Index
Aachen
255
Aachener Marienkirche
241
affronts
142–151, 153–155, 164, 301, 304, 309
honour
Africa
73, 75–76
Æthelberht, king of Kent
27, 47, 113–131, 133–157, 168, 206, 306
Alamans
52, 188, 200, 254
Albania
13
Alexandria
76, 80
Alfred the Great, king of Wessex and of the Anglos-Saxons see Domboc of King Alfred
Alypius, Vicar of Britain
76, 81
Ammianus Marcellinus
65, 76, 80, 81, 83
Anders Sunesen, archbishop
280, 283, 284, 286
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
115, 313
Anglo-Saxons
,
see England
animals
31–32, 45, 58, 87, 314, 317
Antinoë, Egypt
85
aristocracy
28, 51, 196, 240
Aulus Gellius, Roman author
44, 307
Austregisel
215, 216, 221, 269
authority
14, 20, 22–23, 26–27, 71, 76, 99, 100, 108, 137, 149, 153, 155–156, 161, 184–185, 190, 192, 199, 207, 218–219, 226–227, 231–232, 241, 246–247, 252–253, 267, 282, 313
bannus
28, 99–100, 102, 108, 250, 252
Bavarians
19, 95, 103, 107–108, 188, 199–200, 268, 273
Bede
229, 313
bishops
2, 26, 70, 74, 75, 79, 84–85, 166, 183, 192, 197, 199, 212–214, 216–218, 220, 227, 229, 231–233, 246, 247, 265–269, 271, 273, 311
bloodfeud
,
see feud
blood-money see money
Bobbio, Columbanian abbey in Italy
221, 225
büttel
102–103
Burgundy, kingdom of
3–7, 104, 106–107, 109, 187–188
Caesar Crispus
70
Canada
68
capitalism
8–9
Capitulare legibus addendum
245
Capitula Remedii
52, 103, 247, 249
Capitulare Saxonicum
252
capitularies
26, 95, 100–103, 109, 186, 202, 232, 242–243, 246, 249, 251–252, 254–255
Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae
252
Carolingians
49, 107, 165–166, 227, 231–233, 244, 251, 271, 273, 301, 313
Charlemangne, king of the Franks and Lombards, Emperor of the Romans
27–28, 53, 190, 231–232, 240–255, 273
Charles the Bald, king of West-Francia and Italy, Emperor of the Romans
203, 273
charters
2, 11, 21, 23, 28, 60, 130, 169, 192–193, 262, 272–274, 280, 287–289
diplomas
203, 261–262, 272–273, 312
chastity
171, 221, 223, 227, 230
Childebert II, Austrasian king of the Franks
107, 215
Chilperich, Neustrian king of the Franks
108
Chlothar I, king of the Franks
108
Chlothar II, king of the Franks
191, 196
Chramnesind
2, 50, 53, 214–217, 233, 269
Christian III, king of Denmark
277
Christians/Christianity
24–25, 43, 67–68, 71, 126, 133–134, 136–139, 141, 153, 157, 218–219, 223, 231, 233, 246, 283, 295, 305–306, 309–310, 315
Christmas
215
Chronicle of Fredegar
183, 206
church councils
75
clerics
17, 43, 52, 196–198, 204, 212, 218–219, 231, 273
Clovis, king of the Franks
7
Code of Justinian
,
see law; Code of Justinian
coins
24, 28, 49, 70, 78, 100, 108–109, 165, 197, 244–245, 250, 285, 306, 314
Cologne
183, 197
Columbanus, monk and abbot
213, 221–227, 230–231
Common Law
,
see law; Common Law
compensation
1, 6, 7, 10, 12, 19, 21–27, 30–31, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 48–60, 85–90, 100, 108, 121, 123, 129, 131, 133–157, 161–179, 189, 191, 203, 204, 206, 212–233, 243–245, 250–255, 262–272, 277–291, 296–317
composition/compositio
3, 17, 19, 22, 24, 38–39, 42, 49, 54–60, 85–87, 92–109, 203, 205, 227, 231, 263, 265, 305–307, 313
Constantinople
84
Cotyaeum, Phrygia
84
craftsmen
8, 58
Creed of Rimini
79
criminals/criminality
30, 68, 206, 290
Cummean, Irish monk
225–227
Dagobert, king of the Franks
206
death penalty
1, 4–5, 7, 39, 54–57, 60, 83
debt
23–24, 44, 85–86, 103–104, 109, 117, 190, 198, 205, 313
Decretio Childeberti
56, 94
Denmark
20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 165, 166, 277–291
Lutherian Reformation
277
Domboc of King Alfred the Great
113, 117, 119, 129
Donatists
15, 73
drihtinbeag (lord-payment)
119–120
Eadbald, king of Kent
130
Ecgberht, king of Kent
130–131
Edictus Rothari
42, 94, 107, 109
Edictum Theoderici
6
Edmund II (Edmund’s second law-code)
150, 310–312
Egbert, archbishop of York
229
Eike von Repgow
1
Einhard, Carolingian courtier and intellectual
56, 241, 246, 273–274
Elbe Germanic languages
96, 103–104, 109
Eleusius of Cyzicus, bishop
79
England, Anglo-Saxon
16–17, 22, 24, 26, 95, 107, 113–131, 165, 293–320
local assemblies of
299
epitaphs
105
Erchanbert, bishop
273
Erik VI, king of Denmark
288
Erik’s Law
280–2
Eucharist
25, 231
European Union
240
Ewa ad Amorem
247–8, 252–254
Excarpsus Cummeani
225–227
execution
65, 77, 81, 84, 89,
death penalty
exile
20, 26, 48, 54, 66, 69, 71–72, 76–77, 80–81, 83–85, 152, 221–223, 242,
outlawry
faidus, faida
101–102
feud
2, 5, 11, 13, 22, 39, 41, 47, 50, 53–60, 92, 100–102, 137, 143–146, 150, 156, 161–168, 214–217, 221, 226, 232–233, 242, 254, 271, 278, 283, 289–290, 295, 296–303, 308–315
Finnian, Irish monastic saint
221, 226
fisc
23, 67–68, 77–79, 84, 264, 267, 273
Flanders
165
Formulae Marculfi
40, 94, 101, 148, 190, 198, 202, 265, 269
Marculf, monk
265
Formulae Salicae Lindenbrogianae
40, 50, 218, 263, 265, 267, 270–272
Formulae Salicae Merkelianae
50, 193–4, 263
formularies/formula collections
22–24, 28, 50, 60, 100, 107–108, 117, 149, 186, 190, 193–194, 202, 218, 261–275, 289, 298
Fourth Lateran Council
280–281
Franks/Francia
7, 18–22, 25, 28, 46, 51, 52, 70, 107, 137, 139, 143, 146, 153, 157, 185–190, 199, 212–233, 240–255, 304, 310, 314
fredus
,
see money; peace money
Frisians/Frisia
28, 52, 58, 108, 113, 161–179, 223, 246, 252–254
Free Frisians
167
Frisian Freedom
166, 167, 168, 169
Fulda, abbey of
55, 95, 103, 163, 274
Gaius, Roman jurist
8, 44
Gaul
7, 13, 16, 20, 26, 76, 218
gemot (assembly)
297
Gerold, count
274
Gildo, North African rebel
73–74
God
25, 106, 131, 202, 219, 222, 231, 242, 285, 295–296, 300, 305–306, 309–311
Gothic (language)
6, 93, 106
Grágás
285
Gregory of Tours
2, 51, 100, 101, 108, 146, 14–149, 214, 217, 233, 269, 304
Gundobad, king of the Burgundians
3, 7
Halitgar of Cambrai, bishop
227–228, 231–232
Hammurabi, Mesopotamian king
161
Henry II, king of England
301–2
Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims
273
Hloþhere and Eadric, laws of
114–115, 119–121, 130
hoards
78–80
Hódmezövásárhely-Szikáncs hoard
78
homicide
2, 4–8, 13–15, 30, 38–39, 41, 49–50, 54–55, 58–60, 148–149, 151, 154, 163, 178, 196, 201, 206, 242, 263–264, 267–268, 271–275, 177, 281, 296–297, 299, 301, 304, 306–307, 310, 318,
manslaughter, murder
Honorius, emperor
15
honour
12, 14, 18–19, 27, 133–157, 161–179, 207, 216, 284, 290–291, 299, 301, 303–304, 306, 309, 311, 315, 317
Hroadolf, priest
273
Hunerich, king of the Vandals
15
Hungary
80
Hypatius, Consul and Master of Soldiers
84
Iceland
145, 148, 150, 153, 162, 164, 167, 174, 285, 309
Icelandic Free State
167
Thing (assembly)
150
Ine, king of Wessex
53, 125
injury/injuries
1, 2, 4–5, 43–45, 51, 54, 56–58, 86–88, 98–99, 105, 108, 113–114, 117–119, 121, 125, 135–136, 140, 142, 151, 161, 168–169, 184, 188, 190, 226–228, 230, 232, 284, 286, 297–298, 315
insult
135–136, 142, 145–147, 151–152, 215, 298
Islam
26, 154
Italy
49, 103, 227, 250
Jancko Douwama, Frisian nobleman
174
Jens Andersen, knight
289
Jens Nielsen, knight
289
Jerusalem
81, 289
John the Cappadocian, Praetorian Prefect
85
Jordan
65
Jordanes, Gothic historian
106
Josef Magnussen, knight
288
Judaism/Jewish traditions
24, 68, 296
Anti-Jewish legislation
68
Judas
305, 314
judges
27, 30, 53, 83, 86–87, 167, 177, 189, 195–196, 198, 200, 294–295
Julian, emperor
66, 78
Jutland, Denmark
279–285
Kent, kingdom of
22, 27, 113–131, 133–157, 168, 172
kinship
39, 129, 163–164, 278, 281, 283, 310
kissing
288, 305, 315
Knud VI’s Ordinance on Homicide
281, 285
Königsnähe (proximity to the king)
201–204
Labeo, Roman lawyer
44
Lake Geneva
6
Latin
17, 21, 24, 93, 98, 100, 103, 106, 108–109, 113, 138–139, 141, 172, 215, 223, 247, 263, 280, 296, 300–302, 309
laune-gild
95–6
law
Anglo-Saxon
19, 95, 98, 113–131, 133–157, 293–320
Bavarian
19, 52, 253
Burgundian
4–8, 52, 104–109, 188
canon
43, 168, 232, 279, 316
civil
9, 65, 67, 69, 300
Code of Justinian
65, 86
Common Law
293, 299, 301–302, 316, 318–319
criminal
39, 86, 205, 299–300
Islamic
26, 154
law-books
1–2, 27, 212–213, 252
law-givers
23, 31
Lombardic
40, 42, 58, 59, 60, 93
‘private’
15, 21, 22, 69, 70, 85,
‘public’
15, 20, 21, 22, 39,
Roman
5, 7, 14, 15, 16, 65, 138, 168, 192, 295
Theodosian
6, 15, 65, 73–75, 86
lawyers
44, 67, 195, 294, 300, 308, 316, 318, 320
leges barbarorum
26, 38, 168
Leges Henrici Primi
279
leod/i, leodis, leuda (monetary terms of service)
96, 263, 264, 265–270
letters
56, 60, 218, 232, 262, 264–265, 268, 272–274, 288, 298
letter-books
277, 289
Lex Alamannorum
52, 93, 199, 203, 253
Lex Baiuwariorum
93, 199
Lex Burgundionum
3, 51–55
Lex Francorum Chamavorum
51–52, 246
Lex Frisionum
41, 49, 51, 58–59, 165–169, 252
Lex Gundobadi
3
Lex Ribuaria
11, 19, 49, 50, 52, 94, 107, 118, 183–207, 251, 253
Lex Romana Burgundionum
5, 46, 107
Lex Romana Visigothorum
46, 75
Lex Salica
7, 23, 51, 53, 96, 108, 185, 186, 187, 196, 199, 201, 206, 216, 232, 244–246, 254, 266, 269–271
Lex Salica Karolina redaction
245, 271
Lex Saxonum
51, 247, 252, 254
Lex Suavorum
246–7
lex talionis
44
Lex Thuringorum
58, 246–248, 251–254
Liber constitutionum
3–5, 104
Liber iudiciorum
6
libri paenitentiales
43
Liutprand, Langobardic king
56, 95, 107, 126
Lombards
40, 42, 52, 58–59
Lothar, Carolingian king of the Franks, Emperor
166, 273
Louis the Pious, Carolingian king of the Franks, Emperor
11, 27–28, 50, 166, 233, 246
Lucius Veratius
44
Lund
280, 283, 286, 288
manbot
96–98, 108, 119–131, 279, 296
manslaughter
14, 206, 221, 223,
homicide, murder
manumission
18–19, 117, 187, 190–195
manuscripts
25–26, 43, 56, 60, 96, 104, 106–107, 133, 135–136, 141, 143, 168, 197–198, 213, 218, 224–225, 227–229, 232–233, 244, 245, 255, 262–263, 266
Marchrad
273–274
Margrethe, first lady and lord of Denmark and de facto ruling queen
289
marriage
10, 47, 116, 120, 128, 173, 193–195, 315
masculinity
137, 144, 146–147, 149, 156
mentalities
3, 25, 162
Mercians
115
mercy
57, 81, 217, 268, 296
Merovingians
11, 53, 98, 107, 141, 186, 188, 190, 196–199, 206, 216–218, 224, 255
Minster-on-Thanet
131
money
1–32, 38, 41, 46, 48–49, 52, 54–56, 65, 85–86, 89, 92, 95, 97–98, 102, 107, 122, 133, 149, 151, 161, 174–176, 178–179, 184, 189, 217, 220, 228–229, 261–263, 278, 281–282, 284–285, 288, 290–291, 296, 304–315
blood-money
3, 4, 6, 10, 23–24, 26, 29, 151
coins see coins
fines
8, 10, 15, 20–21, 39, 40, 43, 49, 50, 53–55, 58–60, 65–90, 100, 104, 108, 124–125, 130, 184, 201, 204, 206–207, 212, 278, 281, 285–287, 300, 307
peace money (fredus)
21, 55, 59, 100, 108, 189, 251, 310
mund (‘protection’)
22, 119–131, 172–179, 185
mundbyrd (‘protection value’)
142, 185
Münster, bishop of
166
murder
4, 7, 14, 40, 48, 73–74, 77, 85, 97, 106, 131, 183, 205, 207, 215–19, 224–227, 231–232, 242, 252, 280, 287–288,
homicide, manslaughter
Near East
24
Netherlands
161–179
New Testament
305
Nika rebellion
84–85
North America
77
novigild
18, 95, 105
oath
2, 50, 115, 127–129, 143, 183–187, 190, 201–202, 205, 207, 281, 284–286, 288–289, 295, 299, 304–305, 312–313, 315–317
Odolt, advocate
273
Old Danish (language)
279, 280, 282
Old English (language)
93, 107, 122, 133, 138, 140–141, 172, 279, 296–297, 300–309, 314–317
Old French (language)
99, 297
Old Frisian (language)
92, 107, 167–169, 172, 175, 177–178
Old High German (language)
30, 92–93, 96, 107, 109
Old Langobardic (language)
96, 107
Old Norse (language)
92, 107, 126
Old Saxon (language)
92–93, 96, 109
Olybrius, consul
84
Ordinance on Offering Compensation
282
Ostrogoths
6
Ottonians
166
outlawry
20, 39, 280, 290, 317
Paenitentiale Bobbiense
224–225
Paenitentiale Capitula Iudiciorum
227
Paenitentiale Merseburgense A
227, 230
Paenitentiale Oxoniense II
223–224
Paenitentiale Parisiense simplex
224
Paenitentiale Pseudo Bedae-Egberti mixtum
229
Paenitentiale Pseudo-Gregorii
228, 231
Paenitentiale Sangallense tripartitum
226–227
Paenitentiale Vindobonense B
226
paganism
13, 67–68, 126, 138, 252
Passau
268
penance
25–26, 30, 43, 48, 92, 190, 212–233, 278, 288, 315
penitence
25, 30, 212–233, 288
penitential of Pseudo-Theodore
228
peregrinatio
221
perjury
11–12, 251–252
Pippin the Younger, king of the Franks
244
Procopius
85
Pseudo-Roman Penitential
227
Qasr al-Hallabat, fort at
65
Querolus, anonymous Latin commedy
87–89
rachinburgii
30, 153
Recess of Copenhagen
277
reconciliation
25, 43, 48, 59, 150, 164, 214, 218, 222, 228, 233, 289, 298,
settlement of conflict/disputes
redress
163, 287, 301, 320
rehhanon (‘calculating’)
30
reputation
48, 60, 145–146, 150–151, 184, 303–304, 309,
honour
revenge
2, 4, 5, 22–23, 27, 96, 161–164, 171, 174–175, 178–179, 215, 219, 223–224, 227, 272, 280–285, 290–291
Rheims
245–246
Rhône valley
6
riots
59, 85, 287
Ripuarians
19, 21, 183–207
ritual
23, 152, 164, 178, 192, 216, 231, 233, 284, 288–289, 298, 315
robbery
13, 102, 126, 204, 223,
theft
Romans
4, 5, 7–8, 13, 19, 46, 51, 70, 134, 187–188, 197, 304
Rome
84, 130, 138, 288, 294
Roskilde
287–288
bishop of
288
Rothari, king of the Lombards
40, 58
Rufinus, Eastern Praetorian Prefect
73
runes/runic alphabet
97, 138–140, 165
Sachsenspiegel
1, 2, 31
Saints Marcellinus and Peter, monastery of
274
Salvius Julianus, Roman jurist
85
Salzburg
226, 263
sanctions
7, 13, 15–16, 20, 23, 30, 47–48, 54, 56–57, 59–60, 206, 213, 272, 300
sanctuary
117, 124, 217, 268, 273
Santiago de Compostela
289
Saxony
165, 249, 252
Scania, Denmark
279–285, 288
schultheiß
103–104
Seligenstadt
274
settlement of conflict/disputes
2, 3, 6, 10, 12, 21, 23, 24, 29, 30, 39, 46, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 115, 137, 144–157, 164, 212–233, 262, 265, 269–272, 284, 287–290, 297–299, 306, 309–312, 318,
reconciliation
shame
144, 150, 163, 171, 207, 216, 301, 303, 315, 317
Sichar
2, 50, 53, 214, 215, 216, 217, 221, 233, 269
Sigibert III, Austrasian sub-king
183, 197, 206
Simmel, Georg
8, 9, 10, 184, 189
‘Philosophy of Money’
184
sins
18, 25, 212, 219, 229, 231, 288
slaves, slavery
5, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 19, 30, 44, 66, 68, 69, 77, 86, 87, 115–123, 126–127, 145, 183, 187, 190, 191–194, 197–198, 282–283, 304, 314
Slavs
206
smiths
5–8
social mobility
8, 18, 185, 190, 191, 194
solidarity
14, 283, 290
Soviet Empire
13
St. Eormenburg
130–1
St. Gall/St. Gallen
95, 103, 225, 244, 274
Swabians
247, 254
swords
11, 50–52, 99–100, 178, 215, 289
tariffs
3, 6, 7, 8, 11–31, 43, 48, 51, 54, 58, 113, 118, 125, 137, 142–143, 152–154, 161, 168–170, 175, 183–185, 190, 199, 306, 309, 311, 312
tax
13, 43, 46, 66, 79, 84, 86, 102, 109, 115, 198, 285
theft
55, 97, 117, 127–129, 142, 146, 193, 205–206, 215, 219, 227–230, 252, 297, 301, 306, 309,
robbery
Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury
220, 222, 225–227
Theodosian Code see law
Theodosius II, Roman Emperor
78–80, 84
Thorismod, Visigothic king
106
Thuringia/Thuringians
188, 206, 246, 254
Tibet
145–146, 149, 152–153
tort
54, 300
torture
169, 295
treasury
21, 81, 108
Turks
290
twelfhyndman
314
Twelve Tables, laws of
44, 86–88
Ulpian, Roman jurist
45, 87
United States of America
68
Utrecht, bishop of
166
Valdemar II, king of Denmark
282
Valdemar’s Law
280
Valens, Roman Emperor
79
Valentinian, Roman Emperor
6, 81, 83
Vikings
166
violence
1–4, 8, 10, 25, 27, 30, 58, 60, 104, 144, 147–148, 155, 161–163, 171, 216–220, 230, 232, 240, 243, 252, 261, 266, 269–275, 297, 299, 308–311
Visigoths
6, 86, 106, 199
Vlie, river
165–167
Vulcacius Rufinus
84
Welsh
115–121
wergild
1–32, 38–60, 86–87, 89, 92, 94, 96, 113–131, 142, 144, 161–179, 183–207, 219–220, 226, 228–229, 232, 240–255, 261–275, 277–279, 290, 293–320
perpetrator wergild
16, 56
sanction function
53–54
‘triple wergild’
183–207
‘Wergeldquittungen’ (‘wergild-receipts’)
263–266
Weser, river
167
‘Western Legal Tradition’
293–295, 299–301, 312–313, 316–320
wider-gild (‘repayment’)
96, 107
widows
120–123, 277, 289
Wihtred, laws of
114–128
Willibrord, ‘Apostle of the Frisians’, Anglo-Saxon missionary
223
witi-scalcus
104–7
Wulfstan, Archbishop of York
302–303, 305
Yemen
145, 148, 151, 154
Zealand, Denmark
165, 279–285