Index
1958 [Joint] Manifesto
149, 176â177, 180â181
absolute truth
114â116
abstract world
139
Academia Sinica
2, 31, 39, 99, 111
academic integrity
111
academician
99
accomplice of totalitarianism
108n.121
Agrarian Reform Law
67
agricultural cooperation
68
American Seventh Fleet
39
Analects (Lunyu è«èª )
119
Anarchism
91
Anarchist
106
ancient studies
104
anomie
117, 123
anti-authoritarianism
88, 123
anti-Communism
31, 37â38, 57, 61
anti-conservative
92
anti-Marxist
4
antiquarianism
170
anti-sceptical
102
antithesis
116
anti-totalitarian
16
anti-traditionalism
7, 89, 129
anti-traditionalist
6â7, 87, 110, 125, 129, 162
anti-utopian
16, 52, 57, 81
anxiety over future uncertainties
118, 166
arbitrariness
62, 87, 120
atheism
73
atheist
172
Australia
61
authentic feeling
134
authoritarian rule
22, 95, 98
authoritarianism
59, 88
authority
10, 70, 88, 89, 106, 129, 131, 134
autocracy
92, 96, 129, 152
autocratic monarch
152
autonomy of rationality
138â139
Barnes, Harry E. (1889â1968)
94
base
74
Beijing
66, 85, 90â91
benevolence
120, 156
benevolent heart
158
blueprint
16, 36, 52, 66, 69â70, 122, 186
body representative of public opinion
145â146
Bolshevik
115
Bolshevism
17
Book of rites (Liji ç¦®è¨ )
140
bourgeoisie
65, 73, 90, 103
Britain
21, 38, 53n.12, 59, 77, 153
British Labor Party
61, 153
Buddhism
74, 121, 125, 180
Bukharin, Nikolai (1888â1938)
64
burning of books
158
burying of scholars
158
campaign
29, 36, 41â42, 89, 98, 135
capacity to âlet go of everythingâ
177
capitalism
5, 12, 22, 55â56, 61, 63, 77
censorial system
80
Central Asia
74
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
74
Central daily (Zhongyang ribao ä¸å¤®æ¥å ± )
34â37, 86â87, 89, 91â92, 183
Central Intelligence Agency
46, 48
Central Reorganization Commission
39
Chapman, Frank
85
Chen Duxiu é³ç¨ç§ (1879â1942)
84, 115
Chiang Ching-kuo è£ç¶å (1910â1988)
33
Chiang Kai-shek è£ä»ç³ (1887â1975)
adopting Principle of the Peopleâs Livelihood
54
concluding remarks
183â185
connection with Xu Fuguan
8, 29â34
relationship with Yin Haiguang
6, 35, 37â38, 41
relationship with Zhang Junmai
42â43
Xu Fuguanâs view on Chiang
160, 162, 181
Yin Haiguangâs view on Chiang
83â84, 88, 95
chief writer
36
China weekly (Zhongguo yizhou ä¸åä¸å¨ )
106â107
Chinese Communist government
100
Chinese Communist Party
13, 17, 47, 55, 87, 90â91, 132
Chinese Communists
15, 39, 46, 67, 77â78, 87, 90â91, 135, 150, 176
Chinese culture
and Chinese intellectuals
167â168
and debate between liberals and New Confucian
100â101, 105
and Guomindangâs partification
110â111
and John K. Fairbank
175â177
and national reconstruction
128â130
and student spies
87
and the New Confucian manifesto
168â173, 179, 181â182
and the New Confucian manifesto
77â79
and Xu Fuguanâs cultural ideals
162â163
and Xu Fuguanâs political ideals
149â151
as an aid to modernization
137, 146
concluding remarks
186â187
relationship with Xu, Yin and Zhang
5â10, 25, 42, 64
Yin Haiguangâs reappraisal of
117â118, 124
Chinese democracy
6, 8, 13, 26, 49, 83, 90, 154, 156â160
Chinese Democratic Constitutionalist Party
46
Chinese Democratic League
43
Chinese enlightenment
84
Chinese Fighting League for Freedom and Democracy
44â49, 66â70, 72, 184â186
Chinese mainland
and attack on Chinese culture
182
and Communist domination
52, 98, 149, 161, 167
and counterattacks
39â40, 83
and free economy
154
and future democracy
50
and future liberal culture
124
and national salvation
1, 4, 6, 13, 20â21, 25â27, 29
and the Third Force
44â45, 66
concluding remarks
183â184
escape from
81, 99
future marginalization of Marxism
148
Chinese nation
and future democratic ideals
1, 3, 28, 35, 49, 53, 85â86, 125, 185
and national salvation
17, 27, 29, 93, 132, 183
and national spirit
12
and Xu Fuguanâs Confucian ideals
149â150, 162â163, 168, 172
Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang)
and Free China magazine
41
and John K. Fairbank
174
and partification
108â110
and the Third Force
46
opposition from Luo Longji
19
relationship with Yin, Xu and Zhang
6, 8, 15, 183
rivalry against Chinese Communists
17, 54â55
Xuâs view on the party
29â31, 34â35, 150
Yin Haiguangâs relationship with the party
36â39, 86, 89, 93â94, 99â100, 105â107, 110â111, 120, 122, 125
Zhang Junmaiâs criticism
43â44
Chinese society
7, 19â20, 47, 92, 103, 121, 124, 139, 156, 158, 161, 181
Chinese State Socialist Party
2, 21, 43, 69
Chinese thought
23, 103, 117, 140, 176â177
Chinese tradition
and its revitalization
22â23, 25
and the Confucian manifesto
79â80, 173â176
opposition to individualism
19
relationship with democracy
3, 24, 26, 35
relationship with modernization
26, 88, 188
relationship with liberalism
10
Xu Fuguanâs view on
9â10, 149â150, 162, 182, 186
Yin Haiguangâs attack on
6â7, 86â89, 99â100, 102â104, 107â108, 110, 125, 186
Yin Haiguangâs reappraisal of
119, 125â126
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
127, 129â131, 137â139, 186
Chongqing
35, 43, 86, 174
Christianity
74, 121, 177, 179â180
civic education
105
civil liberties
39
Civil War
67, 86, 89, 135, 175
class struggle
54, 65, 73â74, 77, 133â134, 150
classical liberalism
30
cognitive meaning
112, 114, 116
Cold War
and Cold War currents
15â17, 26, 51â52, 76, 81â83
Chinese liberal tradition
14, 27, 183, 186â189
legacy of Chinese intellectuals
188â189
national salvation
29
relevance to contemporary China
13
revitalization of Confucianism
76
Xu Fuguanâs relationship with
11, 161
Yin Haiguangâs relationship with
6, 8, 11, 20, 60â61, 89, 94, 123
Zhang Junmaiâs relationship with
4, 6, 11, 20â22, 63, 69, 76, 182, 188
Cold War currents
14â15, 17, 26â27, 51â52, 76, 81â82, 183, 187â188
Cold War liberalism
6, 15, 17, 27, 57, 60â61, 69
collectivism
18, 93
Communism
and Cold War currents
16, 51, 76, 81,
and cultural conservatism
22
and national salvation
27, 29â30, 48, 132, 183
and New Confucian manifesto
78â79, 177, 180
Chinese liberal tradition
186, 188
Xu Fuguanâs view on
30â31, 34â35, 77â79, 150, 153â154
Yin Haiguangâs view on
6, 37â40, 52â53, 55, 57, 60â61, 86â87, 89â90, 92â94, 117, 125, 184
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
4, 44, 48, 64â67, 74, 132â133, 138â139, 185
Zhang Qiyunâs view on
105
Communist China
25
Communist dictatorship
38, 63, 93
Communist International
77
community
9, 11, 17, 24, 45â46, 48, 98, 104, 131, 159
conception of the nation
132
conceptual motive power for world progress
92
concerned consciousness
8
Confucian democracy
9, 27, 161
Confucian liberal
10, 130â131, 150â151, 186
Confucian liberalism
10, 24, 129â130, 150
Confucian manifesto
194
Confucian political concepts
155, 187
Confucian studies
8, 78, 132, 135â136, 150, 161
Confucian tradition
8, 24, 27, 77â79, 81, 127, 129â131, 149â150, 155, 160, 176, 187
Confucianism
and Cold War currents
17, 27, 76, 188
and liberalism
24
and New Confucian manifesto
78â79, 81â82, 168, 170â172, 180, 182, 186
as New Confucianism
23
John K. Fairbankâs view on
174
relevance to contemporary China
13, 49
Xu Fuguanâs view on
8â9, 30, 150, 154, 161, 168, 175â176, 187
Yin Haiguangâs view on
8, 119â120, 125
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
5â6, 25, 127â132, 136â138, 140â143, 146â148
Confucius åå (551 BCâ479 BC)
75, 120, 139, 142, 175
Congressional hearing
174, 176
consciousness of individuality
157
consciousness of the self
156
conservatism
5, 13, 14, 18, 22â24, 28, 82â83, 89, 99, 129, 186
conservative liberal
127, 129, 131
conservative liberalism
129, 132
Conservative Party
153
constitution
2, 29, 31, 36, 41, 43, 59, 64, 74, 80, 91â92, 146, 185
constitutional democracy
29, 36, 44, 131, 145, 184
constitutionalism
2, 21, 43, 156, 184
continuity
49, 72, 82, 164
controlled economy
57â58, 61
corresponded with facts
113
crisis
4, 10, 63, 94, 123, 130â131, 154, 167, 178, 186
cult of ritualized subordination
84
cultivation of persons
139
cultural chauvinism
177
cultural conservatism
5, 13â14, 18, 24, 28, 82â83, 186
cultural elite
8, 149, 162, 166â168, 181â182
cultural ideals
39, 84, 124, 162â163, 181â182, 185
cultural identity
132
cultural nationalism
131â132, 138, 168, 176â177, 181, 186
cultural nationalist
9, 127, 131â132, 137, 148, 150, 172
cultural ruffian
162
cultural values
123
cultural vanguard
87
cultural worker
167â168
culture of partification
108, 110
Dai Duheng æ´æè¡¡ (1907â1964)
61
decision-making power
37, 70
Declaration of Independence
142
democracy
and Cold War currents
17, 27, 52
and conservatism
22
and national salvation
14â15, 29, 186
and New Confucian manifesto
79, 168, 170, 177
early development in China
1â5
in Chinese liberal tradition
14, 24, 186
relevance to contemporary China
13, 189
Xu Fuguanâs view on
8â10, 149â161, 163, 167â168, 170, 177, 185
Yin Haiguangâs view on
6â7, 10, 26, 36â42, 52, 55â58, 60â62, 83â96, 99â100, 103, 105â107, 110, 120â121, 123â124, 184
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
44â50, 63â66, 73, 75, 127â131, 133, 143, 145, 147, 185
Democracy of the Proletariat
153
democratic China
26, 61, 73, 142, 149, 154, 180
democratic enterprises
67, 69, 71
democratic form
71, 81, 153
democratic governance
8, 64, 105
Democratic review (Minzhu pinglun æ°ä¸»è©è« )
30, 99, 152, 170, 184
democratic socialism
11, 52â53, 56â57, 61, 63, 66, 153â154
Democratic Socialist Party
70
democratic spirit
9, 92â93, 158,
democratic state-building
29, 42, 51, 66, 127, 180, 186
democratic thought
79, 81, 130, 177
democratic tradition
59, 158, 183
democratization
and Cold War currents
27
and national salvation
26, 29, 48
and New Confucian manifesto
180
and the Third Force
70
early development in China
3
relevance to contemporary China
23, 49â50
Xu Fuguanâs view on
168, 180, 185
Yin Haiguangâs view on
35, 38â40, 53, 83
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
42, 48, 127, 141, 187
demonstration
90â91
Department of Central Propaganda
36
Department of Defense
34
Department of Education
111
de-politicization
66
destiny of man
114
determinism
75
dialectical materialism
74, 76, 115â116, 133
dignity of personality
133
Ding Wenjiang ä¸ææ± (1887â1936)
1â2, 104
direct rights of citizens
145â146
dissident
31, 33, 35, 94, 108, 119, 159, 185
distinction [between right and wrong] through reason
133
disturbance
14, 60, 87, 91, 134
Doctrine of the Mean
5, 140
dogma
93
dogmatism
120
dual character
93
Duan Qirui 段祺ç (1865â1936)
43
Eastern miscellany (Dongfang zazhi æ±æ¹éèª )
85
economic ability
58
economic advantage
115
economic equality
53, 56â57, 60â62, 153â154,
economic freedom
58
economic ideals
68, 70
economic inequality
12, 61â62, 66
economic policy
66
economic power
62, 70
economic relations
74
economic self-sufficience
55
economic socialization
53
education
61, 85, 103, 105â106, 108â109, 111
educational function
135
egoism
120
émigré intellectual
and Cold War currents
14, 17, 27, 81â82
and departure from China
1, 25, 183
and national salvation
15, 26â27, 48â49, 183
and the quest for democracy
26â27, 48â49
and Third Force
4, 49
and Xu Fuguan
167
and Yin Haiguang
37, 83
and Zhang Junmai
4, 46, 48, 63, 70, 147
in Chinese liberal tradition
27, 160, 183, 188
relevance to contemporary China
11, 13, 188
émigré liberal
27, 162, 183, 187
Emperor Dezong of Tang
32, 160
Emperor Wu of Liang
32
empiricism
6, 64, 112â113, 121, 125â126
empiricist
10, 104â105, 120, 140
empiricistâs attitude
104â105, 120
emptiness
178
endless exploration
178
Engels, Friedrich (1820â1895)
75
Enlightenment
84, 142â143
equality
53, 56â57, 60â62, 92, 94, 121, 154, 157, 159
equalization of land ownership
53â54
ethics
103, 115, 119â121, 139, 171
eugenics
61
Europe
18, 63â64, 73, 142
European
18, 64, 137, 142â143, 172, 177
exclusive
74, 87, 96, 102
exemplary person
3
existence of the universe
139
experimental
113
external freedom
95
factional relationship
110
Fairbank, John K. (1907â1991)
111, 174â177
false equality
60
Fan Zhongyan è仲淹 (989â1052)
167
fatherly image
103, 110
feeling of mildness and commiseration or compassion
179
Feigl, Herbert (1902â1988)
104
Feng Congde å°å¾å¾· (b. 1966)
13
Feng Dao 馮é (882â954)
136
Feng Youlan 馮åè (1895â1990)
85, 132, 135â136
feudalism
90
Fichte, Johann G. (1762â1814)
75
Fighting League
44â49, 66â70, 72, 184â186
firm will
133â134
forces of production
115
Ford Foundation
45, 48
formalism
110
four sprouts
139
fraternity
104
Free China (Ziyou Zhongguo èªç±ä¸å )
and Chinese liberals
52
and Cold War currents
27, 61â62, 81, 95
and democratic socialism
56â57
and Outside the Party Movement
49
and Yin Haiguang
37â39, 60, 93, 95, 183
and Zhang Junmai
73
crackdown by the Nationalist government
117, 185
criticism of the Nationalist government
39, 41, 88â89, 93, 99, 105, 184
debate with New Confucians
99â100, 162, 187
founding of the magazine
19, 183
free economy
62, 154
free election
63
Free man (Ziyouren èªç±äºº )
100
free will
95, 98
freedom
and Cold War currents
17, 187
and conservatism
89, 129, 186
and democratic socialism
57
and liberals on Taiwan
62
and national salvation
29, 185
and revisionist democracy
4
and the Third Force
66, 69, 71â72
in Chinese liberal tradition
14â15, 17, 19, 25, 185â186
national reconstruction
1â2
relevance to contemporary China
49, 188
Tang Junyiâs view on
158
Xu Fuguanâs view on
9â10, 151, 154â156, 160, 164, 184
Yin Haiguangâs view on
7, 20, 37â38, 41, 53, 58â60, 84â87, 89, 91â98, 123â124, 183
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
2â3, 20, 44, 63â64, 73, 129â130, 135, 145
freedom of assembly
156
freedom of dexing and zhixingâ
151
freedom of speech
3, 20, 41, 63, 155â156, 160
freedom of the state
96â98
freedom of the will
85
French Revolution
92
Fu Sinian å
æ¯å¹´ (1896â1950)
2, 37
Fudan University
90
fundamental constituent
143
Gao Changshou é«æ壽 (dates unknown)
57
generality
113
Germany
73, 98
Gibbon, Edward (1737â1794)
74
governing people
24
grand duty of loving the nation
134
grassroots culture
163â166
great commonwealth
148
Great Leap Forward
117
Great learning (daxue å¤§å¸ )
139
great man
136
Gu Mengyu 顧åé¤ (1888â1972)
44, 47
Guangdong
47, 67
guerrilla
46
Guomindang Central Standing Committee
46
Hayek, Friedrich A. (1899â1992)
7, 16, 51â52, 59â62
He Lin è³éº (1902â1992)
23, 169
heart of self-confidence
134
helmsman of Chinese liberalism
125
Henan
68
Henle, Paul
85
hierarchy
163
high-level tradition
165â166, 168
historical determinism
75
historical materialism
65
Hitler, Adolf (1889â1945)
98
Hong Kong
and Chinese intellectuals
1, 21, 25â26, 29
and Chinese liberal tradition
82
and Cold War currents
81, 187â188
and debate between New Confucians and liberals
100, 162
and moderate socialists
70, 72,
and national salvation
29, 52, 68
and New Confucian manifesto
78â79, 170, 173
and Taiwan
83
and Tang Junyi
173
and Third Force
184
and Xu Fuguan
30, 162
and Yin Haiguang
37
and Zhang Junmai
4, 11, 42, 44â50, 184
relevance to contemporary China
50
Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China
50
Hongmen
46
Hook, Sidney (1902â1989)
75
Hu Qiuyuan è¡ç§å (1910â2004)
111
Hu Shi è¡é© (1891â1962)
1â2, 10, 37, 46, 61, 99, 101, 104, 114, 117
Huang Zongxi é»å®ç¾² (1610â1695)
24, 130
human happiness
65
human life
121, 124
human nature
8â9, 77â78, 87, 100, 118, 139â140, 151, 156, 163, 166
human rights
1â3, 9, 19â21, 24, 40â41, 64â66, 71, 73, 95, 151â152, 156â157
human society
115
humaneness
139
humanism
104, 121
human-rights economy
71
ideological offensive
77
ideological strand
14, 18, 148, 150
ideology
5, 21, 76, 91
immovable as a mountain
134
impediment
26, 83, 87â88, 102, 125, 129, 186
imperialism
14, 90
imported innovation
110
inalienable rights
64
inborn qualities
62
independent personalities
20
individual
and Chinese liberal tradition
18â19, 28
and New Confucian manifesto
81, 173, 179
Luo Longjiâs view on
21
Xu Fuguanâs view on
31, 152, 156, 158â159
Yin Haiguangâs view on
20, 59, 94, 97, 123
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
20, 64, 76, 129â131, 134, 143â144, 147, 187
individual freedom
2, 19â20, 71, 73, 92, 97â98, 124, 129, 156, 186â187,
individualism
19, 63â64, 92
individualist
18
individuality
76, 93, 96â97, 157â158, 178
individual-society-state relationship
131, 143, 147, 149, 187
innate inequality
61
inner content of reason
158
institution of ceding the throne to the wise young
81
insurrection
91
integration
and Chinese intellectuals
169
and Chinese liberal tradition
28, 49, 187â188
and New Confucian manifesto
149, 169
and Three Prnciples of the People
56
Xu Fuguanâs view on
9, 149, 160, 187â188
Yin Haiguangâs view on
84, 100, 117, 120â121, 125â126, 140, 147, 187â188
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
4, 8, 128, 138â139, 143â144, 147, 149, 187â188
integration of Eastern and Western ethics
120
integrity
75, 80, 111, 133, 167
intellectual
and Chinese liberal tradition
13, 83, 183â187
and Cold War currents
15â17, 27, 51, 62, 81â82, 187
and conflict with the Guomindang
99
and conservatism
22â24, 161, 169, 177
and debate between New Confucians and liberals
10, 99â100, 111,
and departure from China
1â3, 83
and liberalism
18â20, 52
and moderate socialism
20â22, 63
and national salvation
14â15, 26â27, 29, 48â49, 83, 128, 167, 183, 185
and New Confucian manifesto
80, 178
and relevance to contemporary China
11â13, 49â50, 188â189
and Xu Fuguan
8, 25, 149â151, 156, 162â163, 167, 181â182
and Yin Haiguang
6, 25, 37, 57, 83, 112, 117â118, 120â125, 181â182
and Zhang Junmai
4â6, 45â46, 48, 63, 69â70, 128â137, 147â148, 181â182
intellectual [human] nature
151
intellectual legacy
95
intellectual resources
5, 130â131, 150
intellectual resources of liberty
130â131, 150
intellectual tradition
13, 17, 24, 80, 186, 189
intelligence
4, 14, 30, 46, 48, 61, 124, 134
interactive triad
17, 82
internal freedom
95
international obligation
98
international stability
98
inward composure
119
Italy
98
Japan
42, 46â47, 55â56, 63, 69
Japanese invasion
5, 54, 63, 68
Jesus Christ (4 BCâc. AD 33)
75, 134
Jiaotong University
90
Jin Yuelin é嶽é (1895â1984)
85, 100
Ju Zheng å±
æ£ (1875â1951)
109
judiciary of party doctrines
109
judiciary of party members
109
June Fourth Massacre
50
Kang Youwei 康æçº (1858â1927)
161, 188
keeping states in order
139
keeping the world at peace
139
Kerensky, Alexander (1881â1970)
65
Khrushchev, Nikita (1894â1971)
77
kindness
121, 180
knowledge
16, 104, 112, 114, 121, 124, 130, 137â138, 141, 158, 163, 167â168
Korean War
39, 98
Kramers, Robert P. (1920â2002)
170
Labor Party
61, 153
laissez-faire liberalism
18â19, 57, 105, 144
Laski, Harold J. (1893â1950)
19
learning of the mind and the nature
171
Lei Zhen é·é (1897â1979)
19, 37â41, 49, 95, 101, 117
Lenin, Vladimir (1870â1924)
17, 64â65, 74
Li Daming æ大æ (1904â61)
46
Li Weichen æ微塵 (1903â77)
47
Li Xingwu æçå¾ (date unknown)
94
Liang Qichao æ¢åè¶
(1873â1929)
1, 19, 42â43, 161, 169, 177, 188
Liang Shuming æ¢æ¼±æº (1893â1988)
3, 15, 68, 161, 169, 177
liberal Confucian
9, 130â131
liberal democracy
14, 22, 24, 96, 110, 127, 131, 156, 158â159
liberal democratic values
26, 131, 150, 155, 186
liberal education
85
liberal-minded
52
liberal-scientific
26, 140, 187
liberal tradition
6, 13â14, 20â21, 24â25, 27, 82, 150, 160, 169, 183, 186â189
liberalism
and Chinese liberal tradition
13, 28, 83, 186
and Cold War currents
15â17, 27, 57, 61, 69, 82
and conservatism
24, 129â130
and debate between New Confucians and liberals
100, 102
and history in China
18â20
and moderate socialism
21
and relevance to contemporary China
11
Xu Fuguanâs view on
8â10, 150â151
Yin Haiguangâs view on
6, 8, 57, 61, 92â93, 96, 125
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
69, 132
Lin Juemin æè¦ºæ° (1887â1911)
106
Literary Battle between Chinese and Western Culture
122
literary inquisition
170
living nation
172â173
Locke, John (1632â1704)
64
logic
85, 104, 113â114, 119, 126
logical empiricism
6, 112, 121, 125â126
logical empiricist
10
logical studies
85, 104, 113
lone fellow
32
lone king
33
love of the state
107
low-level tradition
164â166, 168
Lu Zhi é¸è´ (754â805)
160
Luo Hongzhao ç¾
é´»è© (1897â1956)
101
Luo Longji ç¾
éåº (1898â1965)
2â3, 15, 19, 21, 43, 132n.27
Luo Mengce ç¾
夢å (1906â1991)
70â71
MacIver, Robert M. (1882â1970)
123
mainland China
12, 134
Manchu
110
mandate of heaven
79
man-eating
115
Manifesto of the Revolutionary Alliance
53
Mao Zedong æ¯æ¾¤æ± (1893â1976)
90, 159, 174â175
Marshall, George C. (1880â1959)
45
martyrdom
133â134, 137
Marx, Karl (1818â1883)
65, 74, 76, 116, 144
Marxism
12, 25, 54, 63â64, 74, 76â77, 112, 115â117, 125, 136, 148, 186, 188
Marxism-Leninism
90
Marxist
12, 54, 75â76, 91, 103, 115â116
mass line
135
materialist
74â76, 115â116, 172, 177
May Fourth iconoclasm
7
May Fourth Movement
26, 84â89
May Fourth Spirit
83â88, 100, 102, 125, 129, 186
Mei Yunli æ¢
èç
100
Mencius
87, 120, 133, 139n.57, 140â143
metabolic replacement
100, 103
metabolism
121
metaphysical
95, 103â104, 112, 114â116, 152
metaphysical foundation of logic
104
metaphysics
14, 104, 113â115
method of defining and classification
146
methodology
85, 113â114, 120, 145
middle of the road policy
175â176
middle parties
90
mind
9, 16, 74â76, 88, 92, 95, 103, 133â134, 138â139, 148, 171â172, 174, 178
Ming dynasty
128
minority rights
64
misconception
98, 169â170, 186
mixing different schools
140
mode of production
65, 75
model of Sino-Western cultural integration
138, 160
moderate socialism
and Chinese liberal tradition
13â14, 18, 20â21, 24, 25, 28, 83
and Cold War currents
27, 187â188
and conservatism
25
Yin Haiguangâs view on
8, 52, 57, 61â62
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
4â5, 70, 73â74, 81â82, 147
modern democracy
8, 100, 147, 152, 155, 159â160
modernity
8, 57
modernization
and Cold War currents
27
and conservatism
22
and New Confucian manifesto
171â173, 180
and relevance to contemporary China
12
and the Guomindang
108
Liang Shumingâs view on
3
Xu Fuguanâs view on
9, 181
Yin Haiguangâs view on
6, 26, 87â88, 104
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
127â128, 131â132, 137â138, 140â141, 143, 147â148, 187
Mongol
75, 134
monist
102
monopoly
41, 66
monumental simplicity
116
moral [human] nature
151
moral innovator
131â132, 148
morality
8, 10, 63, 80, 123â124, 137â138, 141, 143â144, 148, 152, 171
Mou Zongsan çå®ä¸ (1909â1995)
8, 77â78, 100â101, 132, 137, 152, 157, 161, 168â169, 186
multiparty competition
64
Mussolini, Benito (1883â1945)
98
Mutai Risaku åå°çä½ (1890â1974)
165
myth of rule by virtue
174â175
Nanjing
36, 68, 108â109
National Assembly
43
national bourgeoisie
90
national defence
55
National Defence Council
33
National Economic Committee
72
national independence
5, 66, 93
National Qinghua University
35, 85
national reconstruction
5, 66, 127â128, 147, 154
national renaissance
5, 133
National renaissance (Zaisheng åç )
133
nation-saving
83
national salvation
1, 7, 26â27, 29, 39, 42, 48, 51â52, 68, 83, 132
national scale
59â60
national self-sufficiency
69
National Southwestern Associated University
35, 75
National Taiwan University
37, 110, 117
national will
128
nationalism
56, 131â132, 138, 168, 176â177, 181, 186
Nationalist government
and freedom
2
and John K. Fairbank
175
and moderate socialists
72
and national salvation
15, 29
and New Confucian manifesto
173
and Tprinciple of the Peopleâs Livelihood
54
Xu Fuguanâs view on
31, 33â35, 154, 184
Yin Haiguangâs view on
36â38, 40, 55, 86, 88â89, 93, 95, 98â99, 108, 110, 125, 184, 186
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
4, 43â46, 48, 68, 185
Nationalist regime
38, 83, 111, 154
nationalization
54, 66, 72n.119
natural rights
142
naturalism
104, 172
nature of dual protagonists
152, 155
Nehru, Jawaharlal (1889â1964)
77
Neo-Confucian
23, 130, 138
Neoliberal
12, 13
New Asia College
70
New Confucian
and Chinese liberal tradition
24
and Cold War currents
27, 52, 76, 78, 81, 187
and conservatism
23
and cultural nationalism
132, 187
and debate with liberals
100â102, 125, 162
and New Confucian manifesto
78â81, 137, 150, 168â182
and relevance to contemporary China
11â13, 161
and rule of virtue
158â160
and Western democracy
157â158
contribution to the development of Confucianism
8, 161
Xu Fuguanâs view on
25, 162
Yin Haiguangâs view on
87â88, 99, 102â104
Yu Yingshiâs view on
146
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
5, 25, 130â131, 135
New Confucianism
23â24, 30, 102, 146, 168
New Democracy
90â91, 153
New Left
12, 13
new system of slavery
60
New Youth (Xin qingnian æ°éå¹´ )
84
New Zealand
61
non-absolute
113
non-action
81, 159
non-democratic political organization
98
non-Marxist
183
objectivized
155
obstinacy
33, 120
official
4, 33, 38, 45, 80, 99, 106, 109â110, 133, 136, 144â146, 155
official historiographer
80
old possession
142, 155
omniscient
102
one-party dictatorship
36, 63
opportunity
21, 41, 52, 56, 60, 111, 184
organization
29, 41, 45, 47, 69â70, 97â98, 109, 185
Oriental thought
177â178
Orwell, George (1903â1950)
17, 58
Outside the Party Movement
49
outward extension of reason
157
parent-officials
106
parliament
64, 70, 144â145, 152, 155
parliamentary democracy
73, 160
parliamentary election
61
partification
108â110
partify the judiciary
109
party platform
54
past and the present existing together
165
peaceful coexistence
77
Peking University
2
people of action
122â123
people of ideas
122â123
Peopleâs Political Council
43
perseverance
178
Persia
172
person of unyielding character
133
personality
33â34, 47, 61, 92, 100, 122, 133
petty bourgeoisie
90
phenomenal world
139
phenomenon and substance
139
philosophy
Confucian
8
and New Confucian manifesto
137, 140, 171, 178
and Xu Fuguan
149, 156, 161
and Yin Haiguang
35â37, 58, 60, 85, 89n.29, 112â115, 126
and Zhang Junmai
74, 130, 135â136, 147
physical strength
61, 143
planned economy
58, 61â62, 66, 70, 72, 105
planned education
106
political agitator
111
Political Consultative Conference
43
political content
153â154
political democracy
56, 58, 60â62, 153n.12
political democratization
53
political figures
155
political form
153â154, 157
Political Information Society
42
political institution
63, 130
political meaning
61
political philosophy
60, 89n.29, 115, 156, 161
political platform
36, 73, 153
political power
16, 62, 152, 154â155, 159
political strategies
132
political structure
115
political system
12, 24, 80, 96, 115, 130â131, 145, 147, 150, 152
politics
and Cold War currents
17
and liberalism
18
and moderate socialism
21
and New Confucian manifesto
173
and relevance to contemporary China
13
Lei Zhenâs view on
40
Mao Zedongâs view on
90
Xu Fuguanâs view on
151â152, 155, 167â168
Yin Haiguangâs view on
33, 35, 40, 96, 103, 107
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
2, 42, 49, 74, 129â130, 144, 146
Zhang Qiyunâs view on
105
Popper, Karl R. (1902â1994)
7, 16â17, 51â52, 58â60, 62, 124, 187
positivist discourse
126
posterioriâ
116
posthumous title
80
post-May-Fourthian
84
power holders
62, 88
principle of [being] people-based
152
Principle of the Peopleâs Livelihood
53â56
priori
116
private business
66, 70
private enterprises
73, 105, 154, 186
private ownership
18, 66, 186
private property
66
progressive
54, 162â164
progressive culture
162
proletarian dictatorship
65, 144
proletariat
63, 73, 90, 153
property ownership
66
propriety
139
protagonist of politics
152, 155
protest
47, 90â91
Putai Island
46
putting the laws in order
24
Qian Mu é¢ç© (1895â1990)
76, 99, 145â147
Qing government
110
quantitative
113
rationalism
92, 142â143, 172
rationality
20, 63, 138â139, 142, 144
reason
75, 133, 143, 152, 157â158, 178
reconciliation
127, 140, 154
Red Scare
16
regularity
74, 164
regulation of families
139
relations of production
63, 74, 115
religion
41, 74, 87, 94, 115, 120, 129, 142, 165, 170â171
religious spirit
171
representative democracy
152, 154â155
representative government
160
Republic of China
2, 6, 44â45, 105, 107, 176
Republican China
17, 82
Republican era
and Chinese liberal tradition
13, 17, 21, 24, 27, 183, 186, 188
and Cold War currents
82
and liberalism
19
and moderate socialism
20, 57
and national salvation
14
and New Confucian manifesto
169, 174, 177
and relevance to contemporary China
189
and Third Force
45
and Yin Haiguang
83, 89
and Zhang Junmai
4, 128, 132, 184
Reconstruction of Chinese nation
1
respect for renxing
159
restorationist
88, 162
revisionist democracy
4
revolution
15, 18, 63, 65, 76, 90, 92, 105, 129, 134, 177
revolutionary change
22
revolutionary education
106
revolutionary-democratic party
36
revolutionism
93
right to vote
41, 65
righteousness
120â121, 134, 139
rights-and-duties-based democracy
149
role model for intellectuals
120
Roman Empire
74
rule by non-action
81
rule of law
2, 8, 13, 18, 63, 127, 141, 146, 156, 160
rule of rites
3
rule of the great unity
3
rule of virtue
8, 26, 131, 142, 157, 160, 175
rural reforms
68
Russell, Bertrand (1872â1970)
7, 85, 121
Russia
38, 63, 65, 74, 77, 91, 98
sage-worshipping
102
San Francisco
46, 127
sceptical
24, 102, 113
School for the Study of Many Languages
42
science
and conservatism
23
and liberals
52
and New Confucian manifesto
171, 176, 178
and the Guomindang
108â109
science versus metaphysics controversy
14
Xu Fuguanâs view on
20
Yin Haiguangâs view on
26, 84â85, 88â89, 92, 100, 103â104, 110, 112â117, 119â121, 123, 126, 186
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
75
science versus metaphysics controversy/debate
14, 104, 115
scientific
and New Confucian manifesto
173â174, 176
innovation
2
method
17
Yin Haiguangâs view on
26, 84â85, 88, 102â104, 112â117, 120â121, 124â126, 147, 181, 186â187
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
75, 140â141
scientific humanism
121
scientific knowledge
112, 114, 124
scientific laws
75
scientific model of cultural integration
147
scientific principles
103â104, 113, 117, 181
scientific values
84, 126
Second World War
16, 77, 90
seeds of democratic thought
79, 81, 130
seeking compromise
140
self-consciousness
74, 149, 158â160, 163â166
self-consciousness of high-level tradition
166
self-consciousness of the individual
158
self-criticism
100, 135â136
self-emancipation
84
self-exile
1, 183
self-exiled
3
self-interest
120â121
self-reflection
139
self-sufficiency
22, 67, 69
sense of anxiety over future uncertainties
166
sense of duty
141
sense of loss
121, 123
sense of responsibility
141, 166
sense of security
178
Shanghai
42, 90
Shen Junru æ²éå (1875â1963)
15
Shi Fuliang æ½å¾©äº® (1899â1970)
15
Shun
81, 159
simple certainty
116
Sino-Japanese War
4, 21, 30â31, 35, 43, 54, 68, 173â174
Sinologist
168, 170, 172
Sinology
171
slaves
60
social class
54, 65â66, 92
social contract
156â158
social engineering
59, 124, 187
social justice
20, 73, 145
social order
18, 88, 103, 144
social standing
102
social welfare system
66, 105
socialism
and Chinese liberal tradition
13â14, 18, 24, 28, 83, 186
and Cold War currents
17, 27, 57â58, 62, 81â82, 187
and liberalism
8
and moderate wing
20â21, 56â57, 63
and relevance to contemporary China
11
and the middle parties
90
Xu Fuguanâs view on
153â154
Yin Haiguangâs view on
6, 52â53, 58â61, 81, 187
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
4â5, 21, 25, 65â66, 69â70, 73â74, 81, 143, 145, 147â148, 188
socialist heaven
115
socialist state
2, 21, 43, 61â62, 69, 148
socialist system
60, 70
societal identity
130
Socrates (470 BCâ399 BC)
75
solitary one
32â33
son of May Fourth
84
Song dynasty
128
Song of the Upright Spirit
133
Song-Ming Confucianism
172
source of political power
152, 155
Soviet Communist Party
77
Soviet Union
63, 65â66, 73â74, 77, 93, 106, 115, 135, 188
spirit of âappreciating what is at the present momentâ
177
spirit of freedom
151
spirit of liberalism
151
spirit of martyrdom
133â134, 137
spirit of objectivity
120
spirit of the mind
178
spiritual condition of liberal life
156
spiritual freedom
129â130
spiritual life
118, 171, 179
spiritual state
119
St. Johnâs University
90
Stalin, Joseph (1878â1953)
17, 77, 98
state capitalism
55â56
state planning
66
state-building
22, 29, 42, 51, 66, 68â69, 81, 127â128, 132, 139, 147, 162, 180, 186â187
state-owned corporations/enterprises
72, 105
Stuart, John Leighton (1876â1962)
45
student spies
87, 91
Sun Baoyi å«å¯¶æ¯
(dates unknown)
70
Sun Yat-sen å«é¸ä» (1866â1925)
36, 38, 53â54, 56â57, 105, 107, 183
superstructure
74, 115
suppression
62, 94, 159
supreme god
172
supreme power
94, 110
synthesis
5, 25, 116
system of democratic centralism
36
system of state chancellorship
80
Taiping Rebellion
110
Taiwan
and Chinese liberal tradition
82
and Cold War currents
57, 81â82
and democracy
15
and Hong Kong
49â50
and liberals
19
and national salvation
15, 26â27, 29â50
and New Confucian manifesto
78â79
and relevance to contemporary China
23â24, 49â50
arrival of Chinese intellectuals
1, 21, 25â26, 52
Weng Qingpingâs view on
72
Xu Fuguanâs view on
8â10, 25, 30â35
Yin Haiguangâs view on
6, 35â42, 57, 60â61
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
4, 11, 25, 42â48
Taiwan Strait
24, 39, 98, 168
Talmon, J.L. (1916â1980)
58, 96
Tan Hu èè· (date unknown)
46
Tang Junyi ååæ¯
(1909â1978)
and Xu Fuguan
8
and debate with liberals
101, 103
and New Confucian manifesto
78â79, 137, 168â170, 173â174, 182, 186
criticism of Hu Shi
99
view on democracy
152, 157â158, 160â161
Tao Xisheng é¶å¸è (1899â1988)
35
Taoism
125, 180
technology
92, 124, 141, 176
Temporary Provisions
31, 36, 38, 43
testimony
173â174
the self
113, 118, 156
theory of heavenly principles
142
theory of human nature (renxinglun)
8
theory of the virtuous nature
139
thesis
55, 116
thinking and the function of mind
138
Third Force
4, 42â47, 49, 128, 184â185
Thomas Jefferson (1743â1826)
142â143
Thorez, Maurice (1900â1964)
63
thoughts of possession
179
Three Principles of the People
36, 53â54, 56, 89, 93â94, 109, 183
Tianjin
91
tolerance
38, 76, 93â94
Tong Guanxian ç«¥å è³¢ (1894â1981)
44
Tongji University
90
totalitarian democracy
96
totalitarianism
16â17, 38, 57â58, 89, 93â97, 108, 174, 177
tradition
and Chinese liberal tradition
13â14, 17, 20â21, 25â27, 35, 183, 186â189
and Cold War currents
14, 77â78
and conservatism
22â25
and liberalism
19â20
and moderate socialism
20, 57, 59
and national salvation
14
and New Confucian manifesto
79â82, 173â176, 186
and relevance to contemporary China
176
relationship with modern values
3
Xu Fuguanâs view on
8â11, 149â150, 155, 158, 160â169, 182
Yin Haiguangâs view on
6â7, 86â89, 99â105, 107â108, 110â111, 117, 119â121, 125â126
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
73, 127â131, 137â139, 145, 148
traditionalism
102, 186
traditionalist
10â11, 52, 102, 110â111
tragic sense of insecurity
123
Training Institute for Judges
109
transcendental existence
113
transformation
10, 130
united front
43, 77
United States
and Chinese intellectuals
29
and John K. Fairbank
174â176
and Korean War
39
and middle parties
90
and New Confucian manifesto
173â176
and Red Scare
16
and Tang Junyi
79n.151, 169
and the Soviet Union
77
and Xu Fuguan
159
and Yin Haiguang
7, 38
and Yu Yingshi
1
and Zhang Junmai
21, 25, 45â48, 69, 83, 127, 134, 142, 169â170
United States Office of Strategic Services
174â175
unity
and Free China
39
and liberalism
18
and New Confucian manifesto
150, 168, 171, 177, 180, 186
the rule of great unity
3
Xu Fuguanâs view on
34, 159, 164â165
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
26, 48, 127â128, 131, 138, 141â144, 147, 149, 187
Zhang Qiyunâs view on
105
unity of knowledge and action
138, 141
unity of knowledge and morality
141
unity of virtue and law
26, 127, 131, 142â144, 147, 149
universal
18, 49, 113, 180
universal characteristics of human nature
139
universal values of humankind
124
universalist
18
University of Nanking
36
unlimited pursuit
178
unscientific
16, 102â103, 112, 116, 186
upper-class culture
163, 165â166
upright citizen
20
utopian
16â17, 51â52, 57, 59, 89, 124, 187
value judgment
114, 163
value standard
63
value system
96, 115
value-free
113
vast flowing energy
133
village compact
3
virtue
rule of virtue
8, 26, 142, 157, 160, 174â175
unity of virtue and law
26, 143â144, 147, 149
Xu Fuguanâs view on
32, 155, 157, 159â160, 175
Yin Haiguangâs view on
117, 120, 126, 147
Zhang Junmaiâs view on
26, 74, 127, 131, 139, 141â144, 147, 187
virtues of a ruler
32, 155
vital force
139
vitality
10, 130â131, 150
Voice of China (Zhongguo zhi sheng ä¸åä¹è² )
47
Wang Dan ç丹 (b. 1969)
13
Wang Juntao çè»æ¿¤ (b. 1958)
13
Wang Shijie çä¸æ° (1891â1981)
111
Wang Yangming çé½æ (1472â1529)
128, 138, 141
Wang Yuxiu çè¿ä¿® (dates unknown)
62
warlord
90
Waseda University
42
Washington, George (1732â 1799)
171
Washington D.C.
45
way of a ruler
155
way of an official
155
Wen Tianxiang æ天祥 (1236â1283)
75, 133â134
Weng Qingping ç¿éè (1902â1951)
72
West German socialist
73â74
Western civilization
3, 73, 92, 161
Western culture
100â101, 110â111, 141, 171, 176â179
Western philosophy
140
Westernized liberal
10, 130
Westernized liberalism
10, 130
whole world becoming a commonwealth
81
whole world is a single family
180
will to power
179
wisdom of being curvilinear and spiritual
178
wisdom of how to make culture long-standing
179
world culture
63, 78â79, 101, 160
World daily (Shijie ribao ä¸çæ¥å ± )
127
world progress
20
world unity
150, 168, 177
Wu Minxiong ä¼æ°é (date unknown)
118
Wuhan
68
Xiao Gongquan èå
¬æ¬ (K.C. Hsiao, 1897â1981)
147
Xiong Shili çåå (1885â1968)
3, 30, 149, 161, 169
Xishui
30
Xu Fuguan å¾å¾©è§ (1903â1982)
and Confucianism
8â9, 24, 26â27, 187
and New Confucian manifesto
78, 137
and relationship with Chiang Kai-shek
8, 184
and relationship with Yin Haiguang and liberals
83, 87, 99, 101, 117â118, 125â126
and Zhang Junmai
131, 142, 147, 185
Chinese liberal tradition
13â14, 20, 186
Cold War currents
77â78, 183
Confucian ideals
149â182
life in Taiwan
25
national salvation
15
national salvation
29â35, 48, 183
quest for Chinese democracy
3, 26â27, 48
relevance to contemporary China
11, 188
Xu Gaoruan å¾é«é® (1911â1969)
111
Xunzi èå (c. 310 BCâc. 235 BC)
140
Yan Fu å´å¾© (1854â1921)
1, 19, 37, 188
Yao
81, 159
Yin Haiguang æ®·æµ·å
(1919â1969)
and economic quality
153
and his model of a democratic China
26, 83â126, 147, 149
and liberalism
19â20
anti-traditionalism
7
appreciation of Confucian values
117â124, 187
Chinrese liberal tradition
13â14, 25, 186
Cold War currents
6, 27, 51â62, 187
debates with New Confucians
9
departure from China
3
national salvation
15, 29, 35â42, 48â49, 183â185
relationship with Xu Fuguan
162
relevance to contemporary China
11, 188
rule of law
8
Yu Yingshi ä½è±æ (b. 1930)
1, 146â147, 188â189
Yuan Shikai è¢ä¸å± (1859â1916)
42, 159
Zeng Xubai æ¾èç½ (dates unknown)
56â57
Zhang Dongsun å¼µæ±è (1886â1973)
2, 43, 132n.27
Zhang Fakui å¼µç¼å¥ (1896â1980)
44â47
Zhang Foquan å¼µä½æ³ (1907â1994)
2, 19, 95, 101
Zhang Guotao å¼µåç¾ (1897â1979)
47
Zhang Jian å¼µè¬ (1853â1926)
161
Zhang Junmai å¼µåå± (Carsun Chang, 1887â1969)
and Chinese liberal tradition
13â14, 25, 125â126, 186
and Cold War currents
27, 187â189
and Confucianism
8, 186â1878
and his model of a democratic China
128â148, 160, 181â182
and liberalism
20
and moderate socialism
2â5, 20â21, 26, 63â76, 81, 153â155, 186
and national salvation
15, 29, 42â49, 83, 183â184
and New Confucian manifesto
78, 168â173, 182
and relationship with Xu Fuguan
149
and relevance to contemporary China
11, 21
and Third Force
4, 44â50, 185
Zhang Qian 張騫 (164 BCâ114 BC)
74
Zhang Qiyun å¼µå
¶æ (1901â1985)
105, 111
Zhang Shenfu å¼µç³åº (1893â1986)
85
Zhang Shizhao ç« å£«é (1881â1973)
169
Zhou Dewei å¨å¾·å (1902â1986)
51, 62
Zhu Xi æ±ç¹ (1130â1200)
139
Zi Youren è³åä»
56