Abbreviations
| TFA | Sayyid AhÌ£mad KhaÌn, TasÌ£aÌniÌf-i AhÌ£madiyyah, vol. 1 (Aligarh: Institute Press, 1883); vol. 2, 1887. |
| TK1 | Sayyid AhÌ£mad KhaÌn, TabyiÌn al-kalaÌm, Part 1 (Ghazipur, authorâs press, 1862). |
| TK2 | Sayyid AhÌ£mad KhaÌn, TabyiÌn al-kalaÌm, Part 2, (Ghazipur, authorâs press, 1865). |
| TK3 | Sayyid AhÌ£mad KhaÌn, TabyiÌn al-kalaÌm, Part 3, in TFA, vol. 2 (Aligarh: Institute Press, 1887). |
| TQ | Sayyid AhÌ£mad KhaÌn, TafsiÌr al-QurʾaÌn, Parts 1â6, in TFA, vols 3â9 (Aligarh: Institute Press, 1880â95); Part 7 (Agra: MufiÌd-i aÌm Press, 1904). |
| TA | Sayyid AhÌ£mad KhaÌn, TahẕiÌb al-akhlaÌq (The Mohammedan Social Reformer), Phase 1, vols 1â7 (Aligarh Institute Press, 1871â1877); Phase 2, vols 8â10 (1879â1881); vols 11â14 (1894â1897). |
| EI2 | Encyclopaedia of Islam (Second Edition), edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W.P. Heinrichs (Leiden: Brill, 1960â2007). |
| EI3 | Encyclopaedia of Islam (Third Edition), edited by Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, and Everett Rowson (Leiden: Brill, 2007). |