Abbadi, Ahmed
97
acculturation
24
Act on Local Self-Government (Japan)
234
Adghirni, Ahmed
93
administrative courts
186
Administrative Procedure Act (United States)
180
administrative regulation
191
Afa, Aomar
95
Africa, Law Faculties model in
52 –58
Afulay, A.
93
Agamben, Giorgio
128
Agmon, Iris
165
Ait Ben Haddou (settlement)
95
Aith Waryaghar
96
Aït Massat tribe
83
Akiba, Jun
162
Alexander ii (Tsar)
44
Algeria
73 , 78
Algiers Law Faculty
74 , 83
Amawal azerfan. Lexique juridique Français-Amazighe (Adghirni, Afulay, and Lahbib)
93
Amazigh movement
70 , 94 –97 , 99 , 100
Ambedkar, Bhimrao
138
Ameer Ali, Syed
139
Amos, Maurice Sheldon
59
Amos, Sheldon
48
analytical positivism
127
Anderson, Benedict
100
Anglo-Indian Acts
134
Anglo-Indian criminal law
132
Anglo-Indian positivism
2 , 114
ideological foundations
115 –123
Anglo-Saxon legal thought
114 , 118 , 121
Anglo-Saxon positivism
3 , 114
Anti-Rightist Campaign
179
Aoki Shuzo
240 , 241
Aourid, Hassan
97
Appert, Georges
238n15
Aquinas, Thomas
13 –14 , 21
Arab Spring
99 , 102
Arehmouch, Ahmed
93
Arrivet, Jean Baptiste
238n15
Asia, Law Faculties model in
52 –58
Aspinion, Robert
77 , 96
Assid, Ahmed
97
Atias, Christian
14 , 27
Austin, John
1 , 6 , 17 , 48 , 125 –128 , 168
Australia, legal education in
52
Austrian Civil Code
39 , 42
Austro-Hungarian Law Faculties
46
Aykut, Ebru
166
Ayoub, Samy
150
Al Azhar
55
Baden-Powell, Henry
121
Baillie, Neil B.E.
137 –138
Baldwin, James
156
Battle of Plassey
115
Beadon, Robert John
191 , 192
Beiyang government
180
Belgium, legal education in
42
Bello, Andrès
50
Ben Meriem, Sonia
99
Bentham, Jeremy
16 , 17 , 47 , 115 , 117 , 187
ben Yusuf, Muhammad (Sultan)
80 , 89 , 94
“The Berber Dahir” (Munib)
94
Berbers
70 , 72 , 80 , 95 –96
customary law and
77
institutions
84
positivization and
87
Berlin University
45
Bernier, François
124
Berque, Jacques
85 , 86
The Best Practicable System of Judicature for India (Jones)
118
Bismarck, Otto Von
185
Blackstone, William
116 , 117 , 133
Blanco Izaga, Emilio
75 –76 , 84 , 92 , 96
block effect
20
Boissonade de Fontarabie, Gustave-Émile
231 , 234 , 236 , 237
Bologna university
35 , 36
“Book of six laws”
243
Boshin War
225
Bouderbala, Négiv
90 –91
Boukous, Ahmed
90
Bousquet, Georges-Henri
74 , 76 , 83 , 233 , 241
British Empire, law professors moving in
59
British Raj
113 , 134 , 138 , 139
codification and
135
representation in legislative bodies of
137
Brown, Jethro
52
Burak, Guy
150
Burke, Edmund
83 , 116 , 118 , 122
Buskens, Léon
2 , 151 , 154 , 252
Cairo University
55
Calvin’s Case
119 , 133
cameral sciences
38
Campbell v. Hall
119 , 133
Canada, legal education in
50 –52
canon law
33 , 35 –38 , 43
Cartesianism
27
categories, as historical objects
8
ccp.
See
Chinese Communist Party
censorial jurisprudence
16
Central Planning Bureau
206
Central Political Council (China)
204
Ceride-i Mehakim
170 , 171
Ceylon, legal education in
54
Chafik, Mohamed
94 , 97
Chapman, Henry
52
Charter Act
113 , 114 , 252
common law and
116
local laws and
116 , 118
utilitarian positivism and
115
Charter Oath (Japan)
226 , 227 , 229 , 239
Chaudhry, Faisal
122
Cherifian rules
74
Chiang Kai-shek
202 , 203 , 206
China
253
administrative courts and
186
Central Planning Bureau
206
Central Political Council
204
examination system
57
Five-power Constitution
182 , 206
government jurists and
198
government lawyering and
198 –201 , 203 , 204
institutional design
3 , 179 –180 , 187 , 206
legal education in
57
Legislation Board
200
Legislation Bureau
203 , 204 , 206
Legislative Procedure Act
204
Office to Draw up Regulations for Constitutional Government
199 –200
political revolutions
178
positivization of law and
182 , 207
Privy Council
200 , 201
rule of law and
179
statutory law and
192
trade conflicts and
189
Chinese Communist Party (ccp)
179 , 188
Christian, Edward
47
Civil Code
Austrian
39 , 42
French
22 , 23 , 41 –42 , 71
German
46
Japan
234 , 236
Louisiana
122
New York
135
Ottoman
150 , 163
Prussian
14
civil law
35 , 44
Cixi (Empress Dowager)
199
Clergy Endowments (Canada) Act (1791)
124
Clive, Robert
115
Cobbett, Pitt
52
Code des droits positifs Amazigh (Arehmouch)
93
Code of Civil Procedure
157
Code of criminal procedure (No. 14 of 1882)
136
Code of criminal procedure (No. 25 of 1861)
136
codification
22 , 155 , 252
British Raj and
135
of fiqh
165
Great Divide hypothesis and
24
positive law curriculum and
42
codification quarrel
236
coinage
250
Coke, Edward
123
Colegrove, Kenneth
197
collective identity, customs and
71
Collège berbère
80
colonialism
1 , 73
Commission for the Systematization of Administrative Statutes and Ordinances (csaso)
203 , 205 , 206
common law
16 , 118
Charter Act and
116
Crown and
123
essentialism and
115 , 120
German
45
government lawyering and
186
in United States
122
utilitarianism and
117
commonwealth
123 , 136
comparative law
15
Compilations (Justinian)
35 , 36
The Concept of Law (Hart, H.L.A.)
152
concepts
as historical objects
8
historical ontology of law as
7 –14
naming practices and
8
conceptual analysis, of law
10
conquest, pre-existing law and
119
Consular Courts
222
contractualism
128
East India Company and
126
positivism and
115 , 141
positivization in India and
129 –134
contractualist positivization
134 –140
contractual positivism, ideological foundation
115 –123
Cooper, Frederick
151
Cornwallis Code (1793)
132
Coşgel, Metin
162
council of elders
75
Court of Cassation (Japan)
241
Court of Cassation (Ottoman Empire)
161 , 164 , 170
criminal law
Anglo-Indian
132
French model and
41 –45
German model and
45 –46
in India
129 –130 , 132
Ottoman Empire
157 –158
public rights and
157
teaching of
38 –40
csaso.
See
Commission for the Systematization of Administrative Statutes and Ordinances
Cultural Revolution
180
culture
Amazigh
94 –96
diversity in Morocco of
99
legal
153
legalism as
152 –154
customary law
2 , 71 , 77
before colonial era
81 –88
Morocco abolishing
88 –92
in post-colonial Morocco
93 –100
customs
70 –71
compilation of
184
Islamic textual model to write
81 –88
law from
102
positivization of, through writing
100 –103
Protectorate legal system and
73 –81
writing and
72 , 102
Dahir berbère of 16 May 1930
74 , 80
Dai Jitao
205 , 206 , 208
daimyos
218
Dajokan system
227 –228 , 239 , 241
Daoud, Ben
83 –85
Davidson, Arnold
27 –28
decolonization
88
Decretum (Gratian)
35
De ontdekking van het adatrecht (van Vollenhoven)
79
departmentalism
204 , 206
Dequen, Jean-Philippe
2 , 252
Desnitsky, Semyon
39
despotism
125 , 126
Dicey, Albert
135 , 136
Dilthey, Philip Heinrich
39
direct colonialism
1
discourse, of law
166 –171
divide-and-rule policy
80
Dīwān
126 , 129 , 131
Dotan, Yoav
186
Dow, Alexander
125
Le droit coutumier Zemmoûr (Marcy)
77
Les droits coutumiers amazighs. Izerfan imazighen. Tome i (Arehmouch)
93
Duplâtre, Louis
58
Dupret, Baudouin
1 , 151 , 154 , 181 , 252
Dury, Léon
237
Düstur
167 –169 , 172
Duve, Thomas
19 , 25
dynamic nominalism
10
East India Company
52 , 114 –115 , 137
contractualism and
126
diarchy system
129
legislative power
119
local laws and
116
scandals of
122
ecclesiastical law
33 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 47
Edo era
217
Edo system
218 –220
Efendi, Mehmed Emin
55
efficacious formalism
5
Egypt
7 , 9 , 23 , 252
legal education in
15 , 55 –56
positivization and
11 , 19 –20
reform of law in
24
Elements of International Law (Wheaton)
57
Elphinstone Institute
53
England, Law Faculties
47 –50
Ennaji, Moha
90
epochal fallacy
151
epochal threshold
152
Ergene, Bogaç
162
essentialism
115 , 120
“Establishment of the Dajokan system and the Charter on the Ministry of Supreme”
227
Eto Shimpei
231 , 237 , 239 , 241
Examination Yuan
205
expository jurisprudence
16
extraterritoriality
188 , 189
Japan and
222
Faculties of Halle
39
Fairbank, John King
189
al-Fasi, ʿAllal
81 , 88
Fazhi ju model
182 –183 , 187 , 192 , 201 , 203 , 206
Ferguson, Heather
157
Filangieri, Gaetano
186 –187
Finland, legal education in
44 –45
fiqh
11 , 13 , 20 , 24 –25 , 55 , 101 , 152 , 162 –163 , 253
codification of
165
in Morocco
81 , 82 , 86 , 87
as positive law
154
First Nations
119
First Opium War
189
First World War
6
Five-power Constitution
182 , 206
Flury-Hérard, Paul
230
formalism, efficacious
5
formal legality
22
France
African colonies
73 –75
legal education model in
41 –45
Ottoman legal reform borrowing from
155
Pax Romana and
78
Francis, Philip
131 , 132
Franco-Prussian War of 1870
242
French Civil Code
22 , 23 , 41 –42 , 71
French law
1 , 20 , 37 , 87
Japan influenced by
193
French Republic
73
French Revolution
40 , 251
Friedman, Lawrence
153
Fukuoka Takahcika
227
Fukuzawa Yukichi
227 , 239 , 240
Gandhi, Mohandas
138
Geertz, Clifford
151
Geldart, James William
47
Gellner, Ernest
89
general theory
20
Gerber, Haim
162
German Civil Code
46
German common law
45
Germany
Japan and
242
legal education model in
45 –47
public law
194
Ghazzal, Zouhair
25 , 160
Ginzburg, Carlo
27
global positive law
21 –25
Glorious Revolution of 1688
123
gmd.
See
Guomindang
Gneist, Heinrich von
240
Goodeve, Joseph
53
Goto Shojiro
239
government jurists
180 , 182
approach of
183 –187
China and
198
obscurity of
185
roles of
184 –185
government lawyering
3 , 180 181
approach of
183 –187
China and
198 –201 , 203 , 204
departmentalism of
204 , 206
politics and
185
United States and
183
Government of India Act (1833).
See Charter Act
Government of India Act (1915)
113
Governor General’s Council of India
114
Grand Council of State (Japan)
227
Grangaud, Isabelle
81
Grant, Ulysses S.
191
Grapel, William
53
Gratian
35
Great Divide hypothesis
1 –2 , 4 , 6 , 10 , 15 , 62 , 251 , 253 –254
codification and
24
India and
141
normativity and
27
“Great Edict of Monarchical Restoration”
224
Great Leap Forward
179
Great Qing Code
207
Greece, legal education in
43 –44
Guimet, Emile
237
Guomindang (gmd)
180 , 188 , 202 –206 , 253
positivization and
182
Habsburg Empire, Law Faculty reforms in
33
Hacking, Ian
5 , 8 , 10
hadd
158
al-Hakim, Tawfiq
12n
Hale, Matthew
120
Halifax, Samuel
47
Hallaq, Wael
163
Halliday, M.A.K.
167
Halpérin, Jean-Louis
2 , 5 , 18 , 19 , 23 , 181 , 253
Hammoudi, Abdellah
91
Hanafi normativity
172
Harris Treaty
221
Hart, David
84 , 86 , 92 , 93 , 96 , 97
Hart, H.L.A.
19 , 21 , 152
Harvard Law School
50
al-Hasan, Mulay
84
Hassan ii (King)
89 , 94
Hastings, Warren
122 , 129 , 131 , 132
Haydar, Ghazi al-Din
127
Henry iii (King)
47
Hindu law
138 , 252
Hiranuma Kiichiro
198
historical and pragmatic ontology of law
25 –28
historical ontology, of concept of law
7 –14
History of British India (Mill, James)
125
Hobbes, Thomas
13 –14 , 21 , 128
Holloway, William
121
homosexuality
8
Hosei Kyoku
192
House of Commons
113 , 116 , 124
Hozumi Nobushige
236
hukuk
154 –159 , 172
Hundred Days Reform
199
Hunter, William Alexander
48
Hutton, Chris
166
Ibrahim, Ahmed Fekry
150
Ilbert controversy
136
Imazighen
70 , 92 , 94 , 96 , 100
“Imperial Rescript on the Intention of a Progressive Establishment of a Constitutional System of Government”
239
Impey, Elijah
122 , 131
India
British historians of
125 –129
codification of law in
135
criminal law in
129 –130 , 132
Great Divide and
141
Islamic law and
115 , 133 , 138 –140
legal education
52 –54 , 60
local laws in
113
positivization of law in
129 –134
rule of law and
136
utilitarianism in
117
Indian Contract Act (1872)
122 , 135
Indian Councils Act (1909)
137
Indian Evidence Act (1872)
122 , 135
Indian High Court Act (1861)
136
Indian Law Commission
133 , 135
Indian Penal Code (No. 5 of 1860)
135
Indian Rebellion of 1857
134
indigenous reformism
1
indigenous rights
26
individual rights
157
Indo-Islamic law
115 , 123 –130
Indonesia
58
Inoue Kaoru
191 , 192 , 222 , 229
Inoue Kowashi
192 –198 , 202 , 208 , 231 , 237 , 240
Institutes (Justinian)
39
institutional design
China
3 , 179 –180 , 187 , 206
Japan
192 –198
International Congress of Comparative Law
18
international maritime trade
219 , 222
Iokibe Kaoru
191
ircam
95 –96 , 100
Ireland, Law Faculties
49
Ishii Shiro
245
Islamic law
1 , 2 , 11 , 17 –20 , 25 , 130 , 252
Aït Massat tribe and
83
changes in meanings of terms
154 –159
India and
115 , 133 , 138 –140
invention of
151 , 154
Islamic normativity
1 , 3 , 7 , 24 , 82 , 86 , 154 , 159 , 163
Israel, government jurists and
186
Itagaki Taisuke
239
Italy
Law Faculties
42 –43
studium model in
35
Ito Hirobumi
192 , 193 , 197 , 199 , 225 , 229 , 230 , 239 , 240
Iwakura missions
189 , 192 , 230 , 231 , 243
Iwakura Tomomi
193 , 224 , 226 , 230 , 233 , 240
Jacques-Meunié, Djinn
86
Jaluzot, Béatrice
3 , 188 , 253
Janissaries
150
revolts of 1807 by
155
Japan
3 –4 , 7 , 253
Act on Local Self-Government
234
administrative courts and
186
administrative regulations in
191
change to legal positivism in
228 –243
Charter Oath
226 , 227 , 229 , 239
China institutional design inspiration from
179 , 187
civil and judicial structures
241 –243
Civil Code
234 , 236
codification quarrel
236
constitutional reform
234 , 239 , 241 , 242
Consular Courts
222
Court of Cassation
241
court system
190 –191
departure from Old Law
217 –228
disruption in Meiji era
215
Edo system
218 –220
end of China model in
223 –228
extraterritoriality and
189 , 222
foreign advisors
232 –234
foreign policy
218 –219
French law and
193
Germany and
242
Grand Council of State
227
institutional design
192 –198
legal education in
56 –57 , 60 , 234 , 235 –238
legal knowledge acquisition by
229 –238
Legislation Bureau
194 –198 , 200 , 208
maritime trade and
219
positivization of law and
187 –198
Privy Council
192 , 197 –198
reformulation of Old Law
226 –228
Rules of Legislation
194 , 196
Russia and
219 , 221
statutory law and
192
trade conflicts and
189
treaties with
189 –190 , 220 –223 , 230 , 237
unified and centralized state established in
239 –241
United Kingdom and
219 –221 , 229 –230
United States and
220 –221
Japanese law, emergence of
216 –217
Jhering, Rudolph von
18
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali
138
Jolly, Julius
59
Jones, William
118 , 120 , 129 , 136
Joseph ii (Emperor)
33 , 39
judicial practice
Japan structures for
241 –243
in Ottoman Empire
159 –166
jurisprudence
censorial
16
expository
16
jus commune
36
justice, sovereignty and power to administer
188
Justinian
35 , 36 , 39
Kabylia
82 , 96
kadis
160 , 162 , 165 , 169
kanun
154 –159 , 172
Kaye, John
117
Kelsen, Hans
6 , 15 , 17 , 21
Kennedy, Charles
48
Khali, Sidi
25
al-Khattabi, Muhammad ben ʿAbd al-Karim
75 , 81 , 89 , 100
Khedivial School
55
Kido Takayoshi
226
Kiel Law Faculty
38
Kinder, William
233
Kitagawa Zentaro
216 , 245
Kitsukuri Rinsho
230
Koselleck, Reinhart
14 , 152
Kumar Tagore, Prasanna
53 –54
Kuomintang (kmt).
See
Guomindang
Kuril Islands
219
Kyoto Imperial Law Faculty
57
Lahbib, Fouad
93
Lambert, Edouard
18 , 20
Land Code
168
The Land Systems of British India (Baden-Powell)
121
Langer, Karl Heinrich
39
Laval University
51
law.
See also
common law
;
specific topics and types of law
assimilation of
1
conceptual analysis of
10
customary
2 , 71 , 77
from customs
102
discourse of
166
historical and pragmatic ontology of
25 –28
historical ontology of concept of
7 –14
invention of
250
natural
13 , 21 , 37 , 40 , 152
normative
162 –164
norms and normative systems and
12
objectification of
17
organic
121
personal
121
politics and
185
positive
2 , 9 , 12n , 15 , 17 , 21 , 33 , 34
positivism of science of
14 –20
primitive
21
property
120
public
193 , 194
social thesis of
26
state and
15 –16
universality and
27
utilitarian positivism and legal order through
123 –129
law-droit
14
Law Faculties
in Asia and Africa
52 –58
Austro-Hungarian
46
creating and developing
34 , 35 –37
England
47 –50
French model
41 –45
after French Revolution
40
German model
45 –47
Ireland
49
Italy
42 –43
Netherlands
42
Portugal
43
reforms
33
Scotland
49
Spain
43
spread of model
50 –62
state control of
37 –38
traditions of
33
United Kingdom
48
law-ius
21
laws-lex
21
laws-lois
14
Layish, Aharon
150
legal anthropology
121
legal culture
153
legal education
52 –54 , 60
in Belgium
42
in Ceylon
54
in China
57
criminal law
40
defining
35 –37
development of
34
in Egypt
15 , 55 –56
European models in nineteenth century of
40 –50
in Finland
44 –45
French model
41 –45
German model
45 –47
in Greece
43 –44
in Japan
56 –57 , 60 , 234 , 235 –238
local pragmatism in
50 –62
in Ottoman Empire
54 –55
positive law promotion in
37 –40
positivization in
39
reform of
33
in Russia
43 –44
in South Africa
56
in United States
49 –50
Western models of, outside Europe
58 –62
legalism
22
legalism-as-culture
152 –154
legal pluralism
26
legal positivism
1 , 2
emergence of
34
Japan changes to
228 –243
levels of
16
state and
15 –16
legal regimes
1
legal revolutions
5 –6
legal systems
244 –245
legal teaching
2
legislation
British Raj and
137
East India Company and
119
in Ottoman Empire
167 –169
printing and
167 –168
Legislation Board (China)
200
Legislation Bureau (China)
203 , 204 , 206
Legislation Bureau (Japan)
194 –198 , 200 , 208
legislative assemblies, local law and
124
Legislative Procedure Act (China)
204
Legislative Yuan
182 –183 , 204
Liang Qichao
202
license
41
Ligat, Robert
58
linguistic revolution
11
local law
Charter Act and
116 , 118
conquest and
119
legislative assemblies and
124
Locke, John
119
Lois et Constitutions de Sa Majesté le Roi de Sardaigne (Laws and Constitutions of His Majesty the King of Sardinia)
37
Louisiana Civil Code
122
Louis xiv (King)
38
Luhmann, Niklas
15 , 245
Lyautey, Hubert
73 , 74 , 78 , 83
Macaulay, Thomas B.
114 , 117 , 118 , 122 , 124 , 128 , 133 , 135
Macpherson, A.G.
53
Maghrib
76
activists uniting in
96
sharîʿa in
78
written customs in
81 –88
Magna Carta (1215)
123
Mahmood, Syed
138 , 139
Maine, Henry Sumner
53 , 121 , 122 , 134
Maitland, Frederic
123
Makhzan
78 , 84 , 101
Malcolm, George Arthur
58
Maley, Yon
167 , 170 –171
Mammeri, Mouloud
93
Mao Zedong
179 , 180
maqâsid
13
Marcy, Georges
77
Maria-Theresa (Empress)
37 , 38
maritime trade
219 , 222
Markby, William
53
marriage
14 , 139
Marriage Act (1753)
133
Martin, William Alexander Parsons
57
Martini, Karl Anton von
39
Marx, Karl
179
Maunier, René
79
Maurer, Georg Ludwig von
121
McGill University
51
Mecelle
54 –55 , 150 , 155 , 163 , 172 , 253
Meiji Constitution
234 , 239 , 241
Meiji era
3 –4 , 7 , 182 , 189 , 191 , 207 –208 , 253
civil and judicial structures
241 –243
disruption in
215
foreign advisors in
232 –234
Japanese law emergence during
216 –217
law modernization in
56
legal systems and
244 –245
unified state and
239 –241
Meiji Restoration
217 , 230
methodological positivism
34
Mezzine, Larbi
92
Mikao, Nambu
198
Mill, John Stuart
181 –183
Millar, John
49
Millard, Eric
17
Milliot, Louis
78
Mitchell, Timothy
155
modernity, positive law and
15
Mohamed v (King)
94
Mohammed vi (King)
94
money
250
Montagne, Robert
75 , 83 , 85 , 86
Montriou, W.A.
53
Moore, Harrison
52
Morocco
2 , 252
activist publishing in
70
Algiers school influence on
83
Constitution of 2011
102
cultural diversity and
99
customary law in post-colonial era
93 –100
decolonization
88
French administration of
73 –75
independence, legal unification, and obliteration of customary law
88 –92
legal system in
74
liberalization in
98
sharîʿa in
81
world heritage sites
95
writing and customs in
72
Mosse, Albert
234
most-favored-nation clauses
221
Motono Ichiro
237
Mudawwanat al-ahwal al-shakhsiyya (“The Code of Personal Status”) (al-Fasi)
88
Mughal empire
124 –128 , 131 , 252
Mughal legal order
114 –115 , 141
Mukhtasar (Khalil)
25
Munib, Muhammad
94
al-Mustawi, Muhammad
95
naming practices
8
Nandakumar, Rajah
122
Napoleonic codes
23 , 251
Napoleonic Council of State
187
Napoleonic-Meiji model
182
Napoleonic wars
219
Napoleon iii (Emperor)
232
natural law
13 , 37 , 40 , 152
positive law and
21
Nehru, Jawaharlal
138
neo-Roman law
122
Netherlands
Law Faculties
42
Napoleonic Wars and
219
Neuzeit
152
New Policies
199
New York Civil Code
135
nizam
154 –159 , 172
nizamiye courts
156 , 159 –162 , 166 , 253
pre-trial process
169
recording of decisions
170 –171
trial processes
170
Normanton incident
222
normative law
162 –164
normative practices, customs and
71
normative systems
12
normativity
15 , 18 , 19 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 153
Hanafi
172
norms
12
Numani, Alama Shibli
138
objectification of law
17
Office to Draw up Regulations for Constitutional Government
199 –200
Okubo Toshimichi
192 , 230 , 243
Okuma Shigenobu
239
Opium War
189 , 220
organic law
121
Ottoman Empire
3 , 6 , 252 –253 169
civil code of
150 , 163
Code of Civil Procedure
157 , 165
Code of Penal Procedure
165 , 168
codes of
24
court functions and structure
160 –162
criminal law
157 –158
discourse of law in
166 –171
dispute resolution and adjudication styles
164 –166
French codified law and
155
judicial practice in
159 –166
Land Code
168
legal education in
54 –55
legal reforms
151
legal system reforms
54
legislation in
167 –169
normative law in
162 –164
positivism in
153
printing in
167 –168
recording of judgments
170 –171
trial processes in
170
Oualdi, M’hamed
81
Ozaki Tadaharu
198
pacification
75
Pagan Survivals in Mohammedan Civilisation (Westermarck)
77
Paris Commune
231
Parolin, Gianluca
1 , 252
Paşa, Damad Ibrahim
155
Pascon, Paul
90 –91
Paternostro, Alessandro
234
Pax Romana
78
Paz, Omri
169
Pennefather, F.W.
52
Permanent Settlement of Bengal
132
Perry, Matthew Calbraith
220
Perry, T. Erskine
121
personal law
121
personal status
20 , 252
Peters, Rudolph
150
the Philippines
58
Philip v (King)
38
Phillimore, Joseph
47
“Plan for the Administration of Justice” (Hastings)
129
politics
government lawyering and
185
law and
185
Pollock, Frederick
135
Portugal, Law Faculties
43
positive law
2 , 9 , 12n , 17
codification and national curriculum based on
42
emergence of term
34
fiqh as
154
global
21 –25
local variants
21 –25
modernity and
15
natural law and
21
reforms promoting teaching of
37 –40
transmission of
33
writing and
71 –72
positivism
analytical
127
Anglo-Indian
2 , 114
Anglo-Saxon
3 , 114
contractualism and
115 , 141
methodological
34
of science of law
14 –20
scientific
21
sharîʿa and
154
state and
15 –16
theoretical
37
utilitarian
114 , 123 –129
positivization of customs, writing and
71 , 100 –103
positivization of law
1 , 3 , 4 , 19 , 20 , 33 , 251
Berber customs and
87
in China
182
China and
207
contractualist
134 –140
defining
178
as global phenomenon
151 –152
global positive law and local variants
21 –25
government jurists and
182
in India
129 –134
in legal education
39
linguistic revolution and
11
spread of
6 –7
primary rules
21
primitive law
21
printing
167 –168
Privy Council (China)
200 , 201
Privy Council (Japan)
192 , 197 –198
property law
120
Prophetic Tradition
1
Protectorate
72 , 87 , 101 , 102
customs in pluralist legal system of
73 –81
The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (Austin)
125
Prussian Civil Code
14
public law
38 , 193 , 194
public order
86
public rights
157
Puchta, Georg Friedrich
18
Pufendorf, Samuel
38
qanun
22 –23 , 82 , 82n12
Qing Empire
179 , 180 , 182 , 189
Great Qing Code
207
reforms
199 –200
Qurʾan
1
Racha, Rachid
94
Rachel, Samuel
38
Rachik, Hassan
92
Raha, Rachid
92 , 97
Rawdon-Hastings, Francis
126 –128
Raz, Joseph
26
Das Rechts des Besitzes (von Savigny)
121
Referendariat
45
reformulation
24
Regulating Act (1773)
130
Regulation iv (1797)
130
Regulation ix (1793)
130
Regulation liii (1803)
130
Regulation vi (1801)
130
Regulation vi (1832)
132
Regulation viii (1801)
130
Regulation xvii (1817)
131
“Rescript on the abolition of the han system and the establishment of prefectures”
225
“Restitution to the Emperor of lands and serfs by the clans”
225
“Return of Sovereign Power to the Emperor”
224
Rezanov, Nikolai
219
Riberolles, Henri de
237
Ricoeur, Paul
151
Rifians
75 –76
Rif Ripublik
75 , 84 , 100
rifts
151
rights, criminal and private law differences in
157
Ritsuryo system
227
Roesler, Hermann
197 , 236 , 240
Roman law
33 , 35 –40 , 43 , 44 , 47 , 56
neo
122
United Kingdom and
120
Romanticism
79
Rose-Ackerman, Susan
185
Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal
129
Royal Institute for Amazigh Culture
94 –95
Royal Proclamation (1858)
134
Rubin, Avi
3 , 24 , 252
rule-making
180
rule of law
135 , 136
China and
179
colonialism and
73
rules, types of
21
Rules of Legislation (Japan)
194 , 196
ruptures
151
Russia
Japan and
219 , 221
legal education in
43 –44
Sadiqi, Fatima
90
Sakai Tadashige
225
Sakai Yukichi
193 , 195
sakoku
219
Saliquet Navarro, Luis
84
Salmon, Georges
84
Salmond, J.W.
52
Samejima Taneomi
227
samurai
242 –243
Sanjo Sanetomi
226 , 233
Sasaki Takayuki
231
Savigny, Friedrich Carl von
18 , 79 , 120 , 121 , 133
Schact, Joseph
154
Scheele, Judith
82
Scholte, Paul
58
scientific positivism
21
scnd.
See
Supreme Council of National Defense
Scotland, Law Faculties
49
secondary rules
21
Second Sino-Japanese War
202
Selim iii (Sultan)
155
Seven Years’ War
2 , 6 , 114 , 116 , 119 , 140
Sewelle, Richard Clark
52
sharîʿa
9 , 11 , 13 , 23 –25 , 88 , 150 , 155
in Maghrib
78
in Morocco
81 , 85
normativity of
26
positivism and
154
pre-trial process and
169
sharîʿa courts
159 –162 , 164 , 165 , 253
Shibusawa Eiichi
230
Shklar, Judith
22 , 153
Shore, John
132
Sidi Ifni
84
Siebold, Philipp Franz von
232 , 236 , 237
sijill
164 , 170 , 171
Silverstein, Paul
98
Sino-Japanese War
202 , 234
siyāsah principle
129
Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan
74
social thesis of law
26
Soejima Taneomi
239
South Africa, legal education in
56
South America, legal education in
50 –51
sovereignty
Mughal
126 , 128
power to administer justice and
188
pre-existing law and changes in
119
Spain, Law Faculties
43
stadium model
35
Stammler, Rudolf
187
Stamp Law
157
stare decisis
116
Starkie, Thomas
47
state
law and
15 –16
legal positivism and
15 –16
statutory law
192
Stein, Lorenz von
240
Stephen, James Fitzjames
53 , 122 , 135
Stolleis, Michael
7 , 12
Stroomer, Harry
86
“The Struggle for Morocco’s Past” (Gellner)
89
Sunist model
182 , 183
Sun Yat-sen
182 , 202 , 206
Super speculam (papal bull)
35
Supreme Council of Bengal
119 , 131 , 132
Supreme Council of National Defense (scnd)
202 –203 , 206
Surdon, Georges
77
al-Susi, Muhammad al-Mukhtar
95
System des heutigen römischen Rechts (Holloway)
121
systemism
6
“Table of five edicts and abolition of the kosatsu system”
225
al-Tahtawi, Rifaʿa
9
Takayoshi, Maebashi
182
Tamanaha, Brian
22
Tamaynut (association)
94
Tamdogan, Işik
164
Tanabe, Mayuka
98
Tanzimat policy
54 , 168
tanzimat reforms
155 , 157 , 160 , 252 –253
Techow, Hermann
234
Tehran Law Faculty
58
Tenancy Acts
134
Tenno
224 –226
Tezcan, Baki
150
Thailand
58
Thanavi, Maulana Ashraf Ali
138
theoretical positivism
37
Thomas, Yann
5 , 12
“three offices” system
226
Thun-Hohenstein reforms
46
Time and Narrative (Ricoeur)
151
Tocqueville, Alexis de
181 –183
Tokugawa Akitake
230
Tokugawa Hideyoshi
218
Tokugawa Ieasu
232
Tokugawa kinreiko
218
Tokugawa shogunate
189
fall of
221
isolation policies
219 –220
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
224
Tokyo Imperial Law Faculty
57
Tokyo University Law Faculty
56 –57
Tomii Masa-Akira
237 , 238n16
trade conflicts
189
tradere jura positiva
33 –40
Transfer of Property Act (No. 4 of 1882)
134
Treaty of Fez
74
Treaty of Kanagawa
237
Treaty of Paris (1763)
124
Tretyakov, Ivan Andreyevich
39
Turin Law Faculty
37
ucl.
See
University College London
Ueda Ju
182
Ume Kenjiro
237 , 238n16 , 245
unesco, 95
United Kingdom
China and
189
Indian Rebellion of 1857 and
134
Japan and
219 –221 , 229 –231
Law Faculties
48
Napoleonic Wars and
219
Opium War and
189
Roman Law and
120
rule of law and
135
United Nations
6
United States
Administrative Procedure Act
180
common law in
122
government lawyering and
183
Japan and
220 –221
legal education in
49 –50
Université Mohammed v
74
University College London (ucl)
47 –48
University of Athens
43 –45
University of Calcutta
53
University of Cambridge
47 –48
University of Leuven
33 , 39
University of Moscow
39
University of Oxford
47 –48
University of Paris, legal education and
35
ʿurf
83 , 88
utilitarianism
6 , 17
common law and
117
ideological foundations
115 –123
in India
117
utilitarian positivism
114
legal order through law and
123 –129
Les valeurs de justice dans les droits positifs amazigh (Arehmouch)
93
van Vollenhoven, Cornelis
74 , 79
vassalization
127
Verbeck, Guido
230 , 237
Verny, Léonce
232
Victoria (Queen)
140
Vidal, Victor
55
Vienna Law Faculty
37
Vittorio Amedeo ii (Duke)
37
Volksgeist
79
Wahhabi trials
137
Wang Shije
206
Waton, Alan
6 , 20
Weber, Max
23 , 34
Westermarck, Edward
77
Western extraterritoriality
188
Western imperialism, positivization and
1
westernization
163
Western law and institutions, conventional narrative about East Asia and
188 –192
Wheaton, Henry
57
Wolryche-Whitmore, William
116
Wood, Leonard
11
world heritage sites, in Morocco
95
World Trade Organization
178
writing
customs and
72 , 102
as legal technique
70 –73
positive law and
71 –72
positivization of customs through
100 –103
Wu, Tzung-Mou
3 , 253
Xinzheng
199
Yilmaz, Hüseyin
150
Yoshida Shoin
222 –223
Young Turks Revolution
153
Yuan Shikai
180
Zamane (historical monthly)
97
Zayan tribes
77
Ze’evi, Dror
164 –166
Zeiller, Franz von
39
Zemmour
77
Zernine, Mohammad
91