‘to come’ 702, 710

běn 本

bwn, ‘hair, feathers’ 206, 210, 214

bwnz, 2nd syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. bizbwnz (resplendent) 578

bēng 崩

mbaengq, ‘bamboo tube’ 1226, 1230

bǐ 比

bae, ‘to go’ 153

bǐ 匕

bae, ‘to go’ 1647

repeat sign 292, 296, 395, 399, 418, 422, 786, 1004, 1330, 1334, 2028, 2054

bǐ 笔

bit, ‘duck’ 1858, 1862

bit, as in Bakbit 483, 1066

bì 必

baet, ‘to sweep’ 986, 990

biz, 1st syllable of disyllabic mim.suff.

bizbaed (sound of gunfire) 1391

bizbumz (sound of gunfire) 1387

bizbwnz (resplendent) 578

biek, ‘to say good-bye’ 859, 859, 862, 862, 863, 863, 914, 914, 915, 915, 918, 918, 919, 919, 1011, 1011

bì 畢

baet, ‘to wave’ 411

biān 边

bien, ‘to whip’ 938, 942

biàn 变

bienq, ‘to change, transform’ 1994, 1998

biàn 便

bienh, ‘convenient’ 1927

biǎo 表

beu, ‘to offend, transgress’ 486, 494, 502, 510, 518

beuj, ‘to transport, carry off’ 479

biuz, ‘duckweed’ 298, 300, 302, 304

bīng 兵

bing, ‘soldier’ 220, 262, 395, 399, 441, 503, 786, 798, 878, 886, 888, 1020, 1085, 1090, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1096, 1114, 1118, 1130, 1134, 1140, 1171, 1175, 1259, 1263, 1389, 1578, 1579, 1583, 1586, 1590, 1601, 1605, 1847

bing, ‘leech’ 338, 340, 342, 344

bǐng 饼

bingj, ‘cake, pastries’ 1355

bìng 并

bin, ‘broken’ 1361

bingz, ‘bottle’ 1923

bingj, ‘cake’ 1359

bìng k (= 并)

bin, ‘broken’ 1365, 1369, 1373

bìng 病

bingh, ‘ill; sickness’ 1835, 1843

bǔ 卜

boek, ‘turn over’ 844

boeg, as in Byaboeg 523, 527

boux, clf. for people 303, 311, 315, 740, 897, 901, 904, 948, 960, 964, 986, 986, 987, 987, 990, 990, 1006, 1008, 1014, 1016, 1020, 1022, 1024, 1028, 1030, 1032, 1036, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1092, 1096, 1116, 1120, 1167, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1177, 1178, 1181, 1187, 1193, 1197, 1201, 1203, 1205, 1207, 1209, 1210, 1213, 1214, 1244, 1259, 1260, 1263, 1264, 1308, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1326, 1331, 1331, 1334, 1334, 1335, 1335, 1364, 1372, 1376, 1380, 1384, 1389, 1394, 1395, 1479, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1568, 1721, 1725, 1810, 1826, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 2000

bug, as in Dahbug 284, 288

mboek, ‘dry land’ 1089, 1093

bù 步

boux, clf. for people 2018n

yamq, ‘to step forward’ 1620, 2018, 2018

bù 不

boux, clf. for people 339, 343, 489, 490, 497, 498, 502, 503, 505, 506, 513, 514, 518, 521, 522, 525, 526, 529, 530, 533, 534, 537, 538, 541, 542, 545, 546, 549, 550, 553, 554, 557, 558, 614, 669, 756, 952, 1226, 1228, 1230, 1234, 1236, 1238, 1240, 1250, 1252, 1254, 1256, 1424, 1457, 1458, 1459, 1460, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1464, 1845, 1847, 1959

buh, ‘clothes’ 571

goj, ‘also’ 1451

lawz, ‘what?’ 96, 104, 120

mbouj, ‘not’ 3, 7, 65, 69, 80, 92, 100, 100, 108, 108, 112, 112, 116, 116, 160, 176, 224, 260, 382, 387, 390, 406, 413, 414, 415, 448, 458, 462, 468, 472, 528, 536, 544, 552, 556, 556, 560, 566, 568, 572, 575, 585, 589, 612, 613, 614, 615, 622, 628, 636, 638, 639, 644, 652, 654, 662, 664, 666, 667, 670, 676, 676, 680, 684, 684, 688, 692, 692, 696, 700, 700, 704, 708, 708, 712, 716, 716, 720, 769, 769, 770, 773, 773, 774, 778, 779, 784, 787, 788, 790, 790, 792, 800, 807, 844, 860, 876, 880, 892, 898, 899, 902, 903, 908, 911, 924, 938, 942, 963, 967, 968, 979, 1000, 1010, 1042, 1043, 1059, 1060, 1108, 1112, 1112, 1132, 1132, 1141, 1184, 1190, 1194, 1198, 1200, 1202, 1206, 1208, 1232, 1242, 1246, 1268, 1272, 1353, 1357, 1372, 1380, 1385, 1393, 1395, 1399, 1401, 1403, 1405, 1407, 1409, 1411, 1413, 1415, 1428, 1431, 1436, 1439, 1444, 1447, 1452, 1455, 1488, 1496, 1504, 1507, 1512, 1520, 1522, 1526, 1540, 1543, 1569, 1604, 1612, 1618, 1620, 1684, 1704, 1712, 1722, 1726, 1730, 1734, 1738, 1742, 1746, 1750, 1754, 1756, 1762, 1764, 1766, 1768, 1772, 1778, 1780, 1786, 1788, 1790, 1810, 1814, 1826, 1838, 1844, 1853, 1866, 1874, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1908, 1916, 1919, 1921, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1937, 1965, 1967, 1973, 1975, 1995, 2008, 2025, 2030, 2037, 2050

bù 布

bouq, ‘shop’ 74, 75, 78, 79, 82, 83, 86, 87

buh, ‘clothes’ 618, 619, 621, 622, 971, 975, 1206, 1252, 1552, 1730, 1731, 1734, 1735, 2003

byouq, ‘empty’ 980

bù 咘

mboq, ‘spring’ 6, 70, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 411, 415, 1154, 1158, 1942

cái 才

caiz, ‘to cut (cloth or yarn)’ 638

caih, ‘fort, palisade’, as in Caihsingz 427, 459, 463, 1362, 1582, 1590

cǎi 采

caij, ‘to tread on’ 2015

cán 残

canz, ‘drying platform’ 596, 600, 675, 746

cǎo 草

nywj, ‘short grasses, tender grass’ 954, 958, 959

rum, ‘grass, weeds’ 636

céng 曾

saengz, ‘interested; love interest’ 1896

chá 查

caz, ‘to despise’ 816

caz, onom. (door rattling) 2065, 2067, 2071, 2073, 2077

caj, ‘to wait’ 570, 630, 648, 748, 752, 825, 828, 829, 832, 1259, 1260

cat, ‘brush’ 1238

chá 茶

caz, ‘rough’ 1406

caz, ‘tea’ 1907

gyaz, ‘to get stuck (on thorns)’ 1626, 1630

chāng 昌

cangh, ‘craftsman’ 602

cháng n

ciengz, ‘wall’ 1571

cháo 朝

ceux, ‘ox-rope’ 655, 657

chē 車

ceh, ‘fortification, fort’ 428, 432, 1258, 1259, 1262, 1263, 1298, 1302

ceh, ‘to soak’ 1450, 1451, 1454, 1455

chē 车

ceh, ‘fortification, fort’ 1299, 1303, 1306, 1307, 1310, 1311, 1314, 1315, 1318

chén 辰

saenz, 5th Earthly Branch 269

chēng 称

caengh, ‘steelyard’ 1088

chéng 城

haw, ‘market’ 1650n

singz, ‘city’ 276, 280, 356, 431, 459, 463, 1131, 1152, 1257, 1283, 1578, 1582, 1586, 1650, 1654, 1683, 1687, 2065, 2077

chéng 呈

cingz, ‘tenth part’ 560

chǐ 叺

aep, ‘yap’ 2033

chì 翅

fwed, ‘wing’ 566

chōng 冲

gyumh, ‘thornbush’ 1630

chòng C

cungq, ‘gun’ 1107, 1336, 1344, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1386, 1387, 1390, 1391, 1394, 1396, 1398, 1400, 1458, 1462, 1465, 1466, 1469, 1491, 1504, 1508, 1514, 1529, 1533, 1535, 1537, 1541, 1548, 1570, 1574, 1602, 1603, 1606, 1607, 1746, 1747, 1750, 1751

chóu 仇

caeuz, ‘dinner’ 51, 55, 443, 1035, 1108, 1226, 1290, 1292, 1292, 1294, 1296, 1297, 1301, 1305, 1309, 1313, 1317, 1321, 1325, 1511, 1938

chǒu 丑

couj, 2nd Earthly Branch 783

couj, ‘shame’ 1921, 1925, 1929, 1933, 1937

chòu 臭

haeu, ‘to stink’ 1549, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1941

chū ` (= 出)

ok, ‘to emerge’ 71, 76, 88, 123, 126, 127, 176, 180, 184, 188, 191, 192, 195, 360, 402, 406, 596, 725, 737, 745, 753, 761, 765, 771, 784, 793, 795, 809, 813, 817, 821, 849, 853, 857, 861, 865, 867, 869, 873, 877, 879, 881, 885, 905, 909, 913, 937, 941, 945, 953, 955, 957, 961, 965, 969, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1341, 1342, 1345, 1349, 1473, 1477, 1553, 1555, 1557, 1696, 1707, 1711, 1715, 1719, 1898, 1900, 1902, 1904, 2008

chū 初

co, ‘coarse’ 655, 657

co, ‘first’ 825, 829

coh, ‘name’ 163, 168, 172, 173, 177

chū L (= 初)

coj, ‘definitely’ 592, 928, 1196, 1864

coh, ‘name’ 124, 132, 140, 144, 181, 185, 1066, 1068

chǔ 処

cawq, ‘place’ 924, 1372, 1380, 1684, 1844, 1932

chuàn 串

roix, ‘to string through’ 1482

chuáng 床

mbonq, ‘bed’ 1684, 1688

chuí 槌

gyoij, ‘plantain’ 1481

chūn 春

cin, ‘spring’ 266, 270

cūn 村

doiq, ‘pair’ 660

cún 存

gyonj, ‘to assemble’ 240, 972

cùn 寸

ciengz, ‘often’ 982

cunz, ‘to patrol’ 796

dā/xiá D (= 笚)

gyaep, ‘rain-hat’ 111, 793, 797, 858, 994, 998, 1793, 1797, 1801, 1805, 1974

gyaep, ‘to pursue’ 789

dá 达

daz, ‘to pull’ 176, 180

daz, ‘to spin’ 1882, 1883, 1886, 1887

daj, ‘to hit’ 2036

daih, ‘big’ 2023

dat, ‘cliff’ 426, 430, 434, 438, 450, 454, 921, 925, 929, 933, 935, 1617, 1617, 1621, 1785, 1789

dǎ 打

daj, ‘to depart’ 1687

daj, ‘to hit’ 218, 222, 226, 230, 234, 238, 242, 246

dwk, ‘to hit’ 17, 21, 25, 29, 250, 251, 254, 255, 474, 475, 478, 912, 1139, 1375, 1915, 2035

hoenx, ‘to beat’ 888, 908, 1052, 1100, 1268, 1540, 1544

dà 大

da, ‘father-in-law’ 248, 859, 862, 863

da, ‘eye’ 655, 1843, 2028, 2038

dah, as in Dahgeux 372, 376

dai, ‘to die’ 1504

daih, ‘big’ 977, 1038, 1411, 1412, 1415

daih, ordinal number pref. 1001, 1003, 1009, 1017

dài 代

daeh, ‘bag’ 474, 478, 819, 823

daiq, ‘to bring along’ 1983

dài 带

dai, ‘strap, belt’ 1747, 1751

daiq, ‘bring along’ 80

dān 担

rap, ‘shoulder pole’ 1074, 1075, 1078, 1079

dàn 旦

dam, ‘greedy’ 1993, 1997

danj, ‘courage’ 1411, 1415

you, ‘to worry’ 1554

dāng 当

dang, ‘to ward off’ 611, 619, 620, 627, 628, 635, 636, 651

dang, ‘if’ 665

dangj, ‘hedge of thorny plants’ 374

dangq, ‘property’ 796, 1164

dangq, ‘each’ 1187, 1187, 1193, 1193, 1197, 1197, 1201, 1201, 1203, 1203, 1205, 1205, 1207, 1207

dāo 刀

dau, ‘knife’ 1524

dauz, ‘to worry’ 1002, 1004, 1718

mid, ‘dagger’ 1522, 1526, 1571, 1575

dào 到

dauq, ‘to return’ 387, 564, 568, 588, 592, 772, 792, 828, 832, 916, 927, 1012, 1192, 1216, 1486, 1498, 1518, 1537, 1580, 1584, 1588, 1594, 1636, 1642, 1646, 1647, 1656, 1662, 1666, 1670, 1674, 1682, 1704, 2036

dào ¡ (= 到)

dauq, ‘to return’ 391, 443, 446, 447, 748, 836, 839, 856, 864, 868, 872, 896, 920, 923, 932, 940, 1104, 1168, 1248, 1363, 1367, 1487, 1489, 1491, 1494, 1495, 1499, 1502, 1503, 1510, 1511, 1519, 1529, 1533, 1535, 1541, 1560, 1592, 1595, 1598, 1599, 1600, 1608, 1610, 1611, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1640, 1643, 1658, 1659, 1663, 1667, 1671, 1675, 1678, 1679, 1683, 1686, 1687, 1690, 1691, 1696, 1700, 1708, 1712, 1716, 1720, 1827, 1831, 1865, 1869, 1873, 1877, 1881, 1885, 1903, 1910, 1911, 1983, 2017, 2021, 2024, 2040, 2044, 2049, 2051

dé 德

daek, as in Gvidaek 348, 352, 777, 785

dēng 灯

daengz, ‘to arrive’ 135

daengq, ‘to enjoin’ 1894

daengh, ‘to recompense’ 1448

dēng 登

daengq, ‘to register’ 1086

děng 等

daenj, ‘to wear’ 1736

dèng 邓

daengq, ‘enjoin’ 676, 680, 684, 688, 692, 696, 700, 704, 708, 712, 716, 720, 722, 723, 726, 727, 727, 730, 731, 734, 735, 739, 747, 749, 751, 757, 759, 762, 763, 766, 767

daengq, ‘bench’ 1950, 1952

dǐ 氐

daej, ‘bottom’ 1420, 1424

dì 地

deih, ‘earth’ 584

dieg, ‘place’ 464, 480, 488, 496, 504, 512, 520, 588, 864, 1169, 1173, 1177, 1181, 1209, 1248, 1425, 1426, 1429, 1430, 1433, 1434, 1437, 1438, 1441, 1442, 1445, 1446, 1449, 1450, 1453, 1454, 1519, 1560, 1580, 1588, 1600, 1636, 1640

dì 的

dawh, ‘chopstick’ 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 1244

deiz, ‘White Bamboo’ 1714, 1715

dì 帝

daez, ‘hoof’ 936

daeq, ‘emperor’ 387, 391, 444, 1059, 1152, 1472, 1576, 2080, 2084

daeq, ‘to travel’ 2009, 2013

daeh, ‘to move, transport’ 207, 211

diǎn 点

dem, ‘to add’ 251, 255, 567, 568

diemj, ‘dot’ 569, 573, 673, 677, 681, 685, 689, 693, 697, 701, 705, 709, 713, 717, 721, 725, 729, 733, 737, 745, 753, 755, 809, 813, 817, 821, 1001, 1003, 1009, 1017, 1025, 1033, 1041, 1049, 1057, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1595, 1599, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1605, 1606, 1607

diǎn 奌 (= 点)

diemj, ‘dot’ 561

diàn 店

diemq, ‘shop’ 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 99, 102, 103, 106, 107, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118, 119

diàn 电

dienh, ‘palace’ 196

diào 吊

deuz, ‘to flee’ 460, 461, 464

diào 调

diuh, ‘to recruit’ 263, 778, 779, 786

dīng 丁

daemx, ‘to hold up’ 748

daenj, ‘to wear’ 571, 574, 575

daengj, ‘to set upright’ 566

deng, ‘alright’ 1778, 1782

deng, ‘to bump into’ 1780

din, ‘foot’ 647, 921, 929, 933, 935

ding, ‘hall’ 1867, 2075, 2079

ding, ‘soldier’ 1577, 1581, 1585, 1587, 1589

dingz, ‘to stop’ 556

dingj, ‘to uphold’ 564

dingh, ‘waterhole’ 591

dingh, ‘quiet, settled’ 1649

fwz, ‘cold and deserted’ 1649n

dīng 仃

daengx, ‘to stop’ 1042

dingz, ‘to stop’ 1112, 1132

dīng 叮

daengz, ‘to arrive’ 780

dìng 定

deng, ‘to bump into’ 1784

din, ‘foot’ 561, 569, 573, 673, 677, 681, 685, 689, 693, 697, 701, 705, 709, 713, 717, 721, 725, 729, 733, 737, 745, 753, 755, 782, 809, 813, 817, 821, 882, 889, 893, 930, 936, 983, 1001, 1003, 1009, 1017, 1025, 1033, 1041, 1049, 1057, 1065, 1476, 1480, 1596, 1641, 1642, 1645, 1646, 1739, 1743, 1890, 2012

dingz, clf. ‘some, those’ 1779, 1783

dingh, ‘to settle, pacify; decide’ 261, 343

diū 丢

deuz, ‘to flee’ 160

diuh, ‘to mobilise’ 262

vut, ‘to throw away’ 2023

dōng 东

doeng, ‘east’ 152, 156, 208, 212, 216, 404, 408, 1052, 1100, 1185, 1189, 1632

doengz, ‘companion’ 964n

doengj, ‘all’ 292, 296, 363, 367, 964, 1044, 1268, 1272, 1732, 1756, 1764, 1768, 1780, 2008, 2054

dòng 动

doengh, ‘field’ 1179, 1183, 1881

doengh, ‘to move’ 2072

dòng 洞

doengh, ‘field’ 1611

gyumh, ‘thornbush’ 1626

dōu 都

dou, ‘we, us’ 179n

dōu - (= 蔸)

daeuq, ‘sling’ 899, 903

dǒu 斗

daeuj, ‘to come’ 121, 122, 125, 126, 145, 151, 155, 167, 199, 203, 259, 261, 262, 370, 371, 374, 375, 595, 599, 608, 611, 612, 619, 627, 635, 678, 694, 718, 722, 726, 730, 734, 775, 789, 791, 1046, 1067, 1081, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1112, 1135, 1553, 1555, 1632, 1774, 1858, 1862, 1898, 1900, 2032

daeuq, ‘to struggle’ 1220

dòu 豆

daeuz, ‘water silk’ 314, 316, 318, 320

daeuh, ‘ashes’ 2058, 2059, 2062, 2063

douh, ‘to lodge’ 612, 1862

dú 独

doq, ‘all’ 2068

doek, ‘to drop’ 613, 770, 776, 945, 948, 949, 1046, 1070, 1188, 1204, 1220, 1304, 1425, 1426, 1429, 1430, 1433, 1434, 1437, 1438, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1445, 1446, 1447, 1449, 1450, 1453, 1454, 1459, 1463, 1698, 1702, 1706, 1710

duz, clf. for animals 271, 424, 424, 835, 1638, 1947, 1947, 1951, 1951

dú 读

doeg, ‘to read’ 166, 167, 170, 171

dù 度

doq, ‘rabbit’ 457

doq, ‘to fit’ 1024

doh, ‘viaduct’ 71

doh, ‘landing’ 615

doh, ‘road’ 130, 131, 134, 135, 138, 139, 142, 143, 146, 147, 159, 162

doh, ‘to pass through’ 410, 414

dou, ‘door’ 418, 419, 422, 423, 423, 699, 703, 761, 765, 784, 793, 821, 849, 853, 857, 861, 865, 869, 873, 1966, 2050, 2052, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2077, 2078, 2079

duǎn 短

duenx, ‘to interrupt, stop’ 1851, 1853

duenh, ‘to break off’ 556, 1132, 1136, 1849, 1855, 1857, 1859, 1861, 1863, 2025

duàn d (= 断)

donq, ‘meal’ 1660, 1664, 1668, 1672, 1676, 1680, 1728

donh, ‘section’ 1240

duenh, ‘to break off’ 1108, 1112, 1500

duì 对

doiq, ‘to retreat’ 1577

doiq, ‘facing’ 1910, 2002

doih, ‘companion’ 21, 22, 29, 30, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 81, 89, 93, 472, 960, 964, 972, 1768, 1784, 1792, 1904

dūn 吨

daenh, ‘to shake’ 2068

duǒ 朶

ndoj, ‘to hide’ 924

ē 阿

oj, ‘babbling’ 1654

oq, ‘heat’ 1840

oq, ‘lotus’ 1878

è 饿

iek, ‘hungry’ 947, 951, 1921, 1925, 1929, 1931, 1933, 1937

è 咹

amq, ‘mouthful’ 1940

ngamj, ‘satisfying’ 1232

è 悪 (= 惡)

yak, ‘bad’ 258, 425, 429

ēn 恩

aen, clf. for inanimate things 92, 416

aenq, ‘kindness’ 840

ér 而

laiz, ‘which?’ 1006

rox, ‘to know’ 59, 63, 64, 183, 220, 244, 368, 412, 519, 638, 638, 656, 868, 892, 916, 940, 984, 1012, 1194, 1316, 1320, 1327, 1328, 1340, 1344, 1347, 1351, 1395, 1399, 1532, 1536, 1556, 1620, 1651, 1810, 1814, 1826, 1830, 1852, 1860, 1866, 1870, 1874, 1884, 1892, 1896, 1912, 1924, 1935, 1936, 1962, 1964, 1970, 1972, 1978, 2002, 2004, 2024, 2030, 2034, 2050

roq, ‘eaves’ 158, 1902

roih, ‘first’ 1894, 1898

ěr 耳

dou, ‘we’ 141

laeg, ‘don’t’ 501

rwz, ‘ear’ 1680

rwq, ‘you’ pl. 125, 128, 133, 136, 145, 148, 153, 161, 163, 177, 178, 179, 185, 186, 222, 230, 238, 246, 254, 263, 264, 461, 567, 573, 575, 657, 677, 685, 693, 701, 709, 717, 725, 739, 741, 743, 747, 749, 751, 757, 759, 799, 805, 832, 836, 845, 846, 856, 910, 927, 936, 960, 965, 975, 983, 984, 991, 997, 1085, 1143, 1199, 1480, 1525, 1528, 1543, 1557, 1566, 1597, 1598, 1613, 1614, 1661, 1669, 1677, 1685, 1701, 1709, 1717, 1775, 1797, 1798, 1805, 1806, 1824, 1854, 1869, 1871, 1877, 1885, 1903, 1909, 1983, 2005, 2023, 2030, 2031, 2054

èr 二

ngeih, ‘two’ 1217, 1221, 1225, 1227, 1229, 1231, 1233, 1235, 1237, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1245, 1247, 1249, 1251, 1253, 1255, 1273, 1275, 1277, 1279, 1281, 1283, 1285, 1287, 1289, 1291, 1293, 1295, 1531

fā 发

faz, ‘iron’ 362, 366

faz, ‘to know, see’, as in roxfaz ‘know’ 1620, 2002, 2050

faz, ‘wicker’ 2066, 2068, 2070, 2072, 2074, 2078

fat, ‘to issue’ 274, 278, 282, 286, 290, 294, 298, 300, 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 322, 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 563, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1271, 1347, 1348, 1351, 1352, 1835, 1839, 1840

fad, ‘to sweep’ 922, 923, 926, 927, 934, 934, 938, 942, 943

fá 伐

faeg, ‘to chop’ 1481

fán 烦

fanz, ‘vexed’ 1144

fǎn 反

fan, ‘to turn back’ 772, 792

fanj, ‘to turn over’ 227, 231, 235

fàn 犯

famh, ‘to transgress’ 487, 495, 503, 511, 519

fāng 方

fueng, ‘direction’ 1827, 1831

fāng 芳

fiengz, ‘rice straw’ 882

fáng 房

fongz, ‘to mend’ 1006

fǎng 仿

fiengz, ‘rice straw’ 874

fàng 放

cuengq, ‘to let loose’ 1386, 1387, 1390, 1391, 1394, 1396, 1398

cungq, ‘gun’ 1572

fēi 非

feiz, ‘fire’ 201

fēi M (= 非)

feiz, ‘fire’ 189, 193, 197, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233, 237, 241, 245, 249, 253, 257, 2041, 2042

fwz, ‘cold and deserted’ 1917, 1917, 1918, 1918

féi 肥

feiz, ‘fire’ 1247

fēn 分

baen, ‘to allocate’ 1440, 1456

faen, ‘seed’ 354, 358, 387, 391, 1698, 1707, 1711, 1715

fēn 吩

fwen, ‘song’ title, 1768, 1784, 1792, 1904, 1954, 1956, 1958, 2081, 2082, 2085, 2086

fēn 芬

faenx, ‘dust’ 1122, 1126

fonx, ‘ashen’ 907, 1539

fwnz, ‘firewood’ 724

fěn 粉

faenj, ‘rice noodles’ 75, 79, 83, 87

fēng { (= 风)

romh, ‘early’ 1357

rumz, ‘wind’ 808, 1395, 1399, 2002

féng 逢

boengz, ‘muddy’ 2019, 2022

fungz, ‘to meet’ 1762, 1764, 1766, 1768

fungz, as in Linzfungz 1072, 1378, 1382

fwngz, ‘hand’ 2036, 2039

féng 夆

fung, as in sienfung ‘vanguard’ 1343

fó 佛

baed, ‘Buddha’ 347, 351, 691, 695, 833, 837

baed, 2nd syllable of disyllabic mim.suff. bizbaed (sound of gunfire) 1391

fǒu 否

byaeuh, ‘to spray’ 1570, 1574

mbouj, ‘not’ 166, 170, 580, 656, 1852, 1860, 1884, 1896, 1912, 1924

fū 夫

fou, ‘porter’ 1074, 1075, 1078, 1079, 1372, 1376, 1380, 1384

fú 伏

fag, clf. for tools 603, 623, 1473, 1477

faek, ‘scabbard’ 1522, 1526

faeg, ‘to chop’ 1474, 1478

fú 福

fok, ‘dirt’ 1121, 1138

fǔ 甫

boux, clf. for people 3, 3, 299, 319, 441, 442, 481, 482, 486, 487, 494, 495, 510, 511, 900, 1368, 1386, 1521, 1729, 1733, 1737, 1741, 1745, 1749

fǔ 拊

dawz, ‘to take hold of’ 420

fǔ 府

fouj, ‘government office’ 174, 178, 182, 547, 551, 594, 1058, 1161, 1165, 1667, 1671

fù 妇

sauh, clf. ‘round (of fire)’ 1570

gǎi 改

gaij, ‘to change’ 2027, 2029

gài 盖

goemq, ‘to cover’ 1142, 1699

vaiq, ‘quick’ 1457

gān 甘

gam, ‘mandarin orange’ 1978, 1981

gān 肝

daep, ‘liver’ 1846

gān 干

ganj, ‘to hurry’ 228, 232, 248, 2054

gǎo 杲

doq, ‘all’ 1830

gào 告

gau, ‘announcement’ 123, 127

gauh, ‘manner’ 1143, 1557, 2026

gē 歌

go, ‘song’ title

go, ‘elder brother’ 1943

gē 割

gat, ‘to cut’ 636

gē 哥

go, ‘elder brother’ 1655, 2031

gè 个

aen, clf. for inanimate objects 1218

go, clf. for plants 379, 962, 966, 1889, 1890

gè 各

gag, ‘self’ 96, 104, 120, 478

gag, ‘don’t’ 680, 688, 696, 704, 712, 720

goek, ‘base of trunk, bole’ 1008, 1889

gè f

gek, ‘to cut off’ 1186

gēn 根

rag, ‘root’ 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31

gèn 艮

doiq, ‘to retreat’ 1591

ngaenz, ‘silver’ 8, 1060, 1087, 1199, 1708, 1710, 1712, 1716, 1735, 1859, 1863, 1887, 1895, 1903, 1906, 1916

gēng 更

geng, ‘slope’ 843, 847, 889, 893, 1575, 1818, 1822

geng, ‘to cultivate’ 1858

ndongj, ‘hard’ 11

gōng 公

goeng, ‘old man; lord; father-in-law’ 764, 777, 785, 1532, 1892

goeng, ‘public’ 2029, 2032

gong, ‘to pile up’ 1484

gung, ‘teased’ 1467, 1471

gōng 工

hong, ‘work’ 1008

gòng 8 (= 共)

roux, ‘Elsholtzia’ 1668

gōu 芶 (= 苟)

gaeu, ‘vine’ 1227

gǒu 狗

ma, ‘dog’ 1946, 1947, 1950, 2033

gòu 够

gaeuq, ‘enough’ 800

gòu 夠

gaeuq, ‘enough’ 920, 968

gaeuq, ‘to see’ 1000

gaeuq, ‘old’ 1856

gū 估

gouh, ‘pair’ 58, 100, 104, 639, 640, 1244, 1739, 1743, 2019, 2022

gǔ 古

go, clf. for plants 394, 398, 467, 471, 1222, 1699, 1703, 1707, 1715, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1969, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1990

gǔ 骨

ndok, ‘bone’ 1139, 1946

nok, ‘sap’ 378, 382

gǔ 鼓

gyong, ‘drum’ 2057

gǔ 谷

goek, ‘eldest’ 876

gok, ‘grain’ 379, 383, 1082, 1362, 1363, 1366, 1370, 1371, 1374, 1375, 1692, 1694, 1695

gù 固

goq, ‘to attend to’ 458, 876, 1010, 1016, 1060, 1804, 1808

gù 故

goq, ‘to attend to’ 462, 860

guà 卦

gvaq, ‘to pass by’ 1, 5, 160, 260, 403, 407, 528, 536, 544, 552, 560, 776, 848, 917, 921, 925, 929, 933, 935, 985, 986, 993, 997, 1073, 1076, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1093, 1094, 1137, 1137, 1140, 1141, 1141, 1153, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1315, 1400, 1642, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1761, 1762, 1763, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1774, 1775, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1781, 1782, 1783, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1791, 1889, 1890, 1905, 1909, 1913, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1979, 2001, 2005

gvaq, ‘trigram’ 250, 251, 254, 255

guà 1 (= 卦)

gvaq, ‘to pass by’ 1217, 1218, 1221, 1222, 1225, 1227, 1229, 1231, 1233, 1235, 1237, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1245, 1247, 1249, 1251, 1253, 1255, 1561, 1565

guài 恠

gvaiq, ‘monster’ 360

guān 关

gvat, ‘to scrape’ 84

gven, ‘to be connected with, concern’ 488, 496, 504, 512, 520, 576, 1872

guān ! (= 官)

gonz, ‘half load’ 1250, 1252, 1254, 1256

gonj, ‘lump’ 12

gonq, ‘before’ 88, 904, 1080, 1124, 1128, 1339, 1343, 1376, 1460, 1464

guān 观

guenh, as in Guenhyaem 835

guǎn © (= 管)

guenj, ‘to manage’ 728

guàn 贯

gvenq, ‘accustomed’ 1564, 1568, 1824

guāng 光

gvengq, ‘expansive’ 1316

ndongq, ‘bright light’ 578

rongh, ‘shiny’ 384

guǎng 广

guengj, as in Guengjdoeng 152, 156, 208, 216, 404, 408, 1052, 1100, 1185, 1189

gvangj, as in gvangjgau ‘announcement’ 123, 127

gvangj, as in Gvangjdoeng 212

gvangq, ‘spacious’ 1168

guī 归

gvi, as in Gvidaek 348, 352, 777, 785

guó 国

goz, ‘to bend’ 63

gox, ‘behind’ 1966

guǒ 果

mak, ‘fruit’ 1355, 1359, 1786, 1790, 1961, 1962, 1962, 1963, 1969, 1970, 1970, 1971, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1981

hǎi 海

haij, ‘sea’ 427, 459, 463, 615, 1178, 1182

hài 亥

hai, ‘to open’ 266, 268, 270, 272

haiz, ‘shoes’ 642, 644, 645, 810, 814, 815, 818, 822, 1240, 1738, 1739, 1742, 1743, 2016, 2019, 2022

hán 含

hamz, ‘sweet and salty’ 700n

haenz, ‘dyke, field margin, side, edge’ 905, 909, 913, 917, 1030, 1032, 1040, 1515, 1858, 1862, 1904, 1905, 1909

van, ‘sweet’ 700, 704

hàn 汉

hanq, ‘goose’ 214

háng 杭

gwed, ‘to shoulder’ 407

hǎo 好

hauq, ‘talk’ 671

ndei, ‘good’ 383, 712, 731, 852, 856

ndeiq, as in ndaundeiq ‘star’ 1164

sau, ‘girl’ 1964

hào 号

hau, ‘white’ 858, 2003

hauq, ‘talk’ 670

hé 何

haz, ‘long grass’ 628, 636, 1138, 1139, 1142, 1209, 1212, 1213, 1242, 1315, 1880, 2026

hoz, ‘throat’ 64

hé 合

haeb, ‘to bite’ 9, 12, 13, 16

hoz, ‘throat’ 669

hup, ‘to close’ 2065, 2066, 2067, 2071, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2077, 2078, 2079

hè 贺

hoq, ‘knee’ 2026

hoh, ‘household’ 914, 918

hēi 黑

naemx, ‘to ponder’ 236, 252, 1316, 1860

ndaem, ‘black’ 906, 910, 1066, 1538, 1542

ndaem, ‘to plant’ 1059, 1401, 1405, 1405, 1409, 1409, 1413, 1413, 1417, 1420, 1421, 1424, 1427, 1431, 1435, 1451, 1455, 1714

hěn 很

hwnj, ‘to ascend’ 203, 219, 223, 394, 395, 396, 398, 399, 400, 426, 430, 434, 436, 438, 440, 450, 452, 454, 456, 481, 482, 489, 490, 497, 498, 505, 506, 513, 514, 521, 522, 525, 526, 529, 530, 533, 534, 537, 538, 541, 542, 545, 546, 549, 550, 553, 554, 557, 558, 843, 847, 852, 966, 995, 999, 1129, 1130, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1135, 1180, 1418, 1419, 1422, 1423, 1952, 2018

hèn 恨

haemh, ‘evening’ 1038

héng 恒

hoenx, ‘to beat’ 1185, 1189, 1272

hwnz, ‘night’ 1300, 1819

héng 横

vengh, ‘athwart’ 1340

hōng 吽

naeuz ‘to tell, say’ 228, 232, 248, 311, 315, 319, 335, 339, 343, 640, 741, 743, 900, 1298, 1302, 1306, 1310, 1314, 1318, 1320, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1326, 1811, 1815, 1830, 1854, 1876, 1943, 2031

hóng 洪

rongz, ‘flood’ 1483

hóng 红

hoengz, ‘red’ 256, 330, 332, 334, 336, 1050, 1099, 1103, 1172, 1176, 1531

hòu 后

haeu, ‘to stink’ 1545, 1546, 1547, 1548

haeux, ‘rice’ 378, 379, 382, 383, 384, 386, 387, 390, 391, 402, 406, 474, 478, 563, 952, 978, 1014, 1059, 1082, 1083, 1361, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1451, 1455, 1576, 1692, 1694, 1695, 1748, 1844, 1919, 1932, 1939, 1941

haeuq, ‘to await’ 670

laeng, ‘place’ 173, 174, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182, 185, 186, 629, 631, 646, 674, 678, 682, 686, 690, 694, 698, 702, 706, 710, 714, 718, 839, 920, 928, 1288, 1296, 1688, 1793, 1794, 1797, 1798, 1801, 1802, 1805, 1806, 1922, 1926, 1930, 1934, 1938, 2024

laeng, ‘back, behind’ 922, 1459, 1463

hū 乎

u, ‘to carry on the back’ 460, 464, 480, 482, 483, 490, 491, 498, 499, 506, 507, 514, 515, 522, 523, 526, 527, 530, 531, 534, 535, 538, 539, 542, 543, 546, 547, 550, 551, 554, 555, 558, 559

hú 胡

rux, ‘to hold up, hold steady’ 870

huā 花

va, ‘flower’ 266, 268, 270, 272, 306, 308, 310, 312, 815, 866, 1788, 1878, 1878

huā ¥ (= 花)

va, ‘flower’ 866

huá 华

vaz, ‘to grasp’ 180, 482, 490, 498, 506, 514, 522, 526, 530, 534, 538, 542, 546, 550, 554, 558

vad, ‘to wave’ 994, 995, 998, 999

huá 7 (= 华)

vad, ‘wave’ 1206

huà 化

vaq, ‘trousers’ 626, 627, 975

huà 话

vah, ‘talk’ 731, 1412

huái 怀

vaiz, ‘buffalo’ 176, 587, 736, 1694

vaij, ‘to return’ 1853, 2025

huài 坏

vaij, as in yahvaij ‘wife’ 2016

vaih, ‘to ruin’ 2012

huān 欢

vuen, ‘happy’ 1944

huán 还

hoij, ‘to hang’ 1966, 1974, 2003

vanz, ‘to return’ 840

vanz, as in byavanz ‘grass carp’ 1410, 1414

huàn 换

rieg, ‘to change’ 946, 950

vuenh, ‘to exchange’ 810, 811, 814, 815, 1224, 1552, 2024

huáng 皇

vuengz, ‘emperor’ 2084

huì 会

doih, ‘companion’ 752, 760

hoiq, ‘I, me’ 576, 764, 812, 1425, 1429, 1433, 1437, 1441, 1445, 1449, 1453, 1872, 1880

hún 魂

hoenz, ‘smoke’ 1548

hoenz, ‘soul’ 1635, 2035

huǒ 火

feiz, ‘fire’ 707, 711, 1139, 1542, 1546, 1547, 1550, 1551, 2007, 2045, 2046

hoj, ‘to lack’ 1209, 1210, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, 1219, 1223

hoj, ‘hard’ 774, 1809, 1813, 1825, 1829, 1833, 1837, 1841

hoq, ‘knee’ 1121, 1122, 1125, 1126

huǒ 伙

huj, as in hujgeiq ‘companion’ 956, 996, 1018, 1035, 1195, 1352, 1953

huò 或

rox, ‘or’ 1331, 1335

vaek, ‘either’ 580, 580, 1912, 1912

vaengz, ‘pool’ 1207

jī 积

gip, ‘to pluck’ 346

jī 饥

iek, ‘hungry’ 1812

jī 鸡

gaej, ‘don’t’ 501

gaeq, ‘chicken’ 206, 210, 386, 390, 424, 475, 565, 890, 894, 1179, 1183, 1634, 1638, 1839, 1848, 1914, 1915, 2055

gij, indefinite clf. 72, 265, 267, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, 301, 305, 307, 309, 313, 317, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329, 331, 333, 337, 341, 345, 349, 353, 357, 361, 364, 365, 369, 373, 377, 381, 385, 389, 393, 397, 401, 405, 486, 487, 494, 495, 502, 503, 510, 511, 518, 1086, 1246, 1603

jí 级

gyaek, ‘terrace’ 1527

jí 吉

gaet, ‘button’ 622

gaet, ‘bundle’ 874, 882

gvaet, ‘well-made’ 112, 692, 696

gyaek, ‘terrace’ 1523

jí q (= 笈)

gyaep, ‘rain-hat’ 1966

jǐ 几

gaej, ‘don’t’ 61, 62

geij, ‘several’ 58, 731, 735, 763, 1085, 1087, 1127, 1474, 1475, 1604, 1612, 1719, 1728, 1849, 1851, 1853, 1855, 1857, 1859, 1861, 1863, 1995, 2018, 2025, 2037, 2039

jì 计

geiq, ‘to calculate’ 728, 956, 996, 1018, 1035, 1195, 1352, 1521, 1525, 1953

jì 记

geiq, ‘record’ 984, 1958, 2088

jì 祭

caeq, ‘to make offerings’ 850, 851, 851, 854, 855, 855

jiā 加

gya, ‘family’ 914, 918, 1010

gyaj, ‘rice shoot’ 346, 350

jiā 家

gya, ‘family’ 728, 752, 860

jiá 夾

gaeb, ‘narrow’ 989

jiǎ 甲

gap, ‘mixed’ 1099, 1103

gyaz, ‘to surround with hedge of thorns’ 1030

gyaep, ‘to catch; pursue’ 472, 1020, 1036, 1092, 1116

jiǎ N (= 徦)

gyaj, ‘false’ 244

jià 架

gyaj, ‘heavy’ 1300, 1304

jiān 间

henz, ‘side, edge’ 711

jiān 尖

soem, ‘steep’ 436, 440, 603, 1402, 1418, 1419, 1422, 1423

jiǎn 枧

yienh, ‘county’ 1218

jiàn 见

haen, ‘to crow’ 2055

raen, ‘to see’ 136, 148, 172, 383, 388, 392, 675, 683, 687, 691, 695, 699, 711, 715, 963, 964, 967, 979, 996, 1068, 1184, 1198, 1200, 1268, 1272, 1599, 1604, 1612, 1616, 1636, 1712, 1772, 1776, 1800, 1882, 1886, 1902, 1906, 1914, 1916, 1944, 1980, 2037, 2038

jiàn 件

gen, ‘arm’ 1206

jiàn 建

gieng, ‘turmeric’ 907, 911, 1539, 1543

jiāng 江

gyang, ‘middle’ 167, 276, 280, 394, 398, 441, 442, 699, 703, 833, 834, 837, 838, 1067, 1131, 1337, 1338, 1341, 1342, 1345, 1346, 1349, 1350, 1392, 1659, 1663, 1683, 1687, 1755, 1759, 1824, 1868, 1949, 1950, 2023, 2057, 2058, 2061, 2062

gyangz, ‘to bully’ 1951

jiāng 将

ciengq, ‘to sing’ 1634

jiǎng 讲

gangj, ‘to speak’ 668, 668, 671, 774, 982, 1191, 1195, 1202, 1412, 1893, 1948

jiàng 匠

cangh, ‘craftsman’ 594, 595, 598, 599

jiāo 交

geu, ‘thread, root’ 1242

geuq, ‘narrow mountain pass, col’ 985, 989, 993, 997, 1137, 1141

gyaux, ‘to mix up’ 1571, 1575

jiǎo 绞

geux, as in Dageux 372, 376

jiào 轿

giuh, ‘sedan chair’ 898, 899, 902, 903

jiào 叫

heuh, ‘to call out to’ 370, 371, 374, 375, 443, 446, 447, 722, 726, 730, 734, 1486, 1487, 1494, 1495, 1498, 1499, 1502, 1503, 1510, 1511, 1518, 1519, 1593, 1597, 1609, 1613, 1908, 1916

jiē 街

gai, ‘street’ 977, 1275, 1279, 1280, 1566

jiē 嗟

caz, onom. 2069

jié 杰

geq, ‘old’ 319

jié 结

ged, ‘stingy’ 1428, 1436, 1444, 1452

giet, ‘to tie together’ 440, 456, 866, 1744

giet, as in Hawgiet 539, 543

jiě 觧 (= 解)

gaij, ‘to release’ 1954

jiè 界

gai, ‘street’ 683, 687, 809, 813, 817, 821

gaiq, as in doxgaiq ‘thing’ 479

gaiq, general clf. 1234, 1238

jiè 芥

gat, ‘to cut’ 628

gat, ‘mustard greens’ 1706, 1707, 1710, 1711

jīn 巾

gaen, ‘kerchief’ 107, 1910

jīn 金

gim, ‘gold’ 44, 48, 504, 799, 1055, 1063, 1397, 1580, 1584, 1588, 1924, 1928

jīn 斤

gaen, ‘heel’ 1404

gaen, ‘catty’ 1692, 1695

jīn 今

gaem, ‘to grasp’ 845

jǐn 紧

gaenj, ‘urgent’ 669

ndaet, ‘tight’ 845

jǐn 尽

caenh, ‘completely’ 659

jìn 进

singz, ‘city wall’ 1272

jìn 禁

gyaemq, ‘purple’ 290, 294

jīng 京

ging, ‘capital’ 57, 61, 173, 177, 181, 185, 356, 1018, 1091, 1095, 1148, 1151, 1152, 1798, 1802, 1806

ging, ‘thorny twig’ 2069

jǐng 井

cingj, ‘well’ 1, 5

jìng 净

cengx, ‘cold’ 1346, 1347, 1350, 1351

jìng 婧

cing, ‘blue-green’ 278

cing, ‘genie’ 360

jiōng 冋

dungx, ‘belly’ 1931

jiǔ 九

euj, ‘to snap off’ 1244

geuj, as in hengzgeuj, ‘puttees’ 650, 651, 653, 656, 658, 662

geuj, ‘to wind around, bind up’ 1236

geuq, ‘to chew on’ 14

gouj, ‘nine’ 1057, 1162, 1166, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1791

giuj, ‘heel’ 818, 822, 2082

giuj ‘to hand over’ 1244n

giuj ‘to twist off, snap’ 1244n

jiǔ 酒

laeuj, ‘wine’ 1923, 1927, 1940, 1942

jiù 就

caeuq, ‘with’ 1981

jiù 旧

gaeuq, ‘old’ 1519, 1558, 1864, 2064

jú 局

guk, ‘tiger’ 1217, 1221

jūn 均

goenq, ‘stump, stubble’ 2010, 2014

goenh, ‘bracelet’ 606, 607

jūn 钧

goenh, ‘bracelet’ 600

kǎ 卡

ga, ‘leg’ 627, 635, 651, 811, 811, 812, 1042, 1240, 1820, 1820, 1823

gaz, ‘to do’ 672, 1354, 1358, 1660, 1664, 1668, 1672, 1676, 1680, 2085, 2086

gaz, ‘place’ 1256

gaz, ‘to get stuck’ 1631

gaz, ptl. 264, 448, 816, 1488, 1512, 1520

gaj, ‘to kill’ 368, 565, 850, 854, 890, 894, 1516, 1635, 1637, 1639, 1914, 1915

gax, pref. 88, 1080, 1339, 1343, 1460

gaq, ‘don’t’ 164, 581, 756, 816, 1005, 1007, 1013, 1015, 1021, 1023, 1029, 1031, 1037, 1039, 1045, 1047, 1051, 1053, 1055, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1071

gaq, clf. ‘some, a few’ 584

gaq, ‘place’ 976

gaq, pref. 1070

gaej, ‘don’t’ 758

gauh, ‘likeness’ 1176

kāi 开

gai, ‘to sell’ 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726

hai, ‘to sell’ 614

kāi Z (= 开)

gai, ‘to sell’ 1694, 1721, 1722, 1727, 1729, 1730, 1731, 1733, 1734, 1735, 1737, 1738, 1739, 1740, 1741, 1742, 1743, 1745, 1746, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1750, 1751, 1752

hai, ‘to open’ 615, 782, 1121, 1122, 1125, 1126, 1958, 2069, 2070

káng 扛

gwed, ‘to shoulder’ 807, 900

kàng 抗

gwed, ‘to shoulder’ 403, 803

ram, ‘to carry between two people’ 904

kě 可

goj, ‘also’ 187, 383, 391, 912, 1192, 1427, 1435, 1443, 1544, 1622, 1870, 2064

goj, ‘story’ 1195, 1834, 1838, 1842

goj, ‘ancient’ 2088

kè 克

gag, ‘each’ 960

kōng 空

hongh, ‘courtyard’ 1868

kǒu 口

haeuj, ‘to enter’ 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 160, 175, 179, 622, 1084, 1274, 1278, 1280, 1282, 1286, 1290, 1294, 1403, 1407, 1499, 1522, 1552, 1907, 1922, 1926, 1930, 1934, 1938, 1960

kǒu 扣

gaeu, ‘hook (on loom)’ 631

kǔ 苦

haemz, ‘to hate’ 777, 785

kuài 快

gvai, ‘darling’ 36, 40, 100, 104, 446, 639, 684, 688, 1015, 1486, 1494, 1498, 1502, 1510, 1518, 1696

gvaiz, ‘late’ 948

vaij, ‘to move’ 588

kuáng 狂

guengz, ‘herd’ 1172

kuàng 况

gvang, ‘lord’ 168, 733, 751, 1068, 1984, 1999, 2005

kuàng 圹

see táng (= 塘)

kūn 昆

gun, ‘army; Han Chinese’ 487, 1364, 1368

kùn 困

eng, ‘to tie up’ 787

lā 拉

lak, ‘to collapse’ 194, 198

rag, ‘palisade’ 1474, 1478

lái 来

lai, ‘many’ 1507

laih, as in laihnaeuz ‘to suppose’ 1854

lán 兰

lanh, ‘cheap’ 1984

ranz, ‘house’ 1168

lán `

romj, ‘indigo’ 906

lǎng 烺

nengj, ‘glue’ 1547

làng 浪

langh, ‘to let go’ 1562

láo 劳

lau, ‘to fear’ 664, 808, 1340, 1344, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1933, 1937, 2048

lǎo 老

laux, ‘old’ 1073, 1077, 2088

lǎo 栳

rauq, clf. for harrow 1024

lè 乐

lo, ptl. 944, 1644, 1652, 1656, 1744, 1796, 1920

lox, ‘to attract’ 1208

lox, ‘to cheat’ 808

loq, ‘to choke’ 992

loh, ‘road’ 395, 399, 484, 492, 500, 508, 516, 524, 532, 540, 548, 604, 848, 1044, 1106, 1110, 1120, 1137, 1140, 1141, 1155, 1159, 1273, 1275, 1277, 1279, 1281, 1283, 1285, 1287, 1289, 1291, 1293, 1295, 1332, 1340, 1732, 1740, 1748, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1757, 1758, 1759, 1761, 1762, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1769, 1771, 1773, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1781, 1782, 1783, 2009, 2013, 2029, 2032, 2053

roen, ‘road’ 1724, 1763

lè 泺

loq, ‘to dream’ 2028

lè < (= 氻)

laeg, ‘deep’ 19, 1401, 1405, 1409, 1413, 1417, 1421, 1917, 2026

laeg, ‘don’t’ 164, 264, 581, 668, 740, 742, 750, 756, 764, 768, 816, 1005, 1007, 1013, 1015, 1021, 1023, 1029, 1031, 1037, 1039, 1045, 1047, 1051, 1053, 1055, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1071, 1332, 1334, 1336, 1337, 1338, 1341, 1342, 1345, 1346, 1349, 1350, 2041, 2042

laeg, ‘darling’ 496, 790, 1702, 1706, 1714, 1718

lěi 耒

lai, ‘many’ 64, 159, 162, 183, 362, 366, 643, 1085, 1087, 1199, 1339, 1553, 1555, 1693, 1728, 1935, 1936

laiz, ‘which?’ 640

laih, as in laihnaeuz ‘to suppose’ 1395, 1399, 1810, 1811, 1815, 1826

raiq, ‘shallow rapids’ 10, 11, 14, 15

raiq, ‘dyke’ 1484

lěi 洡

raiz, ‘dew’ 1232, 1300, 1304

raiz, ‘dazzled’ 1843

lèi 类

lae, ‘house-ladder’ 754

lae, ‘to flow’ 1483

lěng 冷

nit, ‘cold’ 1839

lí 梨

laeh, as in laehcei ‘lychee’ 1790

reiz, ‘banyan tree’ 1960

lí 离

leih, ‘wickerwork’ 1513

liz, ‘to separate’ 1186, 1188, 1190

lí 厘

leih, ‘wickerwork’ 1561, 1565

lǐ 里

leix, ‘li, Chinese mile’ 1777, 1781

lǐ 浬

rij, ‘stream’ 66

rwij, ‘to forge’ 363, 364, 367, 596, 600, 603, 606, 607

lǐ 礼

lawz, ‘which?’ 227, 231, 235, 236, 239, 252, 476, 852, 868, 976, 1274

ndaej, ‘to get’ 458, 462, 468, 472, 592, 630, 648, 666, 670, 769, 773, 792, 839, 864, 868, 872, 896, 916, 932, 940, 1012, 1042, 1043, 1104, 1191, 1192, 1202, 1211, 1215, 1216, 1226, 1228, 1230, 1234, 1236, 1238, 1240, 1242, 1244, 1248, 1250, 1252, 1254, 1256, 1390, 1398, 1402, 1404, 1406, 1408, 1410, 1412, 1414, 1416, 1436, 1444, 1452, 1474, 1475, 1478, 1479, 1622, 1640, 1699, 1728, 1731, 1807, 1811, 1815, 1823, 1943, 2019, 2022

lì 利

lawh, ‘instead’ 724, 728, 732, 736

leiz, ‘pear’ 1962

leih, ‘interest’ 76

leih, ‘beneficial’ 252, 256

leih, as in Giuzleih 507, 784, 1034

rij, ‘stream’ 1917, 1918

lì 历

lig, ‘almanac’ 1002

lì 力

leix, ‘to remain, have still, have left over’ 1352, 1795, 1799, 1803, 1971

liz, 1st syllable of disyllabic mim.suff. lizlinz (without stopping) 1147

liz, ‘separated’ 1204, 1526

lij, ‘still’ 582, 602, 631, 646, 771, 794, 920, 956, 962, 988, 1027, 1028, 1040, 1046, 1048, 1052, 1054, 1056, 1062, 1064, 1068, 1070, 1072, 1192, 1554, 1558, 1559, 1653, 1654, 1788, 1850, 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864, 1896, 1966, 1968, 1974, 2016, 2064

lwg, ‘child’ 1964, 1972, 1976

rengz, ‘strength’ 848, 895, 1220, 1817, 1821, 1849, 1857, 1861

lì 吏

sij, ‘ready to’ 2008

lì 立

laeb, ‘stand up’ 206, 210, 214, 703

laeb, ‘to pull’ 1910

laep, ‘dark’ 476, 674, 678, 682, 686, 690, 694, 698, 702, 706, 710, 714, 718, 1038, 1056, 1062, 1064, 1072, 1341, 1345, 1349, 1467, 1471, 1561, 1565, 1569, 1573, 1819, 1822, 1824, 2049, 2051, 2052, 2053, 2054, 2054

raeb, ‘side’ 1205

raek, ‘to break off’ 386, 390

raep, ‘bamboo cage’ 475

lì 粒

naeb, 2nd syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. niznaeb (so far) 2009, 2013

naed, 2nd syllable of disyllabic mim.suff. nixnaed (exhausted) 1145, 1149

naet, ‘exhausted’ 1820

ndaet, ‘tight’ 841

lián 连

laemz, as in Laemzfungz 1378, 1382

lienz, ‘along with’ 1355, 1356, 1583, 1587, 1591, 1607, 1747, 1751

lwenz, ‘yesterday’ 1979

liàn 炼

renz, ‘sword’ 1465, 1466, 1469, 1470

liáng 良

lengz, as in lwglengz ‘bullet’ 612, 620, 1468, 1472, 1508, 1572, 1576, 1607

lengx, ‘to roll over’ 844

rengx, ‘dry; drought’ 1693

riengz, ‘to follow’ 151, 155, 878, 878, 886, 886, 1058, 1058, 1336, 1404, 1408, 1816, 2032

riengh, ‘to drop down’ 566

riengh, ‘stable’ 738, 758

liáng 凉

liengz, ‘chilly’ 2002

liǎo 了

liu, ‘reed’ 954

liux, ptl. of completion 247, 409, 413, 457, 461, 473, 477, 479, 581, 654, 667, 729, 733, 739, 741, 743, 747, 749, 751, 757, 759, 795, 799, 1005, 1007, 1013, 1015, 1021, 1023, 1029, 1031, 1037, 1039, 1045, 1047, 1051, 1053, 1055, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1071, 1087, 1199, 1360, 1397, 1603, 1727, 1735, 1752, 1800, 1851, 1855, 1859, 1863, 1899, 1901, 1965, 1967, 1973, 1975, 2001, 2005, 2017, 2021, 2041, 2045, 2049, 2051, 2060, 2081, 2085

liux, ‘to mix’ 1846, 1848

riuz, ‘to transmit’ 189, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 205, 209, 209, 213, 213, 217, 217, 219, 220, 220, 221, 221, 223, 225, 225, 229, 229, 233, 233, 237, 237, 241, 241, 245, 245, 249, 249, 253, 253, 257, 257, 258, 259, 299, 303, 380, 416, 417, 421, 425, 429, 433, 435, 437, 439, 449, 451, 453, 455, 1476, 1480, 1528

riuz, ‘nimble’ 1458, 1462

liào 料

liuz, ‘to saunter’ 1566

liè 列

lez, certainly, still, even, then; ptl. 80, 224, 485, 493, 509, 517, 566, 623, 624, 630, 632, 665, 666, 767, 804, 819, 820, 823, 824, 884, 978, 1026, 1073, 1074, 1077, 1078, 1284, 1457, 1458, 1461, 1462, 1485, 1649, 1650, 1903, 1911, 1941, 1999, 2007, 2056

lez, redup. mim.suff. lezlez (hollow) 980

lej, ‘all along’ 1400, 2040

leh, ‘cotton sliver’ 629

leh, ‘to choose’ 92, 96, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120

re, ‘to guard against’ 1320

liè 咧

lez, ptl. 2060

liè 烈

rij, ‘stream’ 1420

lín 林

laemz, as in Laemzfungz 1072

limz, as in Siengjlimz 1064

linz, as in redup. mim.suff. linzlinz 1004, 2028

monosyllabic intensifying mim.suff. 1062

2nd syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. lizlinz (without stopping) 1147

linz, as in Sihlinz 1081, 1370

lumz, ‘to forget; forget about, put aside’ 742, 744, 750, 758, 764, 801, 802, 803, 805, 806, 807, 892

lumj, ‘to be like’ 587, 1523, 1527

lín 淋

linz, monosyllabic intensifying mim.suff. 1054

lumz, ‘to forget; forget about, put aside’ 1857

lumj, ‘to be like’ 920

rim, ‘full’ 1179, 1183

lìn Q (= 焛)

nding, ‘red’ 274, 322, 324, 326, 328, 355, 359, 460, 464, 571, 969, 973, 1099, 1103, 1113, 1117, 1172, 1176

líng 灵

lingz, ‘prescient, wise’ 339

ringz, ‘mid-day’ 1019, 1135, 1136, 1282, 1284, 1286, 1288, 1495, 1740, 1922, 1926

líng 坽

lingq, ‘hill’ 586, 590

lǐng 领

lingq, ‘hill’ 1442, 1443, 1446, 1447, 1506, 1516

lìng 令

ringj, ‘cupboard’ 2048

liú 留

raeuz, ‘we’ incl. 26

liú 畄 (= 留)

raeuz, ‘we’ incl. 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 17, 18, 25, 32, 73, 74, 77, 78, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89, 90, 94, 97, 98, 101, 102, 105, 106, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 299, 303, 315, 319, 512, 576, 810, 814, 841, 842, 1123, 1512, 1520, 1609, 1610

raeuz, ‘young grass shoots’ 958, 1107, 1111, 1115, 1119, 1986, 1990

liú 流

louz, ‘to roam around’ 1562, 1968

liù 六

loeg, ‘green’ 282, 286

loeg, as in Couloeg 1034

roek, ‘six’ 1033, 1090, 1094, 1218

ruz, ‘boat’ 972, 976, 1073, 1076, 1077, 1080, 1371, 1375, 1379, 1383

rug, ‘bedroom’ 715

lóng 龙

lungz, ‘dragon’ 271, 607

lungz, as in Lungz’an and Lungzing 499, 2083

rungz, ‘banyan tree’ 268, 2063

rungh, ‘small mountain valley in karst, hollow’ 1326, 1327, 1331, 1335

lóng 笼

loengz, ‘bridle’ 742, 744

lóng 栊

rungz, ‘banyan tree’ 272

lǒng 陇

roengz, ‘to descend’ 122, 207, 211, 215, 346, 347, 350, 351, 354, 358, 466, 466, 467, 470, 470, 471, 818, 822, 970, 971, 972, 973, 974, 976, 995, 999, 1046, 1088, 1300, 1371, 1375, 1379, 1383, 1523, 1527, 1622, 1624, 1628, 1632, 1919, 2018, 2065, 2066, 2067, 2069, 2070, 2071, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2077, 2078, 2079

rungh, ‘small mountain valley in karst, hollow’ 1217, 1221, 1225, 1227, 1229, 1231, 1233, 1235, 1237, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1245, 1247, 1249, 1251, 1253, 1255, 1322, 1323, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1791

lóu 娄

raeuz, ‘we’ incl. 52, 56, 260, 473, 477, 964n, 1304, 1560, 1872, 1884

raeuj, ‘warm’ 964

lóu 楼

laeuz, ‘storied building’ 444, 1291, 1295

raeuz, ‘we’ incl. 959

lǔ 鲁

luq, ‘bald’ 970, 974

lù 路

loh, ‘road’ 1905, 1909, 1913

roen, ‘road’ 403, 407, 1159, 1631, 1636, 1775, 1818, 1819, 1822, 1822, 2023, 2027, 2030

luàn 乱

luenh, ‘disorder; become chaotic’ 152, 208, 216, 224, 236, 247, 276, 284, 292, 300, 308, 316, 324, 332, 340, 348, 356, 360, 372, 380, 388, 396, 404, 409, 412, 413

luàn 6 (= 乱)

luenh, ‘disorder; become chaotic’ 6, 200

lún 倫

lwnz, ‘youngest child; darling’ 1124, 1640

lún 伦

lwnz, ‘youngest child; darling’ 488, 520, 795, 1592, 1727, 1855, 1899, 1914, 2001, 2017

lùn l (= 論)

lwnh, ‘to tell, recount’ 1560

lùn 论

lwnh, ‘to tell, recount’ 1834, 1838, 1842

luó 罗

mbaq, ‘shoulder’ 513

nda, ‘carry sling’ 481, 489, 497, 513n, 529, 533, 537, 541, 545, 549, 557

ra, ‘to look for’ 3, 7, 924, 1184, 1200, 1215, 1242, 1246, 1372, 1380, 1594, 1595, 1598, 1599, 1604, 1610, 1612, 1614, 1684, 1770, 1772, 1774, 1844, 1852, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1938

raz, ‘first wife; darling’ 172, 247, 581, 741, 749, 757, 1031, 1210, 1214, 1320, 1426, 1430, 1434, 1438, 1442, 1446, 1450, 1454, 1468, 1616, 1658, 1662, 1666, 1670, 1674, 1678, 1682, 1686, 1690, 1776, 1851, 1879, 1882, 1886, 1908, 2049

raz, ‘distant’ 1793, 1801, 1805

raz, ‘sesame’ 1982

raq, ‘storm’ 1572

luò 落

lak, ‘to collapse’ 190, 202

lǚ 侣

lawz, ‘which?’ 8, 261, 262, 263, 616, 772, 812, 872, 896, 916, 940, 946, 947, 948, 1006, 1008, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1022, 1024, 1030, 1032, 1104, 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1176, 1256, 1276, 1282, 1290, 1292, 1628, 1651, 1655, 1875, 1957, 1959, 1967, 1977, 2072

má 麻

maz, ‘acute illness’ 1348, 1352, 1835

mbaq, ‘shoulder’ 505, 521, 525, 553, 987

mǎ 马

ma, ‘to come back’ 767, 1593, 1597, 1609, 1613, 1641, 1645, 1657, 1661, 1665, 1669, 1673, 1677, 1681, 1685, 1689

maz, ‘what?’ 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 68, 72, 265, 267, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, 301, 305, 307, 309, 313, 317, 321, 323, 325, 327, 329, 331, 333, 337, 341, 345, 349, 353, 357, 361, 364, 365, 369, 373, 377, 381, 385, 389, 393, 397, 401, 405, 486, 487, 488, 494, 495, 502, 503, 504, 510, 511, 512, 518, 520, 576, 588, 864, 932, 1246, 1432, 1440, 1448, 1456, 1648, 1736, 1813, 1829, 1872

maz, question ptl. 1891, 1897, 1899

max, as in Maxdaeuz and Bingzmax 165, 169, 515, 1048

max, ‘horse’ 347, 351, 738, 742, 744, 746, 750, 754, 758, 841, 842, 845, 846, 857, 861, 865, 889, 893, 897, 897, 898, 901, 901, 902, 905, 909, 913, 917, 921, 922, 923, 925, 926, 927, 929, 930, 930, 931, 933, 934, 936, 937, 938, 939, 941, 942, 949, 953, 954, 955, 957, 958, 959, 961, 965, 969, 970, 971, 973, 974, 977, 985, 993, 1050, 1098, 1102, 1106, 1110, 1122, 1126, 1129, 1131, 1133, 1140, 1172, 1176, 1490, 1505, 1523, 1527, 1531, 1534, 1578, 1579, 1582, 1583, 1721, 1721, 1722, 1725, 1725, 1726, 1729, 1729, 1730, 1733, 1733, 1734, 1737, 1737, 1738, 1741, 1741, 1742, 1745, 1745, 1746, 1749, 1749, 1750

max, component in words for ‘bullet’, as in yienzmax ‘bullet’ 1026, 1027

mǎi 买

maiq, ‘widow’ 355, 359, 363, 367

mán 9 (= 瞞)

momh, ‘muzzle’ 1228

mán 蛮

manz, ‘ferocious’ 417

mán : (= 㙢)

mon, ‘cold’ 2058

mǎn ; (= 滿)

mon, ‘cold’ 2059, 2060, 2062, 2063

màn 慢

menh, ‘slow’ 1459, 1560

máng 芒

mbieng, ‘giant cane’ 1986

māo 猫

meuz, ‘cat’ 1945, 1947, 1949, 1951

mǎo 冇

byouq, ‘empty’ 1650

ndwi, ‘empty’ 128, 136, 148, 163, 172

máo 毛

mbauq, ‘boy’ 1957

mào 冒

mauh, ‘swarm’ 1114, 1118

mào 帽

mauh, ‘hat’ 610, 611, 616, 1586, 1587, 1590, 1591, 1722, 1723, 1726, 1727

me 么

moq, ‘new’ 192, 786, 1832, 1875, 1879, 2016, 2027, 2030

méi 眉

miz, ‘to have’ 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 124, 132, 140, 144, 155, 163, 168, 183, 187, 355, 359, 571, 575, 582, 643, 644, 659, 663, 665, 667, 848, 895, 897, 898, 899, 901, 902, 903, 950, 951, 952, 1075, 1076, 1246, 1319, 1376, 1384, 1417, 1418, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1505, 1506, 1513, 1514, 1515, 1516, 1521, 1525, 1627, 1633, 1634, 1637, 1638, 1648, 1721, 1722, 1725, 1726, 1729, 1730, 1733, 1734, 1737, 1738, 1741, 1742, 1745, 1746, 1749, 1750, 1813, 1829, 1871, 1919, 1923, 1939, 1940, 1961, 1963, 1969

méi 梅

faex, ‘wood, tree’ 24, 28, 2059

maex, ‘wife’ 1210

mèn 闷

mbwq, ‘distressed’ 64

mbwn, ‘sky’ 519, 983, 1070, 1693

mwn, ‘warm, hot’ 1856

mwt, ‘mildew’ 1941

mén 门

mwn, ‘warm, hot’ 2064

mèng 孟

mbieng, ‘giant cane’ 1107, 1111, 1115, 1119, 1990

mboengj, ‘fierce’ 1547

mí 迷

feih, ‘amusing’ 1948

maex, ‘confused’ 944, 988

mǐ 米

haeux, ‘rice’ 350

mì 密

moed, ‘wampee’ 20

mì 樒

mbaet, ‘rice measure’ 1935

mián 棉

faiq, ‘cotton’ 354, 358, 613, 614, 629, 646, 661, 1435, 1439, 1467, 1471, 1698, 1699, 1702, 1703, 1882, 1883, 1886, 1887

miàn 面

mienh, ‘face’ 1474, 1478

miào 庙

miuh, ‘temple’ 834, 835, 838, 839, 850, 851, 854, 855

miè 灭

mej, ‘to carry on back’ 874

meh, ‘mother’ 176, 228, 351, 824, 871, 879, 880, 883, 885, 887, 915, 1976, 1985, 1987, 1993, 2004

mín 民

mbaen, ‘place’ 1157, 1257, 1258, 1261, 1262, 1265, 1266, 1269, 1270

mbinj, ‘straw mat’ 883, 887

mǐn 敏

maenz, ‘to be able to (do sthg); capable, strong’ 1304, 1476, 1480, 1528

maenj, ‘to bully’ 76, 84

maenj, ‘plum’ 266, 270, 1962, 1970

maenh, ‘strong, firm, steady’ 60, 842, 843, 846, 847, 936

mbaen, ‘place’ 227, 231, 235, 236, 239, 240, 292, 292, 296, 296, 476, 937, 941, 950, 951, 955

míng 名

mingz, ‘name’ 124, 128, 132, 136, 140, 144, 148, 163, 168, 172, 174, 175, 178, 179, 182, 184, 186, 1066, 1068, 1086, 1595

mwngz, ‘you’ 598, 606, 660, 794, 967, 982, 1194, 1196, 1198, 1320, 1559, 1640, 1804, 1808, 1895, 1927, 1928, 1980, 1984, 1999

nuengx, ‘younger sibling’ 807

mìng 命

mingh, ‘life’ 468, 1212, 1507, 1795, 1799, 1803, 1807

mò 莫

moz, ‘oxen’ 591

mǒu 某

maeuz, ‘to plot’ 1991

mù 目

moek, ‘to bury’ 2041, 2045

moengx, ‘blurred’ 2028

mù 木

faex, ‘wood, tree’ 59, 60, 63, 1233, 1237, 1243, 1623, 1623, 1714, 1715, 2063

maex, ‘wife’ 1211, 1214, 1243

moeg, ‘coverlet’ 875, 1832

nǎ 哪

nat, ‘Melastoma’ 34

nw, ptl. 264, 1512

nà 那

naz, ‘wetfield’ 67, 71, 378, 382, 386, 390, 394, 396, 398, 400, 402, 406, 913, 917, 1032, 1179, 1183, 1515, 1611, 1615, 1850, 1881, 1885

naz, ‘wetfield’, as in Nazhaij 427, 459, 463, 491, 615, 1182

naj, ‘face’ 906, 907, 910, 911, 1538, 1539, 1542, 1543, 1599, 1910, 1912, 2037

nat, ‘Melastoma’ 35, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 47, 50, 51, 54, 55

nà 呐

nw, ptl. 448, 816, 1488, 1520

nǎi 乃

naet, ‘exhausted’ 1042

nai, ‘to speak deliberately, exhort’ 735

naiq, ‘rest, tired’ 1096, 1820, 1823, 1960

naih, ‘(no) recourse’ 844

naih, ‘to prevent; impediment’ 652

ndai, ‘harrow’ 1014

ndaij, ‘ramie’ 1427, 1431

nán 南

namz, ‘south’ 219, 223, 555, 559, 1056, 1374

namh, ‘earth’ 519, 1138

nanz, ‘a long time’ 1557

nangx, ‘capsicle’ 402, 406

nán 喃

namh, ‘ground’ 884

nán 难

nanz, ‘hard’ 776, 1211, 1215, 1500, 1555, 1644, 1648, 1796

nanz, ‘a long time’ 1143, 1700

nanh, ‘disaster’ 460

nào 闹

nauq, ‘not at all’ 128, 136, 148, 1360, 1752, 1800, 1918

ndau, as in ndaundeij ‘star’ 1164

nèi 内

ndaej, ‘to get’ 1808

ndaw, ‘inside’ 70, 318, 378, 382, 386, 402, 410, 411, 419, 423, 563, 715, 719, 1356, 1578, 1586, 1649, 1650, 1653, 1654, 1675, 1679

neix, ‘this’ 302, 342

noh, ‘meat’ 1840

noix, ‘little’ 68, 164, 608, 645, 763, 765, 820, 840, 892, 944, 963, 988, 992, 1026, 1027, 1144, 1156, 1160, 1184, 1188, 1196, 1200, 1204, 1208, 1276, 1284, 1292, 1432, 1440, 1448, 1456, 1532, 1536, 1644, 1648, 1652, 1656, 1736, 1744, 1756, 1760, 1764, 1772, 1776, 1780, 1788, 1796, 1812, 1876, 1888, 1920, 1936, 2052, 2056, 2060

néng ) (= 能)

naengz, ‘to be able’ 800, 968, 1000, 1208

naengh, ‘to sit’ 683, 691, 719, 1077, 1080, 1270, 1888, 1952, 2006, 2007

ndwn, ‘to stand’ 1898

nengh, ‘to drag, haul’, as in cungqnengh ‘cannon’ 1378, 1379, 1382, 1383, 1396

néng # (= 能)

naengh, ‘to sit’ 196

néng ¬ (= 能)

naengh, ‘sit’ 695, 707, 711

nián 年

nienz, ‘year’ 567

niàn 念

ndiep, ‘to think of’ 4, 1199

niemh, ‘to think of’ 8, 762, 771, 800, 820, 824, 996, 1000

niáng 娘

nangz, ‘lady’ 667, 729, 747, 771, 1804, 1808, 1980, 1998, 2000

nengj, ‘glue, meat residue’ 1551

níng 宁

ndingq, as in ndungjndingq ‘mole cricket’ 1098, 1102, 1266

ninz, ‘to lie down’ 458, 462, 585, 586, 587, 589, 590, 591, 875, 883, 884, 887, 1348, 1684, 1688, 1827, 1828, 1831, 1832, 1836

ning, ‘to move’ 1653

ningz, ‘peace’ 219, 223, 555, 559, 1056, 1374

níng 咛

ning, ‘noisy, lively’ 2057, 2061

ning, ‘to move’ 2076, 2080, 2084

nóng 农

ndungj, as in ndungjndingq ‘mole cricket’ 1098, 1102

nuengx, ‘younger sibling’ 739, 803, 1016, 1186, 1190, 1955

nòng V (= 弄)

loeng, ‘to make a mistake’ 584

niú 牛

neuz, ‘to quiver, shake’ 371, 375

nǚ 女

leix, ‘Chinese mile’ 1753, 1757, 1761, 1765, 1769, 1773, 1777

neix, ‘this’ 258, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, 298, 301, 305, 306, 307, 309, 310, 313, 314, 317, 318, 321, 322, 323, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 337, 338, 341, 345, 349, 353, 357, 361, 365, 369, 373, 377, 380, 381, 384, 385, 388, 389, 392, 393, 397, 401, 405, 417, 421, 425, 429, 433, 435, 437, 439, 449, 451, 453, 455, 593, 597, 601, 605, 609, 617, 625, 641, 649, 780, 781, 783, 953, 957, 961, 1143, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160, 1257, 1258, 1261, 1262, 1265, 1266, 1269, 1270, 1278, 1280, 1286, 1294, 1297, 1301, 1305, 1309, 1313, 1317, 1321, 1325, 1353, 1357, 1385, 1393, 1397, 1693, 1720, 1754, 1758, 1760, 1762, 1766, 1774, 1778, 1782, 1784, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1969, 1971, 1977, 2027, 2029, 2055, 2081, 2082, 2085, 2086

niz, 1st syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. niznaeb (so far) 2009, 2013

nix, 1st syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. nixnaed (exhausted) 1145, 1149

nixned (staggering) 1146, 1150

ōu 欧

aeu, ‘to take’ 68, 364, 426, 474, 475, 478, 481, 489, 497, 529, 533, 537, 541, 545, 553, 610, 611, 616, 618, 619, 621, 624, 626, 627, 630, 632, 634, 635, 637, 642, 645, 650, 651, 653, 724, 768, 1211, 1216, 1220, 1224, 1307, 1311, 1432, 1440, 1448, 1456, 1736, 1992, 1998, 2000

euj, ‘to break off’ 36, 44, 52

pā 妑

baz, ‘wife’ 768, 1408

pà 怕

lau, ‘to fear’ 1921

pái 棑

baiz, ‘placard’ 184

baiz, ‘to set in order’ 1123, 1124, 1128

faiz, ‘sweet bamboo’ 1231

faiq, ‘cotton’ 858

pài 派

byaij, ‘to walk, go away’ 1044, 1120, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1724, 1732, 1740, 1748, 1773, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1822, 1913, 2053

páng 旁

bangx, ‘side’ 1, 2, 5, 6, 274, 282, 290, 587

péng 彭

bengz, ‘crockpot’ 91, 95

bengz, ‘dear’ 92, 96, 188, 362, 366, 759, 896, 1128, 1608, 2044

péng 朋

baengz, ‘cloth’ 631, 654, 655, 657, 661, 1703

mbaengq, ‘large bamboo container’ 1330, 1332, 1334, 1336

mbueng, ‘rice bin’ 563

pèng 碰

bungq, ‘to bump into’ 1515

pí 皮

beix, ‘elder sibling’ 660, 664, 919, 1005, 1007, 1011, 1013, 1021, 1023, 1029, 1037, 1045, 1047, 1053, 1061, 1069, 1071, 1186, 1190, 1655, 1792, 1816, 1943, 1965, 1973, 1975, 2006, 2031

bi, ‘year’ 258, 265, 265, 267, 267, 269, 269, 271, 271, 273, 273, 275, 275, 277, 277, 279, 279, 281, 281, 283, 283, 285, 285, 287, 287, 289, 289, 291, 291, 293, 293, 295, 295, 297, 297, 301, 301, 305, 305, 307, 307, 309, 309, 313, 313, 317, 317, 321, 321, 323, 323, 325, 325, 327, 327, 329, 329, 331, 331, 333, 333, 337, 337, 341, 341, 345, 345, 349, 349, 353, 353, 357, 357, 361, 361, 365, 365, 369, 369, 373, 373, 377, 377, 381, 381, 384, 385, 385, 388, 389, 389, 392, 393, 393, 397, 397, 401, 401, 405, 405, 417, 421, 425, 429, 433, 435, 437, 439, 449, 451, 453, 455, 613, 779, 780, 781, 781, 783, 783, 1693, 1719, 1849, 1851, 1853, 1855, 1857, 1859, 1861, 1863, 1995, 2025, 2037

biz, ‘leather’ 1747, 1751

pí 枇

biz, as in bizbaz ‘loquat’ 1786

piàn I (= 片)

meng, ‘flake’ 16

piě 丿

it, ‘one’ 1001, 2014, 2015

ndiu, ‘to sleep’ 458, 462

pǐn 品

bumz, 2nd syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. bizbumz (sound of gunfire) 1387

píng 平

baen, ‘to allocate’ 1426, 1432

baenz, ‘to become’ 65, 69, 108, 191, 192, 195, 196, 199, 203, 259, 431, 432, 580, 613, 656, 671, 858, 906, 907, 910, 911, 1138, 1139, 1142, 1172, 1188, 1204, 1427, 1431, 1432, 1435, 1439, 1443, 1447, 1451, 1455, 1484, 1538, 1539, 1556, 1700, 1703, 1719, 1824, 1835, 1843, 1964, 1972, 2057, 2058, 2059, 2061, 2062, 2063

bingz, as in Bingzmax 515

bingz, ‘level’ 1430

pǔ 朴

bug, ‘pomelo’ 1355

qī 七

caet, ‘seven’ 532, 1041, 1146, 1150, 1478, 1479

siz, as in sizsaez ‘without stopping’ 935

siz, as in sizsaih ‘truly’ 1944

qī 柒

nyumx, ‘to dye’ 1252

qí 奇

gwih, ‘to ride’ 742, 744, 865, 889, 893, 897, 905, 909, 913, 917, 921, 925, 929, 933, 937, 941, 949, 953, 955, 957, 961, 965, 969, 971, 973, 977, 985, 993

qí 齐

caez, ‘together’ 32, 73, 74, 77, 78, 82, 85, 86, 90, 94, 97, 98, 101, 102, 105, 106, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 479, 880, 1624

qí 旗

geiz, ‘flag, banner’ 851, 855, 1097, 1099, 1099, 1101, 1103, 1103, 1105, 1109, 1121, 1125

qí 其

gei, ‘motive’ 659, 663

giz, ‘place’ 261, 262, 263, 1187, 1628, 1651, 1770, 1774, 1875, 2072

qí / (= 其)

giz, ‘place’ 1203, 1655

qí 骑

gwih, ‘to ride’ 857, 861

qì 气

heiq, ‘to worry’ 164, 664, 1002, 1004, 1718, 1954, 2048

heiq, ‘smoke’ 1546, 1549, 1550

qì 泣

laep, ‘dark’ 1040, 1048, 1054, 1337

qiān 千

cien, ‘thousand’ 1089, 1090, 1093, 1094, 1129, 1134, 1490, 1530, 1531, 1534, 1753, 1757, 1761, 1765, 1769, 1773, 1777, 1781

cienq, ‘to turn around’, as in cienqcak ‘pace back and forth’ 1618, 1622

qián 钱

cienz, ‘money’ 76, 187, 1219, 1223, 1224, 1567, 1692, 1695

qián 扲

gaem, ‘to grasp’ 791, 793, 797, 818, 822, 841, 891, 1461, 1462

qiǎn 浅

cienh, ‘cheap’ 1984

qiāng 枪

cungq, ‘gun’ 364, 596, 791, 1111, 1489

qiáng 強

geng, ‘hard’ 15

qiāo . (= 橾)

caux, ‘to conduct military exercises’ 1115

qiáo 桥

giuz, ‘bridge’ 200, 204

giuz, as in Giuzleih 507, 1034

qīng 轻

mbaeu, ‘light’ 1987

qīng 青

cing, ‘to drag’ 750, 758, 970, 974

cing, ‘pure, clear’ 1664, 1846, 1848

heu, ‘green’ 1138, 1142

qīng 清

cing, ‘pure, clear’ 1043

qíng 晴

ndit, ‘sunny’ 723

qíng 情

cingz, ‘emotion’ 800, 1744

qǐng 请

cingj, ‘to invite’ 594, 595, 598, 599, 602

qiú 球

gouz, ‘to beseech’ 1228

gyaeuq, ‘paulownia’ 866

qiú =

geuq, ‘to chew’ 10

quán 权

genx, ‘to sob’ 992, 1850

quǎn 犬

ma, ‘dog’ 1951

què 却

gyo, ‘to rely on’ 40

gyoq, ‘lump of charcoal’ 2043, 2046, 2047

què u (= 却)

gyo, ‘to rely on’ 48, 56

gyoq, ‘lump of charcoal’ 2042

rè 热

ndat, ‘hot’ 565

rén 壬

nyaemz, ‘quick’ 1460, 1464

nyoem, ‘in profusion; fully’ 435, 439, 1403

rěn 棯

nim, ‘Rhodomyrtus’ 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 1889

rì 日

ngoenz, ‘day’ 484, 492, 500, 508, 516, 524, 528, 532, 536, 540, 544, 548, 552, 588, 723, 723, 852, 856, 864, 872, 896, 916, 932, 1001, 1003, 1009, 1017, 1019, 1025, 1033, 1041, 1049, 1057, 1065, 1127, 1129, 1130, 1133, 1134, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1500, 1569, 1573, 1596, 1760, 1784, 1792, 1835, 1843, 1979, 1994, 1998, 2053

nyid, ‘armpit sweat’ 1545

róng 荣

yungz, ‘happy’ 968, 1944

ròu ® (= 肉)

noh, ‘meat, flesh’ 1839, 1846, 1848, 1848

rú 如

hix, ‘also’ 1465, 1466, 1469, 1470

lumj, ‘to be like’ 190, 194, 198, 202, 591, 655, 657, 1097, 1098, 1101, 1102, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1467, 1468, 1471, 1472, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1542, 1558, 1572, 1576, 1856, 1864, 1942, 1982, 1986, 1990, 2064

rù 入

yaek, ‘to flash’ 2047

yaep, ‘to blink’ 672, 786, 786

sān 三

sam, ‘three’ 500, 603, 1009, 1089, 1093, 1129, 1133, 1145, 1149, 1161, 1165, 1570, 1574, 2087

sǎn E (= 傘)

liengj, ‘umbrella’ 115, 119, 150, 154, 803, 807, 994, 998, 1798

sǎn 散

sanq, ‘to disperse’ 215, 1472

sāng 桑

sang, ‘high, tall’ 452, 456

sǎo 扫

sauh, clf. ‘round (of fire)’ 1574

sè 色

raek, ‘to break off’ 623

saek, as in Baksaek 531, 535, 1329, 1333, 1369, 1373, 1377, 1381

saek, ‘one or more, any’ 660, 1935, 1939, 1940

saet, ‘to leap’ 66, 70

sēng 僧

saengz, ‘interested’ 1860, 1864

shā 沙

sa, ‘paper’ 175, 179

sa, ‘to drag through’ 652

sa, ‘mulberry’ 1235, 1239

sa, ‘heat-bump’ 1347, 1351

sa, ‘sand’ 1949

saj, ‘spinning wheel’ 629, 646

shā & (= 沙)

sa, ‘paper’ 256

shā 杀

cax, ‘knife’ 363, 367, 1473, 1477, 1794, 1802, 1806

shà 煞

sad, ‘to finish’ 2082, 2083, 2086, 2087

shān 山

bya, ‘karst mountain’ 1453

canz, ‘drying platform’ 679, 2003

shǎn 闪

ruemx, ‘to burn’ 1542

shang 裳

cungz, clf. for clothes 1735

shàng 上

cang, ‘to offer up’ 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 835, 837, 838

gwnz, ‘above’ 243, 578, 579, 583, 586, 590, 647, 789, 981, 1064, 1123, 1299, 1363, 1367, 1489, 1505, 1533, 1554, 1556, 1558, 1602, 1605, 1617, 1619, 1621, 1623, 1625, 1629, 1633, 1637, 1723, 1763, 1767, 1828, 1832, 1836, 1900, 1913, 1945, 1949

Siengj, as in Siengjlimz 1064

shāo 焼

remj, ‘to burn’ 1546, 1550, 2048

sháo 勺

lak, as in laklej ‘after all’ 2040

saek, ‘one or more, any’ 1923

yaek, ‘about to’ 152, 190, 194, 198, 199, 200, 202, 208, 216, 259, 276, 284, 292, 300, 308, 316, 324, 332, 340, 348, 356, 368, 372, 388, 396, 404, 412, 445, 624, 632, 721, 729, 733, 737, 745, 753, 761, 804, 1088, 1485, 1493, 1497, 1501, 1509, 1517, 1812, 1907, 1931

yaek, ‘to flash’ 2043

shǎo z (= 少)

cauj, ‘straw’ 815

shè 社

seq, ‘smartweed’ 400

shè 设

ceh, ‘area’ 959

shè 射

seq, ‘bayberry’ 866

shēn 身

ndang, ‘body’ 619, 770, 776, 986, 990, 1248, 1546, 1547, 1548, 1549, 1550, 1551, 1699, 1994, 1998

saen, ‘body’ 604

shēn | (= 身)

ndang, ‘body’ 950

shěn 审

sinz, ‘to splash’ 572

shēng 生

seng, ‘male’ 890, 894

seng, ‘alive’ 895

shēng 声

sing, ‘sound’ 1191, 1202, 1390, 1398, 1400

shěng 省

sengj, ‘province’ 991, 1127, 1209, 1213

singj, ‘province’ 991n

shèng 聖

ringz, ‘lunch’ 43, 47, 58, 62, 432

shī 虱

naenz, ‘louse’ 1265, 1271

shī 拾

gip, ‘to pluck’ 350, 354, 358

shī 失

seiz, ‘time’ 1920

shí 十

cib, ‘ten’ 560, 826, 827, 830, 831, 1050, 1065, 1217, 1218, 1221, 1222, 1225, 1227, 1229, 1231, 1233, 1235, 1237, 1239, 1241, 1243, 1245, 1247, 1249, 1251, 1253, 1255, 1273, 1275, 1277, 1279, 1281, 1283, 1285, 1287, 1289, 1291, 1293, 1295, 1312, 1475, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1791

shí 时

seiz, ‘time’ 672, 940, 1012, 1104, 1697, 1701, 1705, 1709, 1713, 1717, 1720, 2027, 2029, 2055

shí 時

seiz, ‘time’ 982

shí 石

rin, ‘stone’ 12, 16, 426, 430, 1249, 1253, 1484

shǐ 使

sij, ‘to be ready to’ 1916

shì 是

dawz, ‘take’ 788

dwg, ‘to be’ 72, 244, 269, 409, 665, 781, 783

shì O (= 是)

dwg, ‘to be’ 247, 1817, 1821, 1879, 1880, 1884, 2038

shì + (= 事)

saeh, ‘thing, matter’ 770

shì 亊 (= 事)

saeh, ‘thing, matter’ 776

shì 室

rug, ‘bedroom’ 719

shōu 収 (= 收)

sou, ‘you’ pl. 562

shōu , (= 收)

sou, ‘you’ pl. 570

shǒu 手

fwngz, ‘hand’ 180, 608, 797, 818, 819, 822, 823, 870, 891, 1476, 1480

shǒu 首

nduj, ‘first’ 593, 597, 601, 605, 609, 617, 625, 633, 641, 649, 782

shǒu 守

dawz, ‘to take hold’ 424

shū 梳

roi, ‘to comb’ 1906

shū 疏

soq, ‘number’ 1384

shù 树

cei, as in laehcei ‘lychee’ 1790

shuài 帅

sai, ‘male’ 669, 1568, 1989, 1991, 1997

saih, as in sizsaih ‘truly’ 1944

shuāng 双

song, ‘two’ 124, 132, 138, 140, 187, 260, 266, 268, 457, 461, 576, 797, 870, 874, 882, 967, 981, 1123, 1186, 1425, 1429, 1433, 1437, 1441, 1445, 1449, 1453, 1564, 1872, 1880, 1954, 1956, 1958, 2019, 2022, 2043, 2047

shuǐ 水

raemx, ‘water’ 565, 1043, 1090, 1094, 1225, 1229, 1483, 1942

shùn 顺

swnj, ‘to connect, link together’ 1288, 1296

sī 司

sawz, ‘sweet potato’ 1676

sī 思

swh, as in Swhlinz 1081, 1370

sì 四

seiq, ‘four’ 508, 802, 806, 1017, 1190, 1627, 1631, 1631, 1866, 1867, 1867, 1870, 2068

seiq, as in Seiqcingz 1366

sì 梩

reiz, ‘banyan tree’ 17, 21, 25, 29

sòng 送

soengq, ‘to send’ 648, 849, 853, 867, 869, 871, 873, 877, 879, 881, 885, 948, 952

suàn 算

suenq, ‘to consider as’ 12

suàn J (= 算)

suenq, ‘to consider as’ 24, 28

suàn 祘 (= 算)

suenq, ‘to consider as’ 16, 20

suǒ 所

soh, ‘straight’ 1107, 1111, 1985, 1986

suǒ ¤ (= 所)

soh, ‘straight’ 1989, 1990, 2031

tā 他

dah, ‘river’ 2, 274, 278, 282, 284, 286, 288, 290, 294, 1401, 1405, 1409, 1413, 1417, 1421, 1424

daih, ‘big’ 1054, 1062

de, ‘he, she, it’ 643, 1487, 1495, 1499, 1503, 1511, 1519, 1705

deih, ‘earth’ 582

tā 塌

doemq, ‘to topple’ 908, 1540, 1544

tǎ 塔

dab, ‘to redouble’ 418, 422, 423, 2079

daeb, ‘Flemingia’ 2010, 2014

daemq, ‘to collapse’ 912

dap, ‘to construct, fit up with, decorate’ 1878

tà 嗒

daz, ‘to pull, drag, draw (yarn)’ 638

tài 太

dai, ‘to die’ 378, 379, 382, 441, 442, 444, 445, 445, 448, 1340, 1344, 1485, 1485, 1488, 1490, 1492, 1493, 1493, 1496, 1497, 1497, 1501, 1501, 1505, 1506, 1508, 1509, 1509, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1517, 1517, 1520, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1534, 1536, 1812, 1931

daij, ‘cogongrass’ 2026

daiq, ‘mother-in-law’ 232, 248, 859, 862, 863, 928, 1688

daiq, ‘too’ 784, 1521, 1809, 1825, 1833, 1837, 1841

daih, ‘big; old’ 362, 366, 1273, 1275, 1277, 1279, 1281, 1283, 1285, 1287, 1289, 1291, 1293, 1295, 1308, 1312, 1927, 1988, 1992

daih, ordinal number pref. 1025, 1033, 1041, 1049, 1057, 1065

tán 坛

caengz, ‘not yet’ 1894, 1973, 1975

tàn 叹

nyaeuh, ‘to trick’ 1947

raeuq, ‘to bark’ 2033, 2033, 2034, 2034, 2035, 2038, 2039

tàn 炭

danq, ‘charcoal’ 1324, 1328

táng 塘

daemz, ‘pond’ 410, 414

daemx, ‘to extend, reach, bump into’ 1288

daemh, ‘to stamp (the foot)’ 1310

táng 圹 (= 塘)

daem, ‘to pound’ 1082, 1323, 1324, 1327, 1328, 1457

daemz, ‘pond; ditch, moat’ 905, 909, 1040, 1416, 1858, 1862, 1904, 1905, 1909, 1915

daemj, ‘to strike against’ 654

daemx, ‘to extend, reach, bump into’ 1091, 1095, 1296

daemh, ‘to stamp (the foot)’ 644, 1311, 1314, 1315

táng r (= 糖)

diengz, ‘candy’ 1982

táo 桃

dauz, ‘peach’ 1970, 1974

táo 逃

deuz, ‘to flee’ 260, 457, 465, 465, 466, 467, 469, 469, 470, 471, 473, 473, 477, 477, 480, 484

tí 提

daemh, ‘to stamp (the foot)’ 738, 746, 754

dawz, ‘to take’ 3, 67, 184, 188, 583, 732, 736, 787, 945, 949, 1074, 1075, 1078, 1079, 1079, 1308, 1312, 1383, 1473, 1477

dwk, ‘to hit’ 608

tì 啼

daez, ‘hoof’ 746

daej, ‘to cry’ 871, 1212

tì 蹄

daez, ‘hoof’ 738, 754

tiān 天

dien, ‘heaven’ as in dienyah ‘the world’ 796, 2076

dien, as in Dien’aen 1691

tián 田

dienz, as in Dienznganx 1361, 1365, 1577, 1581, 1585, 1589, 1601

tiáo 条

deuz, ‘to flee’ 485, 485, 488, 492, 493, 493, 496, 500, 501, 504, 508, 509, 509, 512, 516, 517, 517, 520, 524, 528, 532, 536, 540, 544, 548, 552, 560, 585, 589, 802, 806

diuz, clf. 1236, 1755, 1759, 1763, 1767, 1771, 1779, 1783, 1795, 1799, 1803, 1807, 1952, 1986

tiào 跳

diuq, ‘to leap’ 410, 414, 415

tiě 铁

de, ‘he, she, it’ 227, 231, 235, 236, 239, 240, 252, 256, 443, 447, 843, 847, 1316, 1319, 1507, 1508, 1595, 1697, 1701, 1709, 1713, 1717

deq, ‘to wait’ 624, 632, 826, 827, 830, 831

tīng 听

dingq, ‘to listen’ 218, 222, 226, 227, 230, 231, 234, 235, 238, 239, 242, 243, 243, 244, 246, 247, 299, 303, 311, 315, 319, 339, 1834, 1838, 1842

tīng 汀

dingh, ‘waterhole’ 587

tōng 通

doeng, ‘to connect to’ 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1157, 1158, 1159, 1160

tóng 同

doengz, ‘the same’ 779n

doengz, ‘together’ 1, 2, 9, 10, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 73, 74, 77, 78, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 97, 98, 101, 102, 105, 106, 109, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 335, 375, 469

doengz, ‘partner’ 465, 743, 804, 996, 1000, 1051, 1104, 1891, 1955, 1959, 2020, 2024, 2040

doengh, indef. clf. for time periods; ‘previous, past’ 779

doengh, ‘field’ 1615, 1885

dungx, ‘belly’ 947, 951, 1921, 1925, 1929, 1933, 1937

tóng 桐

doengz, as in Nazdoengz 491

doengz, clf. for pig’s head 1563, 1567

dongh, ‘post’ 371

tǒng 桶

doengj, ‘orange’ 1978, 1981

tóu 头

daeuz, ‘head’ 165, 169, 511, 904, 1036, 1048, 1116, 1120

gyaeuj, ‘head’ 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 200, 204, 578, 611, 841, 842, 845, 846, 1083, 1402, 1406, 1410, 1414, 1484, 1563, 1567, 1723, 1900, 1906, 1911

saek, ‘spear’ 1406n

tū 凸

byoz, ‘clump, tussock; grassy slope’ 586, 923, 927, 969, 970, 971, 973, 974

tǔ 土

dou, ‘we’ 13, 14, 80, 121, 124, 129, 132, 137, 140, 144, 149, 157, 173, 174, 175, 181, 182, 184, 187, 218, 226, 234, 242, 250, 446, 457, 561, 564, 569, 602, 616, 621, 623, 637, 639, 648, 654, 661, 663, 667, 673, 681, 689, 697, 705, 713, 739, 741, 743, 747, 748, 749, 751, 755, 757, 759, 761, 794, 795, 803, 828, 906, 907, 980, 981, 984, 1004, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1180, 1194, 1198, 1219, 1223, 1284, 1399, 1476, 1486, 1494, 1498, 1502, 1510, 1518, 1538, 1539, 1554, 1562, 1564, 1584, 1592, 1593, 1594, 1608, 1616, 1653, 1654, 1697, 1700, 1705, 1712, 1713, 1770, 1793, 1794, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1814, 1838, 1865, 1873, 1874, 1876, 1881, 1896, 1905, 1907, 1913, 1926, 1941, 1968, 1976, 1995, 1999, 2006, 2007, 2012, 2017, 2021, 2036, 2040, 2049, 2051

tù H (= 兔)

doq, ‘rabbit’ 7, 461, 1897, 1901

tuī 推

dawz, ‘to take’ 1823

tuì 退

doiq, ‘to retreat’ 1578, 1579, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1583, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1587, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1591, 1596, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1645, 1646, 1647

tuō 脱

duet, ‘to take off’ 810, 814

tuō 托

caek, ‘to leap’ 1523, 1527

caet, ‘to pierce’ 1524

do, ‘to collect in container or with cupped hands’ 1232

dox, ‘mutually’ 4, 4, 34, 38, 42, 46, 50, 54, 66, 67, 70, 151, 207, 211, 215, 368, 772, 792, 808, 810, 814, 900, 932, 994, 998, 1020, 1036, 1091, 1092, 1095, 1116, 1192, 1250, 1254, 1298, 1302, 1306, 1310, 1314, 1318, 1570, 1571, 1574, 1575, 1600, 1611, 1615, 1624, 1641, 1642, 1643, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1661, 1662, 1663, 1665, 1666, 1667, 1669, 1670, 1671, 1673, 1674, 1675, 1677, 1678, 1679, 1681, 1682, 1683, 1685, 1686, 1689, 1690, 1691, 1852, 2017, 2021, 2036

dox, as in doxgaiq ‘thing’ 479

doq, ‘then; immediately’ 672, 1428, 1436, 1452, 1854, 1996

doek, ‘to fall, drop’ 1523n

doek, ‘to pierce, poke’ 1524n

挖

vat, as in Loegvat 1163

wā $ (= 挖)

vat, ‘to dig up’ 32

wǎ 瓦

ngvax, as in ngvaxleih ‘wickerwork enclosure’ 1513, 1561, 1565

wà 袜

mad, ‘socks’ 634, 635, 637, 639, 640

wài 外

rog, ‘ouside’ 419, 675, 679, 683, 687, 768, 809, 813, 817, 1215, 1356, 1883, 2003, 2008

wǎn 晚

haemh, ‘evening’ 442, 833, 837, 1337, 1341, 1345, 1349, 2057, 2061

wǎn T (= 晚)

haemh, ‘evening’ 420

wàn 万

fanh, ‘ten thousand’ 1130, 1490, 1492, 1530, 1534, 1753, 1757, 1761, 1765, 1769, 1773, 1777, 1781

manz, ‘ferocious’ 421, 451, 455

manz, ‘the Man people’ 1167, 1169, 1173, 1177, 1181

van, ‘sweet’ 676, 680, 1982

wáng 王

vuengz, ‘king’ 191, 192, 195, 196, 224

vuengz, ‘emperor’ 444, 1152

wáng 亡

mbangq, ‘flying squirrel’ 375

wàng 忘

lumz, ‘to forget; forget about, put aside’ 975, 975, 984, 1849, 1854, 1861

rim, ‘full’ 1868

wàng 枉

vang, ‘athwart’ 1828

wéi 围

humx, ‘to enclose’ 434, 438

wěi 尾

rieng, ‘pannicle’ 379, 411, 922, 923, 926

wèi 位

ngveih, ‘kernel’ 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15

wēn 瘟

oen, ‘thorn’ 434, 438, 628, 643, 652, 1319, 1626, 1627, 1630, 1828

wén 温

unq, ‘soft’ 966

wén 文

faenz, ‘document’ 122, 123, 126, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 138, 139, 142, 143, 146, 147, 150, 151, 154, 155, 158, 159, 162, 165, 169, 206, 207, 210, 211, 214, 215, 1329, 1333

vunz, ‘people’ 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233, 237, 241, 245, 249, 253, 257, 335, 428, 445, 580, 582, 584, 1082, 1083, 1089, 1113, 1117, 1339, 1388, 1417, 1418, 1419, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1475, 1479, 1481, 1482, 1485, 1490, 1493, 1497, 1501, 1509, 1517, 1534, 1591, 1593, 1594, 1597, 1598, 1609, 1610, 1613, 1614, 1830, 1834, 1842, 2034

wěn 稳

onj, ‘stable’ 790

wěn 吻

fwd, 1st syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. fwdfeiz (everywhere) 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233, 237, 241, 245, 249, 253, 257

wěn 2 (= 吻)

fwd, 1st syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. fwdfeiz (everywhere) 209

wèn 问

fwn, ‘rain’ 723, 945, 949, 1046, 1070, 1468

wen, ‘to hope to’ 963, 967

wū 雾

mok, ‘mist’ 1569, 1573

wǔ 五

haj, ‘five’ 826, 827, 830, 831, 1025, 1130, 1134

hoz, ‘neck’ 922, 926

ngox, ‘reed’ 26, 27

wù 物

fok, ‘dirt’ 1125

wù 勿

fouz, ‘without’ 1384

wù 务

mok, ‘mist’ 1467, 1471, 1561, 1565

mou, ‘pig’ 424, 850, 854, 1563, 1633, 1637, 1672

xī 希

heiz, ‘muddy’ 1248

xī 西

sae, ‘purslane’ 962, 966

xí > (= 槢)

daeb, ‘Flemingia’ 60

xì 细

saez, 2nd syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. sizsaez (without stopping) 935

saeq, ‘chieftain’ 261, 403, 407, 777, 785, 789, 878, 900, 1058, 1404, 1408, 1577, 1579, 1581, 1585, 1589, 1601, 1605

sei, ‘to search out’ 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30

xiá 峽

gaeb, ‘narrow’ 985, 993, 997

xià 下

laj, ‘below’ 66, 67, 150, 154, 158, 171, 219, 223, 243, 444, 579, 582, 583, 584, 586, 590, 591, 647, 691, 695, 738, 746, 754, 801, 805, 884, 1303, 1348, 1491, 1496, 1506, 1516, 1524, 1529, 1535, 1537, 1541, 1571, 1575, 1606, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1621, 1623, 1625, 1629, 1634, 1638, 1739, 1743, 1771, 1775, 1836, 1889, 1890, 1911, 1946, 1950, 2012

yah, ‘below’ 796, 2076

xiān 先

senq, ‘before’ 778, 779, 1814

sien, as in sienfung ‘vanguard’ 1343

xiǎn 显

henj, ‘yellow’ 384, 1543

xiàn 县

yienh, ‘county’ 186

xiàn 现

goemq, ‘to cover over’ 1298, 1299, 1302, 1303, 1307, 1318

ienq, ‘to be wronged’ 1212

xiàn 現

goemq, ‘to cover over’ 1306

xiàn 献

ienq, ‘to sacrifice’ 468

xiāng 相

cengq, ‘trifoliate orange’ 1222

xiāng 乡

yieng, as in Yiengfuj, place-name 547, 551, 594, 1667, 1671

xiāng 香

yieng, ‘incense’ 825, 826, 827, 828, 829, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 837, 838

xiǎng 想

siengj, ‘pretty’ 116, 120

siengj, ‘to think’ 740, 799

xiāo 肖

siu, ‘saltpetre’ 1323, 1327, 1330, 1332, 1334, 1336, 1457, 1461, 1548

xiāo 消

siu, ‘saltpetre’ 620

xiǎo 小

ciuq, ‘to look after’ 1804

iq, ‘little’ 1522

xiào 笑

riu, ‘to laugh’ 1948

xiě 写

sij, ‘to write’ 175

xiè 谢

seq, ‘smartweed’ 394, 396, 398

xīn 欣

raen, ‘to see’ 7, 128, 679, 707

xīn 心

sim, ‘heart’ 659, 663, 740, 820, 824, 944, 968, 980, 988, 992, 1144, 1850, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2035

xīn 芯

nim, ‘Rhodomyrtus’ 467, 471

xīn 辛

sin, ‘bitter’ 1809, 1825, 1833, 1837, 1841

xín 枔

gaem, ‘to hold’ 1458

xīng 星

saemh, ‘to tread warily’ 674, 682, 686, 690, 694, 698, 702, 706, 710, 714, 718, 1044

sing, ‘to contend (over sthg)’ 34, 38, 42, 46, 50, 54, 1254

singz, ‘the whole’ 1250, 1300, 1732, 1819

xíng 行

haenz, ‘dyke, field margin; side, edge’ 1953, 1955, 1979

henz, ‘side, edge; nearby’ 707, 1779, 1783, 2001, 2007

hengz, as in hengzgeuj ‘puttees’ 650, 651, 653, 656, 658, 662

xìng 兴

hingq, ‘prosperous’ 1170, 1174

xiōng 凶

hongh, ‘courtyard’ 1038, 1054, 1062

hung, ‘big’ 1377, 1381, 1387, 1391, 1396

xiōng U (= 凶)

hung, ‘big’ 433, 437, 449, 453

xū 圩

haw, ‘market’ 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 190, 194, 198, 202, 218, 222, 226, 230, 234, 238, 242, 246, 250, 254, 539, 543, 1562, 1566, 1675, 1679, 1791

xǔ 许

hawj, ‘to give’ 8, 36, 44, 52, 572, 572, 606, 660, 665, 666, 812, 812, 836, 839, 856, 1263, 1264, 1364, 1368, 1428, 1464, 1588, 1608, 1635, 1639, 1804, 1834, 1842, 1924, 2020

xué 学

hak, ‘official’ 1028

xué G (= 学)

hak, ‘official’ 191, 195, 199, 203, 220, 259, 775, 1162, 1166, 1260, 1264, 1794

xuè 血

lwed, ‘blood’ 890, 891, 894, 895, 1483

xún 旬

coenz, ‘phrase’ 577, 577, 579, 579, 583, 583, 670, 671, 676, 680, 684, 688, 692, 696, 700, 704, 708, 712, 716, 720, 731, 735, 735, 763, 1954, 1956, 1958

yā 鸭

bit, ‘duck’ 1179, 1183, 1840

yā ' (= 丫)

a, ‘crow; buzzard’ 346, 350, 354, 358, 370, 374

ngamz, ‘fork (of tree)’ 2015

yā 押

gyaep, ‘to pursue’ 775

yā 呀

nyaz, ‘tooth’ 1234

yá 牙

ngah, ‘to be without’ 664, 1559, 1928

ngamz, ‘fork (of tree)’ 2011

ngamq, ‘just’ 5n

nya, ‘just’ 5, 6

nya, ‘thicket’ 1619, 1625, 1629

nyaz, ‘tooth’ 1238

nyah, ‘angry’ 672

yá 芽

ap, onom. 2066, 2078

nya, ‘grass, weeds’ 466, 470, 1407

nya, ‘tangled’ 1316

yá j (= 厓、崖)

yai, ‘glimmer’ 1353, 1357, 1385, 1393

yān 烟

ien, ‘tobacco’ 819, 823

yāng 央

angq, ‘elated’ 1800

yangj, ‘sword, sabre’ 1470

yáng 羊

caengz, ‘not yet’ 622

nyaengz, ‘still, yet’ 1893

yáng 洋

nyaengz, ‘still, yet’ 1965

nyangz, ‘corner’ 614

nyangz, ‘to encounter’ 1754, 1756, 1758, 1760, 1786, 1788, 1790, 1792

yǎng 养

yangj, ‘sabre, sword’ 403, 407, 603

yàng 样

yiengh, ‘likeness’ 772, 2020

yáo 夭

yiuz, ‘Yao people’ 1328, 1331, 1335

yiuq, ‘to look out’ 978, 979, 991, 1002, 1180, 1627, 1649, 1650, 1900, 1911, 2020

yáo 仸

yiuz, ‘Yao people’ 1324

yáo i (= 堯)

yauz, ‘handful, a grab’ 1308, 1312

yǎo 杳

cat, ‘brush’ 1234

yǎo 咬

geuq, ‘narrow mountain pass, col’ 1400

yě 也

nyeq, ‘meat’ 1664, 1672, 1680

ye, reduplicated mim.suff. yeye ‘here and there, all over’ 395, 399

yè 叶

mbaw, ‘leaf’ 108, 251, 251, 252, 255, 255, 256

yè 业

-ned, 2nd syllable in disyllabic mim.suff. nixned (staggering) 1146, 1150

yè 夜

hwnz, ‘night’ 1044, 1732

yī 一

it, ‘one’ 130, 131, 134, 135, 270, 272, 825, 829, 2010, 2011

yī 衣

iq, ‘little’ 1526

yí 宜

ndei, ‘good’ 658, 662, 671, 708, 1140, 1811, 1815, 1948

yǐ 乙

iet, ‘to stretch out’ 1096

yiet, ‘to lie down, rest’ 1960

yǐ 以

heiz, ‘body sweat’ 1545, 1549

yǐ 蚁

moed, ‘ant’ 1106, 1110, 1113, 1114, 1117, 1118

yì 乂

singz, ‘city wall’ 427, 1260, 1261, 1264, 1287, 1362, 1366, 1416, 1590, 1659, 1663

yì 义

ngeix, ‘to think of’ 766, 794

nyi, ‘to hear’ 1202, 1390, 1398

yiuh, ‘eagle’ 1626, 1630

yì 意

eiq, ‘intention’ 72

eiq, ‘armpit’ 1524

yīn 音

yaem, as in Guenhyaem 835

yín 寅

yinz, 3rd earthly branch 781

yín 银

cienz, ‘money’ 1563

ngaenz, ‘silver’ 80, 88, 409, 413, 836, 1039, 1428, 1436, 1444, 1452, 1603, 1704

yín 銀

ngaenz, ‘silver’ 183

yìn 印

im, ‘to hire’ 428, 1082, 1083

wnq, ‘other’ 740, 756, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000

yaenq, ‘official seal’ 1582, 1602, 1606

yīng 英

ing, ‘to lean on’ 2, 6, 1258, 1262

ing, as in Lungzing 2083

yǐng 影

ingj, ‘to pick’ 1356, 1360

yōu 优

you, ‘to worry; worried’ 1992

yōu 忧

you, ‘to worry; worried’ 575, 581, 960, 1559, 1569, 1573, 1988

youh, ‘also’ 474, 475, 1322, 1326

yǒu 友

youx, ‘lover’ 7, 8, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 68, 76, 84, 88, 164, 183, 188, 446, 496, 562, 570, 574, 598, 606, 608, 610, 618, 621, 626, 630, 632, 634, 637, 642, 645, 648, 650, 653, 659, 674, 675, 678, 679, 682, 683, 686, 687, 690, 691, 694, 695, 698, 699, 702, 703, 706, 707, 710, 711, 714, 715, 718, 719, 762, 763, 765, 766, 774, 820, 836, 840, 858, 892, 944, 963, 979, 988, 992, 1060, 1124, 1128, 1144, 1156, 1160, 1184, 1188, 1196, 1200, 1204, 1208, 1276, 1284, 1292, 1426, 1430, 1434, 1438, 1440, 1442, 1446, 1448, 1450, 1454, 1456, 1486, 1494, 1498, 1502, 1510, 1518, 1532, 1536, 1559, 1580, 1584, 1588, 1592, 1608, 1616, 1644, 1648, 1651, 1652, 1656, 1657, 1665, 1673, 1681, 1689, 1696, 1698, 1736, 1744, 1756, 1760, 1764, 1772, 1776, 1780, 1796, 1812, 1876, 1879, 1882, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1891, 1897, 1901, 1903, 1906, 1908, 1914, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1930, 1934, 1938, 1967, 1994, 1996, 2021, 2044, 2051, 2052, 2056, 2060

yòu 又

youx, ‘lover’ 168, 1432

youq, ‘to stay; be at; how’ 156, 204, 212, 240, 280, 288, 296, 304, 312, 320, 328, 336, 344, 352, 368, 376, 392, 400, 408, 412, 416, 436, 452, 476, 574, 600, 629, 631, 646, 666, 675, 679, 687, 699, 715, 744, 875, 880, 883, 887, 928, 981, 1148, 1187, 1193, 1197, 1201, 1203, 1205, 1207, 1215, 1257, 1261, 1265, 1269, 1288, 1296, 1402, 1404, 1406, 1408, 1410, 1412, 1414, 1416, 1556, 1617, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1623, 1625, 1626, 1629, 1630, 1651, 1655, 1688, 1702, 1718, 1832, 1875, 1883, 1891, 1892, 1895, 1897, 1899, 1901, 1961, 1963, 1969, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2004

youh, ‘again, then’ 644

yòu 右

gvaz, ‘right-hand’ 811, 1646

yǔ 与

ndaej, ‘get’ 13, 14

ndij, ‘to accompany; with’ 703, 719, 994, 998, 1018, 1020, 1035, 1036, 1092, 1096, 1120, 1144, 1195

yǔ X (= 与)

ndij, ‘to accompany; with’ 1116

yù 玉

nyug, ‘jade’, as in Nyugdaeq ‘Jade Emperor’ 2080

yuán 元

maenz, ‘dollar’ 1219, 1223, 1224, 1563, 1567, 1692, 1695

yienz, ‘lead (Pb)’ as in yienzmax ‘bullet’ 1026, 1027

yienz, ‘pellet’ as in yienzmax ‘bullet’ 1026, 1027

yienz, ‘to burn’ 2043, 2047

yuǎn 远

gyae, ‘distant’ 23, 27, 31, 755, 943

yuè 月

ndwen, ‘month’ 585, 585, 589, 589, 780, 868

nyied, ‘month’ 802, 806

yied, ‘the more’ 871, 871, 943, 943

yún 云

fwj, ‘cloud’ 160, 274, 278, 282, 286, 290, 294

zā 迊

nyinz, ‘chickweed’ 1660

zá 咱

raeuz, ‘we’ incl. 311

zài 再

caiq, ‘again’ 647, 727, 762, 766, 891, 995, 1137, 1267, 1271, 1359, 1703, 1711, 1915

zài 在

sai, ‘male’ 1386, 1389, 1394

zǎo 早

haet, ‘early morning’ 420, 441, 834, 838, 1338, 1342, 1346, 1350, 1353, 1357, 1385, 1392, 1393, 1397, 2058, 2062

romh, ‘early’ 1338, 1342, 1353, 1385, 1388, 1392, 1393, 1397

zào 灶

cauq, ‘pan’ 84, 1088, 1919

zào 造

cau, ‘to conduct exercises’ 1119

caux, ‘to make’ 752

cauh, ‘to row’ 1076

zé 则

caek, ‘swamp’ 1818

zéi 贼

caeg, ‘brigand’ 258, 417, 420, 420, 421, 425, 429, 433, 435, 437, 439, 442, 449, 451, 453, 455, 495, 561, 569, 573, 593, 597, 601, 605, 609, 617, 625, 633, 641, 649, 673, 677, 681, 685, 689, 693, 697, 701, 705, 709, 713, 717, 721, 778, 798, 801, 886, 1081, 1084, 1403, 1407, 1411, 1415, 1521, 1525, 1528, 1657, 1658, 1661, 1662, 1665, 1666, 1669, 1670, 1673, 1674, 1677, 1678, 1681, 1682, 1685, 1686, 1689, 1690, 1697, 1701, 1704, 1705, 1708, 1709, 1713, 1716, 1717, 1809, 1813, 1817, 1821, 1825, 1829, 1833, 1837, 1841, 1845, 1945, 1946, 2034, 2081

zéi 賊

caeg, ‘brigand’ title

zhā 扎

caj, ‘to wait’ 562, 564, 565, 567

zhà 柵

cab, ‘sluice-gate’ 2067, 2071, 2073, 2075

zhàn 占

cienq, ‘to turn around’ 1533, 1535, 1537, 1541

zhàn 战

cienq, ‘to turn around’ 1489, 1491, 1529

zhàng 丈

ciengq, ‘to sing’ 888, 1052, 1100, 1185, 1189, 1268

zhào 召

ciu, ‘to call to, call together’ 956

ciuh, ‘generation’ 268, 272, 1419, 1420, 2088

zhào * (= 照)

cauh, ‘to make’ 574

zhé 折

euj, ‘to break off’ 40, 48, 56

raek, ‘to break’ 59, 1024

zhè 这

caiq, ‘again’ 243, 851, 855, 999

ce, ‘to leave behind’ 860, 876, 1010, 1059, 1060, 1793, 1794, 1797, 1798, 1801, 1802, 1805, 1806, 1867, 1984, 2000, 2043, 2047, 2088

zhēn 真

caen, ‘really’ 1644, 1796

zhēn 针

cim, ‘needle’ 623

cim, ‘to see’ 1164, 1168, 2011

zhèng 正

cieng, ‘first month’ 568, 568, 801, 805, 1917, 1918

cing, ‘really’ 1573, 1596, 1817, 1821

cingq, ‘just, right’ 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 60, 224, 244, 448, 476, 652, 658, 782, 844, 848, 852, 1067, 1136, 1148, 1327, 1328, 1488, 1496, 1500, 1504, 1508, 1600, 1636, 1698, 1700, 1706, 1708, 1710, 1714, 1716, 1720, 1731, 1755, 1776, 1782, 1948, 1956, 2038

zhī 之

cix, ‘then’ 57, 445, 769, 1493, 1497, 1501, 1509, 1517, 1627, 1631, 1758, 1893, 1902, 1908, 2045, 2046

zhī 枝

ngez, ‘shoot, sprout; small branch (of tree)’ 2011, 2015

zhí 执

caep, ‘to lay (bricks or stones), build’ 418, 419, 422, 423, 428, 430, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264

caep, ‘to grasp, grip; hold steady’ 842, 843, 846, 847, 1022

caep, ‘to tidy up, prepare, organise’ 562, 570, 898, 899, 901, 902, 903, 1330

zhǐ 只

aen, clf. for things 96, 112, 116, 120, 298, 302, 306, 310, 314, 322, 326, 330, 334, 338, 342, 380, 431, 432, 607, 793, 797, 1228, 1299, 1303, 1723, 1879, 1931

aen, as in Dien’aen 1691

zhōng 中

cungq, ‘middle’ as in cungqgyang ‘middle’ 167, 1759

cungq, ‘gun’ 1115, 1119

zhōng 钟

gyong, ‘drum’ 2061

zhōng 盅

cung, ‘wineglass’ 1939

zhòng 众

cungq, ‘gun’ 620

gyoengq, ‘crowd’ 335, 343, 440, 456, 1593, 1594, 1597, 1598, 1609, 1610, 1613, 1614

zhòng 种

ndaem, ‘to plant’ 1439

zhòng 重

naek, ‘heavy’ 4

zhōu 周

cou, as in Couloeg 1034

zhū 朱

cawq, ‘predestined’ 4

zhǔ 主

cawj, ‘to boil’ 1226, 1230

cawx, ‘to buy’ 91, 95, 99, 103, 107, 111, 115, 119, 1694

cawq, ‘place’ 640

zhuàng 壮

cengj, ‘to hold firm’ 760, 804, 1008

zhǔn 准

cinj, ‘to authenticate’ 577, 579

zǐ 子

cawq, ‘place, side’ 1866, 1867, 1870

zì 字

saw, ‘writing’ 122, 123, 126, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 138, 139, 142, 143, 146, 147, 150, 151, 154, 155, 158, 159, 162, 165, 169, 206, 207, 210, 211, 214, 215, 1002, 1329, 1333

zú 足

gut, ‘roundabout, indirect’ 716, 720

zǔ 祖

coj, ‘definitely’ 663

coj, ‘ancestor’ 1639

zuì 罪

coih, ‘crime’ 788

zuì 最

cae, ‘plough’ 870, 1022

zuó 昨

cog, ‘tomorrow’ 1019

zuó 0 (= 昨)

cog, ‘tomorrow’ 1500, 1596

zuǒ 左

caj, ‘thornbush’ 30, 31, 1319, 1828

caj, ‘to wait’ 760, 1028, 1584, 1592, 1600, 1633, 1887, 1888, 1895, 1999, 2006, 2044

coj, ‘definitely’ 1856

swix, ‘left’ 811, 1641, 1645

zuò 做

guh, ‘to make, do’ 450, 454, 658, 662, 798, 798, 1403, 1407, 1411, 1415, 1525, 1528, 1809, 1813, 1817, 1821, 1825, 1829, 1833, 1837, 1841, 1845, 1847

zuò 作

coeg, ‘to tap’ 1083

zuò " (= 作)

cag, ‘rope’ 1236

cak, as in ciencak ‘to pace back and forth’ 1618, 1622

cieg, ‘wild banana’ 1482

Index of Vernacular Characters and Allographs

Arranged by number of brushstrokes. Listed also in the main section of the Character Index under pronunciation.

2 strokes

' (= yā 丫)

| (= shēn 身)

4 strokes

Z (= kāi 开)

I (= piàn 片)

% (= bái 白)

{ (= fēng 风)

z (= shǎo 少)

< (= lè 氻)

5 strokes

® (= ròu 肉)

, (= shōu 收)

` (= chū 出)

¡ (= dào 到)

M (= fēi 非)

¤ (= suǒ 所)

¥ (= huā 花)

X (= yǔ 与)

6 strokes

/ (= qí 其)

圹 (= táng 塘)

+ (= shì 事)

7 (= huá 华)

U (= xiōng 凶)

k (= bìng 并)

G (= xué 学)

L (= chū 初)

! (= guān 官)

« (= jiā 家)

D (= dā/xiá 笚)

q (= jí 笈)

7 strokes

V (= nòng 弄)

1 (= guà 卦)

8 (= gòng 共)

芶 (= gōu 苟)

> (= xí 槢)

亊 (= shì 事)

H (= tù 兔)

" (= zuò 作)

& (= shā 沙)

8 strokes

u (= què 却)

$ (= wā 挖)

2 (= wěn 吻)

O (= shì 是)

6 (= luàn 乱)

E (= sǎn 傘)

Q (= lìn 焛)

畄 (= liú 留)

9 strokes

T (= wǎn 晚)

0 (= zuó 昨)

d (= duàn 断)

r (= táng 糖)

¬ (= néng 能)

) (= néng 能)

10 strokes

i (= yáo 堯)

j (= yá 厓、崖)

祘 (= suàn 算)

l (= lùn 論)

# (= néng 能)

12 strokes

N (= jiǎ 徦)

13 strokes

* (= zhào 照)

觧 (= jiě 解)

14 strokes

- (= dōu 蔸)

: (= mán !)

J (= suàn 算)

; (= mǎn 滿)

15 strokes

. (= qiāo 橾)

16 strokes

9 (= mán 瞞)

Index of Zhuang Characters and Other Symbols

Zhuang characters arranged by number of brushstrokes. Other symbols (Arabic numerals and Latin letters) have been placed at the end.

2 strokes

}

goemq, ‘benighted’ 1463

3 strokes

亽

aeq, ‘stupid’ 1461

gvan, ‘husband’ 2004

4 strokes

bangx, ‘bank’ 278

mbungq, ‘butterfly’ 1097, 1101, 1105, 1109

mbiengj, ‘side’ 1624

5 strokes

[

riuj, ‘pick up’ 819, 823

gya, ‘family’ 760

ranz, ‘house’ 418, 422, 450, 454, 562, 564, 570, 574, 595, 599, 725, 748, 752, 760, 775, 791, 860, 875, 883, 887, 924, 928, 981, 1006, 1010, 1142, 1164, 1170, 1174, 1216, 1330, 1330, 1503, 1552, 1554, 1556, 1558, 1643, 1647, 1652, 1656, 1696, 1702, 1718, 1795, 1799, 1803, 1807, 1866, 1870, 1871, 1874, 1875, 1878, 1880, 1884, 1888, 1891, 1895, 1897, 1899, 1901, 1945, 1946, 1949, 1950, 1968, 1976, 1983, 2006, 2048, 2056, 2068, 2072

lwg, ‘child’ 347, 351, 355, 359, 460, 464, 480, 481, 482, 489, 490, 497, 498, 505, 506, 513, 514, 521, 522, 525, 526, 529, 530, 533, 534, 537, 538, 541, 542, 545, 546, 549, 550, 553, 554, 557, 558, 571, 612, 620, 669, 722, 726, 730, 734, 788, 849, 853, 867, 869, 872, 873, 876, 877, 879, 880, 881, 884, 885, 888, 1213, 1214, 1307, 1311, 1386, 1389, 1394, 1468, 1472, 1564, 1568, 1572, 1576, 1607, 1868, 1871, 1957, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997

laeg, ‘darling’ 624

6 strokes

reux, ‘kapok’ 9, 13, 661, 2059

cam, ‘ask’ 610, 618, 621, 626, 634, 637, 642, 645, 650, 653

gwn, ‘eat’ 35, 39, 43, 47, 51, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 65, 68, 69, 72, 75, 79, 83, 87, 431, 432, 443, 447, 804, 808, 890, 891, 894, 895, 947, 951, 954, 958, 959, 978, 1035, 1043, 1084, 1232, 1274, 1278, 1280, 1282, 1286, 1290, 1294, 1297, 1301, 1305, 1309, 1313, 1317, 1321, 1325, 1346, 1347, 1350, 1351, 1354, 1356, 1358, 1360, 1360, 1364, 1368, 1388, 1392, 1487, 1495, 1511, 1564, 1568, 1635, 1639, 1660, 1664, 1668, 1672, 1676, 1680, 1724, 1727, 1728, 1731, 1740, 1748, 1752, 1752, 1811, 1815, 1816, 1823, 1839, 1840, 1846, 1907, 1922, 1923, 1926, 1935, 1936, 1939, 1940, 1943

nyi, ‘hear’ 1191

daengz, ‘arrive’ 71, 121, 125, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 153, 154, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 165, 167, 169, 171, 173, 174, 177, 178, 181, 182, 185, 186, 483, 491, 499, 507, 515, 523, 527, 531, 535, 539, 543, 547, 551, 555, 559, 595, 599, 762, 766, 775, 791, 794, 799, 889, 893, 977, 982, 983, 1019, 1034, 1067, 1081, 1091, 1095, 1123, 1127, 1131, 1135, 1136, 1148, 1151, 1152, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1165, 1166, 1167, 1169, 1170, 1171, 1173, 1174, 1175, 1177, 1178, 1181, 1182, 1206, 1329, 1333, 1503, 1524, 1611, 1615, 1618, 1659, 1663, 1667, 1671, 1675, 1679, 1683, 1687, 1691, 1795, 1799, 1803, 1807, 1865, 1869, 1873, 1877, 1881, 1885, 2035, 2056, 2076, 2080, 2081, 2082, 2083, 2084, 2085, 2086, 2087

daengx, ‘all’ 1388

yah, ‘grandmother’ 232, 355, 359, 363, 367, 1536, 1845, 1847, 1980, 1983, 2016, 2020

7 strokes

gamj, ‘cave’ 1273, 1293, 1294

hamj, ‘cross over’ 991, 1416, 1894

ngamz, ‘hollow’ 1286

杣

camz, ‘indigo’ 1443, 1447

canz, ‘drying platform’ 1883

fonx, ‘ashen’ 911

lueg, ‘valley’ 1163, 1222, 1348, 1496, 1836

noeg, ‘handle’ 870, 1022

呍

gwn, ‘eat’ 1927

caemh, ‘together’ 64, 773, 1191, 1874

8 strokes

romj, ‘indigo’ 910, 1251, 1255, 1538

(

dawz, ‘to grasp, hold’ 420

cungq, ‘gun, cannon’ 1107, 1336, 1344, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1386, 1387, 1390, 1391, 1394, 1396, 1398, 1400, 1458, 1462, 1465, 1466, 1469, 1491, 1504, 1508, 1514, 1529, 1533, 1535, 1537, 1541, 1548, 1570, 1574, 1602, 1603, 1606, 1607, 1746, 1747, 1750, 1751

vaiz, ‘water buffalo’ 1567

cwd, ‘insipid’ 1942

eng, ‘little’ 1868, 1871

mok, ‘mist’ 1040, 1048, 1056, 1064, 1072

lan, ‘grandchild’ 166, 170, 722, 726, 730, 734

meh, ‘mother’ 347, 577, 724, 732, 849, 867, 873, 875, 877, 881, 1964, 1968, 1972

9 strokes

畓

dumh, ‘strawberry’ 18, 19, 22, 23

dumh, ‘to flood’ 18n

dumz, ‘wet’ 946, 950

sau, ‘girl’ 1307, 1311, 1972, 1976

10 strokes

ap, onom. 2070, 2074

gamj, ‘cave’ 1153, 1157, 1277, 1281, 1285, 1289

ngamz, ‘hollow’ 1274, 1278, 1282, 1290

haemh, ‘evening’ 420

cae, ‘plough’ 732

reih, ‘dry field’ 1014, 1030, 1850

mieng, ‘ditch’ 415

11 strokes

𠔏

naenz, ‘louse’ 1267

mieng, ‘water channel’ 1155

12 strokes

rwed, ‘bedbug’ 1266, 1267, 1270, 1271

haeux, ‘rice’ 57, 61, 65, 69, 346, 1362, 1363, 1724

mbwk, ‘female’ 1985, 1987, 1993

13 strokes

[

ndang, ‘body’ 946, 1545

mbangq, ‘flying squirrel’ 371

15 strokes

haiz, ‘shoes’ 99, 103, 2012

17 strokes

maet, ‘flea’ 1269

Other symbols

lingz, ‘naught, zero’ 1492

it, ‘one’ 484

song, ‘two’ 139, 144, 209, 492

ngeih, ‘two’ 1003

sam, ‘three’ 142, 143, 146, 147, 668, 727, 2055

seiq, ‘four’ 668, 727, 780, 1530

haj, ‘five’ 516, 1492, 1530

hauj, ‘good’ 1553, 1555

haj, ‘fat’ 1945

roek, ‘six’ 524, 528

caet, ‘seven’ 536

bet, ‘eight’ 540, 544, 1492

gouj, ‘nine’ 548, 552

gouj, ‘a long time’ 1553

boh, ‘father’ 228, 577, 728, 736, 787, 824, 853, 869, 915, 919, 1011, 1219, 1223

geq, ‘old’ 299, 303, 311, 315, 335, 339, 343, 1308

geq, ‘count’ 2010, 2014

em, ‘thatch-grass’ 954, 95

English-Zhuang Index

abdomen dungx

able to maenz, naengz, ndaej

about to cingq, yaek

above baihgwnz, gwnz

accident saeh

to accompany banh, ndij

to accomplish, be successful baenz

accustomed to gvenq

to act as guh

actually lej

acute illness maz

to add dem

in addition lij

to adhere to dawz

to afford hwnj

afraid lau, lauheiq

after all lej, laklej

afterwards doeklaeng, laeng, liux

again caiq, dauq, dem, youh

alike doengz

alive seng

all baenz, caez, daengx, doq, doengj, singz

all along lej, laklej

all night long singzhwnz

all over doh, yeye

to allocate baen

to allow hawj

almanac lig, sawlig

along with lienz

already dauq, senq

alright baenz

also caemh, goj, hix, youh

altogether nauq

always youq

amusing feih, ndeifeih

ancestor coj

ancestral spirits laux

and caeuq, caiq, dauq, doengz, hix, lienz

angry nya, nyah

angry, make gaznyah

announcement gvangjgau

another wnq

ant moed

any lawz, maz, saek

anywhere gizlawz

appearance yiengh

appropriate dwg, gvaet

area ceh

arm gen

armpit eiq

armpit sweat nyid

army gun

army man bouxgun

around baih

to arrive daengz

artemisia faexngaih, ngaih

artisan cangh

to ascend hwnj

ashen fonx

ashes daeuh

to ask cam

to assemble gyonj

athwart (to place athwart) vang, vengh

to attack caeg, hoenx

to attend to goq

to attract lox

attractive gvai

auspicious ndei

to await haeuq

to authenticate cinj

baby lwg, lwgnding

back laeng, raeb

(to carry on the) back mej

bad vaih, yak

to badger maenj

bag daeh

balance caengh

balcony canz

bald luq

baleful boih

bamboo, sweet faiz

bamboo, white faexdeiz, gofaexdeiz

bamboo cage, small raep

bamboo container, large mbaengq

bamboo measure (for rice) mbaet

banana cieg, gyoij

bandit caeg

bank (of river) baih, bangx

banner geiz

banyan tree faexrungz, goreiz, reiz, rungz

barbarous manz

to bark (of dogs) raeuq

base of trunk goek

basket raep

battle ciengq

bayberry seq

to be dwg, guh

to be at (a place) youq

to be with ndij

to beat dwk, hoenx

beautiful ndei

to become baenz

bed mbonq

bedbug rwed

bedroom rug

before gonq, naj

beforehand gaxgonq, roih, senq

to beg gouz

behind gox, laeng, raeb

belly dungx

below baihlaj, laj, yah

belt dai

bench daengq

bend goz

beneficial leih

benighted goemq

to beseech gouz

beside henz

besotted maez

to bestow soengq

big daih, hung, laux, mbwk

bin mbaengq

to bind up geuj

to bite haeb

bitter haemz, hoj, sin, sinhoj

bitter cold fwz

black cing, laep, ndaem

blazing hot ndit

to blink yaep

blood lwed

to bloom (of flowers) hai

blue-green cing, heu

blurred moengx

boasting daihvah

boat ruz

bodhisattva baed

body ndang, saen

to boil cawj

bole goek

bone ndok

bone-grass hazndok

book saw

to be born doek

bottle bingz

bottom daej

boundary singj

bow gung

boy bouxsai, lwgmbauq, mbauq

bracelet goenh

branch (of tree) ngez

break of day romh

to break off duenh, giuj

breakfast ngaizromh

breath heiq

to brick up caep

bridge giuz

bridle loengz

bright rongh

bright light ndongq

to bring along daiq

broad guengj, gvangj, gvangq

to broadcast (seed) doek

broken vaih

broken (of rice) bin

broken off duenh

brother beix, beixgo, go

brothers and sisters beixnuengx

brush bit, cat

bubbling oj

Buddha baed

Buddha fish byacaz

to build (out of wood) doq

building laeuz

bullet lwglengz, yienzmax

to bully gyangz, maenj

to bump daemj

to bump into bungq, daemx, deng

bundle gaet, geu

to burn diemj, remj, ruemx, yienz

to burn (incense or candles) cang

to burn off ruemx

burnt meat byamz

to bury moek

butterfly mbaj, mbungqmbaj

button gaet

to buy cawx

buzzard a

byre riengh

to cajole maenj

cake bingj

to calculate geq, geiq, suenq

calculating geiq

calendar lig

to call (by name) heuh

to call out ciu, heuh

to call together ciu

campaign, go on caeg

candy diengz

cane, giant gombieng, mbieng

shoots of giant cane gombiengraeuz, mbiengraeuz

cannon cungqnengh

capable maenz

capital ging, gingsingz

capsicle nangx

carp (grass carp) byavanx

to carry raek, ram, rap

carry (betw 2 people) ram

carry (in the arms) umj

carry (on the back) mej, u

carry (on shoulder-pole) rap

carry (on the shoulders) gwed

to carry off beuj, daeh

carrying pole rap

carrying sling nda

to cast cuengq

cat meuz

to catch gyaep

to catch up with daemx, gyaep

catty gaen

cave gamj

cavern gamj

certainly lez

to change bienq, gaij

to change (clothes) rieg, vuenh

chaotic luenh

charcoal danq

charcoal lump gyoq

charge (to take) baenz

charred flesh or hair nengj

to chat gangjgoj

cheap cienh

to cheat lox, nyaeuh

to check off diemj

chen (earthly branch) saenz

to chew geuq, haeb

chicken gaeq

chickweed byaeknyinz, nyinz

chieftain bouxsaeq, saeq

child lwg, lwg’eng

oldest child lwggoek

youngest child lwnz

chill liengz

Chinese mile leix

chip meng

to choke genx, loq

to choose ingj, leh

to chop faeg, mbak

to chop down caek

chopsticks dawh

city gyangsingz, singz

city wall singz

to clap dajfwngz

clear heu

to clear away beuj

clever geiq, gvai

cliff dat

to close (door or gate) hup

cloth baengz

clothes buh

clothes-drying post donghneuz

clothing buh, cungz, doiq

cloud fwj

clump of grass byoz

coarse co

cockerel gaeqciengq, gaeqseng

cockspur thorn oencaj

cogongrass daij, haz, hazdaij

col geuq, ngamz

cold cengx, fwz, liengz, mon, nit

cold (of weather) mon

to collapse doemq, lak

to collect aeu, beuj, do

to comb roix

to come daeuj, ma

to come back ma

to come down roengz

to come out ok

to come together gap, ndij

in common caemh

to communicate doeng

companion doengz, doih, doihdoengz, hujgeiq

to compete sing

complete baenz, caez, doh, liux

completely caenh, liux

comrade (in arms) hujgeiq

to concern gven

to conduct caep

to conduct (ritual) caep, guh

to conflict with (astral influence) deng

confused gietcingz, maez

to connect lienz, swnj

connection gven

to consider ngeix

to consider as baenz, suenq

to construct dap, doq

to consult cam

to consume gwn

container (large bamboo) mbaengq

to contend sing

to continue dwk, swnj

contrary boih, fanj

to control dawz

convenient bienh

to converge gap

to convey daeh

cooked rice ngaiz

cooking pot bengz, cauq

cool (to wear) liengz

corn haeuxdaeq

corner cawq, nyangz

correct cingq, deng, doiq

corresponding doiq

cotton faiq, gofaiq

cotton sliver faiqleh, leh

cotton wadding faiqgung

to count geq, suenq

countenance yungz

country biengz

countryside mbanj

county yienh

courage danj

courage, great daihdanj

courtyard daihhongh, hongh

cover gyaep

to cover goemq

coverlet moeg

to crack (with the teeth) haeb

craftsman cangh

to crash down lak

to crawl banh

to create caux, cauh

crime coih

crimson hoengz

crockery pot bengz

to cross hamj

crosswise vang, vengh

crow a

to crow haen

crown mauh

crowd gyoengq

to cry daej

to cry out heuh

to cultivate geng

cup cung

cupboard ringj

to cushion demh

to cut gat, mbak

to cut (cloth or yarn) caiz

to cut off gek

dagger mid

daily ngoenz

damp dumz

dark laep

darling doengz, gvai, laeg, lwnz, raz, youx

darling bunny youxdoq

darling companion youxdoengz

darling lord youxgvang

darling lover youxlaeg, youxraz

darling wife yahdoengz, yahyoux

daughter lwgsau

dawn romh, yai

day ngoenz

daytime ngoenz

dazzled raiz

to deal with beuj

dear bengz

to decide dingh

to declare hauq

to decorate dap

deep laeg

deeper water vaengz

to deep-fry cauq

to defend dawz

definite dingh

definitely coj, dwg

to deliberate siengj

to deliver soengq

to depart daj

to deploy diuh

depressed linzlinz

derelict fwz

to descend roengz

to designate diemj

to despise caz

to determine dingh

to devour gwn

dew raiz

to die dai

difficult nanz

difficulty nanh

to dig out sei

to dig up vat

dinner caeuz

dinnertime bancaeuz

direct soh

direction fueng

dirt fok

dirty (of clothes) heiz

disaster nanh

dish (of food) byaek

dishevelled nya

disorder luenh

to disperse sanq

distant gyae, raz

distressed mbwq

district yienh

disused fwz

ditch daemz, daemzsingz, gumz, mieng

to divide baen

divination gvaq

to divine gvaq

to do gaz, guh

document faenz, faenzsaw, saw

dog ma

‘dollar’ maenz

domain biengz, lueg

don’t gaq, gaqlaeg, gaej, gaejlaeg, gag, laeg

door dou

doorway bakdou

dot diemj

to double up dab

down below laj

downpour fwnraq

downstream laj

to drag cauh, cing, daz, nengh

to drag through sa

dragon lungz

dragon-eye go’nganx, nganx

to draw in cing

to draw out daz

to dream loq

to drink gwn

drop diemj

to drop doek

to drop down riengh

drought rengx

drum gyong

dry rengx

dry land mboek

dry-field reih

drying platform canz

duck bit

duckweed biuz

dust faenx

dye (clothes) nyumx

dyke haenz, raiq

each dangq, gag

each other dox

eagle yiuh

eagle thorns oenyiuh

ear rwz

ear of grain rieng

early haet

early morning gyanghaet, haet, romh

earth deih, namh

east baihdoeng, doeng

easy ngaih

to eat gwn

eaves roq

edge bak, haenz, henz

effort rengz

eggs, to lay cuengq

eight bet

eighteen cibbet

eighty betcib

either … or … rox, vaek

elated angq

elder laux

elder brother beixgo, go

eldest daih

else (someone) wnq

Elsholtzia roux

Elsholtzia greens byaekroux

embankment henz

to embrace got, umj

to emerge ok

emotion cingz, heiq

emperor daeq, vuengzdaeq

empire dienyah

empty byouq, lezlez, ndwi

empty-handed byouq

to enclose humx

enclosure cab, ngvax

to encounter nyangz

to end sad

to engage (in combat) gyaux

to enjoin daengq, nai, saemh

enough cuk, doh, gaeuq

to enter haeuj

entire baenz, daengx, singz

entirely nauq

entrance bak

to entreat gouz

equal to daemx

to establish laeb

even caemh, lez

evening gyanghaemh, haemh

evening meal caeuz

event saeh

everlasting nauq

everywhere doh

evil yak

exact cingq

exactly cingq

excessive daiq, lai

to exchange vuenh

exhausted naet, naiq

expansive gvengq

to expect to wen

expensive bengz

to extend daemx

to extinguish (a fire) beuj

eye da

face mienh, naj

to face doiq

to fall doek

to fall over doemq

false gyaj

family gya, gyaranz, ranz

far gyae

far-off raz

fat haj

fate mingh

father boh

father and mother bohmeh

father-in-law boh, da, goeng

fault (to find) ndwi

to fear lau, lauheiq

feather bwn

feelings cingz

to fell doek

female mbwk, meh, mehmbwk

female child lwgsau

ferocious manz

ferry doh

fever maz

few gaq

field doengh, doenghnaz, reih

field margin haenz

fierce (of fires) mboengj

fifteen cibhaj

to fight hoenx

to fight a battle hoenxciengq

to fill rim

finally dauq

to finish duenx, giet, liux

finished liux

fire feiz

firearm cungq

firewood fwnz

firm maenh, ndaet

first gaxgonq, nduj, roih

first light romh, yai

first lunar month cieng

first ten days co

first wife raz

fish bya

fishpond daemz

fist, to hold in the gaem

fistful gaem

to fit together doq

to fit up dap

fitting, to be dwg

five haj

flag geiz

flake meng

to flare up yaek

to flash yaek

flat bingz

flat land doengh

flea maet

to flee deuz

Flemingia daeb

Flemingia wood faexdaeb

flesh noh

flood raemxrongz, rongz

to flood dumh

floss va

to flow lae, riuz

flower va

flowery va

fluffy nya

flying squirrel mbangq

to follow gaen, gaenriengz, ndij, riengz

foot din

footing, lose one’s byad

forever nauq

to forge rwij

to forget, forget about lumz

fork (of a tree) ngamz

former gaeuq

fort caih, ceh

forthwith doq

fortunate vuenyungz

fortune mingh

forward naj

four seiq

four quarters seiqcawq

fowl cage raep

frazzled nya

fresh seng

friend doengz

front gyaeuj, naj

in front gaxgonq

front teeth nyaz

fruit mak

fruit tree gomak

fruition (come to) baenz

frying pan cauq

full rim

fully nyoem

future cog, ngoenzcog

game (animal) noh

garment buh

gate dou

generation ciuh

genie cing

gentleman goeng

to get dawz, ndaej

to get heard ndaejnyi

to get stuck gaz

giant cane shoots gombiengraeuz, mbiengraeuz

girl lwgsau, sau

girls mehmbwk

to give baen, hawj

glen lueg

glimmer yai

glue nengj

to go bae

to go away byaij

to go below ndaem

to go down roengz

to go out ok

to go through doeng

to go up hwnj

god baed, laux, miuh

gold gim

golden gim

good ndei

good many haujlai

good-bye, to say biek

good-looking ndei

goose hanq

government office fouj

to grab gaem, riuj, vaz

grain gok

grandchild lan

grandmother yah

grasp gaem

to grasp caep, dawz, gaem, ruz, vax

grass nya, nywj

bone-grass hazndok

grass, long haz

grass, short nywj

grass carp byavanz, vanz

grease nengj

greatly daih

greedy dam

green cing, heu, loeg

green vegetable byaek

grey fonx

to grip caep

to grow hwnj

grown up mbwk

to guard dawz

to guard against re

guilt coih

gun cungq

gunfire (sound of) bizbaed

gust (of wind or rain) raq

to hack mbak

half gyang

half load gonz

hall ding

Han Chinese bouxgun, gun

hand fwngz

to hand back doiq

to hand over giuj

handful yauz

to handle baenz, caep

handle (of plough) noeg

to hang hoij

to happen baenz

happy angq, vuen, vuenyungz

hard geng, hoj, nanz, ndongj

hardship hoj, nanh, sinhoj

harrow ndai, rauq

hat mauh

to hate haenz

hateful haenz

to haul nengh

to have miz

to have not ndwi

he, she, they bouxde, de

head daeuz, gyaeuj

headman bouxdaeuz, daeuz, vuengz

heap gong

to hear dingq, ndaejnyi, nyi

heart sim

heat oq

heat bump sa

heaven dien, mbwn

heavy gyaj, naek

hedge of thorns dangj, rag

heel gaen, giuj

helmet mauh

hemp ndaij

herd (of horses) guengz

here baih, gizneix

to hide ndoj

high sang

higher up gwnz

highway daihloh

hill geng, lingq

to hire im

to hit daj, deng, dwk

to hold rux, umj

to hold firm cengj

to hold in place rux

to hold in the fist gaem

to hold steady caep

to hold up cengj, daemx, rux

hole gumz

hollow (adj) byouq, lezlez

hollow (n) ngamz, nyangz, rungh

home gya, gyaranz, laeng, ranz

at home gwnzranz

hoof daez

hook (part of loom) gaeu

to hope to wen

horizontal vang

horse max

hot mboengj, mwn, ndat, ndit

hot (of fires) mboengj

house gya, gyaranz, ranz

house-ladder lae

house-post dongh

household hoh

household management gyageiq

how? lawz, yienghlawz, youq

how many? geijlai

however dauq, gaq, goj, liux

to hug got

huge hung

human being vunz

hundred bak

hunger iek

hungry iek

to hurry ganj

husband boh, gvan, gvang

I hoiq

idle ndwi

if caj, dang

to ignite diemj

ill bingh

illness bingh

immediately doq, lienz

impediment naih

important naek

in gyang, ndaw

incense yieng

to increase dem

indigo camz, romj

infant lwgnding

to inform lwnh

to inform (a superior) bauq

to inherit swnj

innumerable fouzsoq

inside ndaw

insipid cwd

instead of lawh

to instruct daengq

instruction daengq

intention eiq, gei, simgei

interest (on money) leih

interested saengz

to interrupt duenh, duenx

to intertwine got

into baenz, guh, haeuj

to invite cingj

iron faz

to issue fat

it de

jade nyug

Jade Emperor Nyugdaeq

to join on dap

to join with gap

to joke gangjriu

joyous vuen

to jump saet

just cingq, gaznw, goj, ngamq, nya

just now ngamq, nya

kapok reux

kapok fibre faiqreux

kapok tree faexreux, reux

karst mountain bya

karst mountain valley rungh

to keep ce

to keep on dwk

kerchief gaen

kernel gok, naed, ngveih

to kill gaj

kind loh

kindness aen

king vuengz

kite (raptor) yiuh

knee hoq

knife cax, dau

to know rox

to know (a person) roxnaj

to know how rox, roxfaz

to lack hoj

ladder lae

ladle lwggyaek

lady nangz

land biengz

landing place doh

late, to be doekgvaiz, gvaiz

later doeklaeng, laeng

to laugh riu

lead (Pb) yienz

to lead cing, daz

leaf mbaw

to leak roh

lean (meat) cing, nohcing, nyeqcing

to lean on ing

to leap caek, diuq, saet

to learn rox

leather biz

leather strap bizdai

to leave daj

to (take) leave biek

to leave (sthg somewhere) ce

leech bing

left over leix

left-hand swix

leg ga, hengz

to let go cuengq, langh

to let down roengz

to let loose cuengq

letters saw

level bingz

to lie down ninz, yiet

life mingh

lifespan mingh

lifetime ciuh

to light diemj

light (bright) rongh

light (in weight) mbaeu

like, to be baenz, gauh, lumj

like this gauhneix

like what? gauhlawz

likeness gauh, yiengh

likewise caemh, doengz

limestone peak bya

line (of verse) coenz

to link lienz, swnj

liquor laeuj

to listen dajdingq, dingq

little eng, iq, noix

little darling youxnoix

live seng

to live off gwn

lively ning, oj

liver daep

load, half gonz, rap

locale dieg

location dieg

to lodge douh

long grass haz

long time gouj, nanz

longan nganx

longan tree gonganx

to look cim, yiuq

to look after ciuq, ciuqgoq, goq

to look around yiuq

to look at faz

to look for ra

to look out yiuq

loom hook gaeu

loose, to let langh

loquat bibaz

lord goeng, gvang

to lose ndwi

to lose one’s temper nya

lotus flower oq

louse naenz

love interest saengz

lovely darling youxgvai

lover raz, youx

low-lying gumz

lump gonj, gyoq

lunch ringz

lunch-time banringz, ringz

lychee laehcei, maklaehcei

main hall roggai

to maintain daemx

maize haeuxdaeq

to make baenz, cauh, caux, daz, gaz, guh

to make angry gaznyah

to make sbdy do sthg hawj

male bouxsai, sai

male (of chickens) seng

male child lwgmbauq

Man people bouxmanz, manz

to manage guenj

mandarin orange gam, makgam

manner gauh, yiengh

many lai

how many? geijlai

market haw

to marry aeu

master gvang

mat mbinj

mate hujgeiq

meal donq, ngaiz

measure used for rice mbaet

meat noh, nyeq

meat residue nengj

to meet fungz, nyangz, roxnaj

Melastoma nat

men bouxsai

to mend fongz

to mention dwen

metal gim

method loh

midday banringz, ringz

middle cungqgyang, gyang

midnight hwnz

mildew mwt

‘mile’ leix

mimetic phrases bizbwnz, feiz, fwdfeiz, lezlez, lizlinz, linz, niznaeb, nixnaed, nixned, sizsaez, yeye

mist mok

mistake, to make a loeng

to mix gap, gyaeux, liux

to mix up gyaux

mixed up nya

moat daemz, daemzsingz

to mobilise diuh

mole cricket ndungjndingq

money cienz, maenzcienz, ngaenz

monster gvaiq

month ndwen, nyied

moon ndwen

more dem

the more … yied

moreover dauq

morning gyanghaet, haet

moth mbaj, mbungqmbaj

mother meh

mother-in-law daiq, yahdaiq

motive gei, simgei

mountain bya

mountain pass geuq, ngamz

mountain reed liu

mountain valley rongh

mouth bak

mouthful amq

mouth-guard momh

to move daeh, doengh, ning

to move about ning

to move back vaij

much lai

mud namh

muddy boengz, heiz

mulberry sa

must aeu, ndaej

mustard greens byaekgat, gat, gobyaekgat

mutually dox

muzzle momh

myriad fanh

nail ding

name coh, mingz, mingzcoh

name list mingzbaiz

to narrate lwnh

narrow gaeb

native chieftain bouxsaeq, saeq

near baih

nearby henz

neck hoz

to need to aeu, ndaej

needle cim

nephew lan

new moq

New Year cieng

new-born lwgnding

news hauq

night haemh, hwnz, laep

nimble riuz

nine gouj

noodles (rice) faenj

noon ringz

north baek

northern quarter baekfueng

not mbouj, nauq, ndwi

not (at all) gaznw, nauq

to not have mbouj, ndwi

not yet caengz

to note geiq

nothing to do ndwi

number soq

a number of dingz

oar (large) cauh

to obey nyi

to obtain ndaej

occasion baez, ciuh, raq

to offend beu, famh

to offer up baiz, cang

offering caeq

official bouxhak, fouj, hak

offspring lwg

often ciengz, ciengzseiz

old gaeuq, geq, laux

old gentleman goeng

old lady yah

old man bouxgeq

old people bouxlaux

old woman yah

older daih

older brother beixgo

older sibling beix

oldest (child) lwggoek

on gwnz, gyang

one it

one after another lienz

one or more saek

only goj

only then cingq

to open hai

to oppose fanj

orange doengj, makdoengj

orange, trifoliate cengq, gocengq

order (set in) baiz

to organise caep

origin goek

original nduj

other wnq

other people bouxwnq, vunz

other side raeb

out rog

outdoors rog

outer edge byai

outside baihrog, gai, rog

over there baihde, wnq

own, one’s gaeuq

owner gvang

oxen moz

ox-rope ceux

to pace back and forth ciencak

to pacify dingh

paddy naz

pair doiq, gouh

palace dienh

palisade cab, caih, rag, ngvaxleih

pan cauq

panicle (of rice plants) rieng

paper sa

parasol liengj

parents-in-law dadaiq

to partake ndij

partner doengz

partner from love-match raz

pass, mountain geuq

to pass (of time) gvaq, ndaej

to pass by gvaq

pass through doh, doeng

past doengh

past time gonq

pastries bingj

to patch up bog

path haenz, roen

to patrol cunz

pattern yiengh

patterned va

paulownia gyaeuq

to pay attention to goq

to pay back daengh

peace an, ningz, onj

peaceful an

peach dauz, makdauz

peach tree faexdauz, godauz

peak, limestone bya

pear leiz, makleiz

to peddle buenq

pellet yienz

people boux, vunz

people of the hollows bouxnyangz, bouxrungh

people of the settled lands bouxsengj

to perceive nyi, ndaejnyi

to perch douh

perhaps rox

perimeter wall cab

to permit hawj

person vunz

phrase coenz

to pick ingj, leh

to pick out dawz, diemj

to pick up dawz, riuj

to pierce caet

pig mou

pig’s head (clf) doengz

pile gong

to pile on top dab

to pile up gong

pit gumz

placard baiz, mingzbaiz

place baih, cawq, deih, dieg, gaz, gaq, giz, laeng, mbaen

to place athwart vang

to place upright cang

to plait geuj

plan geiq

to plan geiq, suenq

to plant ndaem

plantain gyoij

platform, drying canz

to play louz

to plot geiq, maeuz, siengj

plough cae

to pluck gip

plum maenj, mak, makmaenj

to plunder caeg

pocket daeh

point soem

pointed soem

to poke doek

pole dongh, rap

pomelo makbug

pond daemz

to ponder naemx

pool vaengz

poor hoj

porter bouxfou

post dongh

pot bengz, cauq

pound (catty) gaen

to pound hoenx

to pound (rice etc.) daem

to pound lightly coeg

to pour dwk

precious bengz, ngaenz

precious darling gim, youxbengz, youxgim, youxngaenz

predestined cawq

prefecture fouj

preoccupied, to be ndiep

to prepare caep

prepared to, to be sij

prescient lingz

to preserve ce

pretty gvai, ndei, siengj

previous doengh, gonq

to produce fat, ok

profusion gauh, nyoem

to prognosticate gvaq

to prop up rux

property dangq

prosperous hingq, miz, ndei

to protect dang

province sengj, singj

provincial city sengj

public goeng

to pull cauh, cing, daz, laeb

purple gyaemq

purslane byaeksae, gobyaeksae, sae

to pursue gyaep

to put aside ce

to put below ndaem

to put down cuengq, roengz

to put on daenj

to put out ok

to put upright laeb

puttees hengzgeuj

quarter baih, fueng

quick nyaemz, vaiq

quickly doq

quick-witted nyaemz

quiet dingh

quilt moeg

to quiver neuz

rabbit doq

to raid caeg

rain fwn

rain-hat gyaep

ramie ndaij

rapids raiq

to reach daemx, daengz

to read doeg

ready to, to be sij

real caen

to realise rox

really caen, cing, sizsaih

realm biengz

to rebel fanj

to recede mboek

recitation coenz

to recognise faz, roxfaz

to recompense daengh

record geiq, goj

to recount lwnh

recourse, to have some naih

to recruit diuh

red hoengz, nding

to redeem vanz

to re-double dab

reeds ngox

to register daengq

to release cuengq, gaij

to rely on gyo

to remain leix

to remember geiq

to repair (field margins) bog

to repay (kindness) vanz

to replace lawh

replete rim

to report bauq

to resemble gauh, lumj

to resent haemz

to reside youq

to rest ietnaiq, yietnaiq

to retreat doiq

to retreat (of waters) mboek

to return dauq, doiq, ma, vaij

to return (kindness) vanz

Rhodomyrtus gonim, nim

rice haeux

broken rice haeuxbin, haeuxgyaeuj

cooked rice haeuxngaiz, ngaiz

dry-land rice haeuxreih

unhulled rice haeuxgok

wetfield rice haeuxnaz

white rice haeuxhau

rice bin mbaengq, mbueng

rice measure mbaet

rice noodles faenj

rice seedlings gyaj

rice shoots haeuxgyaj

rice-beer laeuj

rice-straw fiengz

rich hingq, miz

to ride gwih

right cing, dwg

right-hand gvaz

ripe (to become) baenz

to rise hwnj

river dah

river, stretch of vaengz

river stone rin raiq

rivulet rij

road doh, loh, roen

to roam around louz

rock rin

to roll over lengx

room rug

to roost (of birds) douh

rooster gaeqciengq, gaeqseng

root goek, rag

rope cag

rotten lanh, lanhcienh

rough caz

round (of fire) sauh

roundabout gut

to row (a boat) cauh

to ruin vaih

sabre yangj

to sack daemh

to sacrifice ce, ienq

saddle an

saltpetre siu

salty-sour dumh

same caemh, doengz

sand sa

sap nok

satisfying ngamj

to saunter liuz

to say naeuz, saemh

scabbard faek

to scatter doek, sanq

scheme maeuz

to scrape gvat

script saw

to scrub gvat

sea haij

seal of office yaenq

to search ra

to search out sei

second ngeih

section donh

sedan chair giuh

to see cim, gaeuq, raen

seed faen, naed

seedcorn faen

seedlings gyaj

to seize dawz

self gag

to sell buenq, gai, hai

to send soengq

to send down cuengq

to send off soengq

senior daih

sentence coenz

to separate gek, gekliz, liz

separated gek, gekliz

separately gag

serf hoiq

serious naek

to serve as guh

sesame lwgraz, raz

set (of clothing) doiq

to set foot diemj din

to set in order baiz

to set in place dingh

to set off cuengq

to set out diemj din, hai, hai din

to set seed okfaen

to set up dap, laeb

to set up extra tables daemxswnj

to set upright cang, daengj

to settle dingh

settled lands sengj

seven caet

several geij, gij

to shake daenh

shallow rapids raiq

shame couj

to share caemh

sharp soem

sharp edge bak

she de

sheaf geu

shell gyaep

to shift doiq

shin hengz

shiny rongh

shirt buh

shoes haiz

shoots ngez, raeuz

shop bouq, diemq

shoulder mbaq

to shoulder gwed

shoulder-pole rap

shrubbery byoz

sick bingh

sibling beix, beixnuengx, nuengx

side baih, bangx, cawq, haenz, henz, raeb

side (of mountain) mbiengj, raeb

sideways vang, vengh

silver ngaenz

since caj

sincerity simgei

to sing ciengq

to sit naengh

site dieg

six roek

sixteen cibroek

skein geu

sky mbwn

to slaughter gaj

slave hoiq

to sleep ndiu, ninz

sleeve gen

to slide byad

sling daeuq, nda

to slip byad

sliver (cotton) leh

slope bangx, byoz, geng, lingq

slow menh

small noix

smartweed goseq, seq

smelly haeu

to smile riu

smoke heiq, hoenz

to snap off euj, raek, giuj

to snatch gip

to soak ceh

socks mad

soft unq

soil namh

soldier bing, bouxgun, caeg, ding

some gaq

someone else bouxwnq, vwnz, wnq

somewhere cawq, gizlawz

son lwgmbauq

song fwen, go

sore naet

sorrow heiq

soul hoenz

sound sing

sound of door rattling caz

to sow doek

spacious gvangj, gvangq

sparrowhawk yiuh

to speak gangj, hauq

to speak deliberately nai

to spear saek

speech hauq

to spin (thread or yarn) daz

spinning wheel saj

spirit hoenz

spirit shelf baed

to splash sinz

spot diemj

to spray byaeuh

spring (season) cieng, cin

spring (water source) mboq

sprout byai, ngez

squirrel, flying mbangq

to stab doek

stable onj, riengh

to stack up dab

stake dongh

stalks raeuz

to stamp (the hooves) daemh

to stamp on daemh

to stand ndwn

to stand up hwnj

star ndaundeiq

to start out hai

to stay youq

steady maenh

to steal caeg

steelyard caengh

steep soem

to steep ceh

stem go, raeuz

to step diemj

to step forward diemj din, yamq

still dem, gaqlij, goj, lez, leix, lij

still not nyangz

stingy ged

to stink haeu

stone rin

to stop daengx, dingz, duenx

to stop up gyaz

store bouq, diemq

storied building laeuz

storm fwnraq, raq

story goj

to straddle gwih

straight soh

straightaway lienz

straightforward soh

strand geu

strap dai

straw cauj

straw mat mbinj

strawberry dumh

stream rij

street doh, gai, loh

strength rengz

to stretch daz

to stretch out iet, yiet

to strike daj, deng, dwk

to strike against daemj

string (n) roix

to string through roix

strip diuz

strong maenh, maenz

to struggle daeuq

stubble goenq

stuck, to get gaz, gyaz

stump goenq

stupid aeq

stye riengh

successful, to be baenz

to suffer deng, hoj

sufficient cuk

to summon heuh

sunlight ndit

sunny ndit

sunstroke maz

to suppose laih, laihnaeuz

surround (n) ngvax

to surround gyaz, humx

swamp caek

swampy caek

swampy land gumz

to swarm mauh

sweat heiz, nyid

to sweep baet, fad

sweet van

sweet and salty hamz

sweet bamboo faiz

sweet potato sawz

sweet potato greens byaeksawz

sweet corn haeuxdaeq

sweets diengz

swine mou

sword renz, yangj

syndrome in children caj

tail rieng

to take aeu, dawz

to take (a wife) aeu

to take along raek

to take hold of aeu, gaem

to take in hand caep, dawz

to take leave biek

to take off (clothes) duet

to take up dawz

talk (n) hauq, vah

to talk gangjgoj, hauq

tall sang

to tap coeg

tea caz

to tease cotton gung

teased cotton faiqgung

to tell daengq, gangj, lwnh, naeuz

to tell sby to do sthg daengq, nai

temple miuh

ten cib

ten thousand fanh

tender unq

tender grass nywj

tenth (part) cingz

terrace gyaek

to thank gyo

that de, gaiq

thatch-grass em, haz, hazdaij

thatch-grass shoots emraeuz, raeuz

the more … the more … yied … yied …

then caiq, cix, dauq, doq, goj, menh

there baih, baihde, wnq

there is miz

thereupon cix, dauq

they bouxde

thicket byoz, gyumh, nya

thing doxgaiq

to think laih, laihnaeuz, ngeix, siengj

to think about naemx

to think of ndiep, ngeix, niemh, siengj

this de, gaiq, neix

thornbush caj, gyumh, oen, oencaj, oenyiuh

thorns oen

thorny hedge dangj

thorny twig ging

those dingz

thought niemh, niemhcingz, simgei

thousand cien

to thread roix

three sam

Three Treasures Sambauj

throat hoz

through, to go doeng

to throw vut

to throw away vut

to tidy up beuj, caep

to tie together giet

to tie up cug, giet

tiger guk

tight gaenj, ndaet

time baez, ban, raq, seiz

time after time yaepyaep

time, occasion baez, ciuh, raq

tired naet, naiq

tobacco ien

today ngoenzneix

together caez, caemh, doengz, doengzcaez, doengzdoih

to come together doq

tomorrow cog, ngoenzcog

too daiq, lai

tools fag

tooth nyaz

toothbrush gaiqcatnyaz

top (of object) gyaeuj

top of tree byai

to topple doemq, lak

to touch the foot diemj din

to trample daemh

to transform bienq, gaij

to transgress beu, famh

to transmit riuz

to transport beuj, daeh

to travel daeq

to travel along gvaq

to traverse doh, gvaq, hamj

to tread on caij, daemh

to tread warily saemh

treasure bauj

tree faex, go, maex

tree stump goenq

tree top byai

to trick nyaeuh

trifoliate orange cengq, gocengq

troops bing, ding

trousers vaq

true cing, lingz, sizsaiz

truly sizsaiz

to truncate duenh

trunk, base of goek

tung oil tree doengz

turmeric gieng

to turn cienq

to turn around cienq, dauq, fan, goq

to turn back fan

to turn over boek, fanj

tussock byoz

twelve cibngeih

two ngeih, song

umbrella liengj

under laj

to undertake cengj

unhulled gok

unhulled rice haeuxgok

unlucky boih seiz

unmarried ndwi

untamed bya

until daengz

unyielding geng

to uphold dingj

upright cingq

upright, to set cang, laeb

urgent gaenj

upset gietcingz

utterance coenz

in vain ndwi

valley lueg

vanguard sienfung

very lai

vexed fanz

viaduct doh

village mbanj

village entrance bakdangj

vine gaeu

violent yak

vital spirit hoenz

volley (of gunfire) raq

to wait caj, deq, gaq, gaqlaeg, gaej, gaejlaeg

to wait for caj, haeuq

to walk byaij, byaijloh, byaijroen

wall cab, ciengz, singz

wampee moed

to want (to do sthg.) yaek

to ward off dang, dawz

warm mwn, raeuj

water raemx

water buffalo vaiz

water silk daeuz

water-channel mieng

waterhole dingh

waterlogged ceh, nok

water-source mboq

wattles lengz

to wave baet, vad

way loh

we (inclusive) raeuz

we, us, our dou, raeuz

weak (of wine) cwd

to wear daenj

to weave daemj, geuj

weeds rum

to weep daej

to weigh caengh

weighty naek

well cingj

well (healthy) ndei

well-behaved gvai

well-crafted gvaet

well-made gvaet

wet dumz

wet land ceh

wet-field naz

what? gijmaz, maz, youq

like what? gauhlawz, yienghlawz

whatever maz

wheedling gut

where? gaqlawz, gazlawz, gizlawz, mbaenlawz, youq

which? laiz, lawz

to whip bien, fad

white hau

white bamboo faexdeiz, gofaexdeiz

who? bouxlawz

whole baenz, daengx, doengz, singz

why? gven maz, maz

wicker fence ngvaxleih

wickerwork faz, leih

wide guengj, gvangj, gvangq

widow maiq, yahmaiq

widowed maiq

widower maiq

to wield cau

wife baz, maex, meh, raz, yah, yahvaij

wild bya

wild banana cieg

wind rumz

to wind round geuj

wine laeuj

wineglass cung

wings fwed

winning (words) gut

with caeuq, lienz, ndij, riengz

without fouz, ndwi, ngah

to be without hoj

without number fouzsoq

wok cauq

women (in general) mehmbwk, nangz

to wonder naemx

wood faex, maex

words hauq, vah

work hong

world dienyah

wormwood faexngaih, ngaih

to worry dauz, dauzheiq, heiq, ndiep, niemh, you

to write sij

writing saw

writing brush bit

wrongdoing coih

wronged, to be ienq

Yao people bouxyiuz, yiuz

to yap aep

year bi, nienz

yellow henj

yesterday lwenz, ngoenzlwenz

Yin (3rd Earthly Branch) yinz

yonder wnq

you mwngz, rwq, sou

young byai

young man mbauq

younger sibling nuengx

youngest (child) byai, lwnz

youth mbauq

zero lingz

Index of Scientific Names of Plants and Animals

Numbers in parentheses refer to line numbers in the Textual and Ethnographic Notes.

Aralia armata (1626)

Artemisia (35), (59), (962)

Arundo donax (1107), (1986)

Boehmeria nivea (1427)

Bombax malabaricum (9)

Broussonetia kasinoki (175), (1235)

Broussonetia papyrifera (1235)

Citrus limonia Osbeck (1222)

Citrus reticulata (1978)

Citrus sinensis (1978)

Clausena lansium (20)

Coleus blumei (1668)

Ctenopharyngodon idellus (1410)

Cudrania cochinchinensis (30)

Curcuma aromatica (907)

Curcuma longa (907)

Dendrocalamus latiflorus (1231)

Dendrocalamus membranaceus (1714)

Dimocarpus longan (1361)

Elsholtzia ciliata (1668)

Elsholtzia patrini (1668)

Equus yunnanensis (738)

Eriobotrya japonica (1786)

Ficus microcarpa (17)

Flemingia macrophylla (60)

Gossampinus malabarica (9)

Gossypium arboreum (354)

Gossypium herbaceum (354)

Gryllotalpa orientalis (1097)

Indigophora tinctoria (1443)

Litchi chinensis (1790)

Ludwigia prostrata (394)

Maclura cochinchinensis (30)

Macropodus opercularis (1406)

Melia azedarach 19

Moghania macrophylla (60)

Broussonetia kasinoki (175)

Broussonetia papyrifera (175)

Musa acuminata (1481)

Musa balbisiana (1481)

Myrica rubra (866)

Neyraudia reynaudiana (954)

Paulownia fortunei (866)

Perciformes family (1406)

Petaurista leucogenys (371)

Phaenosperma globosa (1139)

Polygonaceae (394)

Poncirus trifoliata (1222)

Portulaca (962)

Rhizoctonia solani (386)

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (33)

Spirogyra (314)

Stellaria media (1660)

Strobilanthes cusia (906), (1251)

Thanatephorus cucumeris (386)

Xanthomonas oryzae (402)

Zanthoxylum nitidum (30)

Subject Index

Numbers in parentheses refer to line numbers in the Textual and Ethnographic Notes.

abbreviated characters, see graphic phenomena and categories

abbreviated forms of expression 476 (220), 486 (368), 561 (1226), 581 (1507), 585 (1554), 586 (1582), 602 (1844)

see also condensed forms of expression, poetics, syntax

abbreviated forms of words 464 (96), 513 (680), 515 (720), 536 (937), 573 (1400), 597 (1770), 599 (1792)

see also Pingguo dialect

abnormalities

abnormal eyes 484 (347)

abnormal state of mind 533 (907)

animal offspring, abnormal 484 (347)

see also signs and portents

abundance of food and clothing 493 (435), 501 (563)

acculturation 17, 20

acute diseases 567 (1347), 602 (1835)

see also disease

additional lines, see manuscript

address, terms of, see terms of address and reference

administrative centres, Chinese 8, 481 (284), 499 (531) 542 (991)

administrative terms 522 (796)

administrative villages xix, 6, 28, 39, 60, 63, 68, 481 (284), 484 (348), 628, 629

administrative history, Youjiang region 26

advice to family members, see instructions

affines 477 (232)

see also kinship; marriage; mother-in-law; parents-in-law

affricate initials, see Pingguo dialect

agriculture

agricultural calendar 479 (269), 604 (1866)

agricultural crops, see cotton, fruit crops, maize, New World crops, rice, sesame, sugar cane, sweet potato, tobacco, watermelons

agricultural tools, see harrow, plough

agricultural year 521 (780)

algae 482 (298)

see also aquatic plants

allographs 83, 84, 454 (16), 462 (71), 467 (124), 472 (189), 478 (258), 485 (360), 491 (420), 493 (433), 495 (461), 497 (496), 500 (561), 501 (562), 502 (574), 505 (592), 507 (615), 513 (683), 520 (770), 522 (791), 523 (803), 531 (899), 539 (959), 566 (1300), 571 (1357), 592 (1660), 592–593 (1668), 601 (1830), 609 (1942), 612 (1954)

see also graphic phenomena and categories

allomorph, see Pingguo dialect

allophones, see Pingguo dialect, local pronunciation

alternate verses, see manuscripts, other

alternative interpretations of lines, see meaning of lines

alternative names 526 (835), 594 (1691)

alternative pronunciations 504 (584), 518 (752), 570 (1353)

alternative readings of characters and lines, see manuscript

ammunition, see bullets

angry ghosts 6

see also unnatural death

animals, see flying squirrel, horses, tiger

announcements, official 467 (123)

Anping 安平 native chieftaincy 17, 18

antiphonal song ix, 1, 2–3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 36, 44–45, 48, 51, 57, 58, 59, 60, 470 (172), 501 (562), 599 (1792)

ants 551–552 (1114)

see also insects

apposition 475 (219), 541 (981)

see also grammar

aquatic plants 482–483 (314)

see also algae, duckweed, green algae, water silk

Arabic numerals 48, 61, 62, 467 (139), 494 (458), 496 (484), 512 (668), 543 (1001), 581 (1492), 584 (1553), 610 (1945), 618 (2015)

see also graphic phenomena and categories

archaeological finds 517 (738) 525 (819)

aristocracy 18

see also social rank

army on the march 10, 528 (858), 549 (1091), 550 (1097–1098), 552 (1121–1122, 1138) 585 (1563)

crowded together 549 (1091)

dust flies up 552 (1121–1122)

following the headmen 552 (1116)

grass trodden underfoot 552 (1138)

walking long distances 553 (1145–1146)

army rations 571–572 (1361)

Artemisia 458 (35), 459 (59), 539 (962)

see also plants

artillery, see firearms

aspiration 586 (1577)

see also Northern Zhuang dialects

assassination 23

see native chieftaincies

assimilation 17, 550 (1097)

assimilation of initial with the final -ŋ 535 (922)

astral deities 479 (269), 528 (852)

see also Great Defeat, Pojun, White Tiger

atrophy of regular garrisons 17, 32

see Ming dynasty

auspicious days, see lucky and unlucky days

auspicious trees 453 (9)

Austronesian societies 530 (876)

bacterial leaf blight 489 (402)

see rice crop, diseases

bad luck 535 (920)

Baise University 16, 58

Baishan zhen 白山鎮 498 (507)

bald ridges 24, 30

see deforestation; landforms

Bama 巴馬 county 15

Bama diao 巴馬調 35

see song modes, regional

bamboo 501 (563), 504 (586), 595 (1714)

see also cages for domestic fowls

bamboo containers 609 (1935)

bamboo lathe 501 (563)

bamboo rain hats 465 (111), 528 (858)

bamboo splints 496 (475)

vegetative growth habits 596 (1715)

banana leaf 458 (36)

see also plantain, wild banana

bandits 12, 29, 491 (417), 500–501 (561)

Bangxu 榜墟 20, 22, 40, 62, 68

Bangxu dialect 68, 69, 70

see also Pingguo dialects

Bangxu zhen 榜墟鎮 39

banner 10, 527–528 (851), 550 (1097–1098)

see also native troops, clothing and equipment

banner sacrifice 10, 527–528 (851)

banyan tree 453 (9), 455 (17), 612 (1960)

basic meaning of words, see semantics

battles, descriptions of 11, 549 (1092), 578 (1467)

air filled with smoke 578 (1467)

noise of battle 573 (1395)

bedbugs 10, 564 (1266)

beginning line of stanza 56

behaving properly 10, 29, 49

beseiging a city 11

betrothal gifts 596 (1744)

see pair bonding

bicycles 30

see transport

biengz ‘domain’ 481 (288)

strategically important centre of a domain 533–534 (908)

Binyang 賓陽 county 63

birds

bird of ill omen 483 (346)

see also crows

bivouacking 564 (1268)

black tallow tree 459 (60)

blacksmiths 10, 505 (594)

see craftsmen

blessing 539 (920)

bestowing a blessing 501 (563)

blessing and benefaction 505 (592)

Bo’ai 剥隘 29, 496 (483)

boats 10, 24, 51, 540 (976)

see also transport

boat people 572 (1372)

boat song 51

see Liaoge song types

bodhisattva 526–527 (835)

see also deities

bodily postures 607 (1898)

body count 581 (1492)

see head tallies

body parts 535–536 (926)

Bose 百色 10, 29, 49, 57, 496 (483), 499 (531), 517 (738), 537 (954)

botanical description 452–453 (9), 455 (17), 456–457 (30), 484–485 (354), 529 (866), 537–538 (954), 552–553 (1139), 577 (1443), 592 (1660), 592–593 (1668), 595 (1714)

see also plants

botanical metaphors for kinship 530 (876), 544 (1016)

brambles 504 (586)

bravery in battle 579 (1476)

bricking up the village gate

see fortifications

bricking up walls

see fortifications

bridled and haltered 8, 484 (348)

see native chieftaincies

brigands 10, 12, 490 (417), 491 (418), 493 (434), 500–501 (561)

Brigands’ Song

distribution 2, 6, 7, 14–15, 16, 35, 37–40

historical background 6–7, 8–10, 16–20, 20–22

historicity 22–26

internal structure 53–56

narrative 10–11

scholarship on 7, 12, 13–16

social functions 26

source of practical advice 28–29

title 12

Brigands’ Song, other editions 56–58

1993 edition 13, 56–57

Pingguo Liaoge edition 15, 57–58

2007 edition 57

2009 edition 57

Zhuang-Chinese-English edition 16, 58

Brigands’ Song, other texts 40

Brigands’ Song, this manuscript 58–61

see also Liaoge, repertoire

brushstrokes, see script

Buddha 484 (347), 526 (833), 624 (2087)

Buddhism 526–527 (835), 537 (950), 624 (2087)

Three Treasures 624 (2087)

see also deities

Buddha fish 574 (1406)

see also fish

Buddhist transcription character 476 (228)

building fortifications 10, 28

see fortifications

bullets 11, 506 (612), 544–545 (1026)

see also weapons

Bunu language (Yao) 64

see also Yao

bush cotton 484–485 (354)

bush-knife 34

see weapons

butterflies 550 (1097–1098)

see also insects

buttons 507 (622)

byre 517 (738)

see also house

cages for domestic fowls 495–496 (475)

see also bamboo

calendar 479 (269)

calendrical expressions 456 (26), 467 (124), 496 (484)

Calendrical Song 3, 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

call-up of native troops 4, 11, 47, 520 (780)

general mobilisation 469 (160)

men selected for military duty 471–472 (184)

purchasing exemption 472 (187–188), 561 (1223)

timing of 520–521 (780)

calques 475 (218), 543 (1000), 575 (1411), 599 (1804), 600 (1809), 609 (1927)

see also Han loan-words

camaraderie

comrades chatting 556–557 (1194)

hujgeiq referring to fellow squad members 538 (956)

solidarity of brothers and friends 556 (1192)

strengthening bonds 527–528 (851)

see also banner sacrifice

campaigns, see military campaigns

candles 526 (825)

cannons 1, 2, 32, 573 (1378)

see weapons

cannonball 545 (1026)

cannon-firers 32

see native chieftaincy, occupational categories

Cantonese 530 (874)

Cantonese dialect of Nanning 530 (874)

Cantonese dialect speakers 63

see also Pingguo population

Cao Bằng 40, 41, 550 (1097)

see Brigands’ Song, distribution; Vietnam

capsicule 489 (402)

see also rice crop, diseases

carpenters 544 (1024)

see also craftsmen

carrying children 10

see refugees

carrying off population 32

see native troops, raiding

carrying pole loads 563 (1250)

carrying slings 496 (481)

cartilage 593 (1680)

catalytic readings, see readings, major types

catastrophic disruption 523 (802)

see disaster and war

categories of land 32

see also native chieftaincies, occupational categories

cavalry fighting techniques 517 (738)

cave shrine 3, 5

see Tiandong; Liu Sanmei

Cen 岑 chiefly lineages 20, 22–23, 26–28, 480 (276)

see also native chieftaincy

Cen Jun 岑濬 27, 25

Cen Ying 岑瑛 26–28

Cenhou temples 岑侯廟 27

see also temples

Central Tai 525 (818)

Central Tai dialects 452 (7)

Central Tai and Southwestern Tai languages 610–611 (1948)

Chang Liao 長嘹 51

see Liaoge, song types

Chang liluan 唱離亂 13, 15

see Brigands’ Song

chapbooks, see songbooks

chapter division 53

see Brigands’ Song, internal structure

charcoal 2, 568 (1324)

production method 568 (1324)

see gunpowder

Chengguanhua 城關話 68, 69, 70

see Pingguo dialects, other

Chengxiang 城廂 parish 39

chicken feathers 474 (206)

chickens 10, 501–502 (566)

see domestic animals

Chickweed 592 (1660)

chiefly court 18, 20

see also cooks, essential services to the chiefly house

chiefly domain 8–9, 17–19

neighbouring domains 567 (1307)

chiefly governance 17–20

chiefly lineages 9, 18, 19–20, 20–22

see also Cen, Huang, Wei, Zhao

lineage registers 19

chiefly succession 19

see also inheritance

children and childhood 453 (10), 485 (355)

in house-yard 604 (1868), 605 (1872)

children ‘running amok’ 502 (572)

small children 585–586 (1570)

chills 515 (723)

Chinese ancestry, fictitious 19–20

Chinese Bead Grass 552–553 (1139)

Chinese calendar 479 (269), 521 (781), 528 (852)

Chinese five-syllable verse 49

see also Brigands’ Song, other editions

Chinese law 19

Chinese medicine 569 (1347), 592 (1668)

Chinese official sources 17, 33

Chinese scholar-officials 17, 460 (60)

derivation of the term hak 473 (195)

Chinese state 5, 8, 9, 16–17, 19, 33

Chinese-style singing 3–4

Chinese-style inheritance 19

see also inheritance

Chinese-style arranged marriages 4–5, 47

see also Day Songs; marriage

Chinese translation 2, 13, 53–56, 516 (733)

see Brigands’ Song, other editions

cholera 569 (1347)

see also disease

Chongzuo 崇左 county 481 (284)

chopsticks 458 (36)

Chou hai tu bian 籌海圖編 34

see native troops, internal organisation

circulation of texts 1, 2, 5, 41

see songbooks

cities and towns 462 (75)

citrus fruit 560 (1222), 613 (1978)

cultural salience 613 (1978)

see also fruit crops; mandarin orange; orange; pomelo; Trifoliate orange trees

civilising mission 17

see Chinese state

classifiers 456 (30), 464 (96), 465 (108), 466 (112), 480 (271), 488–489 (394), 504 (584), 506 (603, 612), 562 (1236), 563 (1240), 585 (1563), 594 (1691)

classifier of generic reference 504 (584)

indefinite classifier 504 (584), 520 (779), 598 (1779)

two classifiers in succession 561 (1226)

see also grammar

client relationships 8–9

see imperial court

client statelets 8–9

see native chieftaincy

cliff-tops 10

see fortifications

climate, subtropical 452 (9), 515 (723)

cloth 510 (655)

cloth hats, 10

see native troops, clothing and equipment

clothing 507 (622)

clumps of thorn-bushes 504 (586), 540 (969) 567 (1320)

see vegetation

Cochinchinese Cudrania 456–457 (30)

cockerels (roosters) 531 (890), 590 (1634)

crowing of cockerels 531 (890)

see also chickens; domestic animals; sacrifice

Cockspur Thorn 457 (30)

cogon-grass 508 (628), 615 (1986)

see also thatch-grass

coeval same-sex cohorts 18

see Zhuang society

colonies of soldier-farmers 33

see rebellions, aftermath

command by native chieftain 1, 33, 34

commemoration 3, 7, 23, 24, 27

commerce 613 (1978)

commercial crops 30, 563 (1251), 576 (1427)

see also fruit crops; goods and commodities; sesame; sugar cane; tobacco

commercial markets 484–485 (354)

see also making money; money; mountain products; small-scale buying and selling

commodities 571 (1355)

Common Bombax 452–453 (9)

Common Chickweed 592 (1660)

common identity, see rebellions, aftermath

Common Turmeric 533 (907)

compound terms 470 (167), 497 (496), 588 (1618)

compound adjectives formed with dwg 462 (72)

compound byaicanz 505 (596)

compound kinship term 477 (232)

see also lexicon

comrades, see camaraderie

condensed forms of expression 497 (488), 546 (1040), 594 (1692), 599 (1800)

see also abbreviated forms of expression

confiscation of land (failure to report) 14

conflict between duty and livelihood 520–521 (780)

Confucian academy of learning 27, 28, 81

see Si’en native prefecture

containers 501 (563)

see also bamboo; cover for household containers

contents of the song as inventory 26, 28–29

see Brigands’ Song, social functions

cooking pots 463 (84)

cooks 549 (1088)

see craftsmen; chiefly court

core organisation of chieftaincies 17–20

corpus of song texts, size 13, 36–37

see also Liaoge, repertoire

corvée duty 18, 32

corvée fields 18, 32

cotton 484–485 (354), 506 (613, 614), 511 (661), 577 (1435)

see also agricultural crops; fibre plants

cotton cloth 484–485 (354)

cotton crop 506 (613, 614)

cotton that has been carded 508 (629)

cotton wadding 453 (9)

Cotton Tree 452–453 (9)

cover for household containers 578 (1457)

see containers

counterfactual statements

figment of the imagination 581 (1488)

counties, modern, dates 8, 22, 62

court rituals 18, 20

craftsmen 10, 505 (594)

see also blacksmiths; carpenters; stone masons

crossbows 35

see weapons

crows 483 (346)

see also birds

cultural memory 28

Cultural Revolution 7, 44

cultural transmission, see Liaoge

cultural values 28

culture stations, commune 14

cursive writing 77, 483 (346), 488 (391), 502 (574), 525 (815), 608 (1917), 615 (1989), 621 (2038)

see also graphic phenomena and categories; grass hand

cursive BAMBOO radical 522 (789)

cursive element 465 (111)

cursive rendering 476–477 (228), 529 (866), 552 (1115)

cursive variant 475 (209)

dagger 34

see weapons

Dahua 大化 county 18, 26, 36, 498 (523)

Đại Cổ Việt kingdom 8

see also Vietnam

dangers on the march 10

Daoist priests 528 (852)

see religious practitioners

Daowu 禱午 parish 62

Daxin 大新 county 17, 497 (491), 499 (547)

Day Songs 15, 36, 37, 44–47

see Liaoge, repertoire

days, good, inauspicious, or potentially disastrous 528 (852)

see also signs and portents

death

by accident 7

dead comrades 11

on the battlefield 7

see also unnatural death

definition of ‘brigands’ zéi 賊 12

see Brigands’ Song, title

deforestation 30–31, 540 (970)

deities, see bodhisattva; god of the hearth; god of the locality; Jade Emperor; Guanyin; mountain god; Three Treasures

demobilisation 587 (1595), 587–588 (1602)

set of procedures 587 (1586)

see also marking off names

demography of Pingguo 61–64

see also Pingguo, population

deserted mountains 30

destinations 10, 22–24, 26

de-voicing 516 (723)

devotion 1

dew 566 (1304)

Di Qing 狄青 19

see also Nong Zhigao

dialect surveys 61–62, 64, 65–67, 516 (723)

see Zhuang language

diary of a soldier 2

different interpretations of lines, see meaning of lines

Diga Liao 迪咯嘹 51

see Liaoge, song types

Dingguang 定廣 village 6

direct method 49

see Liaoge, cultural transmission

disambiguation 81

disaster and war 1

calamitous events 479 (269)

disbelief 564 (1256)

see rumours

discipline 34

see native troops, internal organisation

disease

binghcaj ‘caj illness’ 456 (30)

coming out in skin eruptions 602 (1835)

discontinous breathing 596 (1718)

see also acute diseases; cholera; flu; measles

diseases of rice 489 (402)

see also rice

disorder 1, 473 (191)

signs of 482 (298)

see also disaster and war

distress and hardship of separation 11

see also emotions

distribution of dialect pronunciations, see Zhuang language

division of labour 516 (732)

see also farming

dogs 621 (2036)

dollar 560 (1219)

see money

domains 8–9, 480 (276)

see native chieftaincies

domestic altar 526 (833)

domestic animals 518 (754)

see chickens, cockerels, dogs, ducks, oxen, pigs

domestic production 563 (1251)

see also farming

dòng 洞 9

see native chieftaincy

Drought Song 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

double meaning, see meaning of lines

double-entendre, see meaning of lines

dragon year 479 (269)

dragon-eye fruit 571 (1361)

see also fruit crops; longan; plants

drinking blood mixed with wine 531 (890)

see also oaths; sacrifice

dry-land farming on the hills 30, 488 (387)

see farming; Pingguo; terrain

drying clothes 486 (371)

drying platform, see house

Du’anhua 都安話 62, 68, 69, 70

see Pingguo dialects

ducks 603 (1858)

duckweed 482 (298)

see also aquatic plants

Dujie xu 都結墟 499 (539)

Duyang diao 都陽調 36

see song modes, regional

Dunhuang 530 (950)

Dunhuang manuscripts 450 (1), 454 (12), 563 (1236)

dye plants 533 (906)

see also indigo and other dye crops

Eagle Thorn 589 (1626)

Early Middle Chinese 81

see readings, age and provenance

earthen hills 30, 540 (969)

see landforms; terrain

Earthly Branches, see Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches

eating and food

eating at a very high standard 602 (1846)

eating everything up 597 (1752)

eating too much fish 602 (1840)

eating too much meat 602 (1840)

eating too well 602 (1840)

getting enough to eat 11

no food 10, 561 (1228), 596 (1728)

rice noodles 462 (75)

ecological devastation 525 (819)

see also deforestation

economic base 17

see native chieftaincies, social history reports

economic crops, see commerce

editing and annotation process viii–x, 59–61

Eight Forts rebellion 1, 22, 547 (1064)

see also rebellions

elaborate expressions 506 (604), 590 (1631)

see also poetics

elders 482 (304)

eldest son in the principal line 19

see native chieftaincy, inheritance

embroidered shoes 525 (816)

emotions 461 (64), 469 (164), 520 (777)

anxiety 596 (1718)

bitterness of being parted 502 (568)

deeply upset 603 (1850)

disappointment 541 (979)

emotional attachment 606–607 (1896)

emotional vocabulary 606–607 (1896)

face the colour of indigo 533 (906)

falling in love 606–607 (1896)

heart is choking 603 (1850)

sadness 523 (800)

worried and depressed 533 (907)

encampment 493 (434)

Encheng 恩城 native chieftaincy 20

endearment, see terms of endearment

enfeoffment 19

see native chieftaincies, relations with court

English translation 16, 58

see Brigands’ Song, other editions

entourage politics 19

see native chieftaincies

Equus yunnanensis 517 (738)

see horses

escape routes 26, 29

see also refugees

essential services to the chiefly house 18

see chiefly court

Establishment and Removal cycle 37, 528 (852)

see lucky and unlucky days

ethnonyms 558 (1209), 572 (1364)

exonyms 506 (614)

quasi-ethnonym 542 (991)

eucalypts 30

see forests; plants

example sentences and phrases

see Zhuang language

experience of war 1, 10

export trade 485 (354)

see also commerce

extemporisation 3, 48

see song lyrics; performance culture

extended meaning 454 (16), 455 (18), 458 (40), 461 (65), 471 (176), 486 (368), 488 (388), 491 (420), 493 (428), 494 (460), 502 (568), 511 (667), 513 (672), 516 (735), 519 (760), 520 (777), 525 (816), 527 (842), 532 (905), 533 (908), 536–537 (945), 540 (969), 544 (1016), 566 (1300, 1304), 578 (1463, 1465), 585 (1559, 1562), 588 (1619), 589 (1626), 591 (1649)

see also grammaticalisation; semantics

extranumerary syllable 36

see poetics

eyes of the cloth 510 (655)

see also spinning and weaving

failure to report 32

see native troops

falsetto 52

see singing style

families 4, 5, 10, 12, 18, 19, 23, 28, 29, 32, 33, 44, 45, 47, 48–49

family gatherings 523 (802)

see also kinship

famine 6, 29

Fangyan 方言 592 (1668)

farming

farming families 501 (564)

heavy work 544 (1008)

ploughing and harrowing 516 (732)

fat of animals 610 (1945)

fate, allocation of 526 (835)

determined (by fate) 451 (4)

female lyrics omitted, see manuscript

Fengshan diao 鳳山調 35

see song modes, regional

Fengwu 鳳梧 parish 62

ferry at Nahai 507 (615)

feudal relations 9

feudalism 17

fibre plants 452–453 (9), 484–485 (354), 562 (1235)

see also bush cotton, cotton, kapok tree, mulberry trees, tree cotton, ramie

field investigations

by local scholars 7

social history investigations 17

fieldwork, information from 5, 6, 14, 15, 18, 36, 40, 45

fighting battles 1, 33, 33–35

fire 621 (2042)

firearms 1, 34, 35

collecting guns that were issued 587–588 (1602)

firearms technology 35

see also guns; Frankish cannons; weapons

firewood 504 (586), 549 (1088), 622 (2063)

firewood getters 32

see native chieftaincy, occupational categories

fish 574 (1406)

fish in different pools 558 (1207–1208)

fish in the spring 490 (415)

see also Buddha fish; grass carp

fishing 607 (1915)

fish farming 575 (1410)

fishing after dark 607 (1915)

fishing, method 607 (1915)

fleas and lice 564 (1268)

see insects

fleeing the domain 523 (802)

see also refugees

fleeing to safe place 477 (240)

days on the road 499 (539)

flu (influenza) 569 (1347)

see also disease

flying squirrel 486 (371)

see also animals

flowering period 529 (866)

flowers 453 (9)

fodder for buffaloes and horses 557 (954)

fodder suppliers 32

see native chieftaincy, occupational categories

following the native chieftain 33

following the headman 552 (1116)

see also native troops, military campaigns

food

five-coloured glutinous rice 533 (907)

food for their mid-day meal 458 (36)

food sent up to men on the front line 581 (1488)

foods, cold and hot 602 (1840)

see also eating and food; rice

forests 4, 30–31, 35, 460 (60)

forging of weapons 505 (596)

forging guns 2, 10, 28, 485 (363)

forging knives 485 (363)

see also blacksmiths; firearms; weapons

fortifications

bricking up the village gate 10

bricking up walls 10

covering the fort 567 (1307)

fortified centre of domain 533 (908)

fortification ditches 575 (1416)

fortifying villages 456 (30), 487 (374), 491 (418), 623 (2079)

wickerwork barriers 581 (1513)

see also building fortifications; stockade; stone walls; strongholds

forts 26

see native troops, military campaigns

Fortune Paulownia 529 (866)

four divisions of time 479 (269)

see lucky and unlucky days

four-syllable phrase 506 (604)

see also elaborate expressions

fowl cages 10

see also bamboo

Frankish cannons 573 (1378)

see firearms; weapons

fraudulent claims 19

see native chieftaincies, inheritance

free townspeople 18

see native chieftaincies, occupational categories

fruit 455 (18), 455 (20), 457 (33), 529 (866)

fruit crops 598 (1786), 598–599 (1790), 605 (1890), 613 (1978)

fruit grown commercially 570–571 (1355)

soldiers peddling fruit 571 (1356)

see also citrus fruit, dragon-eye fruit, longan fruit, loquat, lychees, mandarin orange, orange, pomelo, strawberries

Fucheng 府城 40

Fucheng zhen 府城鎮 26

fungus 488 (386)

fusion words 464 (96), 513 (680, 720)

Fusui 扶綏 county 497 (491)

fwen Nganx 6, 35, 36, 39, 40

see song modes, regional

gaoqiang 高腔 40

see song modes, regional

garrison troops 17, 31, 32, 33

see also imperial armies; native troops

gates

at the entrance to the village 491 (418)

to the outer wall of the village 622 (2065)

locking the gate 623 (2075)

rolling down the gate 11

gazetteer information on dialects 64–65, 68–70

see Pingguo dialect

general mobilisation 11

see call-up of native troops

Giant Cane 551 (1107), 615 (1986)

Giant Cane shoots 35

see also guns; plants

gifts 53, 511 (661), 511 (667)

god of the hearth 463 (84)

god of the locality 526 (835)

see also deities

gold 452 (8)

see also metals and mining

goods and commodities 576 (1428)

see also commerce

goose feathers 474 (206)

government headquarters 587 (1586)

grain supply 549 (1088)

see also logistics

grammar 475 (219), 511 (660), 561 (1226), 563 (1250)

interrogatives 486 (368)

passive 601 (1823)

post-clausal particle 463 (80)

question particle maz 605–606 (1891)

sentence-final particle 479 (264)

sentence topic 463 (80)

topic-comment constructions 508 (624)

see also classifiers; lexicon; semantics; syntax

grammaticalisation 471 (183)

grammaticalised usage of dawz 491 (420), 536–537 (945), 601 (1823)

grammaticalised usage of youq 574 (1402)

see also lexicon

graphic mainstream 78, 82

graphic phenomena and categories

see also allographs, Arabic numerals, cursive writing, modern graphic innovations, Roman alphabetic letters, vernacular characters, vernacular variants, Zhuang vernacular script

back-conversion from cursive writing 507 (615), 537 (950)

combined meanings characters 455 (18), 564 (1272), 578 (1461)

differences between Tiandong and Pingguo 80–81

few brushstrokes preferred, see script

graphic abbreviations 84, 452 (8), 453 (11), 461 (64), 468 (152), 470 (168), 476 (228), 487 (378), 495 (474), 500 (556), 501 (564), 507 (622), 509 (642), 517 (742), 518 (748, 750), 521 (787), 521–522 (788), 531 (888), 535 (924), 549 (1087), 557 (1195), 569 (1343), 576 (1420), 583 (1533), 585 (1554, 1564), 587 (1591), 608 (1923), 615 (1991), 617 (2008), 619 (2015)

graphic approximations 510 (660), 541 (980)

graphic borrowing 542 (985)

graphic component substitution 453 (11), 516 (728, 732), 532 (899), 542 (985), 560 (1217), 561 (1228), 602 (1840)

graphic element (廾 gǒng) 456 (24)

graphic innovation 492 (427)

graphic place-holder 609 (1927)

graphic simplification pathways 83

graphic variants 454 (14), 456 (24), 471 (176), 510 (660), 535 (924), 542–543 (991), 572 (1365), 587 (1596), 594 (1694)

iconicity 467 (128), 480 (278), 495 (466), 618–619 (2015)

idiosyncratic variant 557 (1203)

non-standard simplification 606 (1894)

radical graphic simplification 65, 490 (418), 542 (991), 553 (1153), 565 (1273)

repeat sign 482 (292), 591 (1647)

resemblance 500 (559), 516 (732), 562 (1234), 563 (1252), 602 (1840), 612 (1964)

semi-cursive writing 478 (256), 500 (559), 551 (1112), 560 (1217), 612 (1964)

semi-cursive allographs 472 (189), 477 (247)

simplified graphs 453 (10), 458 (51)

simplified variants 454 (13), 473 (195), 523 (803)

graphic-phonetic series 516 (728, 732), 517 (738), 518 (748), 542 (985), 584 (1547), 608 (1923), 615 (1991)

substitution within 485 (360), 489–490 (407)

graphic representation of Zhuang initials and finals

nd- represented by l- 494 (458), 496 (481)

palatalised nasal initial 506–507 (614)

r- initial represented by l- 496 (475)

graphs written by mistake, see manuscript

grass carp 575 (1410)

see also fish

grass hand 77–78, 488 (391)

see also cursive writing

grasses 504 (586)

categories of grass 538 (958)

short grasses 508 (628), 538 (958)

Great Defeat 528 (852)

see also astral deities; lucky and unlucky days

Great Leap Forward 30

Great Rattan Gorge 23

see rebellions

green algae 482–483 (314)

see also aquatic plants

green vegetables 30

Groping-in-the-Dark Songs 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

Guanyin 526 (835)

see also deities

Guangdong 5, 8, 10, 23, 24, 63

falling into disorder 23

Guangdong xinyu 廣東新語 5

Guangxi Ancient Manuscripts Editing Office vii, x, 13, 36

Guangxi minzu yanjiu 廣西民族研究 14, 15

Guangxi Nationalities Research Institute 15

Guangxi province, imperial operations 16–17

Guangxi scholars vii, 6, 13–16

Guangxi wenyi 广西文藝 13

guard and battalion system 32

see Ming dynasty; garrison troops

Guide native 歸德 chieftaincy 15, 20, 21, 22, 484 (348), 520 (777), 624 (2083), 629

Guizhou vii, 23

gunpowder 1, 2, 35, 568 (1323)

see also charcoal; saltpetre

guns 1, 2, 10, 11, 35, 551 (1107), 587–588 (1602), 588 (1604)

guns missing 588 (1604)

issuing guns to the soldiers 587–588 (1602)

see firearms; matchlocks; weapons

Guode 果德 county 21, 62

Guohua 果化 native chieftaincy 20, 21, 22

Guohua 果化 (parish and town) 27, 29, 39, 43, 52, 62, 63, 68, 568 (1322)

Gurkha regimes 9

Ha Liao 哈嘹 51, 52, 54–55

see Liaoge, song types

Haicheng 海城 20, 39, 62, 68–70, 556 (1178)

Haicheng market 576 (1324)

Haicheng parish 492 (427)

Haichenghua 海城話 62, 68–70

see Pingguo dialects, other

Hainan 24, 40, 522 (796), 542 (991)

Hainan campaign 24, 40

see rebellions

Hakka 63

see Pingguo, population

Han Chinese

Han Chinese families 591 (1636)

Han Chinese marriage 519 (756)

Han Chinese people 558 (1209)

Han Chinese song culture 3–4

Han population in Pingguo 63

Han loan-words 450 (1), 451 (4, 7), 452 (8), 458 (34), 462 (74), 463 (84, 90), 465 (100, 107), 467 (124), 469 (160, 164), 470 (166, 173, 175), 471–472 (184), 474 (207), 476 (228), 477 (244), 478 (251, 258, 261), 479 (262, 266, 268), 480 (276, 278, 282), 483 (335), 487 (374), 488 (391), 489 (402), 491 (418), 494 (458, 460), 495 (468, 474), 496 (484), 497 (488), 500 (556, 560, 561), 501 (564), 502 (575), 503 (577), 507 (622, 623), 509 (636), 510 (655, 659), 512 (667), 514 (700), 515 (716), 516 (728), 518 (752), 519 (766), 520 (774, 778), 522 (790, 791, 796), 524 (810), 525 (815, 816), 527 (840, 842), 528 (851), 529 (862, 869), 530 (871), 530–531 (888), 534 (914), 535 (920, 924), 538 (956), 541 (984), 542 (985), 545 (1026), 549 (1088), 552 (1115), 553 (1161), 556 (1186), 557 (1195), 559 (1212), 562 (1236), 563 (1244), 566 (1300), 569 (1340, 1343), 570 (1354), 574 (1404), 576 (1420), 577 (1432), 578 (1465), 579 (1472), 581 (1489, 1507), 584 (1548), 585 (1564), 589 (1626), 596 (1724, 1747), 598 (1786), 599 (1804), 600 (1809, 1818), 601 (1827), 602 (1835), 604 (1868), 605 (1878), 607 (1916), 608 (1920, 1923), 609 (1939), 610 (1943, 1944), 611 (1952), 612 (1954), 613 (1978, 1982), 615 (1991, 1993), 616 (1994), 618 (2015)

Han borrowings, different historical strata 534 (914)

old Han borrowings 451 (7), 452 (8), 462 (73), 464 (99), 466 (122), 487 (379), 492 (427), 493 (428), 494 (460), 500 (561), 502 (568), 509 (634), 526 (833), 548 (1076), 565 (1298), 570 (1354), 584 (1545), 589 (1627), 609 (1927)

see also calques

Hán-Việt (HV) readings 460 (60), 520 (766)

see readings, age and provenance

handle of the plough 529 (869–870)

handwritten booklets 2

see songbooks

Hanvueng ritual 1, 7

Hanyu Pinyin alphabetic tables 477 (228)

hard physical labour 501 (564), 523–524 (804), 544 (1008), 603 (1849)

see also farming

hardships 11, 14, 544 (1008)

harmony 2, 4

see music; singing style

harrow 544 (1024)

see also agriculture; farming

hats and helmets 587 (1586)

see native troops, equipment

head tallies 34, 580 (1484)

counting heads 580 (1484)

see native troops, internal organisation

head-man 498 (511)

heat-stroke 569 (1347)

symptoms of severe heat-stroke 602 (1835)

Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches 493 (435)

Earthly Branches 464 (99), 479 (266, 269), 509 (642), 521 (781, 783), 604 (1866), 608 (1921)

Heavenly Stems 465–466 (111), 479 (269), 493 (435), 500 (556), 501 (564), 502 (571), 518 (748), 522 (789), 545 (1030), 549 (1092), 550 (1096), 574 (1403), 612 (1960)

time quality 521 (783)

twelve horary animals 479 (269)

see also lucky and unlucky days

heavy work, see hard physical labour

hedge surrounding the village 487 (374)

see also fortifications

Hepu 合浦 525 (819)

hereditary priestly lineages 18

see mogong; native chieftaincies, occupational categories

historical background 16–20, 20–22

historical records 17

historical-materialist epistemology 17

Hlai (Li) people 542 (991)

Hmong-Mien language family 64

hollows 29, 63, 64, 565 (1274)

see landforms; terrain

homecoming 598 (1779)

homespun cloth 563 (1251)

see also spinning and weaving

homophones 461 (66), 494 (458), 518 (750)

completely homophonous 507 (620), 517 (742), 519–520 (766), 548 (1076), 584 (1548, 1553), 599 (1804), 610 (1943)

homophonous in PH 481 (282), 581 (1489), 586 (1577)

match only approximate 79, 454 (15), 458 (43), 506–507 (614), 515 (711), 562 (1232)

nearly homophonous 599 (1804), 603 (1858), 604 (1866), 607 (1916)

nearly homophonous in PH 608 (1920)

no longer in correspondence 450 (1)

not a close match phonetically 507 (622), 599–600 (1808)

partial phonetic correspondence 510 (658), 578 (1457), 612 (1964)

see also readings, major types

Hongshui 紅水 River 15, 62

hook 508 (631)

see also loom; spinning and weaving

horary animals 521 (781, 783)

see also Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches

horses 10, 11, 516–517 (738), 535 (922), 536 (928, 930), 539 (960), 582 (1523–1524), 583 (1531)

adjusting the horse’s bridle 527 (842)

easy to slip in karst terrain 536 (930)

Guangnan horses 517 (738)

indigenous to Guangxi 517 (738)

nail in horse’s hoof 536 (932)

raised by military households 555 (1176)

stamping hooves 517 (738)

two main varieties 517 (738)

house 513 (683), 514 (691)

courtyard 541 (981), 565 (1288)

drying platform 505 (596)

front of the house 524 (809)

house geography 514 (691), 518–519 (754), 541 (981)

house ladder 518–519 (754), 541 (981)

houseposts 486 (371)

main hall of the house 583 (683), 514 (691), 526 (833)

traditional houses 505 (596)

upper storey 518–519 (754)

see also byre

House-building Songs 3, 37, 44, 45

see Liaoge, repertoire

house-slaves 18

see native chieftaincy, occupational categories

housework 621 (2042)

sweeping around the cooking platform 621 (2042)

Huang Qingzhu 黄慶祝 viii, ix, 52, 60, 70–77, 514 (700), 628

see also Mr. Huang

Huang Yaoguang 黄耀光 13

Huang Yongsha 黄永刹 13

Huang 黄 lineage 21, 484 (348)

hunger 585 (1563)

hunting 9, 24

hunting and fishing 9

hypothetical mode 521 (783), 575 (1408)

hypothetical tone of voice 471 (183)

iconicity, see graphic phenomena and categories

ill omens, see signs and portents

illness, see disease

imperial armies 1, 12, 23, 26, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 500 (561), 528 (851)

imperial troops from the north 31

imperial court 8, 17, 18, 19, 23, 27, 31

implied meaning 459 (57), 463 (80), 497 (488), 511 (664), 512 (669), 517 (744), 518 (752), 519 (764), 536 (928), 537 (948), 539 (960), 540 (966), 547 (1068), 559 (1214), 565 (1288), 576 (1424), 579 (1479), 588 (1604), 595 (1696), 602–603 (1846), 608 (1917), 612 (1964), 619 (2016)

underlying question 503 (576)

see also meaning of lines

inauspicious signs, see signs and portents

incense 526 (825)

incense burner 526 (825)

incest 511 (660)

India 453 (9)

indigo and other dye crops 563 (1251), 577 (1443)

for sale on the market 563 (1251)

indigo dye 532–533 (906)

see also commerce

indirect rule 8

infant, newborn 485 (355)

infidelity, see pair bonding

inheritance

Chinese-style inheritance 19

first-born son 530 (876)

of chiefly office 19

of social rank 18

insects

see ants, bedbugs, butterflies, lice, mole crickets, moths and borers, road ants, stinkbugs

instructions

issuing instructions to family 1, 10, 501 (562), 516 (732, 735), 518 (752)

looking after children 502 (572)

maintaining the household 518 (752)

protecting the house 502 (566)

tilling the fields 523 (802)

intellectuals 2, 7

intermarriage 18, 61

internal structure, see Brigands’ Song

Interrogation Song 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

iron 485 (363)

see also blacksmiths; metals and mining

irony 522 (796)

Jade Emperor 623 (2080)

see also deities

Jiangnan 542 (991)

Jiangzhou 江州 27

Jiaozhi 交趾 (northern Vietnam) 5, 26, 481 (284), 500 (547)

Jiaozhi migration route 26, 500 (547)

see also Vietnam

Jinjie 進結 town 499 (539)

Jingxi 靖西 county 5, 80

Jiucheng 舊城 20, 26, 27, 28, 41, 62, 68, (276), 492 (427)

Jiucheng 舊城 native chieftaincy 20, 21, 28, 474 (200)

jobs in the fields 10

see farming; division of labour

joking 463 (84), 600 (1816)

between young men and women 576–577 (1428), 583 (1536)

see also male female interactions; pair bonding

juridical basis of claims to land 32

see native chieftaincy

‘K’ representing gaeq 482 (299)

kapok tree 452–453 (9), 453 (10), 485 (354), 562 (1235)

quality of wood 622 (2059)

kapok cotton fibres 453 (9), 511 (661)

military uses 453 (9)

karst hollows people, see mountain hollow people; Zhuang sub-groups

karst mountains 8, 11, 28, 29, 30–31, 45, 52, 61, 63, 64, 457 (30), 460 (60), 471 (175), 506 (614), 536 (930), 537 (954), 539 (962), 540 (969), 541 (985), 559 (1217), 567–568 (1322), 568 (1323, 1324), 568–569 (1332), 592 (1660)

see landforms; terrain

killing animals

chickens 10, 501 (566)

cockerels 11, 531 (890)

pigs 11

see also sacrifice

killing people 11, 12, 34, 500 (561)

kindling 537 (954)

kinship

kinship terms 469 (166), 477 (232), 478 (248), 594 (1688)

‘older sibling’ and ‘younger sibling’ as terms of address 511 (660)

parents-in-law 478 (248)

younger siblings 517 (739)

youngest child 497 (488)

labour hiring 493 (428)

labour power 567 (1307)

Lan Hong’en 藍鴻恩 14–15

land ownership vested in the chieftain 9, 17

land taxes 27

land use 9, 17

landforms 492 (426), 506 (614), 541–542 (985), 553 (1153, 1154), 559 (1217), 565 (1273, 1274)

see also bald ridges; earthen hills; hollows; karst mountains; mountain valleys; mountain waist; mountaintops; pass; saddle or pass; terrain

lands directly administered 558 (1209)

lands laid waste 33, 558–559 (1209)

see also ‘truncated fields’

Large-leaf Banyan tree 622 (2063)

Large-leaf Flemingia 460 (60)

Late Middle Chinese (LMC), see readings, age and provenance

lead (Pb) 545 (1026)

see also firearms; metals and mining

leaf blight 489 (402)

see also plant diseases

leave-taking

saying good-bye 513 (674), 515 (716)

lects 62, 65

see Zhuang language, dialects and lects

leeches 483 (338)

Left and Right River (左右江) chieftaincies 26

leguminaceous plants 460 (60)

Levant Cotton, see bush cotton

lexicon

adverbial binom 509 (640)

local dialect words 451 (5)

Li Tiaoyuan 李調元 5

Liaoge 嘹歌 ix, 3, 6, 7, 13–16, 28, 30, 35–40, 41, 43, 44–47, 49, 51–55, 57–58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 80

area of currency 35, 37–40, 43

articles and dissertations 15–16

centre of tradition 7, 13, 14–15, 16

cultural transmission 48–49

teaching of girls 49

origin of name 36

repertoire, see Brigands’Song, Calendrical Song, Day Songs, Drought Song, Groping-in-the Dark Songs, House-building Songs, Interrogation Song, Matching Song, Night Songs, Poor Family Songs, Road Songs, Songs for Entering the Village, Songs for Opening the Ten Sluice-gates, Songs for Praising the Village, Song of the Hours, Songs of Offering, Songs of Parting, Songs of the Third Month

song types, see Chang Liao, Diga Liao, Ha Liao, Nahai Liao

Liaoge Association 60

lice and bedbugs 11

see insects

lifespan 581 (1507)

limestone karst, see karst mountains

Liming 黎明 parish 39

line of march 22, 24

lineage 534 (914)

lineage elders 19

see native chieftaincies

lineage registers 19

see native chieftaincies; inheritance

linear village 541 (977)

Linfeng 林逢 38, 39, 547 (1072), 573 (1378)

Linfeng 林逢 parish 30, 38

Lingma 靈馬 40

Lingnan 岭南 5, 7, 8

liturgical text 1

Liu Sanmei 劉三妹 5

livelihoods of farming families 520–521 (780), 523 (802)

LMC (Late Middle Chinese), see readings, age and provenance

local dialect words

see lexicon

‘local emperors’ 17

local style 2

logistics 1, 572 (1372)

see also boats; grain supply; porters; saltpetre; weapons

long grasses 508 (628)

Long people (Longren 隴人), see mountain hollows people

Long’an 隆安 county 7, 26, 61, 486 (372), 497 (491, 499), 499 (539), 624 (2083)

longan (dragon-eye) fruit 571 (1361)

orchards of longan trees 571 (1361)

Longming 龍茗 499–500 (547), 624 (2083)

Longying 龍英 native chieftaincy 624 (2083)

loom 508 (631)

see spinning and weaving

loquat 598 (1786)

see also fruit crops

lotus leaf 458 (36)

love relationships 4, 47

see also pair bonding

love-making 3, 4

love-songs 490 (409)

Lu Shunhong 陸順紅 viii, ix, 52, 58–59, 60, 61

see also Mr. Lu

lucky and unlucky days 528 (852)

see also astral deities

Luwo 陸斡 554 (1163)

Luoxu 鑼墟 40

lychees 598–599 (1790)

as tribute item 599 (1790)

see also commerce; fruit crops

Mạc 莫 court 40

see Vietnam

Madame Wa 34

main hall of the house, see house

mainland Southeast Asia 9, 18

maize 30, 488 (387), 579 (1472)

cultivation introduced 579 (1472)

maize kernels 586 (1576)

promoted by the emperor 579 (1472)

see also agricultural crops

making money 11

getting rich 602 (1846)

see commerce

making offerings 6, 7, 10, 11

malaria 31

see disease; tropical miasma

male-female interactions

accusations of infidelity 614 (1984)

always thinking of each other 542 (988)

angry remonstrance 496 (486)

banter 526 (824)

begrudge calling out 607 (1916)

eliciting the men’s feelings of love 497 (488)

empty words 524 (807, 808)

exaggerating 618 (2012)

expressing fears about men’s sincerity 524 (807)

flirting 566–567 (1304)

humour 526 (824)

joking 526 (824), 583 (1536), 600 (1816)

making fun of the other party 583 (1532)

men pessimistic 482 (308)

misled by confused ideas of other people 503 (580)

mutual recrimination 1

remonstrance and concern 479 (264)

testing the women out 604 (1868)

women trying to comfort the men 481 (288)

women optimistic 482 (308)

male-female relationships xviii, 1, 5, 11–12, 47

deep affection 497 (496)

transfer of affections 517 (744), 539 (960)

see also pair bonding; singing partners

male-female sexual relationships 4

see also sexual attraction; sexual intercourse

malfeasance 19

see chiefly governance

Man people 554 (1167)

see also Zhuang sub-groups

Manchu 1, 29

Mandarin 81

see readings, age and provenance

mandarin orange 613 (1978)

see also fruit crops

manor fields 18

manuscript

additional character 523 (803)

additional lines 587 (1588)

alternative readings of characters and lines 462 (68), 464 (96), 497 (496), 512 (670), 547 (1066)

character appears twice 579 (1473)

character crossed out 482 (308), 547 (1052), 550 (1096)

character written by mistake 471 (179), 487 (382), 498 (501), 499 (543), 504 (582), 514 (700, 703, 710), 519 (760), 555–556 (1178), 560 (1220), 573 (1395), 577 (1444, 1451), 587 (1588), 591 (1650), 593 (1687), 597 (1753), 601 (1823), 607 (1898), 619 (2021)

character written on top of another 495 (474), 499 (543), 525 (823), 532 (901), 538–539 (959), 546 (1051), 562 (1236), 581 (1489), 594 (1693), 595 (1694)

character written beside another 512 (671), 597–598 (1777)

characters out of place 588 (1613), 597 (1776)

cross-out marks 560 (1220)

female lyrics omitted 465 (108), 466 (113), 467–468 (141), 475 (216)

original readings 582 (1523–1524)

other readings 566 (1304)

position of two characters reversed 614 (1984)

same stanza written twice 555 (1177)

scribal error 518 (752), 537 (954), 586 (1576)

small character written at top of line 547 (1052)

small mark by the side 586 (1576)

transposition of stanzas 499 (533)

manuscripts, other ix, 2, 24, 36, 40, 56–58, 518 (752), 536 (932), 562 (1235), 582 (1523–1524), 611 (1951), 612 (1963)

alternate verses 476 (223–224), 536 (930), 572 (1367–1368)

different lyrics 611 (1951)

readings in other texts 501 (562), 565 (1298)

songbooks from other places 614 (1984)

Taiping village text 499–500 (547)

Tiandong text 9, 459 (57), 461 (64), 514 (700), 524 (809), 538 (958), 558 (1209)

Tianyang text 24

market town 10, 499 (539), 585 (1563)

market towns and wharves 572 (1372)

markets, periodic 462 (73), 591 (1650)

distribution 462 (73)

marking off names 587 (1595)

see demobilisation

marriage 503 (576), 519 (756)

birth of first child 503 (576)

going to father-in-law’s 519 (764)

husband’s house 519 (756)

incompatible marriage systems 5

marriage practice reform 5, 47

marrying themselves off 519 (756, 764)

parents arranging marriage 503 (578)

patrilocal 519 (756)

structural problem 521 (780)

Mashan 馬山 county viii, 7, 14, 15, 16, 22, 24, 26, 40, 61, 62, 450 (1), 474 (200)

Matching Song 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

matchlocks 35

see firearms; guns; weapons

Matou zhen 馬頭鎮 ix, 27, 43, 52, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 79, 451 (5), 469 (165), 481 (284), 546 (1048)

meaning of lines 531 (892), 550 (1096), 586–587 (1582), 598 (1779), 607 (1912), 620 (2023), 621 (2054)

alternative interpretations of lines 459 (57), 597 (1776), 590 (1634)

another layer of meaning 593–594 (1688)

double meaning 503 (576), 511–512 (667), 599 (1808)

double-entendre 561 (1228)

hidden level of meaning 512 (669)

measles 569 (1347)

see also disease

medicinal uses of plants 453 (9), 455 (17, 20), 456 (30), 460 (60), 589 (1626), 592 (1660), 592–593 (1668)

Melastoma 457 (33–34)

melodic contours 54–55

see music

melodic lines 52

melodic types 51

see Liaoge, song types

men

apologising 595 (1700)

being brazen 608 (1922)

bragging 579 (1479)

chatting 556–557 (1194)

earnest desires 598 (1779)

pessimistic 468 (152), 478 (248), 482 (304)

tired of war 536 (932)

worried 559 (1210)

see also male-female interactions

men and horses 550 (1097–1098)

see also horses

men and women, see male-female interactions; male-female relationships

men on foot 10

see native troops; military campaigns

mermaid’s tresses 482–483 (314)

see algae; aquatic plants

metals and mining

precious metal 490 (409)

see also gold; iron; lead; saltpetre; silver

metaphor 453 (10), 461–462 (68), 468 (150), 492 (426), 517 (744), 528 (858), 550 (1097–1098), 550–551 (1106), 551 (1107, 1114), 558 (1207–1208), 578 (1467), 579 (1472), 585 (1570), 586 (1576), 598 (1788), 608 (1917)

miasma, see tropical miasma

migrants from the north 8

see Han Chinese

migration pathways 624 (2083)

see also refugees

militarised societies 9

strictness of military administration 469 (160)

military campaigns 1, 2, 6, 8, 11, 22, 24, 28, 31, 32, 500–501 (561), 501 (564), 528 (858)

in other provinces 33, 522 (796)

in Annam 33

sending troop contingents to far-off places 540 (976)

military colonies 33

see ‘truncated fields’

military drills and exercises 552 (1115)

military households 555 (1176)

see also native troops

military outposts of Chinese empire 8

mimetic words and phrases 472 (189), 489 (395), 536 (935), 553 (1145–1146), 570 (1353), 617 (2009)

see also lexicon

Ming dynasty 1, 6, 15, 16, 16–20, 20–22, 22–23, 24, 26, 26–28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40

Ming court 23, 27, 31

Ming invasion of Vietnam 33

missions to the court 19

see native chieftaincies

moat 575 (1416)

see also fortifications

mobilisation

mobilisation order 468 (150)

see also call-up of native troops

modern counties, formation 8, 21

modern graphic innovations 78

see graphic phenomena and categories

mogong 9, 18, 528 (852)

mogong texts 526 (835)

see also religious practitioners

mole crickets 550 (1097–1098)

see also insects

money 472 (184), 472 (187–188)

getting money on campaign 602 (1846)

scrimping together money 595 (1696)

Mongol army 517 (738)

monocotyledons 580 (1481–1482)

moral teachings 49

mother sending her son off 530 (874)

mother-in-law 477 (232)

see also affines

moths and borers 487 (378)

see insects

mountain god 526 (835)

see also deities

mountain hollow people 29, 63, 64, 506 (614), 567–568 (1322), 570 (1354)

see Zhuang sub-groups

mountain hollows 506 (614)

see landforms; terrain

mountain products 568 (1324)

see landforms; terrain

Mountain Reeds 537–538 (954)

mountain valleys 8

see landforms; terrain

‘mountain waist’ 30

see landforms; terrain

mountainous terrain 9, 10, 29–31

mountaintops 493 (434)

see also survival

mouthguard 561 (1228)

see also eating and food

Mr. Huang (Qingzhu) 52, 60

first-time reading 498 (504)

pronunciation and advice on readings 462 (68, 71), 463 (91), 469–470 (166), 471 (179), 473 (191), 474 (200), 476 (223–224), 484 (354), 492 (427), 494 (450), 495 (474), 497 (496), 498 (504), 501 (562), 512 (670), 514 (700), 525 (819), 526 (825), 532 (905), 536 (930, 932), 538 (959), 543 (1000), 551 (1107), 554 (1164), 562 (1235), 566 (1304), 572 (1367–1368), 577 (1444), 578 (1465), 582 (1523–1524), 583 (1539–1540), 585 (1563), 590 (1634), 591 (1649, 1650), 593 (1687), 595 (1706), 597 (1753), 598 (1777, 1779), 601 (1823), 606 (1894), 609 (1927), 610 (1948), 611 (1951), 612 (1963), 614 (1984, 1986), 619 (2018), 623 (2068)

recitation based on the way his own text is recited 574 (1406), 591 (1649, 1650)

see also Huang Qingzhu

Mr. Lu (Shunhong) 574 (1406), 606 (1894)

see also Lu Shunhong

Mr. Lu and Mr. Huang agree 458 (57), 465 (108), 475 (216), 481 (284), 486 (372), 487 (382), 512 (671), 518 (752), 523 (803), 539 (964), 563 (1244), 573 (1375), 582 (1523–1524), 589 (1626), 607 (1898), 624 (2083)

mugwort 459 (59)

mulberry trees 470–471 (175)

use of bark 562 (1235)

see also fibre plants

multiplication sign 492 (427)

see also graphic phenomena and categories

müöng ‘domain’ 9, 533–534 (908)

see Tai chieftaincies

music 2, 6, 16, 36, 37, 49–53, 54–55

musical phrase structures 4, 51–52

musical score 54–55

musical style, see singing style

musicians 32

mutual visits between friends and relatives 608 (1917)

Nahai 那海 24, 492 (427)

Nahai Liao 那海嘹 51

see Liaoge, song types

names on a list 11

see call-up of native troops

Nandan 南丹 native chieftaincy 32, 454 (11), 516 (723)

Nanfang caomu zhuang 南方草木狀 613 (1978)

Nanfang yiwu zhi 南方異物志 580 (1481–1482)

Nanning 475 (219)

Nanning scholars 13

narrative, see Brigands’ Song

narrow transcription 70

natal household 519 (756)

native chieftaincies 1, 8, 16–20, 21, 23, 28, 33, 34, 53, 498 (511), 546 (1040), 624 (2083)

see also Anping, Encheng, Guide, Guohua, Jiucheng, Longying, Nandan, Shanglin, Si’en, Sicheng, Tianzhou, Xiawang, Zhenning

native chieftaincies, cultural and religious practices 17, 20, 27–28

native chieftaincies, internal social structure 17, 32–33

native chieftaincies, relations with court 17, 19–20, 27

native chieftaincy, occupational categories

see cannon-firers, firewood-getters, fodder suppliers, free townspeople, house-slaves, sedan-chair porters, serfs, timber-getters, water-carriers, wine-pourers

native chieftains 1, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 22–23, 26, 498 (511), 500–501 (561), 575 (1408), 586–587 (1582), 587–588 (1602)

lead troops personally in battle 10, 33, 34, 530 (878), 545–546 (1036)

native troops 1, 2, 9, 10, 12, 13, 22, 24, 30, 31, 32–33, 33–35, 469 (160), 542 (991)

clothing and equipment, see banner, hats and helmets, puttees, rainhats, socks, trousers, tunics

group dynamics 527–528 (851)

see also banner sacrifice; camaraderie; oaths

integral part of social order 9, 17–18, 32–33

internal organisation 34

raiding 32

running along after the headman 546 (1036)

serving as garrison troops 32, 33

natural disasters, see famine

negation

negative sentence patterns 616 (2002)

new chieftaincy 8

new king 473 (192)

New people 63

see also Pingguo population

New World crops 488 (387), 525 (819), 579 (1472), 593 (1676)

see agricultural crops

New Year period 523 (802), 608 (1917)

night markets 45

Night Songs 15, 36–37, 44–45

see Liaoge, repertoire

night watch 491 (420)

Ningwu 寧武 40

no benefit 602–603 (1846)

no choice 10, 501–502 (566), 521 (780), 552 (1116), 560 (1220)

no food, see eating and food

no means of returning 10

no money 561 (1223), 596 (1728)

see also retreat; returning home

Nong Minjian 農敏堅 ix, 3, 40, 45, 57, 61, 554 (1167)

Nong Zhigao 儂智高 8, 19

Non-Material Cultural Heritage 15

Northern Tai 452 (7), 456 (24), 494 (450), 505 (603), 515 (711), 610–611 (1948), 615 (1993)

see also Central Tai, Northern Zhuang dialects, Southwestern Tai

Northern Zhuang dialects 487 (378), 533 (908), 558 (1209), 567–568 (1322), 586 (1577)

lack of aspirated initials 487 (378), 557 (1195)

noun head for small objects 621 (2040)

noun phrase 588 (1613)

see also syntax

noun prefix 483 (335)

novel in verse 529 (866), 543 (1000)

numbers 554 (1163), 583 (1531)

empty number 581 (1492)

exaggerated numbers 582–583 (1530)

nutrition 593 (1680)

oaths 10

of steadfastedness in love 531 (892)

of mutual loyalty 531 (890)

wiping cockerel’s blood on their hands 531 (890)

obviation of bad luck 535 (920)

occasions of performance 1, 2, 44–45

occupational categories, see native chieftaincy, occupational categories

offerings

at the temple 527 (851)

to the ancestors 591 (1639)

to the banner 10, 527–528 (851)

official communications 474 (206)

see also chicken feather

official examinations 20

official pronunciation taught in schools 81

official seal 19, 586–587 (1582)

official titles 27

officials

high official out on tour 473 (191)

Zhuang term 473 (195)

Old Chinese (OC) 532 (906)

see readings, age and provenance

omens, see signs and portents

onomatopoeia 622 (2065)

oranges 613 (1978)

see also citrus fruit; fruit crops

ordinary people 1, 10, 523 (800), 523 (802)

orthodox Chinese rituals 20

see chiefly courts

orthodox succession 19

see inheritance

orthographic characters 83

see graphic phenomena and categories

ox year 521 (783)

ox-rope 510 (655)

oxen 521 (783)

pacification 17

pain of being separated 10

pair bonding 11–12, 462 (76), 470 (172)

going to town together 462 (76)

oath of steadfastedness in love 531 (892)

original love partner 470 (172)

other lovers 511 (664)

paying for lunch 462 (76)

reminded of their loving relationship 596 (1744)

sign of love relationship 525 (816)

see also betrothal gifts; male-female interactions; marriage

palisade 11

see fortifications

paper mulberry 470–471 (175), 562 (1235)

see fibre plants

paper-making 471 (175)

parallelism 51

parallel lines of verse 551 (1114), 587 (1602)

see also poetics

parting instructions, see instructions

parts of speech

particles 479 (264), 547 (1070)

particle demarcating the topic 508 (624)

pass (in the mountains) 553 (1154)

see also landforms; terrain

patron-client relationship 8–9

Paulownia 529 (866)

peddling cakes 10

see commerce

peddling fruit 10

people of the hollows 29

see mountain hollow people; Zhuang sub-groups

Perciformes family 574 (1406)

performance culture 2–6

period of separation 11

periodic markets, see markets, periodic

personal loyalty 19

personhood

being a respectable person 503 (580)

personnel policy changes 31

see tropical miasma

phonetic borrowing, see readings, major types

phonetic-semantic approximation, see readings, major types

phonetics, see Pingguo dialect

phonophore 466 (111), 490 (418)

see also graphic phenomena and categories

pigs 10, 11

pig’s ears 593 (1680)

pig’s head 585 (1563)

see domestic animals; eating and food

pillaging and looting 32

see native troops

pines and fir trees 30

see forests

Pingguo 平果 viii, ix, 2, 3, 7, 14–16, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 39, 40, 41–44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61–64

Pingguo Cultural Bureau 14

Pingguo dialect 64–77

allomorphs 547 (1070)

geographic distribution 54, 68–70

local pronunciation 450 (1), 451 (4), 495 (474), 504 (584), 516 (723), 559 (1211), 594–595 (1694)

affricate initials 70, 73, 456 (23), 477 (240)

allophones of nd- (Ɂd-) 451 (4), 554 (1164)

allophones of r- 67, 70, 71, 73, 450 (3)

dialect pronunciation of lij 504 (582)

dialect pronunciations of rwz 497–498 (501)

pronunciation of initial pl- 67, 69, 71, 73, 462 (71), 499 (523), 595 (1706)

retroflex ‘l’ 474 (202)

rhotic allophones 73, 452 (7)

vowels without centralising off-glide 76, 616 (1994)

local dialect words 79, 466 (112), 476 (227), 482 (298), 494 (460), 504–505 (588), 513 (672), 530 (874), 543 (992), 578 (1461), 581 (1513), 606 (1894)

dialect form of goj 547 (1070)

hajlai, dialect variant of haujlai 584 (1553)

mbaen ‘place’ 476 (227)

nengj ‘charred and gluey’ 584 (1547)

roggai ‘main hall’ 513 (683), 524 (809)

Pingguo dialects, other, see Bangxu dialect; Chengguanhua; Du’anhua; Haichenghua; Xin’anhua

Pingguo county, date established 62

Pingguo forest cover 30–31

Pingguo Liaoge series 3, 15, 57–58

Pingguo population, see Cantonese dialect speakers; Hakka; New People; Pinghua speakers; Yao; Zhuang population in Pingguo

Pingguo song markets 41–44, 625–629

Pingguo vegetation cover 30–31

Pingguo Working Committee to promote the Cultural Brand of Liaoge 41

Pinghua 平話 63, 81, 451 (7)

Pinghua dialects 81

Pinghua speakers 558 (1209)

Pinghua speakers from Binyang 63

see also readings, age and provenance, readings from PH

Pingma zhen 平馬鎮 498 (515)

Pingzhi 平治 county 22, 62

Pingzhi 平治 River 62, 507 (615)

place-names xviii–xix, 22, 24, 29, 36, 53, 73, 451 (6), 462 (73), 469 (165), 480 (276), 481 (284), 486 (372), 496 (483), 497 (491, 499), 498 (507, 515), 498–499 (523), 499 (531, 539), 499–500 (547), 545 (1034), 546 (1048), 547 (1064, 1072), 548 (1081), 554 (1163), 571 (1361), 594 (1691)

location unknown 594 (1691)

place-names in Zhuang 480 (276)

plantains and wild bananas 580 (1481–1482)

see fruit crops

plants

outer growing tips 492 (426)

plant roots 455 (18)

planted commercially 599 (1790)

plants and plant names 30, 452–453 (9), 455 (20), 456–457 (30), 457 (33–34), 614–615 (1986)

plants that grow in clumps 504 (586)

tender shoots 538 (958)

see also Artemisia, banyan tree, black tallow tree, brambles, bush cotton, Chickweed, Chinese Bead Grass, Cochinchinese Cudrania, Cockspur Thorn, cogon-grass, Common Bombax, Common Chickweed, Common Turmeric, Cotton Tree, dragon-eye fruit, duckweed, dye plants, Eagle Thorn, eucalypts, Fortune Paulownia, Giant Cane, grasses, indigo, kapok tree, Large-leaf Banyan, Large-leaf Flemingia, long grasses, longan (dragon-eye) fruit, loquat, lotus leaf, lychees, monocotyledons, Mountain Reeds, mugwort, Mermaid’s Tresses, mulberry trees, paper mulberry, pine and fir trees, plantains and wild bananas, pomelo, purslane, Red Bayberry, Rose Myrtle, short grasses, shrubs, small-leafed banyan, smartweed, strawberrries, sugar cane, sweet bamboo, sweet potato, tall grasses, thatch-grass, tree cotton, Trifoliate orange trees, turmeric, wampee, watermelons, Waterfall Millet, White Bamboo, wild banana, wild peony, woody indigo, yellow ginger

plough 516 (732), 544 (1022)

see also agriculture

Pojun 破軍 the Destroyer of Armies 528 (852)

see also astral deities

poetics

poetic structure 49–51

poetic form of expression 24, 496 (484), 521 (783), 597 (1770)

see also abbreviated forms of expression; elaborate expressions

poets, Chinese-style 28

see also sinification

political units 8–9, 26, 62

Polygonaceae 489 (394)

pomelo 570–571 (1355)

see also citrus fruit; commerce

ponds 509 (644)

poor families 560 (1220), 570 (1354)

Poor Family Songs 36

see Liaoge, repertoire

popular literacy 26, 28

porters 32, 572 (1372)

see logistics; native troops

postal stations (yìzhàn 驛站) 474 (207), 481 (284)

Potang 坡塘 parish 39

potassium nitrate 568 (1323)

see saltpetre

Pozao 坡造 484 (348), 629

pragmatics

counterfactual 557–558 (1206)

counter-factual conditional sentence 472 (187–188)

praise and blame

blame for disorder 476 (223–224)

popular outrage and condemnation 23

praying for peace 7

pre-glottalised initial 67

see Pingguo dialect

prefectures 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 474 (200), 484 (348), 499 (547), 547 (1058)

prefectural city 553 (1161)

prefectural yamen 553 (1161)

preparing to take leave 10

prepositions 475 (219), 541 (981)

previous editions 56–58

see Brigands’ Song

price of iron 485 (363)

see iron; metals and mining

priests 1

primary schools 578 (1461)

principal wife 19

see inheritance

promotion 27, 581 (1492)

meritorious conduct 575 (1408)

praise and promotion 574 (1403)

pronouns

first person pronoun 503 (576), 518 (752)

head for personal pronouns 504 (584)

plural personal pronoun 501 (562)

singular pronoun mwngz 523 (803)

proper people 10, 29, 49, 503–504 (580), 504 (582)

prosperous people 555 (1170)

protective amulets and blessings 506 (612)

proto-Tai (PT) 483 (338), 484 (354), 490 (418), 508 (628)

PT initials 458 (51), 461 (64, 65), 464 (91), 503 (576), 537 (947), 559 (1211), 570 (1355), 606 (1894)

PT tone categories 50, 498 (513)

provincial boundary 542 (991)

native troops deployed widely 542 (991)

purslane 539 (962)

putting rice in a bag 10

see refugees

puttees 10, 509 (650)

see native troops, clothing and equipment

putting down rebellions 1, 8, 22, 33

see military campaigns

Qiaoli 喬利 22, 24, 26, 28, 40, 474 (200, 204), 498 (507), 534 (914), 545 (1034)

Qiaoli 橋禮 village 39

Qin dynasty 8

Qing dynasty 2, 9, 16, 28, 30, 62, 63, 488 (387), 525 (819), 542 (911), 571 (1355, 1361), 597 (1753)

Qingming 清明 festival 521 (780), 533 (907)

radically simplified graphs 83

see graphic phenomena and categories

raiding expeditions 32

killing, setting fires, and pillaging 562 (561)

see native troops

rain and mist 10

see also dangers on the march

rain hats 465–466 (111), 528 (858)

ramie and cotton 576 (1427)

see fibre plants; spinning and weaving

ranks of people 9

rations 2, 10

see also logistics; native troops

rations insufficient 11

weighing the rice 549 (1088)

readings, age and provenance 81

age of reading in doubt 560 (1219)

readings from Early Mandarin 454 (12), 458 (43), 543 (992), 610 (1944)

readings from EM and PH 450 (1)

readings from Middle Chinese

from Middle Chinese (MC) 451–452 (7), 458 (35), 473 (194), 484 (347), 509 (636), 511 (664), 520 (770), 554 (1163), 579 (1474), 599 (1800)

from MC and EM 478 (251)

from MC and PH 451 (7), 452 (8), 457 (30), 460 (61), 473 (195), 478 (258), 492 (427), 494 (458), 510 (660), 519 (760), 524 (810), 545 (1026), 553 (1145–1146), 582 (1527)

from MC or PH 474 (206), 483 (346), 537 (948), 553 (1154), 612 (1960)

from MC via PH 472 (190), 490 (411)

from Early Middle Chinese (EMC) 450 (1), 450–451 (3), 452 (9), 461 (64, 65), 464 (91), 466 (122), 474 (207), 480 (276), 494 (441, 458), 496 (485), 497 (488), 500 (561), 503 (577, 580), 507 (623), 508 (628), 509 (634), 510 (655), 515 (711), 517 (742), 519 (760), 520 (778), 529 (869–870), 551 (1107), 554 (1164), 557 (1195), 566 (1300), 570 (1354), 572 (1364), 577 (1432), 583 (1539–1540), 584 (1545), 585 (1564), 601 (1827), 609 (1942), 619 (2019)

from EMC and PH 451 (3), 452 (7), 464 (99), 492 (421, 424), 510 (659), 556 (1186), 570 (1355), 612 (1954)

from EMC and local PH 452 (8), 456(26), 479 (266), 548 (1076), 617–618(2010)

from EMC and Mashan PH 520 (766)

from EMC or PH 512–513 (672)

from EMC via PH 585 (1562), 593 (1676), 600 (1809)

from EMC via local PH 541 (984)

from EMC and LMC 498 (523), 509 (638), 530 (875)

readings with EMC vowel 520 (774)

from Late Middle Chinese (LMC) 475 (209)

from LMC and PH 463 (90), 478 (261), 524 (810), 562 (1234)

from LMC or EM 515 (723)

from LMC via PH 506 (603), 526 (825)

from LMC, EM, PH and HV 522 (790)

readings from Mandarin 458 (36), 483 (319, 335, 347), 510 (655), 513 (672), 605 (1878, 1890), 608 (1920), 610 (1944)

readings from Mandarin or PH 610 (1944)

readings from Pinghua (PH) 450 (1), 451 (4), 455 (20), 457 (32, 33–34), 478 (51), 459 (59), 461 (64), 465 (107), 466 (112), 467 (124), 469 (164), 474 (207), 477 (240), 479 (262, 266, 268), 480–481 (282), 481 (290), 490 (418), 493 (433), 495 (468, 475), 500 (556), 502 (571, 575), 503 (576), 504–505 (588), 507 (622), 510 (659), 514 (707), 520 (774), 522 (791), 525 (819), 526 (835), 527 (842), 535 (920), 538 (956), 544 (1008), 551 (1107), 556 (1191), 559 (1212), 560 (1222), 569 (1340, 1346), 570 (1354), 574 (1403), 578 (1465), 580 (1481–1482), 584 (1545, 1547), 595 (1694), 603 (1857), 604 (1868), 607 (1916), 608 (1920), 609 (1935), 610 (1944), 620 (2033)

from Binyang PH 469 (160), 544 (1008), 544 (1019), 548 (1083)

from local PH 460 (60)

from Mashan PH 463 (91)

from Nanning PH 457 (32), 502 (575), 540 (972)

readings from school pronunciation 476–477 (228)

readings from Southwest Mandarin (SWM) 451 (4), 459 (57), 460 (63), 463 (84), 464 (92), 467 (123), 470 (166), 471 (176), 472 (186), 475 (218), 476 (227), 478 (248), 480 (271), 483 (339), 485 (362, 363), 489 (395, 402), 491 (418), 493 (428), 502 (571), 504 (582), 508 (624), 528 (851, 860), 532 (905), 540 (972), 543 (992), 545 (1030), 557 (1204), 558 (1207–1208), 576 (1420), 577 (1450), 594 (1691), 596 (1736, 1747), 600 (1809), 605 (1882), 609 (1941), 610 (1944), 612 (1966), 623 (2068)

from SWM or MC or PH 508 (630)

see also Hán-Việt (HV) readings

readings, major types 78–79, 81–82, 82–84

see also graphic-phonetic series, synonym substitution

approximate phonetic reading 463 (84), 515 (716), 535 (922)

catalytic readings 79, 453 (11), 474–475 (209), 476 (228), 546 (1040), 557 (1194), 562 (1232), 564 (1272), 565 (1298), 593 (1668), 610 (1947), 612 (1964), 620 (2023, 2033)

phonetic reading 78, 83, 594 (1691), 608 (1921)

phonetic reading based on Zhuang 465–466 (111), 480 (282), 493 (428), 496 (479), 529 (869–870), 564 (1266), 609 (1942)

phonetic-semantic approximation 79, 480 (274), 564 (1272), 598 (1779)

re-borrowing, see serial borrowings (below)

semantic readings 78–79, 451 (4), 454 (12, 16), 455 (17), 456 (23), 458 (40), 459 (59), 461 (64), 462 (70, 71, 72), 464 (96), 465 (108), 466 (112, 121), 467 (125), 469 (160, 166), 470 (173), 472 (190), 474 (200), 475 (219), 477 (236, 247), 482 (311), 484 (350, 354), 485 (364), 486 (370), 487 (379, 384), 488 (388), 491 (419, 420), 492 (424), 493 (434, 436), 494 (450), 495 (466), 503 (578), 504 (586), 505 (593), 506 (613), 508 (628, 629), 509 (636), 510 (658), 514 (703), 515 (719, 723), 516 (732), 520 (777), 523 (803), 524 (808), 525 (811), 527 (841, 845, 848), 532–533 (906), 533 (908), 534 (910), 535 (926), 537 (946, 947), 540 (975), 542 (987), 543 (1008), 544 (1024), 546 (1040), 547 (1066), 548 (1074), 550 (1106), 553 (1142, 1145–1146), 554 (1164), 557 (1199), 559 (1211), 560 (1219), 563 (1252), 564 (1267), 569 (1338), 570 (1355), 573 (1401), 574 (1406), 577 (1435), 578 (1457), 582 (1522), 584 (1542, 1549), 585 (1570), 586 (1572, 1574), 591 (1649), 595 (1706, 1714), 600 (1809, 1820), 601 (1823), 602 (1839), 604 (1868), 607 (1898, 1906), 608 (1921), 610 (1946, 1948), 615 (1987), 618 (2011), 619 (2018), 620 (2028), 621 (2038), 622 (2055)

semantic reading based on Zhuang 564 (1267)

serial borrowings 79, 83, 453 (10, 11), 454 (13), 467 (125), 469 (158), 470 (173), 477 (236), 489 (403), 494 (458), 508 (628), 509 (644), 510 (654), 518 (748), 527 (841), 530 (882), 532 (904), 546 (1042), 563 (1244), 564 (1267), 573 (1401), 578 (1457), 585 (1570), 586 (1572), 589 (1626), 591 (1649), 594 (1691), 598 (1779), 602 (1834), 604 (1868), 610 (1945), 617 (2009), 620 (2028), 622 (2055)

phonetic readings re-borrowed semantically 79, 83, 489 (403), 518 (748), 521 (787), 530 (882), 532 (904), 546 (1042), 563 (1244), 592 (1668), 601 (1823), 618 (2011), 618 (2015)

semantic readings re-borrowed phonetically 79, 83, 467 (125), 469 (158), 470 (173), 477 (236), 480 (278, 282), 487 (378), 493 (428), 504–505 (588), 508 (628), 509 (644), 510 (654), 522 (789), 527 (841), 529 (869–870), 530 (871), 548 (1082), 554 (1164), 559 (1211), 562 (1234), 571 (1357), 573 (1401), 578 (1457), 584 (1553), 585 (1570), 586 (1570, 1572, 1574), 600 (1820), 601 (1823), 604 (1868), 606 (1894), 609 (1942), 617 (2009), 620 (2028), 622 (2055)

rebellions 1, 8, 22, 33, 542 (991)

aftermath 33

producing a king 473 (191)

suppression of large-scale rebellions 555 (1171)

recitation

see also Mr. Huang

read first time through 505 (593), 514 (700), 591 (1649)

initially read as bangx ‘side’ 598 (1779)

original reading mistaken 539 (964)

reversing order in recitation 474 (200, 204)

recruitment 479 (262), 520–521 (780)

Red Bayberry 529 (866)

cultivated varieties 529 (866)

red soil 540 (969)

Reform Period 14

refugees 8, 28, 29, 495 (468)

home area unliveable 523 (802)

place of refuge 495 (468)

regional culture 2–6, 27–28

regular Chinese troops 12, 23, 26, 33, 34, 35, 500–501 (561)

see also imperial troops

regular script xvii, 77

relations of trust 18

relation between ruler and commoners 9

religious activity

burning incense 526 (825)

see also offerings, sacrifice

religious practitioners, see Daoist priests, mogong, ritual masters

re-location of chieftaincies 32, 33

requisitioning of rice 548–549 (1083)

see also logistics

Republican period 21

rescue of wandering spirits 6, 11, 590–591 (1636)

see also unnatural death

respect 3

retreat 11, 586–587 (1582), 587 (1595)

order for retreat 586–587 (1582)

situation after order to retreat 588 (1619)

Retreat, ritual of 6, 7

returning home 6, 11, 536 (932)

hurrying along the road at night 621 (2054)

left to fend for themselves 597 (1752)

supplementing meagre subsistence 570 (1354)

rewards and promotion 27, 575 (1408), 581 (1492)

calculating military merit 34

see also native troops

rhetorical questions 486 (368), 563–564 (1256)

rhyme 50, 450–451 (3), 495 (467), 510 (658), 512 (670, 671), 515 (716), 558 (1207–1208), 591 (1650), 621 (2040)

rhyming rules 50, 617 (2009)

see also poetics

rice

panicles 487 (378, 379)

rice bin 501 (563)

rice chaff 548 (1083)

rice crop 487 (378), 489 (402)

diseases 488 (386), 489 (402)

planting 521 (780)

rice plants in ear 487 (379)

rice stubble 617 (2010)

de-husked 548 (1083)

rice dumplings 458 (36)

rice grains 548 (1083)

rice husks 548 (1083)

rice infested with bugs 501 (563)

rice merchants and pedlars 572 (1361)

rice noodles 465 (75)

rice, poor quality 548 (1083)

rice straw bundles 530 (874)

transplanting rice seedlings 523 (802)

unhulled rice 487 (379)

pounding unhulled rice 548 (1083)

Right River 右江 region 6, 8, 15, 20–22, 26

see also Youjiang

ritual 1, 4, 6, 7, 18, 20, 23, 37, 78, 527 (840)

ritual of deliverance 590 (1636)

see also unnatural death

ritual masters 6, 528 (852)

see also religious practitioners

Ritual of Retreat 6, 7

ritual pledges of loyalty 10, 19, 531 (890)

see native chieftain, relations with court; oaths

ritual specialists attached to chiefly court 18

see also mogong

rivers 8, 30, 453 (10), 486 (372), 558 (1207–1208)

river port 499 (531)

road ants 550–551 (1106)

see insects

Road Songs 36, 44

see Liaoge, repertoire

rock formations 496 (483)

see also landforms, terrain

rolling down the gate 11

Roman alphabetic letters 60, 78, 476–477 (228), 482 (299), 483 (346), 503 (577), 516 (728), 537 (954), 538 (958), 578 (1461), 618 (2010, 2015)

see also graphic phenomena and categories

Rose Myrtle 457 (33), 495 (467)

roosters, see cockerels

roving or slubbing 508 (629)

see also spinning and weaving

rumours 10, 472 (189), 476 (220)

mistaken ideas 602–603 (1846)

running away 10, 28, 495 (468)

see refugees

running hand 77

see cursive writing; graphic phenomena and categories

Ruwu 褥午 parish 39

sacred tree 455 (17)

sacrifice of animals 10, 11, 527 (851)

saddle or pass 541–542 (985)

see also landforms; terrain

safety 556 (1192)

see also survival

saltpetre 2, 507 (620), 568 (1323)

knowledge of saltpetre 568 (1330)

loaded into bamboo containers 568–569 (1332)

production 568–569 (1332)

production mandated 569 (1332)

technique for collecting 568 (1330)

traditional production method 568 (1323)

transported 569 (1332)

see also firearms; gunpowder

saltpetre merchants 568 (1330)

saying good-bye 513 (674)

scholars, local 13

script

representing sounds of speech 79

initial r- representation 453 (10), 488 (386)

small number of brushstrokes preferred 78, 79, 470 (168), 489 (402), 495 (467), 598 (1779), 599–600 (1808), 614 (1983)

see also graphic phenomena and categories; graphic representation of Zhuang initials and finals

seal of office

referring to the native official 587 (1602)

seal of Zhaicheng 586–587 (1582)

seating

extra tables in courtyard 565 (1288)

sedan chair 10, 32, 531 (899)

see also transport

sedan-chair porters 32

see native chieftaincy, occupational categories

seizing people 567 (1307)

seizing girls 567 (1307)

see also raiding expeditions; native troops

self-deprecation 559 (1210)

self reference, see terms of address and reference

self-protection 10

see survival

selling

see also commerce

selling direct 576 (1427)

selling guns 11

selling personal belongings 11, 596 (1728, 1744), 597 (1752)

semantic borrowing 78

see readings, major types

semantics

basic meaning of words 458 (40), 472 (190), 486 (368), 491 (420), 492 (426), 497 (496), 503 (716), 506 (612), (735), 519 (756, 760), 533 (908), 542 (987), 544 (1016), 566 (1304), 575 (1416), 585 (1559, 1570), 588 (1619), 589 (1626), 592 (1660), 599 (1800), 618 (2011)

basic meaning of hoiq ‘slave, serf’ 503 (576)

semantic connection 618 (2011)

approximation 517 (738)

association 532 (904), 556 (1178)

semantic fields 455 (17), 532 (905), 599 (1790)

semantically-motivated borrowing 535 (926)

spacial semantics 524 (809)

semi-cursive writing

see cursive writing; graphic phenomena and categories

serfs 18

see native chieftaincy, occupational categories

sesame 613 (1982)

see also agricultural crops; commerce

‘settled lands’ 542 (991)

sexual attraction 4, 607 (1896)

sexual intercourse 4, 511 (660)

cultural association with forest 4

Shanxin 山心 27, 41

Shanglin 上林 county 18, 22

Shanglin native chieftaincy 21

Shanglin native chieftaincy (NW) 23

sheath blight disease 488 (386)

see diseases of rice

shoes 509 (642), 511 (667), 525 (816), 526 (824), 563 (1240), 596 (1745)

shopping 541 (977)

shops 4, 463 (84), 541 (977)

see also commerce

short grasses 508 (628), 538 (958)

shrubs 504 (586)

Shuangqiao 雙橋 40, 477 (240)

Shuoliang 朔良 parish 39

Shuowen jiezi 說文解字 460 (60)

Si’en 思恩 native prefecture 16, 20, 23, 24, 26–28, 29, 33, 40, 81, 474 (200), 480 (276), 594 (1691)

Si’en Confucian school 27, 28, 81

Si’en sub-prefecture 27

Sicheng 泗城 native prefecture 23, 26, 480 (276)

signs and portents 10, 481 (288), 482 (298, 304), 484 (347), 486 (371), 489 (394), 548 (1083), 549 (1092)

sign of disorder 482 (298)

sign of impending death 596 (1718)

sign that war inevitable 473 (192)

see also abnormalities

Silin 思林 6, 10, 13, 22, 30, 38, 62, 476 (227), 527 (835), 548 (1081)

Silin 思林 county 22

Silin zhen 思林鎮 6, 10, 13, 30, 38, 496 (483)

Siamese 533 (906)

sideline production for local markets 570 (1354)

see commerce

silver 452 (8), 490 (409)

as term of endearment 452 (8), 497 (496), 549 (1087)

silver ingots 490 (409)

see also metals and mining

simplified characters, unique 79

found in early manuscripts 454 (13), 492 (421)

see also graphic phenomena and categories

singing antiphonally ix, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 36, 44, 45, 48, 51, 57, 58, 59, 60

singing contests 2, 3, 5, 48, 59

singing partners viii, 3, 4, 10, 47, 48, 60, 61

singing style ix, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 35–36, 39–40, 48, 51–52

sinification 20

sinified Zhuang 4, 5

Sipsong Panna 18

slaughter of civilian populations 22, 23, 29, 33

see also rebellions

sling 531 (899)

see also transport

slivers 508 (629)

see cotton; spinning and weaving

small-leafed banyan 455 (17), 612 (1960)

small-scale buying and selling 11, 570 (1354), 570–571 (1355)

see also commerce

smartweed 489 (394)

social history investigation reports 17, 18, 29, 526 (835)

social practices 1, 4–5

social and family obligations 18, 503–504 (580)

social rank 9, 18

social ranks free and unfree 9

social reproduction 5

socks 10, 509 (634)

see native troops, clothing and equipment

soldiers and brigands 12, 500–501 (561)

song and singing 2

as an indicator of identity 3

song culture, fluid state 601 (1823)

song corpus 13, 37, 44–45

Song dynasty 8, 9, 31, 599 (1790)

song festivals, see song markets

song lyrics

as compendium of cultural knowledge 37

as a reflection of male-female dialogue 11–12

description of battle 11, 34

fixed lyrics as a feature of Liaoge 6

historical background 1, 8–9, 16–20, 20–22

layout in present manuscript 58–59

lyrics related to specific historical campaign 24

recited by Huang Qingzhu 60–61

social function 26

translated into five-syllable verse 53, 56

women’s lyrics left out of songbooks 49

written in a form accessible in performance 79

song markets 1, 2–6, 6–7, 14, 41–44, 44–47, 48–49, 51, 61, 62, 470 (172), 625–629

song markets, northern 61

song modes, regional 6, 39–40, 51–52

Song of Parting and Disorder 12, 13, 15

see Brigands’ Song, previous editions

Song of the Hours 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

song partners, see singing partners

song repertoire 3, 5, 6, 40, 44–47, 48, 51, 57, 58

courting songs 3, 37, 511 (660)

song slopes 43, 44

songbooks 5, 14, 15, 16, 24, 39, 49, 56, 57

Songs for Entering the Village 36, 45

see Liaoge, repertoire

Songs for Opening the Ten Sluice-gates 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

Songs for Praising the Village 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

songs in traditional Zhuang style 4–5, 12

Songs of Offering 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

Songs of Parting 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

Songs of the Third Month 37

see Liaoge, repertoire

Southern Zhuang dialects 61, 67, 68–69, 80, 456 (24), 525 (818), 559 (1211), 577 (1443)

see also Zhuang language

Southwestern Mandarin 81, 563 (1244)

see readings, age and provenance

Southwestern Tai 525 (818)

spatial deixis

upstream 475 (219)

spindle whorls 576 (1427)

see spinning and weaving

spinning and weaving 508 (629), 576 (1427)

spaces between the threads 510 (655)

spin and weave into cloth 576 (1427)

see also fibre plants; hook; loom; roving or slubbing; spindle whorls

spirit shelf 514 (691), 526 (833)

spiritual wilderness 7

see unnatural death

squad 34

see native troops, internal organisation

spring water 482 (298)

staging posts 500 (547)

stanzas 2, 11, 36, 39, 49, 50, 51–55, 56, 58, 521 (783)

see Liaoge

status and obligations 18

Stems and Branches, see Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches

stinkbugs 564 (1268)

see insects

stockade 493 (428)

see also fortifications

stone inscriptions 453 (10), 467 (124)

stone masons 32

see craftsmen

stone walls 29

see also fortifications

strategic importance 481 (284)

stratified societies 9, 18

see native chieftaincies

strawberries 455 (18)

see also fruit crops

strict discipline 34

see native troops, internal organisation

strongholds 26

see also fortifications

substitution within graphic-phonetic series, see graphic-phonetic series; readings, major categories

suffering of ordinary people 23

cries of distress 544 (1008)

sugar cane 30, 617 (2010)

see agriculture; commerce

Sugar-cane people 63, 558 (1209)

see Pingguo, population

sunstroke 515 (723)

see disease

survival 28, 29

avoiding soldiers and brigands 493 (434)

being careful 567 (1320)

survival strategies 29, 34

sweet and salty flavour 514 (700)

Sweet Bamboo 561 (1231)

see also bamboo

sweet potato 30

sweet-potato greens 593 (1676)

see agricultural crops

swords 10, 11, 578 (1465)

see weapons

symptoms of disease 456 (30), 602 (1835)

see also disease

synonym substitution 83, 453–454 (11), 463 (81), 489 (395), 492 (427), 506 (608), 507 (622), 513 (682), 514 (700), 518 (748), 532 (904), 582 (1523–1524), 585 (1554), 591 (1650), 596 (1724)

see also readings, major types

syntax

double negative 515 (720)

emphatic negative 467 (128)

word order Chinese 596 (1747)

Tai (Zhuang) languages 9, 493 (435), 577 (1435)

Tai chieftaincies 8–9, 16–17

Tai political culture 18–20

Tai rhyming pattern 50

see also rhyme

Taiping 太平 parish (Pingguo) 29, 52, 62, 68

Taiping prefecture 26

Taiping village 28, 39, 44, 65, 499 (547)

Taipingjiao 太平醮 ritual 6

see unnatural death

Taiping zhen 28, 29, 44, 57, 58, 481 (284)

Tai-speaking chiefly families 18, 32

Tai-speaking chiefly lineages 9

Tai-speaking chieftaincies 18

Tai-speaking people 36, 511 (660)

Tai-speaking ruling stratum 32

Tai-style chieftaincies 9, 23

tall grasses 538 (958)

see also cogon-grass, thatch-grass

Tan Shaoming 譚紹明 57, 58, 459 (57), 506 (614)

Tang dynasty 8, 460 (60)

Tangneng 塘能 village 65

Tày 40, 80, 452 (7), 550 (1097–1098)

Tày and Nùng scripts 80

see script

teaching within families 48–49

teasing 1, 462–463 (80), 583 (1536)

teasing the men 619 (2016), 620 (2024)

see also male-female interactions

temple school 27

temples 526–527 (835), 528 (851)

see also Cenhoumiao; Cenhousi

terms of address and reference 470 (168), 495 (461), 497 (488), 497 (496)

gvang ‘lord, master’ 470 (168), 516 (733)

hujgeiq referring to fellow members of same squad 538 (956)

men address women as nuengx 517 (739)

self reference 12, 511 (660)

term of address used reflexively 547 (1068)

term of respect 516 (733)

term used to refer to unmarried people 470 (172)

terms of endearment

term for beloved 451 (7), 452 (8), 490 (409)

term of affection 495 (461), 519 (759), 549 (1087), 588 (1603)

terrain

climate and terrain familiar 9, 30

rough terrain 619 (2018)

terrain of Pingguo area 30–31

see also landforms

territorial amalgamations 32

see native chieftaincies

territorial administration 474 (207)

thatch-grass 508 (628), 537–538 (954), 538 (958), 614–615 (1986), 620 (2026)

thatch-grass shoots 538 (958)

see also cogon-grass

thieves (盜 dào) 12

thorny plants 456–457 (30), 493 (434), 589 (1626)

function of puttees 509 (650)

thorn bushes 11, 504 (586)

thorn hedges 456 (30)

thorny branches 545 (1030)

see also plants

Three Kingdoms period 484 (354)

Three Treasures 624 (2087)

see also deities

throat 461 (64), 512 (669), 535 (922)

as organ of thought and temper 512 (669)

Tiandeng 天等 county 61, 499 (539), 624 (2083)

Tiandong 田東 county 2, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 26, 35, 36, 39, 44, 61

Tiandong County Cultural Bureau 13

Tiandong song lyrics 476 (227)

Tiandong text 13, 39, 56–57, 514 (700)

see also manuscripts, other

Tiandong villages singing Liaoge 39

Tian’en 天恩 594 (1691)

Tianyang 田陽 6, 15, 20, 24, 35, 36, 38, 40, 61, 70, 73, 529 (866), 537 (954), 543 (1000), 571 (1361), 609 (1927), 627

Tianyang county 7, 26

Tianyang mode (fwen Nganx) 6, 35, 36, 40

see song modes, regional

Tianyang text 24

see manuscripts, other

Tianzhou 田州 native chieftaincy 11, 20, 22, 23, 26, 33, 34, 35, 40, 81, 571 (1361)

Tianzhou region scripts 78, 81

Tianzhou, sacking of 22, 23

see Ming dynasty

tiger 521 (781), 559 (1217)

see animals

tiger year 521 (781)

timber-getters 32

see native chieftaincy, occupational categories

times of turmoil 6, 10, 29

title, meaning of 12

see Brigands’ Song

tobacco 525 (819)

production, commercial 525 (819)

see also agriculture; commerce

tone values 65, 68, 69, 70

see Pingguo dialect

Tonglao 同老 parish 39

tours of inspection 522 (796)

trading timber and charcoal 568 (1324)

see also commerce; markets, periodic

tradition of literacy 13, 26, 27–28

see Si’en

traditional cultural knowledge 3, 4, 37, 48–49

training and battle technique 33–35

see native troops

Training Centre for the Cultural Transmission of Pingguo Liaoge 59

transmission of singing knowledge 48–49

see Liaoge

transport 2, 10, 30, 63

by boat 540 (976), 572 (1372)

for heavy items 572 (1372)

see also bicycles, boats, horses, sedan chair, sling

travel on mountain road 536 (930)

tree cotton 484–485 (354)

see also cotton

tribute gifts 19

see native chieftaincies, relations with court

Trifoliate-orange trees 560 (1222)

tropical miasma 9, 31

see disease

trousers 10

see native troops, clothing and equipment

‘truncated fields’ 33

see rebellions, aftermath

tunics 10

see native troops, clothing and equipment

Tuolu River 馱盧河 481 (284)

Tuolu zhen 馱盧鎮 481 (284)

Tuopu 馱朴 481 (284)

Tuopu 馱朴 chiefly domain 481 (284)

turmeric 533 (907)

Twelve Earthly branches 37

see Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches

two values for checked tones 65

see Pingguo dialect

two-stage borrowings 79

see readings, major types

umbrellas 468 (150), 523 (803), 524 (807)

undertaking joint military operations

see native troops

unnatural death 7, 569 (1348)

haunting the family 591 (1636)

making offerings to wandering spirits 590 (1633)

process of rescuing souls of dead soldiers 590 (1636)

souls of those who died in battle 590 (1635)

unorthodoxy 19

see native chieftaincies, relations with court

valley kingdoms 9, 533–534 (908)

see native chieftaincies

variant characters, see allographs

vegetation 588 (1619)

on hillsides 540 (969)

vernacular characters, regional systems 79

vernacular Chinese handwriting 477–478 (247), 502 (574), 531–532 (899)

vernacular simplifications 83–84, 509 (644), 532 (905), 537 (950), 549 (1091), 575 (1416), 613 (1982)

vernacular variants 453 (10), 454 (12, 16), 461 (64), 462 (71), 467 (124, 128), 473 (196), 474–475 (209), 477 (244), 490–491 (418), 491 (420), 493 (433), 495 (461), 497 (496), 500 (561), 505 (592), 507 (615), 513 (683) 516 (728), 520 (770), 524 (808), 531–532 (899), 540 (968), 541 (980), 542 (991), 546 (1040), 552 (1124), 557 (1203), 570 (1353), 571 (1357), 572 (1372), 578 (1461), 607 (1839, 1898), 609 (1942), 622 (2058)

see also graphic phenomena and categories

vernacular Zhuang graphs, see Zhuang vernacular script, Zhuang graphs

versifying 3

see poetics

Vietnam vii, x, 5, 8, 18, 26, 33, 40, 80, 481 (284), 550 (1097)

Vietnam campaign, early Ming 33, 40

participation of Zhuang native troop contingents 33

Vietnamese 18

village fortifications 487 (374), 491 (418)

see also fortifications

village gate 10

villages in different institutional categories 18, 32

see native chieftaincy

villages of native troops on confiscated land 555 (1171)

village overseers 498 (511)

violent deaths 590–591 (1636)

see unnatural death

voice production techniques 4

see song; music

voiced initials in EMC 461 (64), 461 (65), 464 (91), 464 (99), 484 (354), 491 (418), 508 (628), 566 (1300), 570 (1355), 614 (1983)

see also readings, age and provenance

volley firing technique 578 (1468), 586 (1572)

see firearms

vowel metathesis 452 (7), 462 (73), 517 (742)

wages in money 493 (428)

waist rhyming 50

see poetics

walled city 564 (1272)

wampee 455 (20)

Wande 萬德 native chieftaincy 484 (348)

wandering spirits 6, 11

see unnatural death

Wang Shouren 王守仁 1, 22, 573 (1378)

Wang Yangming 王陽明 (Wang Shouren) 1, 34

see Wang Shouren

war and strife 10, 478 (248), 482 (304)

attitude to war 536 (932)

war breaking out, location 477 (240)

wars of amalgamation 32

wars of aggrandisement 32

warnings

acting without restraint 517 (744)

warning each other 10, 567 (1320)

see also male-female interactions

warp 508 (631)

see spinning and weaving

Wa-shi furen 瓦氏夫人 see Madame Wa

water-carriers 32

see native chieftaincies, occupational categories

watermelons 30

see agriculture

water silk 482–483 (314)

see algae; aquatic plants

Waterfall Millet 552–553 (1139)

waterlogging 577 (1450)

water-source 451 (6)

way-stations 10

weapons 2, 33–35

carrying weapons 489 (403), 489 (407)

see also bullets; bush-knife; cannon; crossbows; dagger; guns

weather 515 (723)

weaving 510 (655)

weaving households 576 (1427)

see also spinning and weaving

Wei 韋 chiefly lineage 21

wet-fields 489 (394)

wet-rice agriculture 8, 30, 489 (394), 545 (1032), 550 (1097–1098), 571 (1361), 576 (1427), 577 (1450)

see native chieftaincies; rice

White Bamboo 595 (1714)

white clothes 616 (2003)

white flowers 528 (858)

White Tiger 528 (852)

see astral deities

widow women 485 (363)

wild banana 580 (1481–1482)

wild green vegetable 592 (1668)

wild peony 457 (33–34)

wine-pourers 32

see native chieftaincies, occupational categories

Wo 倭 pirates 33, 34, 35, 542 (991)

women

follow the men in song 49

making fun of the men 566 (1304), 567 (1312), 602 (1840)

optimistic 468 (152), 478 (248), 481 (288), 482 (304)

revealing their true emotional state 606 (1894)

urging men not to join the fight 479 (264), 546 (1040)

urging men to return 559 (1214)

want to be recognised 607 (1912)

warning the men 10, 29

see also male-female interactions

women’s activities 576 (1427)

going to market 541 (979)

women’s lyrics 1, 29, 49, 465 (108), 466 (113), 467–468 (141), 475 (216), 497 (488)

wood, tree 456 (24)

woody indigo 577 (1443)

see also indigo

wooing songs 3, 37

word glosses

context-dependent glosses 463 (80)

working together 11

see male-female relationships

writing practices 482 (299)

Wuling 五岭 mountain range 8

Wuming 武鳴 26, 39, 61, 63, 457 (33–34), 477 (240), 497 (491), 554 (1163)

Wuming dialect 61, 73, 83, 454 (11), 477 (240), 489 (394), 505 (603), 516 (723), 529 (862), 534 (914), 574 (1406), 595 (1694)

Wuming song styles 39–40

Xiangfu 鄉府 499–500 (547)

Xiawang 下旺 native chieftaincy 20, 21

Xin’anhua 新安話 68, 69–70

see Pingguo dialects, other

Xincheng 忻城 county 22, 554 (1167)

Xingning jie 興寧街 26

see also Jiucheng

Xinxu 新墟 28, 41, 61, 64

Xinxu jie 新墟街 65

Xinxu lect 61–62, 64, 65–67, 68–69, 70, 71–77

Xu Xiake 徐霞客 travel diaries 31

Xumo 墟莫 song market 41

yamen compound 471–472 (184)

Yangyan 仰岩 6, 7, 13, 14, 23, 57, 80

Yangyan song market 6, 13

Yao 22, 23, 63–64, 568 (1324), 570 (1354)

Yao and Zhuang 22, 23

Yao population 63–64

Yao sub-groups 64

yellow ginger 533 (907), 1539–1540 (1539)

Yexu 耶墟 parish 44, 627

Yongbei 邕北 sub-dialect 61, 454 (11), 516 (723)

Yongjiang 邕江 475 (219)

Yongning 邕寧 county 41, 61, 63, 497 (491), 595 (1694)

Yongzhou 永州 40

Youjiang Circuit 26

Youjiang 右江 River 6, 8, 15, 20–22, 26, 30, 35, 39, 61, 62, 63, 64, 475 (219), 486 (372), 496 (483), 497 (491), 499 (531), 526 (835), 543 (1000), 547 (1072)

Youjiang sub-dialect 61, 70, 73, 456 (23), 477 (240)

Yuan dynasty 1, 8, 17, 31, 82

Yuefeng 粤風 5

Yuexi shizai 粤西詩載 28

Yunnan 1, 18, 29, 30, 455 (20), 456 (24), 460 (60), 496 (483), 516 (723), 517 (738), 522 (718), 589 (1626), 595 (1714)

Zhaicheng 寨城 480 (276), 492 (427), 586–587 (1582)

Zhaichengshan 寨城山 480 (276)

Zhang Shengzhen 張聲震 vii, 13, 15, 24, 32, 34, 36, 39, 40, 56, 57

Zhao 趙 chiefly lineage 20, 624 (2083)

Zhejiang 33, 35, 522 (796)

Zheng Ruozeng 鄭若曾 34

Zhenning 鎮寧 native chieftaincy 23

Zhoulu 周陸 24, 545 (1034)

Zhouxu 周墟 40

Zhuang chiefly domains

see chiefly domains

Zhuang chieftains 17

see native chieftains

Zhuang house geography, see house

Zhuang language vii, xvii, 61, 61–62, 64–77

dialect of Wuming 529 (862)

dialects and sub-dialects 61–62, 68–70

distribution of dialect pronunciations 68–70, 456 (24), 504 (584), 504–505 (588), 505–506 (603), 513 (683), 515–516 (723), 559 (1211), 595 (1694)

example sentences and phrases 455 (18), 541 (977), 554 (1167), 557 (1205), 566–567 (1304), 570 (1352), 590 (1631), 601 (1823), 602 (1844), 616 (2002)

Standard Zhuang 477 (240), 529 (862)

Zhuang dialect surveys, see dialect surveys

Zhuang literature, scholarship 14–16

Zhuang marriage pattern 2–3, 4–5

see also marriage

Zhuang medicine 456 (30)

Zhuang native chieftaincies, see native chieftaincies

Zhuang population in Pingguo 62–63, 64

Zhuang scholars vii, 6, 13–16

Zhuang society 1, 2–3, 5, 18–19, 28, 602 (1840)

Zhuang sub-groups 554–555 (1167)

mountain hollow people 29, 63, 64, 506 (614), 567–568 (1322), 569 (1332)

Man people 554–555 (1167)

Zhuang vernacular script

Zhuang graphs 79, 452 (9), 453 (10), 461 (64), 464 (99), 465–466 (111), 480 (278), 483–484 (347), 486 (371), 487 (378), 490 (418), 491 (420), 497 (496), 511 (661), 516 (732), 522 (789, 790), 525 (819, 823), 528 (858), 529 (869–870), 532–533 (906), 534 (910), 544 (1022), 550 (1097–1098), 553 (1153), 554 (1163), 556 (1186, 1191), 564 (1266, 1267), 565 (1273, 1274), 567 (1307), 573 (1396), 589 (1624), 604 (1868), 609 (1942), 613 (1980), 614 (1985)

Zhuang villages in karst mountains 30

Zhuang-Chinese-English edition 15–16, 58

Zhuangwen 壯文 transcription xvii, 13, 50, 57, 58, 65, 66, 67, 71, 78, 498 (504)

Zuojiang 左江 River 475 (219), 481 (284)

Zuozhou 左州 481 (284)

Citation Info

Save
Cite
Email this content

Share link with colleague or librarian

You can email a link to this page to a colleague or librarian:
Email this content
or copy the link directly:

https://brill.edhh.ma/display/book/9789004498754/back-3.xml
The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.

Link copied successfully

Collapse
Expand

The Brigands' Song: Serving in the Army of A Native Chieftain

A Traditional Song Text from Guangxi in Southern China

Series: Zhuang Traditional Texts, Volume: 2

Cover The Brigands' Song: Serving in the Army of A Native Chieftain

E-Book ISBN:: 9789004498754

Publisher:: Brill

Print Publication Date:: 10 Dec 2021

Subjects

Front Matter

Back Matter

Metrics

	All Time	Past 365 days	Past 30 Days
Abstract Views	0	0	0
Full Text Views	1906	1300	143
PDF Views & Downloads	0	0	0

African Studies	Education	Media Studies
American Studies	History	Middle East and Islamic Studies
Ancient Near East and Egypt	Human Rights and Humanitarian Law	Musicology
Art History	International Law	Philosophy
Asian Studies	International Relations	Religious Studies
Biblical Studies	Jewish Studies	Slavic and Eurasian Studies
Biology	Languages and Linguistics	Social Sciences
Book History and Cartography	Life Sciences	Theology and World Christianity
Classical Studies	Literature and Cultural Studies

Subjects

Authors

Open Access

Product Information

Company

Contact

Indexes

Indexes

Chinese Character Index

Index of Vernacular Characters and Allographs

Index of Zhuang Characters and Other Symbols

English-Zhuang Index

Index of Scientific Names of Plants and Animals

Subject Index

Citation Info

Share link with colleague or librarian

The Brigands' Song: Serving in the Army of A Native Chieftain

A Traditional Song Text from Guangxi in Southern China

Table of Contents

Metrics

Metrics